The electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),driven by renewable energy,provides a potential carbon-neutral avenue to convert CO_(2)into valuable fuels and feedstocks.Conversion of CO_(2)into formic acid/for...The electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),driven by renewable energy,provides a potential carbon-neutral avenue to convert CO_(2)into valuable fuels and feedstocks.Conversion of CO_(2)into formic acid/formate is considered one of the economical and feasible methods,owing to their high energy densities,and ease of distribution and storage.The separation of formic acid/formate from the reaction mixtures accounts for the majority of the overall CO_(2)RR process cost,while the increment of product concentration can lead to the reduction of separation cost,remarkably.In this paper,we give an overview of recent strategies for highly concentrated formic acid/formate products in CO_(2)RR.CO_(2)RR is a complex process with several different products,as it has different intermediates and reaction pathways.Therefore,this review focuses on recent study strategies that can enhance targeted formic acid/formate yield,such as the all-solid-state reactor design to deliver a high concentration of products during the reduction of CO_(2)in the electrolyzer.Firstly,some novel electrolyzers are introduced as an engineering strategy to improve the concentration of the formic acid/formate and reduce the cost of downstream separations.Also,the design of planar and gas diffusion electrodes(GDEs)with the potential to deliver high-concentration formic acid/formate in CO_(2)RR is summarized.Finally,the existing technological challenges are highlighted,and further research recommendations to achieve high-concentration products in CO_(2)RR.This review can provide some inspiration for future research to further improve the product concentration and economic benefits of CO_(2)RR.展开更多
To meet the demand for the machining of blisks with narrow cascade channels and twisted blade profiles,especially integral shrouded blisks with shrouds,this paper innovatively proposes a method for dynamic deformation...To meet the demand for the machining of blisks with narrow cascade channels and twisted blade profiles,especially integral shrouded blisks with shrouds,this paper innovatively proposes a method for dynamic deformation electrochemical cutting of flexible electrodes with arrayed group slit structure.By applying torque to both ends of the flexible electrode,the proposed method produces bending deformation and realizes the processing of a twisted profile.The flexible electrode is an important carrier of this method,and its properties such as elasticity,rigidity,and flow field uniformity have a crucial impact on smooth processing.Therefore,this paper proposes a design theory of flexible electrodes with an arrayed group slit structure and designs flexible electrodes with variable cross-sections.Compared with traditional uniform section tube electrode,the designed flexible electrode was subjected to the corresponding mechanical simulation,flow field simulation,and fluid–structure interaction simulation to investigate the elasticity,rigidity,and flow field uniformity of the flexible electrode.In addition,a deformation device of flexible electrodes was constructed and the corresponding experiments were carried out.Simulations and experiments demonstrate that flexible electrodes with arrayed group slit structures have good comprehensive performance.Finally,typical components were successfully machined to verify the feasibility of the proposed method and the rationality of the designed flexible electrode.It is shown that the proposed method has great potential for the machining of distorted profiles and provides a new idea for the machining of complex profiles.展开更多
An ever-increasing market demand has stimulated the soaring enthusiasm of researchers to develop wide-temperature supercapacitors(SCs).The active electrode is one of the most important parts of SC,which is directly re...An ever-increasing market demand has stimulated the soaring enthusiasm of researchers to develop wide-temperature supercapacitors(SCs).The active electrode is one of the most important parts of SC,which is directly related to the energy density,power transmission and long-term cyclability of the device in the wide-temperature environment.Compared with the SC electrodes aimed for room-temperature application,the SC electrodes for operating at wide-temperature scene often face greater challenges.In this review,the main challenges of SC electrodes under various temperature conditions,including low,high and cross-fade temperatures,are summarized.The relevant performance decay and failure mechanisms of wide-temperature SC electrodes are analyzed.In addition,this review deals with the recent studies and developments in robust wide-temperature SC electrodes with respect to the rational design of electrode structures and the exploitation of advanced active materials.Finally,the future directions for exploring reliable wide-temperature SCs are also proposed.展开更多
Numerical simulations of electrostatic precipitators featuring wire and spiked electrode designs were performed to determine particle behavior and separation efficiency. The applied-voltage mechanism that alters the f...Numerical simulations of electrostatic precipitators featuring wire and spiked electrode designs were performed to determine particle behavior and separation efficiency. The applied-voltage mechanism that alters the flow structure of particles through ionic winds and mean electric fields are revealed. Numeri- cal studies throughout the past years have shown these structures for channel and pipe configurations. However, less attention was given to field averaging for the ni,~r-product and electric field. Our study focuses on this averaging and illustrates relevant differences between multidimensional setups concern- ~ng these fields. Turbulence was modeled using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with a second-order Reynolds-stress-model closure. A high three-dimensionality of the ionic wind-induced turbulence is presented. This leads to an increase in the submicron-particle precipitation rate. The results confirm the dependence of separation efficiency on particle density and permittivity, thereby showing the advantages of spiked wires compared with wire-plate setups used in electrostatic precipitators.展开更多
The coating on the electrodes contains many kinds of raw materials which affect significantly on the mechanical properties of deposited metals. It is still a problem how to predict and control the mechanical propertie...The coating on the electrodes contains many kinds of raw materials which affect significantly on the mechanical properties of deposited metals. It is still a problem how to predict and control the mechanical properties of deposited metals directly according to the components of coating on the electrodes. In this paper an electrode intelligent design system is developed by means of fuzzy neural network technology and genetic algorithm,, dynamic link library, object linking and embedding and multithreading. The front-end application and customer interface of the system is realized by using visual C ＋＋ program language and taking SQL Server 2000 as background database. It realizes series functions including automatic design of electrode formula, intelligent prediction of electrode properties, inquiry of electrode information, output of process report based on normalized template and electronic storage and search of relative files.展开更多
All-solid-state batteries(ASSBs)are a promising next-generation energy storage solution due to their high energy density and enhanced safety.To achieve this,specialized electrode designs are required to efficiently en...All-solid-state batteries(ASSBs)are a promising next-generation energy storage solution due to their high energy density and enhanced safety.To achieve this,specialized electrode designs are required to efficiently enhance interparticle lithium-ion transport between solid components.In particular,for active materials with high specific capacity,such as silicon,their volume expansion and shrinkage must be carefully controlled to maintain mechanical interface stability,which is crucial for effective lithium-ion transport in ASSBs.Herein,we propose a mechanical stress-tolerant all-solid-state graphite/silicon electrode design to ensure stable lithium-ion diffusion at the interface through morphology control of active material particles.Plate-type graphite with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio is used to maximize the dispersion of silicon within the electrode.The carefully designed electrode can accommodate the volume changes of silicon,ensuring stable capacity retention over cycles.Additionally,spherical graphite is shown to contribute to improved rate performance by providing an efficient lithium-ion diffusion pathway within the electrode.Therefore,the synergistic effect of our electrode structure offers balanced electrochemical performance,providing practical insights into the mechano-electrochemical interactions essential for designing highperformance all-solid-state electrodes.展开更多
Based on the method of artificial neural network, a new approach has been devised to predict the mechanical property of E4303 electrode. The outlined predication model for determining the mechanical property of electr...Based on the method of artificial neural network, a new approach has been devised to predict the mechanical property of E4303 electrode. The outlined predication model for determining the mechanical property of electrode was built upon the production data. The research leverages a back propagation algorithm as the neural network’s learning rule. The result indicates that there are positive correlations between the predicted results and the practical production data. Hence, using the neural network, predication of electrode property can be realized. For the first time, this research provides a more scientific method for designing electrode.展开更多
Layered double hydroxides(LDHs), as a class of typical two-dimensional materials, have sparked increasing interest in the field of energy storage and conversion. In the last few years, the research about LDHs as elect...Layered double hydroxides(LDHs), as a class of typical two-dimensional materials, have sparked increasing interest in the field of energy storage and conversion. In the last few years, the research about LDHs as electrode active materials has seen much progress in terms of structure designing, material synthesis, properties tailoring, and applications. In this review, we focus on the integrated nanostructural electrodes(INEs) construction using LDH materials, including pristine LDH-INEs, hybrid LDH-INEs, and LDH derivativeINEs, as well as the performance advantages and applications of LDH-INEs.Moreover, in the final section, the insights about challenges and prospective in this promising research field were concluded, especially in regulation of intrinsic activity and uncovering of structure–activity relationship, which would push forward the development of this fast-growing field.展开更多
Micron-sized silicon(μSi)is a promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity,low cost,and abundant reserves.However,the volume expansion that occurs during cyclin...Micron-sized silicon(μSi)is a promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity,low cost,and abundant reserves.However,the volume expansion that occurs during cycling leads to the accumulation of undesirable stresses,resulting in pulverization of silicon microparticles and shortened lifespan of the batteries.Herein,a composite film of Cu-PET-Cu is proposed as the current collector(CC)forμSi anodes to replace the conventional Cu CC.Cu-PET-Cu CC is prepared by depositing Cu on both sides of a polyethylene terephthalate(PET)film.The PET layer promises good ductility of the film,permitting the Cu-PET-Cu CC to accommodate the volumetric changes of silicon microparticles and facilitates the stress release through ductile deformation.As a result,theμSi electrode with Cu-PET-Cu CC retains a high specific capacity of 2181 mA h g^(-1),whereas theμSi electrode with Cu CC(μSi/Cu)exhibits a specific capacity of 1285 mA h g^(-1)after 80 cycles.The stress relieving effect of CuPET-Cu was demonstrated by in-situ fiber optic stress monitoring and multi-physics simulations.This work proposes an effective stress relief strategy at the electrode level for the practical implementation ofμSi anodes.展开更多
Photo-assisted Li-O2 batteries(LOBs)have remained a prominent and growing field over the past several years.However,the presence of slow oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),large charging ...Photo-assisted Li-O2 batteries(LOBs)have remained a prominent and growing field over the past several years.However,the presence of slow oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),large charging and discharging overpotentials,and unstable cycle life lead to low energy efficiency,thus limiting their commercial application.The rational design and synthesis of photocathode materials are effective ways to solve the above existing problems of photo-assisted LOB systems.Herein,the recent advances in the design and preparation of photocathode materials for photo-assisted LOBs were summarized in this review.First,we summarize the basic principles and comprehension of the reaction mechanism for photo-assisted LOBs.The second part introduces the latest research progress on photocathode materials.The third section describes the relationship between the structureproperties and electrochemistry of different photocathodes.In addition,attempts to construct efficient photocathode materials for photo-assisted LOBs through vacancy engineering,localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR),and heterojunction engineering are mainly discussed.Finally,a discussion of attempts to construct efficient photocathode materials using other approaches is also presented.This work will motivate the preparation of stable and efficient photocathode materials for photo-assisted LOBs and aims to promote the commercial application of rechargeable photo-assisted LOBs energy storage.展开更多
With electric vehicles(EVs)emerging as a primary mode of transportation,ensuring their reliable operation in harsh environments is crucial.However,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)suffer from severe polarization at low temp...With electric vehicles(EVs)emerging as a primary mode of transportation,ensuring their reliable operation in harsh environments is crucial.However,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)suffer from severe polarization at low temperatures,limiting their operation in cold climates.In addition,difficulties in discovering new battery materials have highlighted a growing demand for innovative electrode designs that achieve high performance,even at low temperatu res.To address this issue,we prepared a thin,resistive,and patterned carbon interlayer on the anode current collector.This carbon-patterned layer(CPL)serves as a self-heating layer to efficiently elevate the entire cell temperature,thus improving the rate capability and cyclability at low temperatures while maintaining the performance at room temperature.Furthermore,we validated the versatile applicability of CPLs to large-format LIB cells through experimental studies and electrochemo-thermal multiphysics modeling and simulations,with the results confirming 11%capacity enhancement in 21,700 cylindrical cells at a 0.5C-rate and-24℃.We expect this electrode design to offer reliable power delivery in harsh climates,thereby potentially expanding the applications of LIBs.展开更多
The increasing demand for high-capacity energy storage,spurred by the growth of renewable energy,has accelerated the pursuit of cost-effective and sustainable aqueous zinc-ion batteries as a viable alternative to trad...The increasing demand for high-capacity energy storage,spurred by the growth of renewable energy,has accelerated the pursuit of cost-effective and sustainable aqueous zinc-ion batteries as a viable alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries.In this study,a cation-anion coordination cathode material(Zn-MnO_(2)F_(X))is proposed,which regulates the central valence state of Mn ions by covalently anchoring manganese oxides with Zn ions and F ions to inhibit Jahn-Teller distortion and manganese dissolution.展开更多
Sodium-ion capacitors(SICs)are extremely promising due to the combined merits of high energy-power characteristics and considerable price advantage.However,it is still difficult to achieve high energypower outputs and...Sodium-ion capacitors(SICs)are extremely promising due to the combined merits of high energy-power characteristics and considerable price advantage.However,it is still difficult to achieve high energypower outputs and cycle stability in a typical configuration of the metal-based battery-type anode and activated carbon capacitor-type cathode due to the kinetic mismatching.In this work,a carbon nanosheet(PSCS-600)with large interlayer spacing of 0.41 nm derived from the bio-waste pine cone shell was prepared.Besides,the covalent triazine framework derived carbon(OPDN-CTF-A)was obtained through ionothermal synthesis strategy,exhibiting beneficial hierarchical pores(0.5-6 nm)and high heteroatoms(5.6 at%N,6.6 at%O).On this basis,the all-carbon SICs were fabricated by the integration of PSCS-600 anode and OPDN-CTF-A cathode.The device delivered high energy density 111 Wh kg^(-1),high power output of 14,200 W kg^(-1) and ultra-stable cycling life(~90.7%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles).This work provides new ideas in fabricating carbon-carbon architectural SICs with high energy storage for practical application.展开更多
In the process of electrocatalytic water splitting, the management of gaseous products is an important task. Timely detachment of gaseous products from the electrode surface and the electrolyte is beneficial to the re...In the process of electrocatalytic water splitting, the management of gaseous products is an important task. Timely detachment of gaseous products from the electrode surface and the electrolyte is beneficial to the reduction of energy consumption of the electrolytic cell. In the existing industrial electrolytic cells, the circulating pump drives the electrolyte flowing to discharge the gaseous products. Up to now, several much more advanced strategies have been explored to deal with the negative effects of bubbles. In this review, we summarized various strategies for bubble detachment, including electrode design, external field imposing and system upgrading. We also elaborated the principle, functional features, practicability, advantages and limitations of each method. Finally, challenges and perspectives are also provided for the further development of advanced bubbles detachment strategies for efficient hydrogen evolution.展开更多
Adopting a nano-and micro-structuring approach to fully unleashing the genuine potential of electrode active material benefits in-depth understandings and research progress toward higher energy density electrochemical...Adopting a nano-and micro-structuring approach to fully unleashing the genuine potential of electrode active material benefits in-depth understandings and research progress toward higher energy density electrochemical energy stor-age devices at all technology readiness levels.Due to various challenging issues,especially limited stability,nano-and micro-structured(NMS)electrodes undergo fast electrochemical performance degradation.The emerging NMS scaffold design is a pivotal aspect of many electrodes as it endows them with both robustness and electrochemical performance enhancement,even though it only occupies comple-mentary and facilitating components for the main mechanism.However,extensive efforts are urgently needed toward optimizing the stereoscopic geometrical design of NMS scaffolds to minimize the volume ratio and maximize their functionality to fulfill the ever-increasing dependency and desire for energy power source supplies.This review will aim at highlighting these NMS scaffold design strategies,summariz-ing their corresponding strengths and challenges,and thereby outlining the potential solutions to resolve these challenges,design principles,and key perspectives for future research in this field.Therefore,this review will be one of the earliest reviews from this viewpoint.展开更多
This review addresses the growing interest for potassium-ion full-cells(KIFCs)in view of the transition from potassium-ion half-cells(KIHCs)toward commercial K-ion batteries(KIBs).It focuses on the key parameters of K...This review addresses the growing interest for potassium-ion full-cells(KIFCs)in view of the transition from potassium-ion half-cells(KIHCs)toward commercial K-ion batteries(KIBs).It focuses on the key parameters of KIFCs such as the electrode/electrolyte interfaces challenge,major barriers,and recent advancements in KIFCs.The strategies for enhancing KIFC performance,including interfaces co ntrol,electrolyte optimization,electrodes capacity ratio,electrode material screening and electrode design,are discussed.The review highlights the need to evaluate KIBs in full-cell configurations as half-cell results are strongly impacted by the K metal reactivity.It also emphasizes the importance of understanding solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formation in KIFCs and explores promising nonaqueous as well as quasiand all-solid-state electrolytes options.This review thus paves the way for practical,cost-effective,and scalable KIBs as energy storage systems by offering insights and guidance for future research.展开更多
The sensitivities of betavoltaic batteries and photovoltaic batteries to series and parallel resistance are studied.Based on the study,an electrode pattern design principle of GaAs betavoltaic batteries is proposed.Ga...The sensitivities of betavoltaic batteries and photovoltaic batteries to series and parallel resistance are studied.Based on the study,an electrode pattern design principle of GaAs betavoltaic batteries is proposed.GaAs PIN junctions with and without the proposed electrode pattern are fabricated and measured under the illumination of ^（63）Ni.Results show that the proposed electrode can reduce the backscattering and shadowing for the beta particles from ^（63）Ni to increase the GaAs betavoltaic battery short circuit currents effectively but has little impact on the fill factors and ideal factors.展开更多
The poor electronic conductivity of conversion-type materials(CMs)and the dissolution/diffusion loss of transition metal(TM)ions in electrodes seriously hinder the practical applications of potassium ion batteries.Sim...The poor electronic conductivity of conversion-type materials(CMs)and the dissolution/diffusion loss of transition metal(TM)ions in electrodes seriously hinder the practical applications of potassium ion batteries.Simply optimizing the electrode materials or designing the electrode components is no longer effective in improving the performance of CMs.Binders,as one of the elec-trode components,play a vital role in improving the electrochemical per-formance of batteries.Here we rationally designed FeF_(2) electrodes for the first time by optimizing electrode materials with the introduction of carbon na-notubes(CNTs)and combined with a sodium alginate(SA)binder based on strong interactions.We show that the FeF_(2)@CNTs-SA cathode does not suffer from TM ion dissolution and delivers a high capacity of 184.7 mAh g^(-1) at 10 mA g^(-1).Moreover,the capacity of FeF_(2)@CNTs-SA is as high as 99.2 mAh g^(-1) after 100 cycles at 100 mA g^(-1),which is a twofold increase compared to FeF_(2)@CNTs-PVDF.After calculating the average capacity decay rate per cycle of them,we find that FeF_(2)@CNTs-SA is about one-third lower than FeF_(2)@CNTs-PVDF.Therefore,the SA binder can be broadly used for electrodes comprising several CMs,providing meaningful insights into mechanisms that lead to their improved electrochemical performances.展开更多
Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been regarded as one of the alternatives to lithium ion batteries owing to their wide availability and significantly low cost of sodium sources.However,they face serious challenges of lo...Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been regarded as one of the alternatives to lithium ion batteries owing to their wide availability and significantly low cost of sodium sources.However,they face serious challenges of low energy&power density and short cycling lifespan owing to the heavy mass and large radius of Na^(+).Vanadium-based polyanionic compounds have advantageous characteristic of high operating voltage,high ionic conductivity and robust structural framework,which is conducive to their high energy&power density and long lifespan for SIBs.In this review,we will overview the latest V-based polyanionic compounds,along with the respective characteristic from the intrinsic crystal structure to performance presentation and improvement for SIBs.One of the most important aspect is to discover the essential problems existed in the present V-based polyanionic compounds for high-energy&power applications,and point out most suitable solutions from the crystal structure modulation,interface tailoring and electrode configuration design.Moreover,some scientific issues of V-based polyanionic compounds shall be also proposed and related future direction shall be provided.We believe that this review can serve as a motivation for further development of novel V-based polyanionic compounds and drive them toward high energy&power applications in the near future.展开更多
Owing to high power density and long cycle life,micro-supercapacitors(MSCs)are regarded as a prevalent energy storage unit for miniaturized electronics in modern life.A major bottleneck is achieving enhanced energy de...Owing to high power density and long cycle life,micro-supercapacitors(MSCs)are regarded as a prevalent energy storage unit for miniaturized electronics in modern life.A major bottleneck is achieving enhanced energy density without sacrificing both power density and cycle life.To this end,designing electrodes in a“smart”way has emerged as an effective strategy to achieve a trade-off between the energy and power densities of MSCs.In the past few years,considerable research efforts have been devoted to exploring new electrode materials for high capacitance,but designing clever configurations for electrodes has rarely been investigated from a structural point of view,which is also important for MSCs within a limited footprint area,in particular.This review article categorizes and arranges these“smart”design strategies of electrodes into three design concepts:layer-by-layer,scaffoldassisted and rolling origami.The corresponding strengths and challenges are comprehensively summarized,and the potential solutions to resolve these challenges are pointed out.Finally,the smart design principle of the electrodes of MSCs and key perspectives for future research in this field are outlined.展开更多
基金support by the University of Southern Queensland(USQ)and Australian Research Council(ARC)Discovery Project DP190101782funded through Future Fellowship FT220100166 and Laureate Fellowship FL170100086 by the Australian Research Council(ARC).
文摘The electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),driven by renewable energy,provides a potential carbon-neutral avenue to convert CO_(2)into valuable fuels and feedstocks.Conversion of CO_(2)into formic acid/formate is considered one of the economical and feasible methods,owing to their high energy densities,and ease of distribution and storage.The separation of formic acid/formate from the reaction mixtures accounts for the majority of the overall CO_(2)RR process cost,while the increment of product concentration can lead to the reduction of separation cost,remarkably.In this paper,we give an overview of recent strategies for highly concentrated formic acid/formate products in CO_(2)RR.CO_(2)RR is a complex process with several different products,as it has different intermediates and reaction pathways.Therefore,this review focuses on recent study strategies that can enhance targeted formic acid/formate yield,such as the all-solid-state reactor design to deliver a high concentration of products during the reduction of CO_(2)in the electrolyzer.Firstly,some novel electrolyzers are introduced as an engineering strategy to improve the concentration of the formic acid/formate and reduce the cost of downstream separations.Also,the design of planar and gas diffusion electrodes(GDEs)with the potential to deliver high-concentration formic acid/formate in CO_(2)RR is summarized.Finally,the existing technological challenges are highlighted,and further research recommendations to achieve high-concentration products in CO_(2)RR.This review can provide some inspiration for future research to further improve the product concentration and economic benefits of CO_(2)RR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52375443)the Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51921003)。
文摘To meet the demand for the machining of blisks with narrow cascade channels and twisted blade profiles,especially integral shrouded blisks with shrouds,this paper innovatively proposes a method for dynamic deformation electrochemical cutting of flexible electrodes with arrayed group slit structure.By applying torque to both ends of the flexible electrode,the proposed method produces bending deformation and realizes the processing of a twisted profile.The flexible electrode is an important carrier of this method,and its properties such as elasticity,rigidity,and flow field uniformity have a crucial impact on smooth processing.Therefore,this paper proposes a design theory of flexible electrodes with an arrayed group slit structure and designs flexible electrodes with variable cross-sections.Compared with traditional uniform section tube electrode,the designed flexible electrode was subjected to the corresponding mechanical simulation,flow field simulation,and fluid–structure interaction simulation to investigate the elasticity,rigidity,and flow field uniformity of the flexible electrode.In addition,a deformation device of flexible electrodes was constructed and the corresponding experiments were carried out.Simulations and experiments demonstrate that flexible electrodes with arrayed group slit structures have good comprehensive performance.Finally,typical components were successfully machined to verify the feasibility of the proposed method and the rationality of the designed flexible electrode.It is shown that the proposed method has great potential for the machining of distorted profiles and provides a new idea for the machining of complex profiles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52202246)the Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2020759)+1 种基金the Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(22KJB430024)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Normal University(21XSRX008)。
文摘An ever-increasing market demand has stimulated the soaring enthusiasm of researchers to develop wide-temperature supercapacitors(SCs).The active electrode is one of the most important parts of SC,which is directly related to the energy density,power transmission and long-term cyclability of the device in the wide-temperature environment.Compared with the SC electrodes aimed for room-temperature application,the SC electrodes for operating at wide-temperature scene often face greater challenges.In this review,the main challenges of SC electrodes under various temperature conditions,including low,high and cross-fade temperatures,are summarized.The relevant performance decay and failure mechanisms of wide-temperature SC electrodes are analyzed.In addition,this review deals with the recent studies and developments in robust wide-temperature SC electrodes with respect to the rational design of electrode structures and the exploitation of advanced active materials.Finally,the future directions for exploring reliable wide-temperature SCs are also proposed.
文摘Numerical simulations of electrostatic precipitators featuring wire and spiked electrode designs were performed to determine particle behavior and separation efficiency. The applied-voltage mechanism that alters the flow structure of particles through ionic winds and mean electric fields are revealed. Numeri- cal studies throughout the past years have shown these structures for channel and pipe configurations. However, less attention was given to field averaging for the ni,~r-product and electric field. Our study focuses on this averaging and illustrates relevant differences between multidimensional setups concern- ~ng these fields. Turbulence was modeled using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with a second-order Reynolds-stress-model closure. A high three-dimensionality of the ionic wind-induced turbulence is presented. This leads to an increase in the submicron-particle precipitation rate. The results confirm the dependence of separation efficiency on particle density and permittivity, thereby showing the advantages of spiked wires compared with wire-plate setups used in electrostatic precipitators.
文摘The coating on the electrodes contains many kinds of raw materials which affect significantly on the mechanical properties of deposited metals. It is still a problem how to predict and control the mechanical properties of deposited metals directly according to the components of coating on the electrodes. In this paper an electrode intelligent design system is developed by means of fuzzy neural network technology and genetic algorithm,, dynamic link library, object linking and embedding and multithreading. The front-end application and customer interface of the system is realized by using visual C ＋＋ program language and taking SQL Server 2000 as background database. It realizes series functions including automatic design of electrode formula, intelligent prediction of electrode properties, inquiry of electrode information, output of process report based on normalized template and electronic storage and search of relative files.
基金supported by the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.GTL24011-000)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF2022M3J1A1085396)the Technology Innovation Program(RS-2024-00445442)through the Korea Planning&Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology(KEIT)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea).
文摘All-solid-state batteries(ASSBs)are a promising next-generation energy storage solution due to their high energy density and enhanced safety.To achieve this,specialized electrode designs are required to efficiently enhance interparticle lithium-ion transport between solid components.In particular,for active materials with high specific capacity,such as silicon,their volume expansion and shrinkage must be carefully controlled to maintain mechanical interface stability,which is crucial for effective lithium-ion transport in ASSBs.Herein,we propose a mechanical stress-tolerant all-solid-state graphite/silicon electrode design to ensure stable lithium-ion diffusion at the interface through morphology control of active material particles.Plate-type graphite with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio is used to maximize the dispersion of silicon within the electrode.The carefully designed electrode can accommodate the volume changes of silicon,ensuring stable capacity retention over cycles.Additionally,spherical graphite is shown to contribute to improved rate performance by providing an efficient lithium-ion diffusion pathway within the electrode.Therefore,the synergistic effect of our electrode structure offers balanced electrochemical performance,providing practical insights into the mechano-electrochemical interactions essential for designing highperformance all-solid-state electrodes.
文摘Based on the method of artificial neural network, a new approach has been devised to predict the mechanical property of E4303 electrode. The outlined predication model for determining the mechanical property of electrode was built upon the production data. The research leverages a back propagation algorithm as the neural network’s learning rule. The result indicates that there are positive correlations between the predicted results and the practical production data. Hence, using the neural network, predication of electrode property can be realized. For the first time, this research provides a more scientific method for designing electrode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21601011 and 21521005)the National Key Research and Development Programme(2017YFA0206804)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(buctrc201506 and buctylkxj01)the Higher Education and HighQuality and World-Class Universities(PY201610)
文摘Layered double hydroxides(LDHs), as a class of typical two-dimensional materials, have sparked increasing interest in the field of energy storage and conversion. In the last few years, the research about LDHs as electrode active materials has seen much progress in terms of structure designing, material synthesis, properties tailoring, and applications. In this review, we focus on the integrated nanostructural electrodes(INEs) construction using LDH materials, including pristine LDH-INEs, hybrid LDH-INEs, and LDH derivativeINEs, as well as the performance advantages and applications of LDH-INEs.Moreover, in the final section, the insights about challenges and prospective in this promising research field were concluded, especially in regulation of intrinsic activity and uncovering of structure–activity relationship, which would push forward the development of this fast-growing field.
基金supported by the the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3803500)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2021CFA066).
文摘Micron-sized silicon(μSi)is a promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity,low cost,and abundant reserves.However,the volume expansion that occurs during cycling leads to the accumulation of undesirable stresses,resulting in pulverization of silicon microparticles and shortened lifespan of the batteries.Herein,a composite film of Cu-PET-Cu is proposed as the current collector(CC)forμSi anodes to replace the conventional Cu CC.Cu-PET-Cu CC is prepared by depositing Cu on both sides of a polyethylene terephthalate(PET)film.The PET layer promises good ductility of the film,permitting the Cu-PET-Cu CC to accommodate the volumetric changes of silicon microparticles and facilitates the stress release through ductile deformation.As a result,theμSi electrode with Cu-PET-Cu CC retains a high specific capacity of 2181 mA h g^(-1),whereas theμSi electrode with Cu CC(μSi/Cu)exhibits a specific capacity of 1285 mA h g^(-1)after 80 cycles.The stress relieving effect of CuPET-Cu was demonstrated by in-situ fiber optic stress monitoring and multi-physics simulations.This work proposes an effective stress relief strategy at the electrode level for the practical implementation ofμSi anodes.
文摘Photo-assisted Li-O2 batteries(LOBs)have remained a prominent and growing field over the past several years.However,the presence of slow oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),large charging and discharging overpotentials,and unstable cycle life lead to low energy efficiency,thus limiting their commercial application.The rational design and synthesis of photocathode materials are effective ways to solve the above existing problems of photo-assisted LOB systems.Herein,the recent advances in the design and preparation of photocathode materials for photo-assisted LOBs were summarized in this review.First,we summarize the basic principles and comprehension of the reaction mechanism for photo-assisted LOBs.The second part introduces the latest research progress on photocathode materials.The third section describes the relationship between the structureproperties and electrochemistry of different photocathodes.In addition,attempts to construct efficient photocathode materials for photo-assisted LOBs through vacancy engineering,localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR),and heterojunction engineering are mainly discussed.Finally,a discussion of attempts to construct efficient photocathode materials using other approaches is also presented.This work will motivate the preparation of stable and efficient photocathode materials for photo-assisted LOBs and aims to promote the commercial application of rechargeable photo-assisted LOBs energy storage.
基金financially supported by the Institute of Civil Military Technology Cooperation funded by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration and Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy of Korean government under grant No.22-CM-FC-20the support from the DGIST Supercomputing and Bigdata Center。
文摘With electric vehicles(EVs)emerging as a primary mode of transportation,ensuring their reliable operation in harsh environments is crucial.However,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)suffer from severe polarization at low temperatures,limiting their operation in cold climates.In addition,difficulties in discovering new battery materials have highlighted a growing demand for innovative electrode designs that achieve high performance,even at low temperatu res.To address this issue,we prepared a thin,resistive,and patterned carbon interlayer on the anode current collector.This carbon-patterned layer(CPL)serves as a self-heating layer to efficiently elevate the entire cell temperature,thus improving the rate capability and cyclability at low temperatures while maintaining the performance at room temperature.Furthermore,we validated the versatile applicability of CPLs to large-format LIB cells through experimental studies and electrochemo-thermal multiphysics modeling and simulations,with the results confirming 11%capacity enhancement in 21,700 cylindrical cells at a 0.5C-rate and-24℃.We expect this electrode design to offer reliable power delivery in harsh climates,thereby potentially expanding the applications of LIBs.
基金support from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019 T120189)Analytical&Testing Center of Tiangong University for characterization of al the samplesprovided by Cangzhou Institute of Tiangong University(Grant No.TGCYY-F-0301)。
文摘The increasing demand for high-capacity energy storage,spurred by the growth of renewable energy,has accelerated the pursuit of cost-effective and sustainable aqueous zinc-ion batteries as a viable alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries.In this study,a cation-anion coordination cathode material(Zn-MnO_(2)F_(X))is proposed,which regulates the central valence state of Mn ions by covalently anchoring manganese oxides with Zn ions and F ions to inhibit Jahn-Teller distortion and manganese dissolution.
基金the support from the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2018YFB1107500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51503024)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT17RC(3)003)the National Natural Science Foundation of the Joint Fund Key Projects(No.U1663226)the Dalian Youth Science and Technology Star Project Support Program(No.2017RQ104)the Scientific Research Foundation for Doctor,Liaoning Province of China(No.20170520083)。
文摘Sodium-ion capacitors(SICs)are extremely promising due to the combined merits of high energy-power characteristics and considerable price advantage.However,it is still difficult to achieve high energypower outputs and cycle stability in a typical configuration of the metal-based battery-type anode and activated carbon capacitor-type cathode due to the kinetic mismatching.In this work,a carbon nanosheet(PSCS-600)with large interlayer spacing of 0.41 nm derived from the bio-waste pine cone shell was prepared.Besides,the covalent triazine framework derived carbon(OPDN-CTF-A)was obtained through ionothermal synthesis strategy,exhibiting beneficial hierarchical pores(0.5-6 nm)and high heteroatoms(5.6 at%N,6.6 at%O).On this basis,the all-carbon SICs were fabricated by the integration of PSCS-600 anode and OPDN-CTF-A cathode.The device delivered high energy density 111 Wh kg^(-1),high power output of 14,200 W kg^(-1) and ultra-stable cycling life(~90.7%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles).This work provides new ideas in fabricating carbon-carbon architectural SICs with high energy storage for practical application.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51902101)the Youth Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2021JJ40044)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20201381)Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Nos.NY219144 and NY221046)the National College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.202210293171 K).
文摘In the process of electrocatalytic water splitting, the management of gaseous products is an important task. Timely detachment of gaseous products from the electrode surface and the electrolyte is beneficial to the reduction of energy consumption of the electrolytic cell. In the existing industrial electrolytic cells, the circulating pump drives the electrolyte flowing to discharge the gaseous products. Up to now, several much more advanced strategies have been explored to deal with the negative effects of bubbles. In this review, we summarized various strategies for bubble detachment, including electrode design, external field imposing and system upgrading. We also elaborated the principle, functional features, practicability, advantages and limitations of each method. Finally, challenges and perspectives are also provided for the further development of advanced bubbles detachment strategies for efficient hydrogen evolution.
基金The authors acknowledge support from the German Research Foundation(DFG:LE 2249/5-1)the Sino-German Center for Research Promotion(GZ1579)+1 种基金Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202201AW070014)Jiajia Qiu and Yu Duan appreciate support from the China Scholarship Council(No.201908530218&202206990027).
文摘Adopting a nano-and micro-structuring approach to fully unleashing the genuine potential of electrode active material benefits in-depth understandings and research progress toward higher energy density electrochemical energy stor-age devices at all technology readiness levels.Due to various challenging issues,especially limited stability,nano-and micro-structured(NMS)electrodes undergo fast electrochemical performance degradation.The emerging NMS scaffold design is a pivotal aspect of many electrodes as it endows them with both robustness and electrochemical performance enhancement,even though it only occupies comple-mentary and facilitating components for the main mechanism.However,extensive efforts are urgently needed toward optimizing the stereoscopic geometrical design of NMS scaffolds to minimize the volume ratio and maximize their functionality to fulfill the ever-increasing dependency and desire for energy power source supplies.This review will aim at highlighting these NMS scaffold design strategies,summariz-ing their corresponding strengths and challenges,and thereby outlining the potential solutions to resolve these challenges,design principles,and key perspectives for future research in this field.Therefore,this review will be one of the earliest reviews from this viewpoint.
基金supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche,France(ANR)through the TROPIC project(ANR-19CE05-0026)。
文摘This review addresses the growing interest for potassium-ion full-cells(KIFCs)in view of the transition from potassium-ion half-cells(KIHCs)toward commercial K-ion batteries(KIBs).It focuses on the key parameters of KIFCs such as the electrode/electrolyte interfaces challenge,major barriers,and recent advancements in KIFCs.The strategies for enhancing KIFC performance,including interfaces co ntrol,electrolyte optimization,electrodes capacity ratio,electrode material screening and electrode design,are discussed.The review highlights the need to evaluate KIBs in full-cell configurations as half-cell results are strongly impacted by the K metal reactivity.It also emphasizes the importance of understanding solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formation in KIFCs and explores promising nonaqueous as well as quasiand all-solid-state electrolytes options.This review thus paves the way for practical,cost-effective,and scalable KIBs as energy storage systems by offering insights and guidance for future research.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.90923039 and 51025521)the 111 Project of China(No. B08043)
文摘The sensitivities of betavoltaic batteries and photovoltaic batteries to series and parallel resistance are studied.Based on the study,an electrode pattern design principle of GaAs betavoltaic batteries is proposed.GaAs PIN junctions with and without the proposed electrode pattern are fabricated and measured under the illumination of ^（63）Ni.Results show that the proposed electrode can reduce the backscattering and shadowing for the beta particles from ^（63）Ni to increase the GaAs betavoltaic battery short circuit currents effectively but has little impact on the fill factors and ideal factors.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A20247 and 52101252)the National Key Research and Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology(2022YFA1402504)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515030196)support through the R.A.Bowen Endowed Professorship funds.
文摘The poor electronic conductivity of conversion-type materials(CMs)and the dissolution/diffusion loss of transition metal(TM)ions in electrodes seriously hinder the practical applications of potassium ion batteries.Simply optimizing the electrode materials or designing the electrode components is no longer effective in improving the performance of CMs.Binders,as one of the elec-trode components,play a vital role in improving the electrochemical per-formance of batteries.Here we rationally designed FeF_(2) electrodes for the first time by optimizing electrode materials with the introduction of carbon na-notubes(CNTs)and combined with a sodium alginate(SA)binder based on strong interactions.We show that the FeF_(2)@CNTs-SA cathode does not suffer from TM ion dissolution and delivers a high capacity of 184.7 mAh g^(-1) at 10 mA g^(-1).Moreover,the capacity of FeF_(2)@CNTs-SA is as high as 99.2 mAh g^(-1) after 100 cycles at 100 mA g^(-1),which is a twofold increase compared to FeF_(2)@CNTs-PVDF.After calculating the average capacity decay rate per cycle of them,we find that FeF_(2)@CNTs-SA is about one-third lower than FeF_(2)@CNTs-PVDF.Therefore,the SA binder can be broadly used for electrodes comprising several CMs,providing meaningful insights into mechanisms that lead to their improved electrochemical performances.
基金financial support from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA21070500)the DNL Cooperation Fund,CAS(DNL201914)。
文摘Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been regarded as one of the alternatives to lithium ion batteries owing to their wide availability and significantly low cost of sodium sources.However,they face serious challenges of low energy&power density and short cycling lifespan owing to the heavy mass and large radius of Na^(+).Vanadium-based polyanionic compounds have advantageous characteristic of high operating voltage,high ionic conductivity and robust structural framework,which is conducive to their high energy&power density and long lifespan for SIBs.In this review,we will overview the latest V-based polyanionic compounds,along with the respective characteristic from the intrinsic crystal structure to performance presentation and improvement for SIBs.One of the most important aspect is to discover the essential problems existed in the present V-based polyanionic compounds for high-energy&power applications,and point out most suitable solutions from the crystal structure modulation,interface tailoring and electrode configuration design.Moreover,some scientific issues of V-based polyanionic compounds shall be also proposed and related future direction shall be provided.We believe that this review can serve as a motivation for further development of novel V-based polyanionic compounds and drive them toward high energy&power applications in the near future.
基金Sino‐German Center for Research Promotion,Grant/Award Number:GZ1579China Scholarship Council,Grant/Award Number:201908530218Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,Grant/Award Number:LE 2249/5‐1。
文摘Owing to high power density and long cycle life,micro-supercapacitors(MSCs)are regarded as a prevalent energy storage unit for miniaturized electronics in modern life.A major bottleneck is achieving enhanced energy density without sacrificing both power density and cycle life.To this end,designing electrodes in a“smart”way has emerged as an effective strategy to achieve a trade-off between the energy and power densities of MSCs.In the past few years,considerable research efforts have been devoted to exploring new electrode materials for high capacitance,but designing clever configurations for electrodes has rarely been investigated from a structural point of view,which is also important for MSCs within a limited footprint area,in particular.This review article categorizes and arranges these“smart”design strategies of electrodes into three design concepts:layer-by-layer,scaffoldassisted and rolling origami.The corresponding strengths and challenges are comprehensively summarized,and the potential solutions to resolve these challenges are pointed out.Finally,the smart design principle of the electrodes of MSCs and key perspectives for future research in this field are outlined.
