Protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells(P-SOECs)are a promising technology for water electrolysis to produce green hydrogen.However,there are still challenges related key materials and anode/electrolyte interface.P-SO...Protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells(P-SOECs)are a promising technology for water electrolysis to produce green hydrogen.However,there are still challenges related key materials and anode/electrolyte interface.P-SOECs with Zr-rich electrolyte,called Zr-rich side P-SOECs,possess high thermodynamically stability under high steam concentrations but the large reaction resistances and the current leakage,thus the inferior performances.In this study,an efficient functional interlayer Ba_(0.95)La_(0.05)Fe_(0.8)Zn_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BLFZ)in-between the anode and the electrolyte is developed.The electrochemical performances of P-SOECs are greatly enhanced because the BLFZ can greatly increase the interface contact,boost anode reaction kinetics,and increase proton injection into electrolyte.As a result,the P-SOEC yields high current density of 0.83 A cm^(-2) at 600℃ in 1.3 Vamong all the reported Zr-rich side cells.This work not only offers an efficient functional interlayer for P-SOECs but also holds the potential to achieve P-SOECs with high performances and long-term stability.展开更多
Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)can effectively convert CO_(2)into high value-added CO fuel.In this paper,Sc-doped Sr_(2)Fe_(1.5)Mo_(0.3)Sc_(0.2)O_(6−δ)(SFMSc)perovskite oxide material is synthesized via solid-p...Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)can effectively convert CO_(2)into high value-added CO fuel.In this paper,Sc-doped Sr_(2)Fe_(1.5)Mo_(0.3)Sc_(0.2)O_(6−δ)(SFMSc)perovskite oxide material is synthesized via solid-phase method as the cathode for CO_(2)electrolysis by SOECs.XRD confirms that SFMSc exhibits a stable cubic phase crystal structure.The experimental results of TPD,TG,EPR,CO_(2)-TPD further demonstrate that Sc-doping increases the concentration of oxygen vacancy in the material and the chemical adsorption capacity of CO_(2)molecules.Electrochemical tests reveal that SFMSc single cell achieves a current density of 2.26 A/cm^(2) and a lower polarization impedance of 0.32Ω·cm^(2) at 800°C under the applied voltage of 1.8 V.And no significant performance attenuation or carbon deposition is observed after 80 h continuous long-term stability test.This study provides a favorable support for the development of SOEC cathode materials with good electro-catalytic performance and stability.展开更多
This work investigates the transient performance and stability of CO_(2)/H_(2)O co-electrolysis in an air-free environment using a flat-tube solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)stack.The results showed that the transie...This work investigates the transient performance and stability of CO_(2)/H_(2)O co-electrolysis in an air-free environment using a flat-tube solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)stack.The results showed that the transient behavior of the stack with and without blowing gas into the air electrode is almost the same.With a current density of 0.67 A·cm^(-2)@750℃,the stack operated for over 200 h under co-electrolysis conditions without air blowing,and the voltage drop rate of the stack was approximately 0.203%/100 hours.Microstructure analysis revealed a significant loss of nickel particles and an apparent for-mation of an insulating phase strontium chromate(SrCrO4)on the surface of the current collection layer of the air electrode,which are identified as key factors contributing to the performance degradation of the stack.This study provides a reference for development of efficient fuel preparation technology based on SOEC stack in airless environments.展开更多
The performance of the fuel electrode in a solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)is crucial to facilitating fuel gas electrolysis and is the key determinant of overall electrolysis efficiency.Nevertheless,the commerciali...The performance of the fuel electrode in a solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)is crucial to facilitating fuel gas electrolysis and is the key determinant of overall electrolysis efficiency.Nevertheless,the commercialization of integrated CO_(2)-H_(2)O electrolysis in SOEC remains constrained by suboptimal catalytic efficiency and long-term stability limitations inherent to conventional fuel electrode architec-tures.A novel high-entropy Sr_(2)FeTi_(0.2)Cr_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)Mo_(0.2)Co_(0.2)O_(6−δ)(SFTCMMC)was proposed as a prospective electrode material of co-elec-trolysis in this work.The physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance in the co-electrolysis reaction were investigated.Full cell is capable of electrolyzing H_(2)O and CO_(2)effectively with an applied voltage.The effects of temperature,H_(2)O and CO_(2)concentra-tions,and applied voltage on the electrochemical performance of Sc_(0.18)Zr_(0.82)O_(2−δ)(SSZ)-electrolyte supported SOEC were investigated by varying the operating conditions.The SOEC obtains a favorable electrolysis current density of 1.47 A·cm^(−2)under co-electrolysis condi-tion at 850℃ with 1.5 V.Furthermore,the cell maintains stable performance for 150 h at 1.3 V,and throughout this period,no carbon de-position is detected.The promising findings suggest that the high-entropy SFTCMMC perovskite is a viable fuel electrode candidate for efficient H_(2)O/CO_(2)co-electrolysis.展开更多
In the global trend of vigorously developing hydrogen energy,proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells(P-SOECs)have attracted significant attention due to their advantages of high efficiency and not requiring p...In the global trend of vigorously developing hydrogen energy,proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells(P-SOECs)have attracted significant attention due to their advantages of high efficiency and not requiring precious metals.However,the application of P-SOECs faces challenges,particularly in developing high-performance anodes possessing both high catalytic activity and ionic conductivity.In this study,La_(0.9)Ba_(0.1)Co_(0.7)Ni_(0.3)O_(3−δ)(LBCN9173)and La_(0.9)Ba_(0.1)Co_(0.7)Ni_(0.3)O_(3−δ)(LCCN9173)oxides are tailored as promising anodes by machine learning model,achieving the synergistic enhancement of water oxidation reaction kinetics and proton conduction,which is confirmed by comprehensively analyzing experiment and density functional theory calculation results.Furthermore,the anodic reaction mechanisms for P-SOECs with these anodes are elucidated by analyzing distribution of relaxation time spectra and Gibbs energy of water oxidation reaction,manifesting that the dissociation of H_(2)O is facilitated on LBCN9173 anode.As a result,P-SOEC with LBCN9173 anode demonstrates a top-rank current density of 2.45 A cm^(−2)at 1.3 V and an extremely low polarization resistance of 0.05Ωcm^(2)at 650°C.This multi-scale,multi-faceted research approach not only discovered a high-performance anode but also proved the robust framework for the machine learning-assisted design of anodes for P-SOECs.展开更多
The performance of solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)for CO_(2) electrolysis is significantly impeded by the limited electrochemical activity and insufficient durability of the cathode.This study introduces a novel...The performance of solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)for CO_(2) electrolysis is significantly impeded by the limited electrochemical activity and insufficient durability of the cathode.This study introduces a novel(LaSrPrBaCaGd)_(2)Fe_(1.5)Mo_(0.5)O_(6-δ)(LSPBCGFM)perovskite via A-site entropy engineering,to improve both activity and durability.Experimental results reveal that LSPBCGFM cathode-based SOEC achieves a current density of 1.34 A·cm^(−2) at 1.5 V and 800℃,maintaining stable operation for more than 400 h at 1.2 V with negligible degradation.Theoretical calculations suggest that the high-entropy strategy shifts the transition metal d-band center and O-2p-band center closer to the Fermi energy level simultaneously,thereby initiating more favorable CO_(2) adsorption and activation.In addition,a higher O-2p-band center promotes the formation and diffusion of oxygen vacancies.The findings of this study provide crucial insights into the role of conformational entropy strategies in CO_(2) electrolysis and offer potential pathways for the development of highly efficient and stable catalysts.展开更多
Due to the microstructural degradation of fuel electrodes,high cycling stability and catalytic activity remain a significant barrier for solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOEC).Perovskite materials exhibit favorable mixe...Due to the microstructural degradation of fuel electrodes,high cycling stability and catalytic activity remain a significant barrier for solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOEC).Perovskite materials exhibit favorable mixed conductivity and redox stability as cathode materials,but their catalytic activity is not ideal.This study systematically investigates the structural,morphological,and electrochemical properties of cobalt doping in the Pr_(0.4)Sr_(0.6)Co_(xF)e_(1-x)O_(3-δ)(PSC_(x)F)system,characterized using scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,CO_(2)-temperature-programmed desorption,and Raman spectroscopy.The effect of cobalt-doping concentration on the electrochemical properties was further investigated.The electrochemical performance evaluation demonstrates that the optimal is achieved with a cob alt-doping ratio of 0.1.At 800℃and 1.5 V,the CO_(2)electrolysis current density of the PSC_(0.1)F-Gd_(0.1)Ce_(0.9)O_(2-δ)(GDC)IGDCISc_(0.1)Zr_(0.9)O_(2-δ)|IGDCILa_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3+δ)full cell reaches 1.37 A·cm^(-2),approximately 34.3%higher than that of electrodes without cobalt doping.Furthermore,the electrode maintains stability for over 100 h at 800℃and 1.3 V.This work offers new insights into how metal doping can be applied to regulate electrode structures,thereby providing enhanced performance and stability for perovskite-based fuel electrodes.展开更多
The rising level of CO_(2) concentration in the atmosphere poses major threats to the global climate and environment.Various technologies have been developed to mitigate its negative effects through nonconversion and ...The rising level of CO_(2) concentration in the atmosphere poses major threats to the global climate and environment.Various technologies have been developed to mitigate its negative effects through nonconversion and conversion routes.Particularly,solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs),as a promising technology with the highest energy efficiency,have garnered considerable attention for their effectiveness to electrochemically convert CO_(2) into high-value fuels.However,the insufficient catalytic activity,poor longterm stability,and high costs have significantly hindered the industrial-scale application of SOECs.To this end,substantial efforts,with an emphasis on the smart design of targeting electrode materials for specific applications have been devoted to advancing the electrosynthesis of high-value fuels from CO_(2) in various SOECs,but there still lacks a critical and comprehensive review in-depth discussing the fundamentals,and summarizing the latest advances in various applications and electrode materials for electrochemically converting CO_(2) to high-value fuels in SOECs.This review thus aims to fill this gap by focusing on the fundamentals(i.e.,SOEC working principles,thermodynamics,kinetics and representative evaluation parameters),specific applications(i.e.,pure CO_(2) electrolysis,CO_(2)-H_(2)O co-electrolysis,fuel-assisted CO_(2) conversion),and material selection criteria(i.e.,cathodic materials for CO_(2) conversion,and anodic materials for fuel-assisted CO_(2) conversion).In addition,the challenges that this technology is currently facing,and our perspectives on electrochemical CO_(2) conversion in SOECs are proposed to guide the smart design of high-performance electrocatalysts and future industrial-scale application of SOECs for electrosynthesizing high-value fuels from CO_(2).展开更多
CO_(2)electrolysis using solid oxide electrolysis cells is a promising technology for CO_(2)utilization and conversion,which has attracted more and more attention in recent years because of its extremely high efficien...CO_(2)electrolysis using solid oxide electrolysis cells is a promising technology for CO_(2)utilization and conversion,which has attracted more and more attention in recent years because of its extremely high efficiency.However,traditional Ni-yttria-stabilized zirconia(Ni-YSZ)or Ni-Gd_(0.1)Ce_(0.9)O_(2-δ)(Ni-GDC)metal-ceramic cathode faces many problems such as Ni agglomeration and carbon deposition during long-time operation.Herein,a perovskite oxide La_(0.43-x)Ca_(0.37)Ti_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(LCTN,x=0,0.05,0.1)with nanophase-LaVO_(4)exsolution was investigated as the novel cathode of solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)for efficient CO_(2)electrolysis.The results confirm that the exsolution nanophase on LCTN surface can significantly improve the CO_(2)adsorption and conversion performance.For CO_(2)electrolysis at 1.8 V,an electrolysis current density of 1.24 A/cm2at 800℃can be obtained on SOEC with La_(0.43-x)Ca_(0.37)Ti_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O_(3-δ)decorated with LaVO_(4)(LCTN-V0.05)cathode.Furthermore,the corresponding cell can maintain stable operation up to 100 h without apparent performance degradation.These results demonstrate that doping-induced second nanophase exsolution is a promising way to design high-performance SOEC cathodes for CO_(2)electrolysis.展开更多
Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)can convert electricity to chemicals with high efficiency at ~600-900℃,and have attracted widespread attention in renewable energy conversion and storage.SOECs operate in the inve...Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)can convert electricity to chemicals with high efficiency at ~600-900℃,and have attracted widespread attention in renewable energy conversion and storage.SOECs operate in the inverse mode of solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)and therefore inherit most of the advantages of SOFC materials and energy conversion processes.However,the external bias that drives the electrochemical process will strongly change the chemical environments in both in the cathode and anode,therefore necessitating careful reconsideration of key materials and electrocatalysis processes.More importantly,SOECs provide a unique advantage of electrothermal catalysis,especially in converting stable low-carbon alkanes such as methane to ethylene with high selectivity.Here,we review the state-of-the-art of SOEC research progress in electrothermal catalysis and key materials and provide a future perspective.展开更多
Solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC) is a promising electrochemical device with high efficiency for energy storage and conversion.However,the degradation of SOEC is a significant barrier to commercial viability.In this...Solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC) is a promising electrochemical device with high efficiency for energy storage and conversion.However,the degradation of SOEC is a significant barrier to commercial viability.In this review paper,the typical degradation phenomena of SOEC are summarized,with great attention into the anodes/oxygen electrodes,including the commonly used and newly developed anode materials.Meanwhile,mechanistic investigations on the electrode/electrolyte interfaces are provided to unveil how the intrinsic factor,oxygen partial pressure pO2,and the electrochemical operation conditions,affect the interracial stability of SOEC.At last,this paper also presents some emerging mitigation strategies to circumvent long-term degradation,which include novel infiltration method,development of new anode materials and engineering of the microstructure.展开更多
Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)represent a crucial stride toward sustainable hydrogen generation,and this review explores their current scientific challenges,significant advancements,and potential for large-scal...Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)represent a crucial stride toward sustainable hydrogen generation,and this review explores their current scientific challenges,significant advancements,and potential for large-scale hydrogen production.In SOEC technology,the application of innovative fabrication tech-niques,doping strategies,and advanced materials has enhanced the performance and durability of these systems,although degradation challenges persist,implicating the prime focus for future advancements.Here we provide in-depth analysis of the recent developments in SOEC technology,including Oxygen-SOECs,Proton-SOECs,and Hybrid-SOECs.Specifically,Hybrid-SOECs,with their mixed ionic conducting electrolytes,demonstrate superior efficiency and the concurrent production of hydrogen and oxygen.Coupled with the capacity to harness waste heat,these advancements in SOEC technology present signif-icant promise for pilot-scale applications in industries.The review also highlights remarkable achieve-ments and potential reductions in capital expenditure for future SOEC systems,while elaborating on the micro and macro aspects of sOECs with an emphasis on ongoing research for optimization and scal-ability.It concludes with the potential of SOEC technology to meet various industrial energy needs and its significant contribution considering the key research priorities to tackle the global energy demands,ful-fillment,and decarbonization efforts.展开更多
Considering the earth powered by intermittent renewable energy in the coming future,solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)will play an indispensable role in efficient energy conversion and storage on demand.The thermolyt...Considering the earth powered by intermittent renewable energy in the coming future,solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)will play an indispensable role in efficient energy conversion and storage on demand.The thermolytic and kinetic merits grant SOEC a bright potential to be directly integrated with electrical grid and downstream chemical synthesis process.Meanwhile,the scientific community are still endeavoring to pursue the SOEC assembled with better materials and operated at a more energy-efficient way.In this review article,at cell level,we focus on the recent development of electrolyte,cathode,anode and buffer layer materials for both steam and CO_(2)electrolysis.On the other hand,we also discuss the next generation SOEC operated with the assistant of other fuels to further reduce the energy consumption and enhance the productivity of the electrolyzer.And stack level,the sealant,interconnect and stack operation strategies are collectively covered.Finally,the challenges and future research direction in SOECs are included.展开更多
Electrochemical conversion with solid oxide electrolysis cells is a promising technology for CO2 utilization and simultaneously store renewable energy.In this work,Ce0.9M0.1O2-δ(CeM,M=Fe,Co,Ni)catalysts are infiltrat...Electrochemical conversion with solid oxide electrolysis cells is a promising technology for CO2 utilization and simultaneously store renewable energy.In this work,Ce0.9M0.1O2-δ(CeM,M=Fe,Co,Ni)catalysts are infiltrated into La0.6Sr0.4Cr0.5Fe0.5O3-δ-Gd0.2Ce0.8O2-δ(LSCr Fe-GDC)cathode to enhance the electrochemical performance for CO2 electrolysis.CeCo-LSCrFe-GDC cell obtains the best performance with a current density of 0.652 A cm^-2,followed by CeFe-LSCrFe-GDC and CeNi-LSCrFe-GDC cells with the value of 0.603 and 0.535 A cm^-2,respectively,about 2.44,2.26 and 2.01 times higher than that of the LSCrFe-GDC cell at1.5 V and 800℃.Electrochemical impedance spectra combined with distributions of relaxed times analysis shows that both CO2 adsorption process and the dissociation of CO2 at triple phase boundaries are accelerated by Ce M catalysts,while the latter is the key rate-determining step.展开更多
Stimulated by increasing environmental awareness and renewable-energy utilization capabilities,fuel cell and electrolyzer technologies have emerged to play a unique role in energy storage,conversion,and utilization.In...Stimulated by increasing environmental awareness and renewable-energy utilization capabilities,fuel cell and electrolyzer technologies have emerged to play a unique role in energy storage,conversion,and utilization.In particular,solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)are increasingly attracting the interest of researchers as a platform for the electrolysis and conversion of C1 molecules,such as carbon dioxide and methane.Compared to traditional catalysis methods,SOEC technology offers two major advantages:high energy efficiency and poisoning resistance,ensuring the long-term robustness of C1-to-fuels conversion.In this review,we focus on state-of-the-art technologies and introduce representative works on SOEC-based techniques for C1 molecule electrochemical conversion developed over the past several years,which can serve as a timely reference for designing suitable catalysts and cell processes for efficient and practical conversion of C1 molecules.The challenges and prospects are also discussed to suggest possible research directions for sustainable fuel production from C1 molecules by SOECs in the near future.展开更多
Stro ntium-doped lanthanum ferrite(LSF)is a potential ceramic cathode for direct CO_(2) electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs),but its application is limited by insufficient catalytic activity and stabi...Stro ntium-doped lanthanum ferrite(LSF)is a potential ceramic cathode for direct CO_(2) electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs),but its application is limited by insufficient catalytic activity and stability in CO_(2)-containing atmospheres.Herein,a novel strategy is proposed to enhance the electrolytic performance as well as chemical stability,achieved by doping F into the O-site of the perovskite LSF.Doping F does not change the phase structure but reduces the cell volume and improves the chemical stability in a CO_(2)-rich atmosphere.Importantly,F doping favors oxygen vacancy formation,increases oxygen vacancy concentration,and enhances the CO_(2) adsorption capability.Meanwhile,doping with F greatly improves the kinetics of the CO_(2) reduction reaction.For example,kchem increases by 78%from3.49×10^(-4) cm s^(-1) to 6.24×10^(-4) cm s^(-1),and Dchem doubles from 4.68×10^(-5) cm^(2) s^(-1) to 9.45×10^(-5)cm^(2) s^(-1).Consequently,doping F significantly increases the electrochemical performance,such as reducing R_(p) by 52.2%from 0.226Ωcm^(2) to 0.108Ωcm^(2) at 800℃.As a result,the single cell with the Fcontaining cathode exhibits an extremely high current density of 2.58 A cm^(-2) at 800℃and 1.5 V,as well as excellent durability over 200 h for direct CO_(2) electrolysis in SOECs.展开更多
Feasible construction of cathode materials with highly dispersed active sites can extend the tri‐ple‐phase boundaries,and therefore leading to enhanced electrode kinetics for CO_(2) electrolysis in solid oxide elect...Feasible construction of cathode materials with highly dispersed active sites can extend the tri‐ple‐phase boundaries,and therefore leading to enhanced electrode kinetics for CO_(2) electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC).Herein,highly dispersed nickel species with low loading(1.0 wt%)were trapped within the La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)FeO_(3)–δ‐Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(2)–δvia a facial mechanical milling ap‐proach,which demonstrated excellent CO_(2) electrolysis performance.The highly dispersed nickel species can significantly alter the electronic structures of the LSF‐SDC without affecting its porous network and facilitate oxygen vacancy formation,thus greatly promote the CO_(2) electrolysis perfor‐mance.The highest current density of 1.53 A·cm^(-2) could be achieved when operated under 800℃ at 1.6 V,which is about 91%higher than the LSF‐SDC counterpart.展开更多
Electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)into valuable fuels and chemicals has become a contemporary research area,where the heterogeneous catalyst plays a critical role.Metal nanoparticles supported on oxides performing as...Electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)into valuable fuels and chemicals has become a contemporary research area,where the heterogeneous catalyst plays a critical role.Metal nanoparticles supported on oxides performing as active sites of electrochemical reactions have been the focus of intensive investigation.Here,we review the CO_(2)reduction with active materials prepared by exsolution.The fundamental of exsolution was summarized in terms of mechanism and models,materials,and driven forces.The advances in the exsolved materials used in hightemperature CO_(2)electrolysis were catalogued into tailored interfaces,synergistic effects on alloy particles,phase transition,reversibility and electrochemical switching.展开更多
A composite interlayer comprised of gadolinia doped ceria（GDC） and Co/Fe oxide was prepared and investigated for solid oxide electrolysis cell with yttrium stabilized zirconia（YSZ） electrolyte and LaSrCoFeO（LSCF...A composite interlayer comprised of gadolinia doped ceria（GDC） and Co/Fe oxide was prepared and investigated for solid oxide electrolysis cell with yttrium stabilized zirconia（YSZ） electrolyte and LaSrCoFeO（LSCF） anode. The interlayer was constructed of a base layer of GDC and a top layer of discrete CoO/FeCoOparticles. The presence of the GDC layer drastically alleviated the undesired reactions between LSCF and YSZ, and the presence of Co/Fe oxide led to further performance improvement. At 800 °C and 45% humidity, the cell with 70% Co/Fe-GDC interlayer achieved 0.98 A/cmat 1.18 V, 14% higher than the cell without Co/Fe oxide. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS） revealed that with higher Co/Fe content, both the ohmic resistance and the polarization resistance of the cell were reduced. It is suggested that Co/Fe oxide can react with the Sr species segregated from LSCF and Sr（Co,Fe）O, a compound with high catalytic activity and electronic conductivity. The Sr-capturing ability of Co/Fe oxide in combination with the Sr-blocking ability of GDC layer can effectively suppress the undesired reaction between LSCF and YSZ, and consequently improve the cell performance.展开更多
The unique characteristics of nanofibers in rational electrode design enable effec-tive utilization and maximizing material properties for achieving highly efficient and sustainable CO_(2) reduction reactions( CO_(2)R...The unique characteristics of nanofibers in rational electrode design enable effec-tive utilization and maximizing material properties for achieving highly efficient and sustainable CO_(2) reduction reactions( CO_(2)RRs)in solid oxide elec-trolysis cells(SOECs).However,practical appli-cation of nanofiber-based electrodes faces chal-lenges in establishing sufficient interfacial contact and adhesion with the dense electrolyte.To tackle this challenge,a novel hybrid nanofiber electrode,La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.15)Fe_(0.8)Pd_(0.05)O_(3-δ)(H-LSCFP),is developed by strategically incorporating low aspect ratio crushed LSCFP nanofibers into the excess porous interspace of a high aspect ratio LSCFP nanofiber framework synthesized via electrospinning technique.After consecutive treatment in 100% H_(2) and CO_(2) at 700°C,LSCFP nanofibers form a perovskite phase with in situ exsolved Co metal nanocatalysts and a high concentration of oxygen species on the surface,enhancing CO_(2) adsorption.The SOEC with the H-LSCFP electrode yielded an outstanding current density of 2.2 A cm^(-2) in CO_(2) at 800°C and 1.5 V,setting a new benchmark among reported nanofiber-based electrodes.Digital twinning of the H-LSCFP reveals improved contact adhesion and increased reaction sites for CO_(2)RR.The present work demonstrates a highly catalytically active and robust nanofiber-based fuel electrode with a hybrid structure,paving the way for further advancements and nanofiber applications in CO_(2)-SOECs.展开更多
基金financial support from the JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B),No.21H02035KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research(Exploratory),No.21K19017+2 种基金KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas(B),No.21H05100National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.22409033 and No.22409035Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2022A1515110470.
文摘Protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells(P-SOECs)are a promising technology for water electrolysis to produce green hydrogen.However,there are still challenges related key materials and anode/electrolyte interface.P-SOECs with Zr-rich electrolyte,called Zr-rich side P-SOECs,possess high thermodynamically stability under high steam concentrations but the large reaction resistances and the current leakage,thus the inferior performances.In this study,an efficient functional interlayer Ba_(0.95)La_(0.05)Fe_(0.8)Zn_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BLFZ)in-between the anode and the electrolyte is developed.The electrochemical performances of P-SOECs are greatly enhanced because the BLFZ can greatly increase the interface contact,boost anode reaction kinetics,and increase proton injection into electrolyte.As a result,the P-SOEC yields high current density of 0.83 A cm^(-2) at 600℃ in 1.3 Vamong all the reported Zr-rich side cells.This work not only offers an efficient functional interlayer for P-SOECs but also holds the potential to achieve P-SOECs with high performances and long-term stability.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB4001401)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272190,22178023).
文摘Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)can effectively convert CO_(2)into high value-added CO fuel.In this paper,Sc-doped Sr_(2)Fe_(1.5)Mo_(0.3)Sc_(0.2)O_(6−δ)(SFMSc)perovskite oxide material is synthesized via solid-phase method as the cathode for CO_(2)electrolysis by SOECs.XRD confirms that SFMSc exhibits a stable cubic phase crystal structure.The experimental results of TPD,TG,EPR,CO_(2)-TPD further demonstrate that Sc-doping increases the concentration of oxygen vacancy in the material and the chemical adsorption capacity of CO_(2)molecules.Electrochemical tests reveal that SFMSc single cell achieves a current density of 2.26 A/cm^(2) and a lower polarization impedance of 0.32Ω·cm^(2) at 800°C under the applied voltage of 1.8 V.And no significant performance attenuation or carbon deposition is observed after 80 h continuous long-term stability test.This study provides a favorable support for the development of SOEC cathode materials with good electro-catalytic performance and stability.
基金co-supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB4002203)Baima Lake Laboratory Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LBMHY24B060003)Ningbo Key R&D Project(No.2023Z155).
文摘This work investigates the transient performance and stability of CO_(2)/H_(2)O co-electrolysis in an air-free environment using a flat-tube solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)stack.The results showed that the transient behavior of the stack with and without blowing gas into the air electrode is almost the same.With a current density of 0.67 A·cm^(-2)@750℃,the stack operated for over 200 h under co-electrolysis conditions without air blowing,and the voltage drop rate of the stack was approximately 0.203%/100 hours.Microstructure analysis revealed a significant loss of nickel particles and an apparent for-mation of an insulating phase strontium chromate(SrCrO4)on the surface of the current collection layer of the air electrode,which are identified as key factors contributing to the performance degradation of the stack.This study provides a reference for development of efficient fuel preparation technology based on SOEC stack in airless environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52472270)the Basic Research Program of Jiangsu(No.BK20243049)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2023KYJD1010).
文摘The performance of the fuel electrode in a solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)is crucial to facilitating fuel gas electrolysis and is the key determinant of overall electrolysis efficiency.Nevertheless,the commercialization of integrated CO_(2)-H_(2)O electrolysis in SOEC remains constrained by suboptimal catalytic efficiency and long-term stability limitations inherent to conventional fuel electrode architec-tures.A novel high-entropy Sr_(2)FeTi_(0.2)Cr_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)Mo_(0.2)Co_(0.2)O_(6−δ)(SFTCMMC)was proposed as a prospective electrode material of co-elec-trolysis in this work.The physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance in the co-electrolysis reaction were investigated.Full cell is capable of electrolyzing H_(2)O and CO_(2)effectively with an applied voltage.The effects of temperature,H_(2)O and CO_(2)concentra-tions,and applied voltage on the electrochemical performance of Sc_(0.18)Zr_(0.82)O_(2−δ)(SSZ)-electrolyte supported SOEC were investigated by varying the operating conditions.The SOEC obtains a favorable electrolysis current density of 1.47 A·cm^(−2)under co-electrolysis condi-tion at 850℃ with 1.5 V.Furthermore,the cell maintains stable performance for 150 h at 1.3 V,and throughout this period,no carbon de-position is detected.The promising findings suggest that the high-entropy SFTCMMC perovskite is a viable fuel electrode candidate for efficient H_(2)O/CO_(2)co-electrolysis.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12301626,No.22409033,and No.22409035)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515110612,No.2022A1515110470 and No.2024A1515011849)+1 种基金Funding by Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(No.2025A03J3089 and No.2024A04J4111)Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cells.
文摘In the global trend of vigorously developing hydrogen energy,proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells(P-SOECs)have attracted significant attention due to their advantages of high efficiency and not requiring precious metals.However,the application of P-SOECs faces challenges,particularly in developing high-performance anodes possessing both high catalytic activity and ionic conductivity.In this study,La_(0.9)Ba_(0.1)Co_(0.7)Ni_(0.3)O_(3−δ)(LBCN9173)and La_(0.9)Ba_(0.1)Co_(0.7)Ni_(0.3)O_(3−δ)(LCCN9173)oxides are tailored as promising anodes by machine learning model,achieving the synergistic enhancement of water oxidation reaction kinetics and proton conduction,which is confirmed by comprehensively analyzing experiment and density functional theory calculation results.Furthermore,the anodic reaction mechanisms for P-SOECs with these anodes are elucidated by analyzing distribution of relaxation time spectra and Gibbs energy of water oxidation reaction,manifesting that the dissociation of H_(2)O is facilitated on LBCN9173 anode.As a result,P-SOEC with LBCN9173 anode demonstrates a top-rank current density of 2.45 A cm^(−2)at 1.3 V and an extremely low polarization resistance of 0.05Ωcm^(2)at 650°C.This multi-scale,multi-faceted research approach not only discovered a high-performance anode but also proved the robust framework for the machine learning-assisted design of anodes for P-SOECs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22379133,22075256,and 52072350)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2024A1515012235).
文摘The performance of solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)for CO_(2) electrolysis is significantly impeded by the limited electrochemical activity and insufficient durability of the cathode.This study introduces a novel(LaSrPrBaCaGd)_(2)Fe_(1.5)Mo_(0.5)O_(6-δ)(LSPBCGFM)perovskite via A-site entropy engineering,to improve both activity and durability.Experimental results reveal that LSPBCGFM cathode-based SOEC achieves a current density of 1.34 A·cm^(−2) at 1.5 V and 800℃,maintaining stable operation for more than 400 h at 1.2 V with negligible degradation.Theoretical calculations suggest that the high-entropy strategy shifts the transition metal d-band center and O-2p-band center closer to the Fermi energy level simultaneously,thereby initiating more favorable CO_(2) adsorption and activation.In addition,a higher O-2p-band center promotes the formation and diffusion of oxygen vacancies.The findings of this study provide crucial insights into the role of conformational entropy strategies in CO_(2) electrolysis and offer potential pathways for the development of highly efficient and stable catalysts.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA0400000)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Program(No.21DZ1207700)+4 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2024YFF0506300,2024YFB4106400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22209200)Shanghai Sailing Program(No.22YF1457700)the Major Science and Technology Projects of China National Offshore Oil Corporation Limited during the 14th Five Year Plan(No.KJGG-2022-12-CCUS-030500)the Industrial Fund of Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.1124100602)。
文摘Due to the microstructural degradation of fuel electrodes,high cycling stability and catalytic activity remain a significant barrier for solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOEC).Perovskite materials exhibit favorable mixed conductivity and redox stability as cathode materials,but their catalytic activity is not ideal.This study systematically investigates the structural,morphological,and electrochemical properties of cobalt doping in the Pr_(0.4)Sr_(0.6)Co_(xF)e_(1-x)O_(3-δ)(PSC_(x)F)system,characterized using scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,CO_(2)-temperature-programmed desorption,and Raman spectroscopy.The effect of cobalt-doping concentration on the electrochemical properties was further investigated.The electrochemical performance evaluation demonstrates that the optimal is achieved with a cob alt-doping ratio of 0.1.At 800℃and 1.5 V,the CO_(2)electrolysis current density of the PSC_(0.1)F-Gd_(0.1)Ce_(0.9)O_(2-δ)(GDC)IGDCISc_(0.1)Zr_(0.9)O_(2-δ)|IGDCILa_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3+δ)full cell reaches 1.37 A·cm^(-2),approximately 34.3%higher than that of electrodes without cobalt doping.Furthermore,the electrode maintains stability for over 100 h at 800℃and 1.3 V.This work offers new insights into how metal doping can be applied to regulate electrode structures,thereby providing enhanced performance and stability for perovskite-based fuel electrodes.
基金supported by the Pilot Group Program of the Research Fund for International Senior Scientists(No.22350710789)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.22109182)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2022JJ30684)the Start-up Funding of Central South University(No.206030104)supported in part by the High-Performance Computing Center of Central South University。
文摘The rising level of CO_(2) concentration in the atmosphere poses major threats to the global climate and environment.Various technologies have been developed to mitigate its negative effects through nonconversion and conversion routes.Particularly,solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs),as a promising technology with the highest energy efficiency,have garnered considerable attention for their effectiveness to electrochemically convert CO_(2) into high-value fuels.However,the insufficient catalytic activity,poor longterm stability,and high costs have significantly hindered the industrial-scale application of SOECs.To this end,substantial efforts,with an emphasis on the smart design of targeting electrode materials for specific applications have been devoted to advancing the electrosynthesis of high-value fuels from CO_(2) in various SOECs,but there still lacks a critical and comprehensive review in-depth discussing the fundamentals,and summarizing the latest advances in various applications and electrode materials for electrochemically converting CO_(2) to high-value fuels in SOECs.This review thus aims to fill this gap by focusing on the fundamentals(i.e.,SOEC working principles,thermodynamics,kinetics and representative evaluation parameters),specific applications(i.e.,pure CO_(2) electrolysis,CO_(2)-H_(2)O co-electrolysis,fuel-assisted CO_(2) conversion),and material selection criteria(i.e.,cathodic materials for CO_(2) conversion,and anodic materials for fuel-assisted CO_(2) conversion).In addition,the challenges that this technology is currently facing,and our perspectives on electrochemical CO_(2) conversion in SOECs are proposed to guide the smart design of high-performance electrocatalysts and future industrial-scale application of SOECs for electrosynthesizing high-value fuels from CO_(2).
基金Project supported by the National Key Research&Development Project(2023YFB4006001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172199)。
文摘CO_(2)electrolysis using solid oxide electrolysis cells is a promising technology for CO_(2)utilization and conversion,which has attracted more and more attention in recent years because of its extremely high efficiency.However,traditional Ni-yttria-stabilized zirconia(Ni-YSZ)or Ni-Gd_(0.1)Ce_(0.9)O_(2-δ)(Ni-GDC)metal-ceramic cathode faces many problems such as Ni agglomeration and carbon deposition during long-time operation.Herein,a perovskite oxide La_(0.43-x)Ca_(0.37)Ti_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(LCTN,x=0,0.05,0.1)with nanophase-LaVO_(4)exsolution was investigated as the novel cathode of solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)for efficient CO_(2)electrolysis.The results confirm that the exsolution nanophase on LCTN surface can significantly improve the CO_(2)adsorption and conversion performance.For CO_(2)electrolysis at 1.8 V,an electrolysis current density of 1.24 A/cm2at 800℃can be obtained on SOEC with La_(0.43-x)Ca_(0.37)Ti_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O_(3-δ)decorated with LaVO_(4)(LCTN-V0.05)cathode.Furthermore,the corresponding cell can maintain stable operation up to 100 h without apparent performance degradation.These results demonstrate that doping-induced second nanophase exsolution is a promising way to design high-performance SOEC cathodes for CO_(2)electrolysis.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0700102)Natural Science Foundation of China(91845202)+3 种基金Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(DNL180404)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB2000000)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2018J01088)State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry(20170011,20200012)。
文摘Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)can convert electricity to chemicals with high efficiency at ~600-900℃,and have attracted widespread attention in renewable energy conversion and storage.SOECs operate in the inverse mode of solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)and therefore inherit most of the advantages of SOFC materials and energy conversion processes.However,the external bias that drives the electrochemical process will strongly change the chemical environments in both in the cathode and anode,therefore necessitating careful reconsideration of key materials and electrocatalysis processes.More importantly,SOECs provide a unique advantage of electrothermal catalysis,especially in converting stable low-carbon alkanes such as methane to ethylene with high selectivity.Here,we review the state-of-the-art of SOEC research progress in electrothermal catalysis and key materials and provide a future perspective.
基金This work is partially supported by U.S.Department of Energy under the contract number DE-EE0008378the Technology Managers Drs.Eric Miller and David Peterson for the technical guidance and financial support。
文摘Solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC) is a promising electrochemical device with high efficiency for energy storage and conversion.However,the degradation of SOEC is a significant barrier to commercial viability.In this review paper,the typical degradation phenomena of SOEC are summarized,with great attention into the anodes/oxygen electrodes,including the commonly used and newly developed anode materials.Meanwhile,mechanistic investigations on the electrode/electrolyte interfaces are provided to unveil how the intrinsic factor,oxygen partial pressure pO2,and the electrochemical operation conditions,affect the interracial stability of SOEC.At last,this paper also presents some emerging mitigation strategies to circumvent long-term degradation,which include novel infiltration method,development of new anode materials and engineering of the microstructure.
基金the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Green Hydrogen Production,the Québec Ministere de I'Economie,de I'lnnovation et de I'Energie(MEIE)[Développement de catalyseurs et d'electrodes innovants,a faibles couts,performants et durables pour la production d'hydrogene vert,funding reference number 00393501]。
文摘Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)represent a crucial stride toward sustainable hydrogen generation,and this review explores their current scientific challenges,significant advancements,and potential for large-scale hydrogen production.In SOEC technology,the application of innovative fabrication tech-niques,doping strategies,and advanced materials has enhanced the performance and durability of these systems,although degradation challenges persist,implicating the prime focus for future advancements.Here we provide in-depth analysis of the recent developments in SOEC technology,including Oxygen-SOECs,Proton-SOECs,and Hybrid-SOECs.Specifically,Hybrid-SOECs,with their mixed ionic conducting electrolytes,demonstrate superior efficiency and the concurrent production of hydrogen and oxygen.Coupled with the capacity to harness waste heat,these advancements in SOEC technology present signif-icant promise for pilot-scale applications in industries.The review also highlights remarkable achieve-ments and potential reductions in capital expenditure for future SOEC systems,while elaborating on the micro and macro aspects of sOECs with an emphasis on ongoing research for optimization and scal-ability.It concludes with the potential of SOEC technology to meet various industrial energy needs and its significant contribution considering the key research priorities to tackle the global energy demands,ful-fillment,and decarbonization efforts.
基金supported financially by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(No.2018YFE0124700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22272136,22102135,22202041,22172129,52072134,U1910209,51876181 and 51972128)+2 种基金Science and Technology Projects of Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province(IKKEM)(No.HRTP-[2022]-23)and Hubei Province(Nos.2021CBA149 and 2021CFA072)the financial support from Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2022A1515010069 and 2020A1515110904)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2021J01212759)。
文摘Considering the earth powered by intermittent renewable energy in the coming future,solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)will play an indispensable role in efficient energy conversion and storage on demand.The thermolytic and kinetic merits grant SOEC a bright potential to be directly integrated with electrical grid and downstream chemical synthesis process.Meanwhile,the scientific community are still endeavoring to pursue the SOEC assembled with better materials and operated at a more energy-efficient way.In this review article,at cell level,we focus on the recent development of electrolyte,cathode,anode and buffer layer materials for both steam and CO_(2)electrolysis.On the other hand,we also discuss the next generation SOEC operated with the assistant of other fuels to further reduce the energy consumption and enhance the productivity of the electrolyzer.And stack level,the sealant,interconnect and stack operation strategies are collectively covered.Finally,the challenges and future research direction in SOECs are included.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 91534128, 21506208 and 21476230)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grants 2016YFE0118300)the DNL Cooperation Fund, CAS (DNL180306)
文摘Electrochemical conversion with solid oxide electrolysis cells is a promising technology for CO2 utilization and simultaneously store renewable energy.In this work,Ce0.9M0.1O2-δ(CeM,M=Fe,Co,Ni)catalysts are infiltrated into La0.6Sr0.4Cr0.5Fe0.5O3-δ-Gd0.2Ce0.8O2-δ(LSCr Fe-GDC)cathode to enhance the electrochemical performance for CO2 electrolysis.CeCo-LSCrFe-GDC cell obtains the best performance with a current density of 0.652 A cm^-2,followed by CeFe-LSCrFe-GDC and CeNi-LSCrFe-GDC cells with the value of 0.603 and 0.535 A cm^-2,respectively,about 2.44,2.26 and 2.01 times higher than that of the LSCrFe-GDC cell at1.5 V and 800℃.Electrochemical impedance spectra combined with distributions of relaxed times analysis shows that both CO2 adsorption process and the dissociation of CO2 at triple phase boundaries are accelerated by Ce M catalysts,while the latter is the key rate-determining step.
文摘Stimulated by increasing environmental awareness and renewable-energy utilization capabilities,fuel cell and electrolyzer technologies have emerged to play a unique role in energy storage,conversion,and utilization.In particular,solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)are increasingly attracting the interest of researchers as a platform for the electrolysis and conversion of C1 molecules,such as carbon dioxide and methane.Compared to traditional catalysis methods,SOEC technology offers two major advantages:high energy efficiency and poisoning resistance,ensuring the long-term robustness of C1-to-fuels conversion.In this review,we focus on state-of-the-art technologies and introduce representative works on SOEC-based techniques for C1 molecule electrochemical conversion developed over the past several years,which can serve as a timely reference for designing suitable catalysts and cell processes for efficient and practical conversion of C1 molecules.The challenges and prospects are also discussed to suggest possible research directions for sustainable fuel production from C1 molecules by SOECs in the near future.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB4001401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972298)。
文摘Stro ntium-doped lanthanum ferrite(LSF)is a potential ceramic cathode for direct CO_(2) electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs),but its application is limited by insufficient catalytic activity and stability in CO_(2)-containing atmospheres.Herein,a novel strategy is proposed to enhance the electrolytic performance as well as chemical stability,achieved by doping F into the O-site of the perovskite LSF.Doping F does not change the phase structure but reduces the cell volume and improves the chemical stability in a CO_(2)-rich atmosphere.Importantly,F doping favors oxygen vacancy formation,increases oxygen vacancy concentration,and enhances the CO_(2) adsorption capability.Meanwhile,doping with F greatly improves the kinetics of the CO_(2) reduction reaction.For example,kchem increases by 78%from3.49×10^(-4) cm s^(-1) to 6.24×10^(-4) cm s^(-1),and Dchem doubles from 4.68×10^(-5) cm^(2) s^(-1) to 9.45×10^(-5)cm^(2) s^(-1).Consequently,doping F significantly increases the electrochemical performance,such as reducing R_(p) by 52.2%from 0.226Ωcm^(2) to 0.108Ωcm^(2) at 800℃.As a result,the single cell with the Fcontaining cathode exhibits an extremely high current density of 2.58 A cm^(-2) at 800℃and 1.5 V,as well as excellent durability over 200 h for direct CO_(2) electrolysis in SOECs.
文摘Feasible construction of cathode materials with highly dispersed active sites can extend the tri‐ple‐phase boundaries,and therefore leading to enhanced electrode kinetics for CO_(2) electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC).Herein,highly dispersed nickel species with low loading(1.0 wt%)were trapped within the La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)FeO_(3)–δ‐Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(2)–δvia a facial mechanical milling ap‐proach,which demonstrated excellent CO_(2) electrolysis performance.The highly dispersed nickel species can significantly alter the electronic structures of the LSF‐SDC without affecting its porous network and facilitate oxygen vacancy formation,thus greatly promote the CO_(2) electrolysis perfor‐mance.The highest current density of 1.53 A·cm^(-2) could be achieved when operated under 800℃ at 1.6 V,which is about 91%higher than the LSF‐SDC counterpart.
基金This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA0718900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSCF52102137)+1 种基金We also appreciate the support from Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program and Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization(RERU2022006EPSRC)the Institute for Guo Qiang,Tsinghua University(2020GQG1003).
文摘Electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)into valuable fuels and chemicals has become a contemporary research area,where the heterogeneous catalyst plays a critical role.Metal nanoparticles supported on oxides performing as active sites of electrochemical reactions have been the focus of intensive investigation.Here,we review the CO_(2)reduction with active materials prepared by exsolution.The fundamental of exsolution was summarized in terms of mechanism and models,materials,and driven forces.The advances in the exsolved materials used in hightemperature CO_(2)electrolysis were catalogued into tailored interfaces,synergistic effects on alloy particles,phase transition,reversibility and electrochemical switching.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21506208, 21476230 and 21376238)DICP DMTO201405
文摘A composite interlayer comprised of gadolinia doped ceria（GDC） and Co/Fe oxide was prepared and investigated for solid oxide electrolysis cell with yttrium stabilized zirconia（YSZ） electrolyte and LaSrCoFeO（LSCF） anode. The interlayer was constructed of a base layer of GDC and a top layer of discrete CoO/FeCoOparticles. The presence of the GDC layer drastically alleviated the undesired reactions between LSCF and YSZ, and the presence of Co/Fe oxide led to further performance improvement. At 800 °C and 45% humidity, the cell with 70% Co/Fe-GDC interlayer achieved 0.98 A/cmat 1.18 V, 14% higher than the cell without Co/Fe oxide. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS） revealed that with higher Co/Fe content, both the ohmic resistance and the polarization resistance of the cell were reduced. It is suggested that Co/Fe oxide can react with the Sr species segregated from LSCF and Sr（Co,Fe）O, a compound with high catalytic activity and electronic conductivity. The Sr-capturing ability of Co/Fe oxide in combination with the Sr-blocking ability of GDC layer can effectively suppress the undesired reaction between LSCF and YSZ, and consequently improve the cell performance.
基金This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean Government(MSIT)(2019M3E6A1103944,2020R1A2C2010690).
文摘The unique characteristics of nanofibers in rational electrode design enable effec-tive utilization and maximizing material properties for achieving highly efficient and sustainable CO_(2) reduction reactions( CO_(2)RRs)in solid oxide elec-trolysis cells(SOECs).However,practical appli-cation of nanofiber-based electrodes faces chal-lenges in establishing sufficient interfacial contact and adhesion with the dense electrolyte.To tackle this challenge,a novel hybrid nanofiber electrode,La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.15)Fe_(0.8)Pd_(0.05)O_(3-δ)(H-LSCFP),is developed by strategically incorporating low aspect ratio crushed LSCFP nanofibers into the excess porous interspace of a high aspect ratio LSCFP nanofiber framework synthesized via electrospinning technique.After consecutive treatment in 100% H_(2) and CO_(2) at 700°C,LSCFP nanofibers form a perovskite phase with in situ exsolved Co metal nanocatalysts and a high concentration of oxygen species on the surface,enhancing CO_(2) adsorption.The SOEC with the H-LSCFP electrode yielded an outstanding current density of 2.2 A cm^(-2) in CO_(2) at 800°C and 1.5 V,setting a new benchmark among reported nanofiber-based electrodes.Digital twinning of the H-LSCFP reveals improved contact adhesion and increased reaction sites for CO_(2)RR.The present work demonstrates a highly catalytically active and robust nanofiber-based fuel electrode with a hybrid structure,paving the way for further advancements and nanofiber applications in CO_(2)-SOECs.
