Laser-induced electro-response(LIER),as a new method that complements conventional rock physics testing techniques,is expected to address issues such as of unclear mechanisms,model deficiency,inconsistent evaluation p...Laser-induced electro-response(LIER),as a new method that complements conventional rock physics testing techniques,is expected to address issues such as of unclear mechanisms,model deficiency,inconsistent evaluation parameters,and difficulty in separating multiple coupling factors in shale anisotropy evaluation,and establish a more complete and reliable shale physical property evaluation system.A testing strategy for out of plane anisotropy(OPA)was proposed for characterising anisotropy by LIER,where the near infrared(NIR)continuous laser(CL)and nanosecond pulsed laser(PL)were used to irradiate the surface of oblique cut shale,and the transverse LIER of the surface was measured.A LIER detection model is constructed from the laser-thermal effect,residual transverse polarization electric field and thermionic emission transport mechanism,which is strongly relying on laser power,bias voltage,and inclination angle of the measurement direction relative to the bedding plane of shale.For OPA test on the slice of oblique cut shale under CL irradiation,the relationship between the product of LIER simulation parameters and the tilting angle can be described by a cubic function and an impulse function with a maximum value at the threshold angle.In addition,the thermal accumulation and transient thermal effects are induced in the shale under a high-energy short laser pulse irradiation,and the simulation results indicate that there is an exponential relationship between the product of parameters in the LIER model and the tilt angle.Thus,for OPA test under CL and PL irradiations,it is recommended to use the product of parameters as an evaluation index for shale anisotropy.Furthermore,to solve the problem of multiple influencing factors entangled in the exponential term of the LIER model,the tangential LIER measurement was performed on the side of cylindrical shale core,where the provided LIER model effectively presented the anisotropy of tight shale plug,especially the effects of bias voltage and laser power on LIER were relatively separated as independent variables.Finally,the LIER at the end of laser drilling is presented well using the optimized model under a focused ns NIR PL irradiation,indicating that LIER is expected to be a real-time means for characterizing shale anisotropy during laser drilling processes.These results show that the present work is fundamental for the precise evaluation and effective development of anisotropic shale reservoirs,and will drive the advances of LIER in the exploration for shale oil and gas.展开更多
Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)are a recent class of porous materials that have garnered considerable research interest owing to their distinctive characteristics.HOFs can be constructed through judicious sel...Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)are a recent class of porous materials that have garnered considerable research interest owing to their distinctive characteristics.HOFs can be constructed through judicious selection of H-bonding motifs,which are further enforced by other weak intermolecular interactions such asπ–πstacking,van der Waals forces,and framework interpenetration.Taking advantage of these interactions,we can expand the functional field of HOFs by introducing active molecules.Recently,researchers have made substantial advancements in using HOFs for chemical sensing,catalysis,proton conduction,biological applications,and others.The low bonding energy of H-bonds allows for precise control over the concentration of ligands in solvents,forming diverse HOF structures.These varied structures offer significant advantages for producing HOFs with photo-responsive and electro-responsive properties.However,the presence of H-bonds in HOFs results in their inherent lower stability compared to metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and covalent-organic frameworks(COFs)formed via coordination and covalent bonds,respectively.As a result,the pursuit of stable and innovative HOF materials with novel functional sites remains an ongoing challenge.This review provides an overview of recent research progress in the development of new strategies for stable HOF synthesis and applications of HOFs with stimuli-responsive properties.We first classified all synthetic methods reported to date and discussed the stable HOFs synthesized,as well as their unique properties and applications.In addition,we summarized the applications of HOFs utilizing their synergistic responses to external stimuli,including photo,electrical,pressure,and chemical stimuli.We systematically reviewed stable HOF synthesis and applications,which may lead to a deeper understanding of the structure–activity relationship for these materials and guide future HOF design.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE) is one of the most common types of human epilepsy,and they are often resistant to current treatments. METHODS By using optogenetic,electrophysiological,imaging and pharmacology st...OBJECTIVE Temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE) is one of the most common types of human epilepsy,and they are often resistant to current treatments. METHODS By using optogenetic,electrophysiological,imaging and pharmacology strategies,we aimed toinvestigate the underlying circuit mechanism of TLE and tried to developthe novel and efficient approach to control epilepsy. RESULTS(1) Deep brain stimulation,especially low frequency stimulation,targeted the epileptic focus and the areas outside of the focus(critical regions for seizure spread),such as entorhinal cortex or subiculum,reduced seizure severity in TLE. Its anti-epileptic effect is time-window dependent and polarity dependent,which shows a promising strategy for treating epileptic seizures.(2) Using an optogenetic strategy,we demonstrated that excitatory projection from entorhinal cortex to hippocampus instructs the brain-stimulation treatments of epilepsy.(3) Our data from both the clinical and experimental studies further demonstrated that a disinhibitory GABAergic neuron-mediated microcircuit in the subiculum contributes to secondary generalized seizures in TLE.(4) Finally,based on abnormal synchronization of the electrical activity in epileptic circuit,we developed electro-responsive hydrogel nanoparticles modified with angiopep-2to facilitate the delivery of the antiepileptic drug phenytoin sodium,which greatly improves the therapeutic index. CONCLUSION Our findings may update the current view of epileptic neuronal networks and suggest possible promising ways for epilepsy treatment.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE)is one of the most common types of human epilepsy,and they are often resistant to current treatments.METHODS By using optogenetic,electrophysiological,imaging and pharmacology stra...OBJECTIVE Temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE)is one of the most common types of human epilepsy,and they are often resistant to current treatments.METHODS By using optogenetic,electrophysiological,imaging and pharmacology strategies,we aimed toinvestigate the underlying circuit mechanism of TLE and tried to developthe novel and efficient approach to control epilepsy.RESULTS(1)Using micro PET and multichannel EEG recording,we found an abnormal neural network,characterized by early hypometabolism and after discharge spread,during the epileptogenensis of TLE.(2)Deep brain stimulation,especially low frequency stimulation,targeted the epileptic focus and the areas outside of the focus(critical regions for seizure spread),such as the piriform cortex,cerebellum,entorhinal cortex or subiculum,reduced seizure severity in TLE.Its anti-epileptic effect is time-window dependent and polarity dependent,which shows a promising strategy for treating epileptic seizures.(3)Using an optogenetic strategy,we demonstrated that excitatory projection from entorhinal cortex to hippocampus instructs the brain-stimulation treatments of epilepsy.(4)Our data from both the clinical and experimental studies further demonstrated that a disinhibitory GABAergic neuronmediated microcircuit in the subiculum contributes to secondary generalized seizures in TLE.(5)Finally,based on abnormal synchronization of the electrical activity in epileptic circuit,we developed electroresponsive hydrogel nanoparticles modified with angiopep-2 to facilitate the delivery of the antiepileptic drug phenytoin sodium,which greatly improves the therapeutic index.CONCLUSION Our findings may update the current view of epileptic neuronal networks and suggest possible promising ways for epilepsy treatment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12374412 and 12404502).
文摘Laser-induced electro-response(LIER),as a new method that complements conventional rock physics testing techniques,is expected to address issues such as of unclear mechanisms,model deficiency,inconsistent evaluation parameters,and difficulty in separating multiple coupling factors in shale anisotropy evaluation,and establish a more complete and reliable shale physical property evaluation system.A testing strategy for out of plane anisotropy(OPA)was proposed for characterising anisotropy by LIER,where the near infrared(NIR)continuous laser(CL)and nanosecond pulsed laser(PL)were used to irradiate the surface of oblique cut shale,and the transverse LIER of the surface was measured.A LIER detection model is constructed from the laser-thermal effect,residual transverse polarization electric field and thermionic emission transport mechanism,which is strongly relying on laser power,bias voltage,and inclination angle of the measurement direction relative to the bedding plane of shale.For OPA test on the slice of oblique cut shale under CL irradiation,the relationship between the product of LIER simulation parameters and the tilting angle can be described by a cubic function and an impulse function with a maximum value at the threshold angle.In addition,the thermal accumulation and transient thermal effects are induced in the shale under a high-energy short laser pulse irradiation,and the simulation results indicate that there is an exponential relationship between the product of parameters in the LIER model and the tilt angle.Thus,for OPA test under CL and PL irradiations,it is recommended to use the product of parameters as an evaluation index for shale anisotropy.Furthermore,to solve the problem of multiple influencing factors entangled in the exponential term of the LIER model,the tangential LIER measurement was performed on the side of cylindrical shale core,where the provided LIER model effectively presented the anisotropy of tight shale plug,especially the effects of bias voltage and laser power on LIER were relatively separated as independent variables.Finally,the LIER at the end of laser drilling is presented well using the optimized model under a focused ns NIR PL irradiation,indicating that LIER is expected to be a real-time means for characterizing shale anisotropy during laser drilling processes.These results show that the present work is fundamental for the precise evaluation and effective development of anisotropic shale reservoirs,and will drive the advances of LIER in the exploration for shale oil and gas.
基金Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.JCTD-2022-12 CAS youth interdisciplinary team)Y.Y.L.acknowledges the support from the National Science Foundation(No.HRD-2112554).
文摘Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)are a recent class of porous materials that have garnered considerable research interest owing to their distinctive characteristics.HOFs can be constructed through judicious selection of H-bonding motifs,which are further enforced by other weak intermolecular interactions such asπ–πstacking,van der Waals forces,and framework interpenetration.Taking advantage of these interactions,we can expand the functional field of HOFs by introducing active molecules.Recently,researchers have made substantial advancements in using HOFs for chemical sensing,catalysis,proton conduction,biological applications,and others.The low bonding energy of H-bonds allows for precise control over the concentration of ligands in solvents,forming diverse HOF structures.These varied structures offer significant advantages for producing HOFs with photo-responsive and electro-responsive properties.However,the presence of H-bonds in HOFs results in their inherent lower stability compared to metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and covalent-organic frameworks(COFs)formed via coordination and covalent bonds,respectively.As a result,the pursuit of stable and innovative HOF materials with novel functional sites remains an ongoing challenge.This review provides an overview of recent research progress in the development of new strategies for stable HOF synthesis and applications of HOFs with stimuli-responsive properties.We first classified all synthetic methods reported to date and discussed the stable HOFs synthesized,as well as their unique properties and applications.In addition,we summarized the applications of HOFs utilizing their synergistic responses to external stimuli,including photo,electrical,pressure,and chemical stimuli.We systematically reviewed stable HOF synthesis and applications,which may lead to a deeper understanding of the structure–activity relationship for these materials and guide future HOF design.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(91332202,81630098)
文摘OBJECTIVE Temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE) is one of the most common types of human epilepsy,and they are often resistant to current treatments. METHODS By using optogenetic,electrophysiological,imaging and pharmacology strategies,we aimed toinvestigate the underlying circuit mechanism of TLE and tried to developthe novel and efficient approach to control epilepsy. RESULTS(1) Deep brain stimulation,especially low frequency stimulation,targeted the epileptic focus and the areas outside of the focus(critical regions for seizure spread),such as entorhinal cortex or subiculum,reduced seizure severity in TLE. Its anti-epileptic effect is time-window dependent and polarity dependent,which shows a promising strategy for treating epileptic seizures.(2) Using an optogenetic strategy,we demonstrated that excitatory projection from entorhinal cortex to hippocampus instructs the brain-stimulation treatments of epilepsy.(3) Our data from both the clinical and experimental studies further demonstrated that a disinhibitory GABAergic neuron-mediated microcircuit in the subiculum contributes to secondary generalized seizures in TLE.(4) Finally,based on abnormal synchronization of the electrical activity in epileptic circuit,we developed electro-responsive hydrogel nanoparticles modified with angiopep-2to facilitate the delivery of the antiepileptic drug phenytoin sodium,which greatly improves the therapeutic index. CONCLUSION Our findings may update the current view of epileptic neuronal networks and suggest possible promising ways for epilepsy treatment.
基金The project supportedp by National Natural Science Foundation of China(91332202,81221003)
文摘OBJECTIVE Temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE)is one of the most common types of human epilepsy,and they are often resistant to current treatments.METHODS By using optogenetic,electrophysiological,imaging and pharmacology strategies,we aimed toinvestigate the underlying circuit mechanism of TLE and tried to developthe novel and efficient approach to control epilepsy.RESULTS(1)Using micro PET and multichannel EEG recording,we found an abnormal neural network,characterized by early hypometabolism and after discharge spread,during the epileptogenensis of TLE.(2)Deep brain stimulation,especially low frequency stimulation,targeted the epileptic focus and the areas outside of the focus(critical regions for seizure spread),such as the piriform cortex,cerebellum,entorhinal cortex or subiculum,reduced seizure severity in TLE.Its anti-epileptic effect is time-window dependent and polarity dependent,which shows a promising strategy for treating epileptic seizures.(3)Using an optogenetic strategy,we demonstrated that excitatory projection from entorhinal cortex to hippocampus instructs the brain-stimulation treatments of epilepsy.(4)Our data from both the clinical and experimental studies further demonstrated that a disinhibitory GABAergic neuronmediated microcircuit in the subiculum contributes to secondary generalized seizures in TLE.(5)Finally,based on abnormal synchronization of the electrical activity in epileptic circuit,we developed electroresponsive hydrogel nanoparticles modified with angiopep-2 to facilitate the delivery of the antiepileptic drug phenytoin sodium,which greatly improves the therapeutic index.CONCLUSION Our findings may update the current view of epileptic neuronal networks and suggest possible promising ways for epilepsy treatment.
