Bacterial infection presents formidable challenges that frequently culminate in the malfunction of metal implants.Traditional surface treatment methods struggle to effectively achieve controllable management of bacter...Bacterial infection presents formidable challenges that frequently culminate in the malfunction of metal implants.Traditional surface treatment methods struggle to effectively achieve controllable management of bacterial infections associated with metal implants.To effectively enhance the antibacterial capabilities and preventing bacterial adhesion,electroactive materials have emerged as a groundbreaking strategy for surface modification of metal.By responding to external signals,the electroactive materials can improve antibacterial properties and resistance to bacterial adhesion on the implant surface through harnessing the electrostatic interaction of charges,ion release,oxidation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),electron transfer,and the involvement of cellular immunity.This review delves into the principles of how electroactive materials confer implants with antibacterial properties and antibacterial adhesion,while also summarizing the latest research breakthroughs in their application for surface modification.These strategies successfully strike a balance between the antibacterial and the antimicrobial performance of the implant surface.Lastly,the review examines the limitations and ongoing challenges faced by electroactive material modification technology in implant applications,and sketches out the future trajectory and potential innovative avenues in this promising field.展开更多
Micrometre-sized electroactive particles with high tapping density show significant potential for commercial application since they effectively alleviate low Coulombic efficiency and excessive solid electrolyte interp...Micrometre-sized electroactive particles with high tapping density show significant potential for commercial application since they effectively alleviate low Coulombic efficiency and excessive solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)issues brought by nanostructures.Furthermore,optimizing the electrode architecture using novel design concepts can improve the energy density.Beyond the electrode material structure design strategy,binder plays a vital role in providing the mechanical stability and regulating the charge transport.This highlight presents the latest development to design high-capacity batteries by optimizing the binder structures in electrodes and emphasizes the significance of binder design for further commercial application.展开更多
We theoretically study the indentation response of a compressible soft electroactive material by a rigid punch. The half-space material is assumed to be initially subjected to a finite deformation and an electric bias...We theoretically study the indentation response of a compressible soft electroactive material by a rigid punch. The half-space material is assumed to be initially subjected to a finite deformation and an electric biasing field. By adopting the linearized theory for incremental fields, which is established on the basis of a general nonlinear theory for electroelasticity, the appropriate equations governing the perturbed infinitesimal elastic and electric fields are derived particularly when the material is subjected to a uniform equibiaxial stretch and a uniform electric displacement. A general solution to the governing equations is presented, which is concisely expressed in terms of four quasi-harmonic functions. By adopting the potential theory method, exact contact solutions for three common perfectly conducting rigid indenters of fiat-ended circular, conical and spherical geometries can be derived, and some explicit relations that are of practical importance are outlined.展开更多
Soft electroactive materials(SEAMs)with large elastic deformation capacity as well as excellent electromechanical coupling characteristic have attracted increasing attention in the fields of mechanics and related engi...Soft electroactive materials(SEAMs)with large elastic deformation capacity as well as excellent electromechanical coupling characteristic have attracted increasing attention in the fields of mechanics and related engineering disciplines.Based on the nonlinear theory of electroelasticity and its linearized version for incremental fields,we derive the state-space formulations for small-amplitude free vibrations of an SEAM circular plate under large predeformation due to static biasing fields.An exact three-dimensional solution is then obtained by adopting the finite Hankel transform for the plate with an elastic simple support at the circular boundary.The exact solution for an isotropic linear elastic circular plate can be obtained as a particular and degenerated case.The model of generalized neo-Hookean compressible material is considered in numerical simulations.It is found that the natural frequency,while depending on the intrinsic parameters of the plate(e.g.,initial thickness and electromechanical coupling coefficients),can be controlled effectively by the extrinsic factors(e.g.,pre-stretch and biasing electric displacement).Results further indicate that Euler’s instability will occur under a certain combination of the biasing electric displacement and pre-stretch,which should be of practical importance when one intends to tune the dynamic characteristics of a plate by means of external loading.展开更多
Electrical stimulation(ES),as one of the physical therapy modalities for tumors,has attracted extensive attention of researchers due to its promising efficacy.With the continuous development of material science,nanote...Electrical stimulation(ES),as one of the physical therapy modalities for tumors,has attracted extensive attention of researchers due to its promising efficacy.With the continuous development of material science,nanotechnology,and micro/nano processing techniques,novel electroactive nanomaterials and delicately designed devices have emerged to realize innovative ES therapies,which provide more possibilities and approaches for tumor treatment.Meanwhile,exploring the molecular biological mechanisms underlying different ES modalities affecting tumor cells and their immune microenvironment is also an unresolved hotspot emerging from the current biomedical engineering research.Focusing on the above research interests,in this review,we systematically summarized the effects of different ES parameters on the subcellular structure of tumor cells and the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)in conjunction with the involved signaling pathways.In addition,we also reviewed the latest progress in novel self-powered devices and electroactive nanomaterials for tumor therapy.Finally,the prospects for the development of electrostimulation tumor therapy are also discussed,bringing inspiration for the development of new physical therapy strategies in the future.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFC2406000 and 2021YFC2400402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52101285,51932002,U21A2055 and U22A20160)
文摘Bacterial infection presents formidable challenges that frequently culminate in the malfunction of metal implants.Traditional surface treatment methods struggle to effectively achieve controllable management of bacterial infections associated with metal implants.To effectively enhance the antibacterial capabilities and preventing bacterial adhesion,electroactive materials have emerged as a groundbreaking strategy for surface modification of metal.By responding to external signals,the electroactive materials can improve antibacterial properties and resistance to bacterial adhesion on the implant surface through harnessing the electrostatic interaction of charges,ion release,oxidation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),electron transfer,and the involvement of cellular immunity.This review delves into the principles of how electroactive materials confer implants with antibacterial properties and antibacterial adhesion,while also summarizing the latest research breakthroughs in their application for surface modification.These strategies successfully strike a balance between the antibacterial and the antimicrobial performance of the implant surface.Lastly,the review examines the limitations and ongoing challenges faced by electroactive material modification technology in implant applications,and sketches out the future trajectory and potential innovative avenues in this promising field.
文摘Micrometre-sized electroactive particles with high tapping density show significant potential for commercial application since they effectively alleviate low Coulombic efficiency and excessive solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)issues brought by nanostructures.Furthermore,optimizing the electrode architecture using novel design concepts can improve the energy density.Beyond the electrode material structure design strategy,binder plays a vital role in providing the mechanical stability and regulating the charge transport.This highlight presents the latest development to design high-capacity batteries by optimizing the binder structures in electrodes and emphasizes the significance of binder design for further commercial application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10832009 and 11090333)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(2011XZZX002)
文摘We theoretically study the indentation response of a compressible soft electroactive material by a rigid punch. The half-space material is assumed to be initially subjected to a finite deformation and an electric biasing field. By adopting the linearized theory for incremental fields, which is established on the basis of a general nonlinear theory for electroelasticity, the appropriate equations governing the perturbed infinitesimal elastic and electric fields are derived particularly when the material is subjected to a uniform equibiaxial stretch and a uniform electric displacement. A general solution to the governing equations is presented, which is concisely expressed in terms of four quasi-harmonic functions. By adopting the potential theory method, exact contact solutions for three common perfectly conducting rigid indenters of fiat-ended circular, conical and spherical geometries can be derived, and some explicit relations that are of practical importance are outlined.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11872329 and 11621062).
文摘Soft electroactive materials(SEAMs)with large elastic deformation capacity as well as excellent electromechanical coupling characteristic have attracted increasing attention in the fields of mechanics and related engineering disciplines.Based on the nonlinear theory of electroelasticity and its linearized version for incremental fields,we derive the state-space formulations for small-amplitude free vibrations of an SEAM circular plate under large predeformation due to static biasing fields.An exact three-dimensional solution is then obtained by adopting the finite Hankel transform for the plate with an elastic simple support at the circular boundary.The exact solution for an isotropic linear elastic circular plate can be obtained as a particular and degenerated case.The model of generalized neo-Hookean compressible material is considered in numerical simulations.It is found that the natural frequency,while depending on the intrinsic parameters of the plate(e.g.,initial thickness and electromechanical coupling coefficients),can be controlled effectively by the extrinsic factors(e.g.,pre-stretch and biasing electric displacement).Results further indicate that Euler’s instability will occur under a certain combination of the biasing electric displacement and pre-stretch,which should be of practical importance when one intends to tune the dynamic characteristics of a plate by means of external loading.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Numbers:2022YFB3205602,2022YFB3804703National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:61875015,T2125003+3 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:JQ20038,L212010The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:E0EG6802X2the Scientific Employment Stimulus program,Grant/Award Number:2021.01807.CEECINDMaria de Sousa award,Grant/Award Number:(53/2021)。
文摘Electrical stimulation(ES),as one of the physical therapy modalities for tumors,has attracted extensive attention of researchers due to its promising efficacy.With the continuous development of material science,nanotechnology,and micro/nano processing techniques,novel electroactive nanomaterials and delicately designed devices have emerged to realize innovative ES therapies,which provide more possibilities and approaches for tumor treatment.Meanwhile,exploring the molecular biological mechanisms underlying different ES modalities affecting tumor cells and their immune microenvironment is also an unresolved hotspot emerging from the current biomedical engineering research.Focusing on the above research interests,in this review,we systematically summarized the effects of different ES parameters on the subcellular structure of tumor cells and the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)in conjunction with the involved signaling pathways.In addition,we also reviewed the latest progress in novel self-powered devices and electroactive nanomaterials for tumor therapy.Finally,the prospects for the development of electrostimulation tumor therapy are also discussed,bringing inspiration for the development of new physical therapy strategies in the future.
