Severe injuries due to electricity are rare,but when they occur,they may cause life-threatening conditions.In order to define the severity of electrical injuries,the most widely used classification is voltage power.In...Severe injuries due to electricity are rare,but when they occur,they may cause life-threatening conditions.In order to define the severity of electrical injuries,the most widely used classification is voltage power.Injuries are mainly classified into two categories as low voltage electrical injuries(LVEI)(<1000 V)and high voltage electrical injuries(>1000 V).Fatal injuries have been reported mostly after high-voltage electric shock.Low-voltage electricity current rarely causes severe trauma and complications.展开更多
Recent advances in van der Waals(vdW) ferroelectrics have sparked the development of related heterostructures with non-volatile and field-tunable functionalities. In vdW ferroelectric heterojunctions, the interfacial ...Recent advances in van der Waals(vdW) ferroelectrics have sparked the development of related heterostructures with non-volatile and field-tunable functionalities. In vdW ferroelectric heterojunctions, the interfacial electrical characteristics play a crucial role in determining their performance and functionality. In this study,we explore the interfacial polarization coupling in two-dimensional(2D) ferroelectric heterojunctions by fabricating a graphene/h-BN/CuInP_(2)S_(6)/α-In_(2)Se_(3)/Au ferroelectric field-effect transistor. By varying the gate electric field, the CuInP_(2)S_(6)/α-In_(2)Se_(3) heterojunction displays distinct interfacial polarization coupling states, resulting in significantly different electrical transport behaviors. Under strong gate electric fields, the migration of Cu ions further enhances the interfacial polarization effect, enabling continuous tuning of both the polarization state and carrier concentration in α-In_(2)Se_(3). Our findings offer valuable insights for the development of novel multifunctional devices based on 2D ferroelectric materials.展开更多
提出一种改进的ELECTRE(elimination et choix traduisant la réalité)动态模糊多属性决策方法。首先,对动态决策矩阵运用熵权法获得客观的时间权重;其次,提出改进的ELECTRE方法,针对直觉模糊数不可直接比较的问题,根据隶属...提出一种改进的ELECTRE(elimination et choix traduisant la réalité)动态模糊多属性决策方法。首先,对动态决策矩阵运用熵权法获得客观的时间权重;其次,提出改进的ELECTRE方法,针对直觉模糊数不可直接比较的问题,根据隶属度、非隶属度值不同的物理含义,分别构造其级别优先的一致性和矛盾性动态指标函数,再融合为各属性的一致性和矛盾性动态指标;随后,根据其相反的赋值意义,利用时间权重分别进行集成,获得综合各时间段的一致性和矛盾性指标并进行耦合,从而得到各方案的赋值级别优先关系,最终完成方案排序。实验数据验证了方法的有效性与可行性。展开更多
The continuous extension of human life expectancy and the global trend of population aging have contributed to a marked increase in the incidence of musculoskeletal diseases,with fractures and osteoporosis being promi...The continuous extension of human life expectancy and the global trend of population aging have contributed to a marked increase in the incidence of musculoskeletal diseases,with fractures and osteoporosis being prominent examples.Consequently,promoting bone regeneration is a crucial medical challenge that demands immediate attention.As early as the mid-20th century,researchers revealed that electrical stimulation could effectively promote the healing and regeneration of bone tissue.This is achieved by mimicking the endogenous electric field within bone tissue,which influences cellular behavior and molecular mechanisms.In recent years,electroactive hydrogels responsive to electric field stimulation have been developed and applied to regulate cell functions at different stages of bone regeneration.This paper elaborates on the regulatory effects of electrical stimulation on MSCs,macrophages,and vascular endothelial cells during the process of bone regeneration.It also involves the activation of relevant ion channels and signaling pathways.Subsequently,it comprehensively reviews various electric-field-responsive hydrogels developed in recent years,covering aspects such as material selection,preparation methods,characteristics,and their applications in bone regeneration.Ultimately,it provides an objective summary of the existing deficiencies in hydrogel materials and research,and looks ahead to future development directions.展开更多
To advance the theoretical understanding,technological development,and field application of electric charge induction for monitoring rock deformation and failure,this study investigates the induced electric charge gen...To advance the theoretical understanding,technological development,and field application of electric charge induction for monitoring rock deformation and failure,this study investigates the induced electric charge generated during the deformation and failure of igneous rocks.The charge originates mainly from a combination of electrical polarization and triboelectric effects.Through laboratory experiments,we analyzed the time-frequency evolution of induced electric charge signals and identified relevant monitoring parameters.An online downhole electric charge induction monitoring system was developed and validated in the field.Experimental results show that the dominant frequency range of induced electric charge signals generated during igneous rock deformation and failure lies between 0 and 23 Hz,and a low-pass finite impulse response(FIR)filter effectively suppresses noise.Optimal sensor distances for monitoring cubic and cylindrical specimens were determined to be 17 mm and 13 mm,respectively.We proposed early warning indicators,including the maximum absolute value of the induced electric charge,the arithmetic mean value,the distribution dispersion coefficient,and the cumulative sum value.In field application,time-domain curves and spatial distribution charts of these warning indicators correspond well with changes in abutment stress ahead of the mining face,offering indirect insights into local stress evolution.This research provides technical and equipment support for the application of electric charge induction technology to monitoring and early warning of coal bursts.展开更多
Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)are an effective way to remove emerging contaminants(ECs)from water.The catalytic process involving PMS is hindered by the suboptimal electron trans-fer e...Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)are an effective way to remove emerging contaminants(ECs)from water.The catalytic process involving PMS is hindered by the suboptimal electron trans-fer efficiency of current catalysts,the further application of AOPs technology is limited.Here,it is proposed that the interfacial electric field can be controlled by bor(B)-doped FeNC catalysts,which shows significant advantages in the efficient generation,release and participation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the reaction.The super exchange interaction between Fe sites and N and B sites is realized through the directional transfer of electrons in the interfacial electric field,which ensures the high efficiency and stability of the PMS catalytic process.B doping increases the d orbitals distribution at Fermi level,which facilitates enhanced electron transition activity,thereby promoting the effective generation of (1)^O_(2).At the same time,orbital hybridization causes the center of the d band to move to a lower energy level,which not only contributes to the desorption process of (1)^O_(2),but also accelerates its release.In addition,B-doping also improved the adsorption capacity of organic pollutants and shortened the migration distance of ROS,thereby significantly improving the degradation efficiency of ECs.The B-doping strategy outlined offers a novel approach to the development of FeNC catalysts,it lays a theoretical foundation and offers technical insights for the integration of PMS/AOPs technology in the ECs management.展开更多
Designing a heterogeneous interface to improve the kinetics of electrocatalysts represents an effective yet challenging approach for enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herei...Designing a heterogeneous interface to improve the kinetics of electrocatalysts represents an effective yet challenging approach for enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,a simple MOF-assisted etching-pyrolysis strategy is proposed to fabricate an advanced Mott-Schottky(M–S)electrocatalyst composed of Co/CeO_(2)hetero-nanoparticles embedded within N-doped hollow carbon nanoboxes(H-Co/CeO_(2)@NCBs).Notably,the interfacial Co–O–Ce bond bridging productively facilitates the electron transfer and modulates the charge distribution of the active center,thereby contributing to the ORR/OER kinetics.As expected,the optimal M–S H-Co/CeO_(2)@NCBs catalyst exhibits promising bifunctional electrocatalytic activity with a small potential discrepancy of 0.65 V.Theoretical calculations reveal that the built-in electric field in the M–S heterojunction promotes electron transfer in oxygen electrocatalysis and the interfacial bridge-induced electron redistribution optimizes the adsorption/desorption of the oxygen intermediates,leading to reduced activation energy for the bifunctional ORR/OER reactions.Importantly,H-Co/CeO_(2)@NCBs-assembled Zn-air battery(ZAB)delivers high power density(179.8 mW cm^(−2))and long-term stability(400 h).Furthermore,the assembled flexible solid-state ZAB with H-Co/CeO_(2)@NCBs cathode also exhibits excellent charge–discharge reversibility and flexibility at various bending angles.This work provides a novel perspective on developing efficient and stable M–S bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts.展开更多
Electrically controlled solid propellant(ECSP)offers multiple ignition and adjustable burning rate,serving as fuel for next-generation intelligent propulsion systems.To further enhance the combustion performance of EC...Electrically controlled solid propellant(ECSP)offers multiple ignition and adjustable burning rate,serving as fuel for next-generation intelligent propulsion systems.To further enhance the combustion performance of ECSP,a method utilizing electrochemical and thermal decomposition catalysts has been proposed.In this work,we investigated the combustion characteristics of hydroxylamine nitrate(HAN)-based ECSP incorporating cerium oxide(CeO_(2))and graphene oxide(GO)by using an electrically controlled combustion test system.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and linear sweep voltammetry(LSV)were used to measure the electrical conductibility and overpotential of ECSP with various additives,and Tafel curves were calculated.Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC)was employed to investigate the thermal decomposition behavior of ECSP.While the addition of CeO_(2) and GO reduced the conductivity of ECSP,both catalysts exhibited strong electrocatalytic properties and facilitated the thermal decomposition of ECSP.Between two catalysts,GO demonstrated superior electrochemical catalytic performance but weaker thermal decomposition catalytic ability than CeO_(2).The addition of catalysts significantly enhanced the combustion performance of HAN-based ECSP.Specifically,the ignition delay time was shortened by 10%~20%.CeO_(2) raised the burning rate by approximately 20%but GO exhibited a remarkable boost of 40%in burning rate at high voltage.The combination of GO and PVA produced a flame-retardant substance that negatively impacted the ignition delay of ECSP and resulted in a smaller increase in the burning rate of ECSP at low ignition voltages.展开更多
The electrode structures in ignition devices for Electrically Controlled Solid Propellants(ECSP)can be classified into fixed and movable types.In movable electrode structures,springs are typically used to push the ele...The electrode structures in ignition devices for Electrically Controlled Solid Propellants(ECSP)can be classified into fixed and movable types.In movable electrode structures,springs are typically used to push the electrodes and the propellant.The effects of spring pressure on the ignition and combustion of propellants have not yet been studied.In this paper,a universal testing machine and an electrochemical workstation were firstly utilized to investigate the compressive mechanical property and conductivity of Hydroxylamine Nitrate(HAN)-ECSP.The maximum pressure at which the propellant undergoes elastic deformation is 65 kPa.When the spring pressure increased from 5.1 kPa to 20.4 kPa,the propellant resistance decreased from 56.8 X to 36.8 X.Various observation methods were employed to study the process of electrical energy injection and the ignition and combustion characteristics under constant voltage.Appropriately increasing the spring pressure can accelerate the injection of electrical energy into the propellant,increase the electrification current,and thus reduce the initial ignition delay time of the propellant.When the spring pressure is 20.4 kPa,the squeezing speed of the propellant is too fast,making it difficult for the propellant to be adequately heated at the electrode interface,which is unfavorable for ignition.Excessive spring pressure also leads to the accumulation of a large amount of combustion residue on the electrode plate,hindering the mixing and diffusion of hot gases during the second ignition process,preventing the gaseous flame of the propellant.When the spring pressure is 5.1 kPa,improving the working voltage can enhance the repeated ignition characteristics of the propellant.展开更多
The precise tuning of magnetic nanoparticle size and magnetic domains,thereby shaping magnetic properties.However,the dynamic evolution mechanisms of magnetic domain configurations in relation to electromagnetic(EM)at...The precise tuning of magnetic nanoparticle size and magnetic domains,thereby shaping magnetic properties.However,the dynamic evolution mechanisms of magnetic domain configurations in relation to electromagnetic(EM)attenuation behavior remain poorly understood.To address this gap,a thermodynamically controlled periodic coordination strategy is proposed to achieve precise modulation of magnetic nanoparticle spacing.This approach unveils the evolution of magnetic domain configurations,progressing from individual to coupled and ultimately to crosslinked domain configurations.A unique magnetic coupling phenomenon surpasses the Snoek limit in low-frequency range,which is observed through micromagnetic simulation.The crosslinked magnetic configuration achieves effective low-frequency EM wave absorption at 3.68 GHz,encompassing nearly the entire C-band.This exceptional magnetic interaction significantly enhances radar camouflage and thermal insulation properties.Additionally,a robust gradient metamaterial design extends coverage across the full band(2–40 GHz),effectively mitigating the impact of EM pollution on human health and environment.This comprehensive study elucidates the evolution mechanisms of magnetic domain configurations,addresses gaps in dynamic magnetic modulation,and provides novel insights for the development of high-performance,low-frequency EM wave absorption materials.展开更多
1.Introduction.The ever-increasing demands for high-energy-density power supply systems have driven the rapid development of conventional lithium-ion batteries,of which properties are approaching to the ceiling.In the...1.Introduction.The ever-increasing demands for high-energy-density power supply systems have driven the rapid development of conventional lithium-ion batteries,of which properties are approaching to the ceiling.In the meantime,the safety of lithium-ion batteries also grabs more attention as their wide application in consumer electronics and electric vehicles.The safety of battery system can be enhanced inherently by replacing the flammable liquid electrolytes with inorganic solid electrolytes,which makes solid-state battery one of the most promising candidates of next-generation energy storage systems[1-3].Additionally,the improvements in energy density are foreseen as solid electrolytes enable lithium metal anode[4-11]and high-voltage cathodes[12-15].展开更多
Innovative S-scheme heterostructures face intrinsic limitations in charge separation due to insufficient interfacial driving forces.This work pioneers a dual-vacancy engineering strategy to break this bottleneck,const...Innovative S-scheme heterostructures face intrinsic limitations in charge separation due to insufficient interfacial driving forces.This work pioneers a dual-vacancy engineering strategy to break this bottleneck,constructing a plasmonic ZnIn_(2)S_(4-x)MoO_(3-x)(ZIS/MO)S-scheme heterojunction where oxygen and sulfur vacancies synergistically reconfigure charge transfer dynamics via dual-path modulation.Uniquely,sulfur vacancies amplify the built-in electric field(IEF)intensity by enlarging the Fermi level gap,while oxygen and sulfur dual-vacancies induce localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)via free-carrier concentration enhancement.Simultaneously,sulfur vacancies lower the H^(*)adsorption barrier,and dual vacancies amplify photothermal conversion by promoting nonradiative decay,accelerating temperature elevation and kinetics.Electron dynamics confirm that this dual-vacancy synergy prolongs charge carrier lifetime by a factor of 5.23.Consequently,the optimized sulfur vacancy-rich ZnIn_(2)S_(4-x)/MoO_(3-x)(R-ZIS/MO)exhibits remarkable photocatalytic hydrogen production rates of 3.60 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1)under visible light and 22.74 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1) under full-spectrum irradiation,representing 7.8-fold and17.2-fold enhancements,respectively.This study establishes a new paradigm.Targeted dual-vacancy coordination in plasmonic heterostructures enables unprecedented IEF-LSPR co-modulation,opening avenues for high-efficiency solar energy conversion.展开更多
To achieve low-carbon regulation of electric vehicle(EV)charging loads under the“dual carbon”goals,this paper proposes a coordinated scheduling strategy that integrates dynamic carbon factor prediction and multiobje...To achieve low-carbon regulation of electric vehicle(EV)charging loads under the“dual carbon”goals,this paper proposes a coordinated scheduling strategy that integrates dynamic carbon factor prediction and multiobjective optimization.First,a dual-convolution enhanced improved Crossformer prediction model is constructed,which employs parallel 1×1 global and 3×3 local convolutionmodules(Integrated Convolution Block,ICB)formultiscale feature extraction,combinedwith anAdaptive Spectral Block(ASB)to enhance time-series fluctuationmodeling.Based on high-precision predictions,a carbon-electricity cost joint optimization model is further designed to balance economic,environmental,and grid-friendly objectives.The model’s superiority was validated through a case study using real-world data from a renewable-heavy grid.Simulation results show that the proposed multi-objective strategy demonstrated a superior balance compared to baseline and benchmark models,achieving a 15.8%reduction in carbon emissions and a 5.2%reduction in economic costs,while still providing a substantial 22.2%reduction in the peak-valley difference.Its balanced performance significantly outperformed both a single-objective strategy and a state-of-the-art Model Predictive Control(MPC)benchmark,highlighting the advantage of a global optimization approach.This study provides theoretical and technical pathways for dynamic carbon factor-driven EV charging optimization.展开更多
The thermal and electrical conductivities of magnesium alloys are highly sensitive to composition and microstructure,with thermal conductivity varying by up to 20-fold across different as-cast alloy systems,making rap...The thermal and electrical conductivities of magnesium alloys are highly sensitive to composition and microstructure,with thermal conductivity varying by up to 20-fold across different as-cast alloy systems,making rapid and accurate prediction crucial for high-throughput screening and development of high-performance alloys.This study introduces a physics-informed symbolic regression approach that addresses the limitations of traditional methods,including the high computational cost of first-principles calculations and the poor interpretability of machine learning models.Comprehensive datasets comprising 1512 data points from 60 literature sources were analyzed,including thermal conductivity measurements from 52 alloy systems and electrical conductivity measurements from 36 systems.The derived symbolic regression model achieved Mean Absolute Percentage Errors(MAPEs)of 11.2%and 11.4%for thermal conductivity in low and high-component systems,respectively.When integrated with the Smith-Palmer equation,electrical conductivity predictions reached MAPEs of 15.6%and 16.4%.Independent validation on an entirely separate dataset of 554 data points from 53 additional literature sources,including 37 previously unseen alloy systems,confirmed model generalizability with MAPEs of 10.7%-15.2%.Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)analysis was employed to evaluate the relative importance of different features affecting conductivity,while equation decomposition quantified the contribution of individual functional terms.This methodology bridges data-driven prediction with mechanistic understanding,establishing a foundation for knowledge-based design of magnesium alloys with tailored transport properties.展开更多
Accurate short-term electricity price forecasts are essential for market participants to optimize bidding strategies,hedge risk and plan generation schedules.By leveraging advanced data analytics and machine learning ...Accurate short-term electricity price forecasts are essential for market participants to optimize bidding strategies,hedge risk and plan generation schedules.By leveraging advanced data analytics and machine learning methods,accurate and reliable price forecasts can be achieved.This study forecasts day-ahead prices in Türkiye’s electricity market using eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost).We benchmark XGBoost against four alternatives—Support Vector Machines(SVM),Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM),Random Forest(RF),and Gradient Boosting(GBM)—using 8760 hourly observations from 2023 provided by Energy Exchange Istanbul(EXIST).All models were trained on an identical chronological 80/20 train–test split,with hyperparameters tuned via 5-fold cross-validation on the training set.XGBoost achieved the best performance(Mean Absolute Error(MAE)=144.8 TRY/MWh,Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)=201.8 TRY/MWh,coefficient of determination(R^(2))=0.923)while training in 94 s.To enhance interpretability and identify key drivers,we employed Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP),which highlighted a strong association between higher prices and increased natural-gas-based generation.The results provide a clear performance benchmark and practical guidance for selecting forecasting approaches in day-ahead electricity markets.展开更多
Conducting hydrogels have garnered significant interest in the field of wearable electronics.However,simultaneously achieving high transparency,high conductivity,strong adhesion,and self-healing ability within a short...Conducting hydrogels have garnered significant interest in the field of wearable electronics.However,simultaneously achieving high transparency,high conductivity,strong adhesion,and self-healing ability within a short time remains a major challenge.In this study,a multifunctional mussel-inspired hydrogel was synthesized in only 5 min,with polydopamine(PDA)-polypyrrole(Ppy)-polyaniline(PANi)and poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)nanoparticles incorporated into the polyacrylamide(PAM)network.The resulting hydrogel exhibited high transparency(about 90% light transmission in the range of 400-800 nm),high conductivity((95.4±0.4)×10^(-4)S/cm),tensile strength(32.60±1.03 k Pa),strain at break(904.46%±11.50%),and adhesive strength(30-60 k Pa).It also demonstrated rapid self-healing properties(about 48% strength recovery within 1h at 50℃)and water-dependent shape memory behavior.As a wearable strain sensor,the hydrogel successfully detected finger flexion,wrist movements,facial expression changes,and breathing with high sensitivity and stability.The calculated gauge factor(GF)was 7.44±0.31,which is higher than that of many previously reported hydrogels.Compared with previous oyster-inspired or Ppy-based hydrogels,our system showed a much shorter synthesis time,higher transparency,and enhanced multifunctionality.These findings highlight the potential of the proposed hydrogel for next-generation flexible electronics,e-skin,and biomedical monitoring devices.展开更多
Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation technology has been proven to be a viable option for the decontamination of organic pollutants from water bodies.Advanced catalyst design is essential to this technology...Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation technology has been proven to be a viable option for the decontamination of organic pollutants from water bodies.Advanced catalyst design is essential to this technology.Herein,a vanadium-doped LaFeO_(3) perovskite(LFO-V)featuring asymmetric Fe-O-V sites was rationally designed.Thanks to orbital electron interaction between Fe and V atoms,the modified electronic structure elevated electron density near the Fermi energy level while reducing the energy barrier toward effective PMS activation.This facilitated concurrent PMS reduction at the Fe sites to generate SO_(4)^(·-)and·OH(57.7%),and PMS oxidation at V sites to produce ^(1)O_(2)(42.3%).The LFO-V/PMS system demonstrated excellent tetracycline(TC)degradation performance with a 2-fold enhancement in rate constant compared to that of pristine LFO.Further,the LFO-V maintained long-term stability,and the toxicity of degradation intermediates was evaluated through microbial metabolomics.This work establishes an effective route to regulate the PMS activation pathways through precise electronic structure modulation,advancing the rational design of advanced Fenton-like catalysts.展开更多
China ranked first worldwide in the production and export of electric bicycles.As an emerging market for electric bicycles,Malaysia holds significant potential for trade collabor ation with China in this sector.This s...China ranked first worldwide in the production and export of electric bicycles.As an emerging market for electric bicycles,Malaysia holds significant potential for trade collabor ation with China in this sector.This study presents a compar ative analysis of the national electric bicycle standards in China and Malaysia,offering technical insights from a standardization perspective.These insights aim to support Chinese enterprises in strategically positioning their technologies in the Malaysian market.The findings reveal significant differences in technical parameters,safety requirements,and testing methods,highlighting the need for tailored product adapt ation.展开更多
The increasing complexity of China’s electricity market creates substantial challenges for settlement automation,data consistency,and operational scalability.Existing provincial settlement systems are fragmented,lack...The increasing complexity of China’s electricity market creates substantial challenges for settlement automation,data consistency,and operational scalability.Existing provincial settlement systems are fragmented,lack a unified data structure,and depend heavily on manual intervention to process high-frequency and retroactive transactions.To address these limitations,a graph-based unified settlement framework is proposed to enhance automation,flexibility,and adaptability in electricity market settlements.A flexible attribute-graph model is employed to represent heterogeneousmulti-market data,enabling standardized integration,rapid querying,and seamless adaptation to evolving business requirements.An extensible operator library is designed to support configurable settlement rules,and a suite of modular tools—including dataset generation,formula configuration,billing templates,and task scheduling—facilitates end-to-end automated settlement processing.A robust refund-clearing mechanism is further incorporated,utilizing sandbox execution,data-version snapshots,dynamic lineage tracing,and real-time changecapture technologies to enable rapid and accurate recalculations under dynamic policy and data revisions.Case studies based on real-world data from regional Chinese markets validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach,demonstrating marked improvements in computational efficiency,system robustness,and automation.Moreover,enhanced settlement accuracy and high temporal granularity improve price-signal fidelity,promote cost-reflective tariffs,and incentivize energy-efficient and demand-responsive behavior among market participants.The method not only supports equitable and transparent market operations but also provides a generalizable,scalable foundation for modern electricity settlement platforms in increasingly complex and dynamic market environments.展开更多
To address the high costs and operational instability of distribution networks caused by the large-scale integration of distributed energy resources(DERs)(such as photovoltaic(PV)systems,wind turbines(WT),and energy s...To address the high costs and operational instability of distribution networks caused by the large-scale integration of distributed energy resources(DERs)(such as photovoltaic(PV)systems,wind turbines(WT),and energy storage(ES)devices),and the increased grid load fluctuations and safety risks due to uncoordinated electric vehicles(EVs)charging,this paper proposes a novel dual-scale hierarchical collaborative optimization strategy.This strategy decouples system-level economic dispatch from distributed EV agent control,effectively solving the resource coordination conflicts arising from the high computational complexity,poor scalability of existing centralized optimization,or the reliance on local information decision-making in fully decentralized frameworks.At the lower level,an EV charging and discharging model with a hybrid discrete-continuous action space is established,and optimized using an improved Parameterized Deep Q-Network(PDQN)algorithm,which directly handles mode selection and power regulation while embedding physical constraints to ensure safety.At the upper level,microgrid(MG)operators adopt a dynamic pricing strategy optimized through Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)to maximize economic benefits and achieve peak-valley shaving.Simulation results show that the proposed strategy outperforms traditional methods,reducing the total operating cost of the MG by 21.6%,decreasing the peak-to-valley load difference by 33.7%,reducing the number of voltage limit violations by 88.9%,and lowering the average electricity cost for EV users by 15.2%.This method brings a win-win result for operators and users,providing a reliable and efficient scheduling solution for distribution networks with high renewable energy penetration rates.展开更多
文摘Severe injuries due to electricity are rare,but when they occur,they may cause life-threatening conditions.In order to define the severity of electrical injuries,the most widely used classification is voltage power.Injuries are mainly classified into two categories as low voltage electrical injuries(LVEI)(<1000 V)and high voltage electrical injuries(>1000 V).Fatal injuries have been reported mostly after high-voltage electric shock.Low-voltage electricity current rarely causes severe trauma and complications.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-049)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302800)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.WK3510000013)。
文摘Recent advances in van der Waals(vdW) ferroelectrics have sparked the development of related heterostructures with non-volatile and field-tunable functionalities. In vdW ferroelectric heterojunctions, the interfacial electrical characteristics play a crucial role in determining their performance and functionality. In this study,we explore the interfacial polarization coupling in two-dimensional(2D) ferroelectric heterojunctions by fabricating a graphene/h-BN/CuInP_(2)S_(6)/α-In_(2)Se_(3)/Au ferroelectric field-effect transistor. By varying the gate electric field, the CuInP_(2)S_(6)/α-In_(2)Se_(3) heterojunction displays distinct interfacial polarization coupling states, resulting in significantly different electrical transport behaviors. Under strong gate electric fields, the migration of Cu ions further enhances the interfacial polarization effect, enabling continuous tuning of both the polarization state and carrier concentration in α-In_(2)Se_(3). Our findings offer valuable insights for the development of novel multifunctional devices based on 2D ferroelectric materials.
文摘提出一种改进的ELECTRE(elimination et choix traduisant la réalité)动态模糊多属性决策方法。首先,对动态决策矩阵运用熵权法获得客观的时间权重;其次,提出改进的ELECTRE方法,针对直觉模糊数不可直接比较的问题,根据隶属度、非隶属度值不同的物理含义,分别构造其级别优先的一致性和矛盾性动态指标函数,再融合为各属性的一致性和矛盾性动态指标;随后,根据其相反的赋值意义,利用时间权重分别进行集成,获得综合各时间段的一致性和矛盾性指标并进行耦合,从而得到各方案的赋值级别优先关系,最终完成方案排序。实验数据验证了方法的有效性与可行性。
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.82272491)。
文摘The continuous extension of human life expectancy and the global trend of population aging have contributed to a marked increase in the incidence of musculoskeletal diseases,with fractures and osteoporosis being prominent examples.Consequently,promoting bone regeneration is a crucial medical challenge that demands immediate attention.As early as the mid-20th century,researchers revealed that electrical stimulation could effectively promote the healing and regeneration of bone tissue.This is achieved by mimicking the endogenous electric field within bone tissue,which influences cellular behavior and molecular mechanisms.In recent years,electroactive hydrogels responsive to electric field stimulation have been developed and applied to regulate cell functions at different stages of bone regeneration.This paper elaborates on the regulatory effects of electrical stimulation on MSCs,macrophages,and vascular endothelial cells during the process of bone regeneration.It also involves the activation of relevant ion channels and signaling pathways.Subsequently,it comprehensively reviews various electric-field-responsive hydrogels developed in recent years,covering aspects such as material selection,preparation methods,characteristics,and their applications in bone regeneration.Ultimately,it provides an objective summary of the existing deficiencies in hydrogel materials and research,and looks ahead to future development directions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2022YFC3004605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Science Fund(Grant No.52104087).
文摘To advance the theoretical understanding,technological development,and field application of electric charge induction for monitoring rock deformation and failure,this study investigates the induced electric charge generated during the deformation and failure of igneous rocks.The charge originates mainly from a combination of electrical polarization and triboelectric effects.Through laboratory experiments,we analyzed the time-frequency evolution of induced electric charge signals and identified relevant monitoring parameters.An online downhole electric charge induction monitoring system was developed and validated in the field.Experimental results show that the dominant frequency range of induced electric charge signals generated during igneous rock deformation and failure lies between 0 and 23 Hz,and a low-pass finite impulse response(FIR)filter effectively suppresses noise.Optimal sensor distances for monitoring cubic and cylindrical specimens were determined to be 17 mm and 13 mm,respectively.We proposed early warning indicators,including the maximum absolute value of the induced electric charge,the arithmetic mean value,the distribution dispersion coefficient,and the cumulative sum value.In field application,time-domain curves and spatial distribution charts of these warning indicators correspond well with changes in abutment stress ahead of the mining face,offering indirect insights into local stress evolution.This research provides technical and equipment support for the application of electric charge induction technology to monitoring and early warning of coal bursts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278156)the Guangdong Special Support Program Project(No.2021JC060580)+1 种基金the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST-Doctoral Student Special Plan,the China Scholarship Council Program(No.202406150148)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2023A1515011186).
文摘Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)are an effective way to remove emerging contaminants(ECs)from water.The catalytic process involving PMS is hindered by the suboptimal electron trans-fer efficiency of current catalysts,the further application of AOPs technology is limited.Here,it is proposed that the interfacial electric field can be controlled by bor(B)-doped FeNC catalysts,which shows significant advantages in the efficient generation,release and participation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the reaction.The super exchange interaction between Fe sites and N and B sites is realized through the directional transfer of electrons in the interfacial electric field,which ensures the high efficiency and stability of the PMS catalytic process.B doping increases the d orbitals distribution at Fermi level,which facilitates enhanced electron transition activity,thereby promoting the effective generation of (1)^O_(2).At the same time,orbital hybridization causes the center of the d band to move to a lower energy level,which not only contributes to the desorption process of (1)^O_(2),but also accelerates its release.In addition,B-doping also improved the adsorption capacity of organic pollutants and shortened the migration distance of ROS,thereby significantly improving the degradation efficiency of ECs.The B-doping strategy outlined offers a novel approach to the development of FeNC catalysts,it lays a theoretical foundation and offers technical insights for the integration of PMS/AOPs technology in the ECs management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20550,52273264 and 52470073)the Key Project of the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZD2024B001)Outstanding Youth Fund of Heilongjiang Province(JQ2022E005).
文摘Designing a heterogeneous interface to improve the kinetics of electrocatalysts represents an effective yet challenging approach for enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,a simple MOF-assisted etching-pyrolysis strategy is proposed to fabricate an advanced Mott-Schottky(M–S)electrocatalyst composed of Co/CeO_(2)hetero-nanoparticles embedded within N-doped hollow carbon nanoboxes(H-Co/CeO_(2)@NCBs).Notably,the interfacial Co–O–Ce bond bridging productively facilitates the electron transfer and modulates the charge distribution of the active center,thereby contributing to the ORR/OER kinetics.As expected,the optimal M–S H-Co/CeO_(2)@NCBs catalyst exhibits promising bifunctional electrocatalytic activity with a small potential discrepancy of 0.65 V.Theoretical calculations reveal that the built-in electric field in the M–S heterojunction promotes electron transfer in oxygen electrocatalysis and the interfacial bridge-induced electron redistribution optimizes the adsorption/desorption of the oxygen intermediates,leading to reduced activation energy for the bifunctional ORR/OER reactions.Importantly,H-Co/CeO_(2)@NCBs-assembled Zn-air battery(ZAB)delivers high power density(179.8 mW cm^(−2))and long-term stability(400 h).Furthermore,the assembled flexible solid-state ZAB with H-Co/CeO_(2)@NCBs cathode also exhibits excellent charge–discharge reversibility and flexibility at various bending angles.This work provides a novel perspective on developing efficient and stable M–S bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12074187).
文摘Electrically controlled solid propellant(ECSP)offers multiple ignition and adjustable burning rate,serving as fuel for next-generation intelligent propulsion systems.To further enhance the combustion performance of ECSP,a method utilizing electrochemical and thermal decomposition catalysts has been proposed.In this work,we investigated the combustion characteristics of hydroxylamine nitrate(HAN)-based ECSP incorporating cerium oxide(CeO_(2))and graphene oxide(GO)by using an electrically controlled combustion test system.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and linear sweep voltammetry(LSV)were used to measure the electrical conductibility and overpotential of ECSP with various additives,and Tafel curves were calculated.Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC)was employed to investigate the thermal decomposition behavior of ECSP.While the addition of CeO_(2) and GO reduced the conductivity of ECSP,both catalysts exhibited strong electrocatalytic properties and facilitated the thermal decomposition of ECSP.Between two catalysts,GO demonstrated superior electrochemical catalytic performance but weaker thermal decomposition catalytic ability than CeO_(2).The addition of catalysts significantly enhanced the combustion performance of HAN-based ECSP.Specifically,the ignition delay time was shortened by 10%~20%.CeO_(2) raised the burning rate by approximately 20%but GO exhibited a remarkable boost of 40%in burning rate at high voltage.The combination of GO and PVA produced a flame-retardant substance that negatively impacted the ignition delay of ECSP and resulted in a smaller increase in the burning rate of ECSP at low ignition voltages.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.T222100,22205258,52302485 and 2024JJ5404).
文摘The electrode structures in ignition devices for Electrically Controlled Solid Propellants(ECSP)can be classified into fixed and movable types.In movable electrode structures,springs are typically used to push the electrodes and the propellant.The effects of spring pressure on the ignition and combustion of propellants have not yet been studied.In this paper,a universal testing machine and an electrochemical workstation were firstly utilized to investigate the compressive mechanical property and conductivity of Hydroxylamine Nitrate(HAN)-ECSP.The maximum pressure at which the propellant undergoes elastic deformation is 65 kPa.When the spring pressure increased from 5.1 kPa to 20.4 kPa,the propellant resistance decreased from 56.8 X to 36.8 X.Various observation methods were employed to study the process of electrical energy injection and the ignition and combustion characteristics under constant voltage.Appropriately increasing the spring pressure can accelerate the injection of electrical energy into the propellant,increase the electrification current,and thus reduce the initial ignition delay time of the propellant.When the spring pressure is 20.4 kPa,the squeezing speed of the propellant is too fast,making it difficult for the propellant to be adequately heated at the electrode interface,which is unfavorable for ignition.Excessive spring pressure also leads to the accumulation of a large amount of combustion residue on the electrode plate,hindering the mixing and diffusion of hot gases during the second ignition process,preventing the gaseous flame of the propellant.When the spring pressure is 5.1 kPa,improving the working voltage can enhance the repeated ignition characteristics of the propellant.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22265021,52231007,and 12327804)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(2020Z056056003)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20232BAB212004).
文摘The precise tuning of magnetic nanoparticle size and magnetic domains,thereby shaping magnetic properties.However,the dynamic evolution mechanisms of magnetic domain configurations in relation to electromagnetic(EM)attenuation behavior remain poorly understood.To address this gap,a thermodynamically controlled periodic coordination strategy is proposed to achieve precise modulation of magnetic nanoparticle spacing.This approach unveils the evolution of magnetic domain configurations,progressing from individual to coupled and ultimately to crosslinked domain configurations.A unique magnetic coupling phenomenon surpasses the Snoek limit in low-frequency range,which is observed through micromagnetic simulation.The crosslinked magnetic configuration achieves effective low-frequency EM wave absorption at 3.68 GHz,encompassing nearly the entire C-band.This exceptional magnetic interaction significantly enhances radar camouflage and thermal insulation properties.Additionally,a robust gradient metamaterial design extends coverage across the full band(2–40 GHz),effectively mitigating the impact of EM pollution on human health and environment.This comprehensive study elucidates the evolution mechanisms of magnetic domain configurations,addresses gaps in dynamic magnetic modulation,and provides novel insights for the development of high-performance,low-frequency EM wave absorption materials.
文摘1.Introduction.The ever-increasing demands for high-energy-density power supply systems have driven the rapid development of conventional lithium-ion batteries,of which properties are approaching to the ceiling.In the meantime,the safety of lithium-ion batteries also grabs more attention as their wide application in consumer electronics and electric vehicles.The safety of battery system can be enhanced inherently by replacing the flammable liquid electrolytes with inorganic solid electrolytes,which makes solid-state battery one of the most promising candidates of next-generation energy storage systems[1-3].Additionally,the improvements in energy density are foreseen as solid electrolytes enable lithium metal anode[4-11]and high-voltage cathodes[12-15].
基金supported by the NSF of China(Nos.22579102 and 22405160)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2024AFB288)+2 种基金the Natural Science Research Project of Yichang City(Grant A25-3-007)the 111 Project(D20015)the Key Project Foundation of Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory(SC250009)。
文摘Innovative S-scheme heterostructures face intrinsic limitations in charge separation due to insufficient interfacial driving forces.This work pioneers a dual-vacancy engineering strategy to break this bottleneck,constructing a plasmonic ZnIn_(2)S_(4-x)MoO_(3-x)(ZIS/MO)S-scheme heterojunction where oxygen and sulfur vacancies synergistically reconfigure charge transfer dynamics via dual-path modulation.Uniquely,sulfur vacancies amplify the built-in electric field(IEF)intensity by enlarging the Fermi level gap,while oxygen and sulfur dual-vacancies induce localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)via free-carrier concentration enhancement.Simultaneously,sulfur vacancies lower the H^(*)adsorption barrier,and dual vacancies amplify photothermal conversion by promoting nonradiative decay,accelerating temperature elevation and kinetics.Electron dynamics confirm that this dual-vacancy synergy prolongs charge carrier lifetime by a factor of 5.23.Consequently,the optimized sulfur vacancy-rich ZnIn_(2)S_(4-x)/MoO_(3-x)(R-ZIS/MO)exhibits remarkable photocatalytic hydrogen production rates of 3.60 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1)under visible light and 22.74 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1) under full-spectrum irradiation,representing 7.8-fold and17.2-fold enhancements,respectively.This study establishes a new paradigm.Targeted dual-vacancy coordination in plasmonic heterostructures enables unprecedented IEF-LSPR co-modulation,opening avenues for high-efficiency solar energy conversion.
基金Supported by State Grid Corporation of China Science and Technology Project:Research on Key Technologies for Intelligent Carbon Metrology in Vehicle-to-Grid Interaction(Project Number:B3018524000Q).
文摘To achieve low-carbon regulation of electric vehicle(EV)charging loads under the“dual carbon”goals,this paper proposes a coordinated scheduling strategy that integrates dynamic carbon factor prediction and multiobjective optimization.First,a dual-convolution enhanced improved Crossformer prediction model is constructed,which employs parallel 1×1 global and 3×3 local convolutionmodules(Integrated Convolution Block,ICB)formultiscale feature extraction,combinedwith anAdaptive Spectral Block(ASB)to enhance time-series fluctuationmodeling.Based on high-precision predictions,a carbon-electricity cost joint optimization model is further designed to balance economic,environmental,and grid-friendly objectives.The model’s superiority was validated through a case study using real-world data from a renewable-heavy grid.Simulation results show that the proposed multi-objective strategy demonstrated a superior balance compared to baseline and benchmark models,achieving a 15.8%reduction in carbon emissions and a 5.2%reduction in economic costs,while still providing a substantial 22.2%reduction in the peak-valley difference.Its balanced performance significantly outperformed both a single-objective strategy and a state-of-the-art Model Predictive Control(MPC)benchmark,highlighting the advantage of a global optimization approach.This study provides theoretical and technical pathways for dynamic carbon factor-driven EV charging optimization.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB3712401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274301)+2 种基金the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2023Z0530S6005)Academician Workstation of Kunming University of Science and Technology(2024),Ningbo Yongjiang Talent-Introduction Program(No.2022A-023C)Zhejiang Phenomenological Materials Technology Co.,Ltd.,China.
文摘The thermal and electrical conductivities of magnesium alloys are highly sensitive to composition and microstructure,with thermal conductivity varying by up to 20-fold across different as-cast alloy systems,making rapid and accurate prediction crucial for high-throughput screening and development of high-performance alloys.This study introduces a physics-informed symbolic regression approach that addresses the limitations of traditional methods,including the high computational cost of first-principles calculations and the poor interpretability of machine learning models.Comprehensive datasets comprising 1512 data points from 60 literature sources were analyzed,including thermal conductivity measurements from 52 alloy systems and electrical conductivity measurements from 36 systems.The derived symbolic regression model achieved Mean Absolute Percentage Errors(MAPEs)of 11.2%and 11.4%for thermal conductivity in low and high-component systems,respectively.When integrated with the Smith-Palmer equation,electrical conductivity predictions reached MAPEs of 15.6%and 16.4%.Independent validation on an entirely separate dataset of 554 data points from 53 additional literature sources,including 37 previously unseen alloy systems,confirmed model generalizability with MAPEs of 10.7%-15.2%.Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)analysis was employed to evaluate the relative importance of different features affecting conductivity,while equation decomposition quantified the contribution of individual functional terms.This methodology bridges data-driven prediction with mechanistic understanding,establishing a foundation for knowledge-based design of magnesium alloys with tailored transport properties.
文摘Accurate short-term electricity price forecasts are essential for market participants to optimize bidding strategies,hedge risk and plan generation schedules.By leveraging advanced data analytics and machine learning methods,accurate and reliable price forecasts can be achieved.This study forecasts day-ahead prices in Türkiye’s electricity market using eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost).We benchmark XGBoost against four alternatives—Support Vector Machines(SVM),Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM),Random Forest(RF),and Gradient Boosting(GBM)—using 8760 hourly observations from 2023 provided by Energy Exchange Istanbul(EXIST).All models were trained on an identical chronological 80/20 train–test split,with hyperparameters tuned via 5-fold cross-validation on the training set.XGBoost achieved the best performance(Mean Absolute Error(MAE)=144.8 TRY/MWh,Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)=201.8 TRY/MWh,coefficient of determination(R^(2))=0.923)while training in 94 s.To enhance interpretability and identify key drivers,we employed Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP),which highlighted a strong association between higher prices and increased natural-gas-based generation.The results provide a clear performance benchmark and practical guidance for selecting forecasting approaches in day-ahead electricity markets.
文摘Conducting hydrogels have garnered significant interest in the field of wearable electronics.However,simultaneously achieving high transparency,high conductivity,strong adhesion,and self-healing ability within a short time remains a major challenge.In this study,a multifunctional mussel-inspired hydrogel was synthesized in only 5 min,with polydopamine(PDA)-polypyrrole(Ppy)-polyaniline(PANi)and poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)nanoparticles incorporated into the polyacrylamide(PAM)network.The resulting hydrogel exhibited high transparency(about 90% light transmission in the range of 400-800 nm),high conductivity((95.4±0.4)×10^(-4)S/cm),tensile strength(32.60±1.03 k Pa),strain at break(904.46%±11.50%),and adhesive strength(30-60 k Pa).It also demonstrated rapid self-healing properties(about 48% strength recovery within 1h at 50℃)and water-dependent shape memory behavior.As a wearable strain sensor,the hydrogel successfully detected finger flexion,wrist movements,facial expression changes,and breathing with high sensitivity and stability.The calculated gauge factor(GF)was 7.44±0.31,which is higher than that of many previously reported hydrogels.Compared with previous oyster-inspired or Ppy-based hydrogels,our system showed a much shorter synthesis time,higher transparency,and enhanced multifunctionality.These findings highlight the potential of the proposed hydrogel for next-generation flexible electronics,e-skin,and biomedical monitoring devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.W2412093 and 52170068)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT24RC(3)079).
文摘Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation technology has been proven to be a viable option for the decontamination of organic pollutants from water bodies.Advanced catalyst design is essential to this technology.Herein,a vanadium-doped LaFeO_(3) perovskite(LFO-V)featuring asymmetric Fe-O-V sites was rationally designed.Thanks to orbital electron interaction between Fe and V atoms,the modified electronic structure elevated electron density near the Fermi energy level while reducing the energy barrier toward effective PMS activation.This facilitated concurrent PMS reduction at the Fe sites to generate SO_(4)^(·-)and·OH(57.7%),and PMS oxidation at V sites to produce ^(1)O_(2)(42.3%).The LFO-V/PMS system demonstrated excellent tetracycline(TC)degradation performance with a 2-fold enhancement in rate constant compared to that of pristine LFO.Further,the LFO-V maintained long-term stability,and the toxicity of degradation intermediates was evaluated through microbial metabolomics.This work establishes an effective route to regulate the PMS activation pathways through precise electronic structure modulation,advancing the rational design of advanced Fenton-like catalysts.
文摘China ranked first worldwide in the production and export of electric bicycles.As an emerging market for electric bicycles,Malaysia holds significant potential for trade collabor ation with China in this sector.This study presents a compar ative analysis of the national electric bicycle standards in China and Malaysia,offering technical insights from a standardization perspective.These insights aim to support Chinese enterprises in strategically positioning their technologies in the Malaysian market.The findings reveal significant differences in technical parameters,safety requirements,and testing methods,highlighting the need for tailored product adapt ation.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(5108-202355437A-3-2-ZN).
文摘The increasing complexity of China’s electricity market creates substantial challenges for settlement automation,data consistency,and operational scalability.Existing provincial settlement systems are fragmented,lack a unified data structure,and depend heavily on manual intervention to process high-frequency and retroactive transactions.To address these limitations,a graph-based unified settlement framework is proposed to enhance automation,flexibility,and adaptability in electricity market settlements.A flexible attribute-graph model is employed to represent heterogeneousmulti-market data,enabling standardized integration,rapid querying,and seamless adaptation to evolving business requirements.An extensible operator library is designed to support configurable settlement rules,and a suite of modular tools—including dataset generation,formula configuration,billing templates,and task scheduling—facilitates end-to-end automated settlement processing.A robust refund-clearing mechanism is further incorporated,utilizing sandbox execution,data-version snapshots,dynamic lineage tracing,and real-time changecapture technologies to enable rapid and accurate recalculations under dynamic policy and data revisions.Case studies based on real-world data from regional Chinese markets validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach,demonstrating marked improvements in computational efficiency,system robustness,and automation.Moreover,enhanced settlement accuracy and high temporal granularity improve price-signal fidelity,promote cost-reflective tariffs,and incentivize energy-efficient and demand-responsive behavior among market participants.The method not only supports equitable and transparent market operations but also provides a generalizable,scalable foundation for modern electricity settlement platforms in increasingly complex and dynamic market environments.
基金supported in part by the Research on Key Technologies for the Development of an Active Balancing Cooperative Control Systemfor Distribution Networks and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 521532240029,Grant 62303006.
文摘To address the high costs and operational instability of distribution networks caused by the large-scale integration of distributed energy resources(DERs)(such as photovoltaic(PV)systems,wind turbines(WT),and energy storage(ES)devices),and the increased grid load fluctuations and safety risks due to uncoordinated electric vehicles(EVs)charging,this paper proposes a novel dual-scale hierarchical collaborative optimization strategy.This strategy decouples system-level economic dispatch from distributed EV agent control,effectively solving the resource coordination conflicts arising from the high computational complexity,poor scalability of existing centralized optimization,or the reliance on local information decision-making in fully decentralized frameworks.At the lower level,an EV charging and discharging model with a hybrid discrete-continuous action space is established,and optimized using an improved Parameterized Deep Q-Network(PDQN)algorithm,which directly handles mode selection and power regulation while embedding physical constraints to ensure safety.At the upper level,microgrid(MG)operators adopt a dynamic pricing strategy optimized through Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)to maximize economic benefits and achieve peak-valley shaving.Simulation results show that the proposed strategy outperforms traditional methods,reducing the total operating cost of the MG by 21.6%,decreasing the peak-to-valley load difference by 33.7%,reducing the number of voltage limit violations by 88.9%,and lowering the average electricity cost for EV users by 15.2%.This method brings a win-win result for operators and users,providing a reliable and efficient scheduling solution for distribution networks with high renewable energy penetration rates.
