Cancer is one of the two leading human fatal diseases.Drug development for cancer intervention has progressed well in past decades yet existing drugs face many limitations in applications and effectiveness and are oft...Cancer is one of the two leading human fatal diseases.Drug development for cancer intervention has progressed well in past decades yet existing drugs face many limitations in applications and effectiveness and are often associated with serious of side effects,which can further deteriorate the patients’quality of life.Recent development of natural product based and therapeutically sound anti-cancer agents have gained popularity in the field of functional foods,in which a few have demonstrated efficacy and minimal toxicity toward the prevention and treatment of carcinogenesis.With multiple active molecular components,citrus peels and derived extracts have demonstrated potent efficacious properties against various cancers due in large part to the rich content of flavonoids present in citrus peels.This review summarizes the results of currently available data regarding the in vivo anti-cancer activity of citrus peel flavonoids,and identifies opportunities for subsequent human clinical trials to assess preventive and therapeutic effects in the near future.展开更多
A new fertilizer of cocrystal type,known as durably efficacious ammonium bicarbonate(DEAB),has been developed by adding a certain amount of dicyandiamide(DCD)as an ammonia-stabilizing agent to ammonium bearbenate(AB)d...A new fertilizer of cocrystal type,known as durably efficacious ammonium bicarbonate(DEAB),has been developed by adding a certain amount of dicyandiamide(DCD)as an ammonia-stabilizing agent to ammonium bearbenate(AB)during the process of its production.As compared with AB,DEAB was found to have a reduction of direct volatilization loss by 53%,a fertilizer availability period prolonged from 35-45 to 90-110 d,and an increase in the rate of nitrogen in fertilizer being utilized by 5.9%-10.2%,and a saving of the amount of fertilizer to be ap-phed by 20%-30%for the same level of yield,or an increase of the crop yield by over 10%for the same level of ni-tregen fertilization;in addition,it was found to show usually a function of promoting the crop to early mature.It can be applied as basal dressing all in one time to soil and thus also used as a labour-saving and crop yield-increasing fertil-izer for is non-mtertillage,plastics film covering and water-saving agriculture.展开更多
Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea(CID)is a major concern for cancer patients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.Currently,the clinical management of CID is limited.The utilization of antidiarrheal ...Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea(CID)is a major concern for cancer patients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.Currently,the clinical management of CID is limited.The utilization of antidiarrheal medications,such as loperamide and octreotide,is relatively limited because of their unsatisfactory efficacy and adverse effects.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has attracted great interest because of its beneficial effect in treating CID,which has multitarget and low-toxicity therapeutic characteristics.TCM exhibits remarkable therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of CID.It can alleviate and treat CID by regulating chemical drug metabolism,improving the integrity of the intestinal barrier,stimulating proliferation while suppressing the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells,ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation and regulating bile acids and aquaporins.However,large-scale,randomized,double-blind clinical trials of TCM for the treatment of CID are lacking,and most preclinical experiments have not been translated to clinical trials.Accordingly,this review highlights the clinical efficacy and molecular mechanisms of TCM against CID via PubMed,Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure and proposes that future research on TCM against CID should focus on strengthening the connection from bench to bed,which may help to comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic potential of TCM against CID.展开更多
To the Editor:Theoretically,autologous liver transplantation is posited as a treatment for patients experiencing traumatic liver rupture.How-ever,the procedural complexity and its infrequent application by the medical...To the Editor:Theoretically,autologous liver transplantation is posited as a treatment for patients experiencing traumatic liver rupture.How-ever,the procedural complexity and its infrequent application by the medical community have resulted in a lack of documented suc-cesses.This report presented the efficacious intervention in a pa-tient presenting with polytraumatic injuries involving the thoracic and abdominal regions,namely right-sided hemothorax,contusion and hematoma of the right lung,splenic rupture,lateral damage to the common bile duct,disruption of the left portal vein branch and left hepatic duct,incisions in the hepatic segments IV,V,VI,VII,and VIII,laceration of the right adrenal gland,rupture of the right hepatic venous trunk and retro-hepatic inferior vena cava(RHIVC),and pancreatic hematoma.展开更多
Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)is an important stage of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer.Effective treatment and regulation of CAG are essential to prevent its progression to malignancy.Traditional Chinese medic...Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)is an important stage of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer.Effective treatment and regulation of CAG are essential to prevent its progression to malignancy.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has shown multi-targeted efficacy in CAG treatment,with advantages in enhancing gastric mucosal barrier defense,improving microcirculation,modulating inflammatory and immune responses,and promoting lesion healing,etc.Clinical studies and meta-analyses indicate that TCM provides significant benefits,with specific Chinese herbal compounds and monomers demonstrating protective effects on the gastric mucosa through mechanisms including anti-inflammation,antioxidation,and regulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis,etc.Finally,it is pointed out that the efficacy of TCM in the treatment of CAG requires standardized research and unified standards,and constantly clarifies and improves the evaluation criteria of each dimension of gastric mucosal barrier function.展开更多
Objective To observe the efficacy of Shugan Tiaoshen(liver-soothing and mind-regulating)needling method in the treatment of patients with postherpetic neuralgia(PHN).Methods A total of 66 patients with PHN were random...Objective To observe the efficacy of Shugan Tiaoshen(liver-soothing and mind-regulating)needling method in the treatment of patients with postherpetic neuralgia(PHN).Methods A total of 66 patients with PHN were randomly divided into acupuncture group and control group,33 cases in each one,by the random number table method.The acupuncture group received Shugan Tiaoshen needling method plus gabapentin,whereas the control group received the oral administration of gabapentin and sham acupuncture.Numerical Rating Scale(NRS),State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI)and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)were used to evaluate the pain condition,anxiety symptom and sleep quality.The effective rate and adverse events were also evaluated and recorded during the treatment.Results After eight weeks of treatment,the NRS scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05)at all time points,with statistically significant difference between the groups(P<0.05).The scores of STAI and PSQI of the acupuncture group were significantly lower than the scores before treatment(P<0.05).The scores of STAI for anxiety symptom and PSQI of the acupuncture group were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05),and the effective rate of the acupuncture group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in the acupuncture group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Shugan Tiaoshen needling method showed satisfactory efficacy in treating PHN,and could alleviate the pain,relieve the anxiety symptoms,promote sleep,and reduce the adverse reactions of gabapentin in patients with PHN.展开更多
In the contemporary medical landscape,the burgeoning interest in natural therapies,particularly for managing gastrointestinal disorders,has brought traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to the forefront.This article explai...In the contemporary medical landscape,the burgeoning interest in natural therapies,particularly for managing gastrointestinal disorders,has brought traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to the forefront.This article explains the core principles and clinical applications of TCM in treating these conditions,furthering the discourse through an examination of integrated TCM strategies,as demonstrated in the study by Zhou et al.While TCM has shown promising clinical outcomes,it encounters significant hurdles in standardization,mechanistic research,and clinical validation.Future investigations should aim to solidify the scientific underpinnings of TCM and expand its use in gastrointestinal disease management,striving for a seamless fusion of traditional and contemporary medical practices.展开更多
BACKGROUND Most patients who were included in previous studies on achalasia had increased lower esophageal sphincter(LES)pressure.Peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)has been confirmed to be effective at relieving the cli...BACKGROUND Most patients who were included in previous studies on achalasia had increased lower esophageal sphincter(LES)pressure.Peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)has been confirmed to be effective at relieving the clinical symptoms of achalasia associated with increased LES pressure.AIM To identify the safety and efficacy of POEM for patients with normal LES integrated relaxation pressure(LES-IRP).METHODS The clinical data of patients who underwent POEM successfully in The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.A total of 481 patients who underwent preoperative high-resolution manometry(HRM)at our hospital were ultimately included in this research.According to the HRM results,the patients were divided into two groups:71 patients were included in the normal LES-IRP group(LES-IRP<15 mmHg)and 410 patients were included in the increased LES-IRP group(LES-IRP≥15 mmHg).Clinical characteristics,procedure-related parameters,adverse events,and outcomes were compared between the two groups to evaluate the safety and efficacy of POEM for patients with normal LES-IRP.RESULTS Among the 481 patients included in our study,209 were males and 272 were females,with a mean age of 44.2 years.All patients underwent POEM without severe adverse events.The median pre-treatment Eckardt scores of the normal LES-IRP and increased LES-IRP groups were 7.0 and 7.0(P=0.132),respectively,decreasing to 1.0 and 1.0 post-treatment(P=0.572).The clinical success rate of the normal LES-IRP group was 87.3%(62/71),and that of the increased LES-IRP group was 91.2%(374/410)(P=0.298).Reflux symptoms were measured by the GerdQ questionnaire,and the percentages of patients with GerdQ scores≥9 in the normal LES-IRP and increased LES-IRP groups were 8.5%and 10.7%,respectively(P=0.711).After matching,the rates of clinical success and the rates of GerdQ score≥9 were not significantly different between the two groups.CONCLUSION Our results suggest that POEM is safe and effective for achalasia and patients with normal LES-IRP.In addition,in patients with normal LES-IRP,compared with those with increased LES-IRP,POEM was not associated with a greater incidence of reflux symptoms.展开更多
Network pharmacology has gained widespread application in drug discovery,particularly in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)research,which is characterized by its“multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway”nature....Network pharmacology has gained widespread application in drug discovery,particularly in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)research,which is characterized by its“multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway”nature.Through the integration of network biology,TCM network pharmacology enables systematic evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and detailed elucidation of action mechanisms,establishing a novel research paradigm for TCM modernization.The rapid advancement of machine learning,particularly revolutionary deep learning methods,has substantially enhanced artificial intelligence(AI)technology,offering significant potential to advance TCM network pharmacology research.This paper describes the methodology of TCM network pharmacology,encompassing ingredient identification,network construction,network analysis,and experimental validation.Furthermore,it summarizes key strategies for constructing various networks and analyzing constructed networks using AI methods.Finally,it addresses challenges and future directions regarding cell-cell communication(CCC)-based network construction,analysis,and validation,providing valuable insights for TCM network pharmacology.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Tianma Gouteng Decoction combined with Betahistine Mesylate in patients with posterior circulation ischemic vertigo(PCI).Methods:Eighty-two patients with PCI who visited...Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Tianma Gouteng Decoction combined with Betahistine Mesylate in patients with posterior circulation ischemic vertigo(PCI).Methods:Eighty-two patients with PCI who visited the hospital from February 2024 to February 2025 were selected as samples and randomly divided into two groups.Group A received Tianma Gouteng Decoction combined with Betahistine Mesylate,while Group B received only Betahistine Mesylate.The efficacy,syndrome scores,hemodynamics,and quality of life indicators were compared between the two groups.Results:The efficacy of PCI treatment in Group A was higher than that in Group B(P<0.05).The syndrome scores in Group A were lower than those in Group B(P<0.05).The peak systolic velocity(PSV)of the basilar artery and left and right vertebral arteries in Group A were higher than those in Group B(P<0.05).The quality of life(SF-36)score in Group A was higher than that in Group B(P<0.05).Conclusion:Tianma Gouteng Decoction combined with Betahistine Mesylate is effective and feasible in the treatment of PCI,with improved hemodynamic indicators and reduced disease scores.展开更多
Objective The analgesic effect of acupuncture has been widely accepted.Nevertheless,the mechanism behind its analgesic effect remains elusive,thus impeding the progress of research geared toward enhancing the analgesi...Objective The analgesic effect of acupuncture has been widely accepted.Nevertheless,the mechanism behind its analgesic effect remains elusive,thus impeding the progress of research geared toward enhancing the analgesic effect of acupuncture.This paper investigated the role of acupuncture needle surface textures on acupuncture’s analgesic effect by creating four experimental acupuncture needles with different patterns of surface augmentation.Methods Four types of acupuncture needles with different surface textures(the lined needle,circle needle,sandpaper needle,and threaded needle)were designed.Additionally,the force/torque measurement system used a robot arm and mechanical sensor to measure the force on the needle during insertion and manipulation.To perform acupuncture analgesia experiments,four experimental acupuncture needles and a normal needle were inserted into the Zusanli(ST36)acupoint of rats with inflammatory pain.By comparing the force and torque and the analgesic efficacy of the different acupuncture needles,these experiments tested the role of acupuncture needle body texture on acupuncture analgesia.Results The analgesic effects of different acupuncture needle body textures varied.Specifically,the force required to penetrate the skin with the lined needle was not greater than that for the normal needle;however,the needle with inscribed circles and the sandpaper-roughened needle both required greater force for insertion.Additionally,the torque of the lined needle reached 2×10^(-4)N·m under twisting manipulation,which was four times greater the torque of a normal needle(5×10^(-5)N·m).Furthermore,the lined needle improved pain threshold and mast cell degranulation rate compared to the normal needle.Conclusion Optimizing the texture of acupuncture needles can enhance acupuncture analgesia.The texture of our experimental acupuncture needles had a significant impact on the force needed to penetrate the skin and the torque needed to manipulate the needle;it was also linked to variable analgesic effects.This study provides a theoretical basis for enhancing the analgesic efficacy of acupuncture through the modification of needles and promoting the development of acupuncture therapy.展开更多
Peptic ulcer(PU)is characterized by inflammation,necrosis,and erosion of the gastrointestinal mucosa caused by various pathogenic factors,leading to ulcer formation.The stomach and duodenum are the most commonly affec...Peptic ulcer(PU)is characterized by inflammation,necrosis,and erosion of the gastrointestinal mucosa caused by various pathogenic factors,leading to ulcer formation.The stomach and duodenum are the most commonly affected sites.Bletilla striata,a traditional Chinese medicinal herb,contains diverse chemical constituents and exhibits multiple pharmacological effects.As a key component in various traditional Chinese medicine compound formulations,it has demonstrated notable clinical efficacy.Moreover,it has a solid research foundation and broad application prospects in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.This paper systematically elaborates on the clinical efficacy and mechanisms of action of Bletilla striata in the treatment of PUs,drawing from ancient medical literature and traditional formula applications to provide support for clinical use.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the 10-year therapeutic efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)using the Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy in the management of idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN).METHO...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the 10-year therapeutic efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)using the Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy in the management of idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN).METHODS:A single-center,retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with IMN who met predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data were collected from the Department of Nephrology at Longhua Hospital,affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,between January 2007 and December 2011.Clinical parameters including 24-h urinary protein,serum albumin,serum creatinine,and estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR,EPI)were assessed at baseline and at 1,3,5,and 10 years of follow-up.The efficacy of the Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA).Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate proportional hazards model(Cox regression models)were employed to identify factors associated with treatment outcomes.RESULTS:A total of 265 patients were included,with a median follow-up duration of 96 months(36,122).TCM treatment significantly reduced 24-h urinary protein levels(P<0.001),and increased serum albumin levels(P<0.001),while serum creatinine remained stable(P=0.187).Remission rates at 1,3,5,and 10 years were 52.81%,69.71%,68.39%,and 72.36%,respectively,and the rates of avoiding composite outcome events at the same intervals were 98.27%,94.29%,94.19%,and 93.50%.In the subgroup receiving TCM only,remission rates were 56.67%,84.44%,76.32%,and 82.86%.For patients treated initially with Western Medicine followed by TCM,the rates were 52.83%,65.85%,67.47%and 67.75%.In the cohort of patients who received TCM as their first-line therapy,remission rates were 49.23%,62.50%,61.76%,and 69.23%.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the duration of TCM treatment[hazard ratio(HR)=0.826,95%confidence interval(CI)(0.779,0.876),P<0.001],presence of hypertension[HR=1.912,95%CI(1.181,3.094),P=0.008],baseline serum albumin level[HR=0.930,95%CI(0.894,0.969),P<0.001],and the rate of serum albumin increase within the first year of treatment[HR=0.930,95%CI(0.909,0.957),P<0.001]were significantly associated with clinical outcomes.CONCLUSION:The Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy demonstrated robust short-and longterm efficacy in treating IMN,with high rates of remission and renal survival over 10 years.Key factors influencing clinical remission included the duration of TCM treatment,baseline serum albumin levels,the presence of hypertension,and the rate of increase in serum albumin within the first year.These findings suggest that this TCM approach provides a viable long-term treatment option for IMN.展开更多
This paper thoroughly explores the multifaceted factors influencing the efficacy of Chinese medicinals and categorizes them into three main groups:medicinal related factors,patient related factors,and practitioner rel...This paper thoroughly explores the multifaceted factors influencing the efficacy of Chinese medicinals and categorizes them into three main groups:medicinal related factors,patient related factors,and practitioner related factors.Regarding medicinal related factors,the place of origin,growing environment,harvesting time,storage conditions,quality control,dosage form selection,compatibility of medicinals,precise dosing,decoction methods,and administration routes all significantly impact efficacy.The place of origin determines the authenticity of medicinals,the growing environment affects their composition,harvesting time influences potency,improper storage leads to deterioration,quality control forms the foundation of efficacy,dosage forms and compatibility of medicinals affect absorption,dosing and decoction methods require precision,and administration routes should be tailored to individuals.Patient related factors include psychological state,individual differences,background,and disease condition.Psychological state affects treatment compliance,individual differences determine medicine responses,background influences patients’understanding of Chinese medicinals,and disease condition directly reflects efficacy.Practitioner related factors encompass theoretical knowledge,clinical experience,inherited practices,psychological state,and professional ethics.Theoretical knowledge guides medication use,clinical experience enhances efficacy,inherited practices influence prescribing styles,psychological state affects doctor–patient communication,and professional ethics ensure medical quality.These interrelated factors collectively influence the efficacy of Chinese medicinals,emphasizing the need for comprehensive consideration in clinical applications to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes.展开更多
This article focuses on the clinical efficacy and mechanism of action of heatclearing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)in the treatment of erosive gastritis,providing a reference for the treatment of...This article focuses on the clinical efficacy and mechanism of action of heatclearing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)in the treatment of erosive gastritis,providing a reference for the treatment of this disease.In the clinical treatment of erosive gastritis,TCM combinations such as Qing Gastric San,Semixia Diarrheal Heart Soup,and single-flavored heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs such as dandelion and Huanglian have specific efficacies and effectively improve the patient's symptoms,including killing or inhibiting Helicobacter pylori,reducing inflammatory reactions,protecting the gastric mucosa,inhibiting gastric acid secretion,regulating gastrointestinal hormones,and regulating immune function,playing therapeutic roles through multi-level and multi-target mechanisms.Thus,heat-clearing and detoxifying TCMs have broad application prospects in clinical practice for erosive gastritis.展开更多
This study examines the pivotal findings of the network meta-analysis of Zhou et al,which evaluated the efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and combination therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinom...This study examines the pivotal findings of the network meta-analysis of Zhou et al,which evaluated the efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and combination therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).This meta-analysis suggests that therapeutic combinations have greater efficacy than do standard treatments.The article highlights the key insights that have the potential to shift current clinical practice and enhance outcomes for patients with advanced HCC.Additionally,this article discusses further research that can be conducted to optimize these treatments and achieve personalized care for patients with HCC.展开更多
The soothing efficacy of baby moisturizer was evaluated by analyzing the changes of inflammatory cytokines in vitro and human efficacy tests.RAW264.7 cells were induced by Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) to establish a cell i...The soothing efficacy of baby moisturizer was evaluated by analyzing the changes of inflammatory cytokines in vitro and human efficacy tests.RAW264.7 cells were induced by Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) to establish a cell inflammation model in vitro,and the inflammatory cytokines of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and NO were detected to observe the inhibitory effect of baby moisturizer in vitro.The non-toxic concentration of baby moisturizer was detected by MTT assay,the level of IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells supernatant was detected by ELISA kits,and the level of NO in RAW 264.7 cells supernatant was detected by Griess reagent.Dexamethasone was used as the positive control.At the same time,the hydration of the stratum corneum,transepidermal water loss (TEWL),erythema index,the redness of skin (a^(*) value) and the proportion of redness area in facial cheekbones were detected after using the baby moisturizer for 28 days.The experiment results showed that the baby moisturizer at a non-toxic concentration of 0.3 mg/mL,could significantly reduce IL-6 and NO in RAW264.7 cells supernatant,meanwhile it could significantly enhance the hydration of the stratum corneum,and reduce the TEWL,erythema index,the redness of skin (a^(*) value) and the proportion of redness area.In conclusion,the baby moisturizer (0.3 mg/mL) can restrain inflammatory cytokines in vitro and can also significantly improve human facial skin irritation,which can be considered to have soothing efficacy.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of toripalimab combined with the GC chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 102 patie...Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of toripalimab combined with the GC chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 102 patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated at our hospital between March 2021 and August 2024.Based on treatment regimens,patients were divided into a chemotherapy group(n=52)and a combination group(n=50).The chemotherapy group received the GC chemotherapy regimen,while the combination group received GC chemotherapy combined with toripalimab.Both groups underwent 4-6 cycles of treatment based on patient tolerance.Clinical efficacy,immune-related factor levels,survival outcomes,and safety were observed and compared.Results:The disease control rate(DCR)and overall response rate(ORR)in the combination group were slightly higher than those in the chemotherapy group,but the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).After treatment,levels of IFN-γand IL-2 increased significantly,while VEGF levels decreased significantly in both groups(P<0.05),with superior outcomes observed in the combination group(P<0.05).Follow-up analysis showed progression-free survival(PFS)and median overall survival(OS)in the chemotherapy group were 5.19 and 10.15 months,respectively,compared to 8.24 and 18.23 months in the combination group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).During treatment,the incidence of adverse reactions such as rash,immune-related pneumonia,and immune-related diarrhea was higher in the combination group than in the chemotherapy group(P<0.05).However,the incidence of gastrointestinal reactions,fever,and leukopenia did not differ significantly between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:The use of toripalimab combined with the GC chemotherapy regimen for advanced urothelial carcinoma can effectively improve clinical outcomes and extend patient survival,with good overall safety.However,attention should be given to preventing adverse reactions such as rash and pneumonia during treatment.展开更多
Given that the citrus psyllid is the primary vector of citrus Huanglongbing(HLB),there is an urgent need to control this pest to mitigate the spread of the disease.This paper reviews the current research on two predom...Given that the citrus psyllid is the primary vector of citrus Huanglongbing(HLB),there is an urgent need to control this pest to mitigate the spread of the disease.This paper reviews the current research on two predominant control strategies:chemical control and biological control agents,in managing the citrus psyllid.It emphasizes the mechanisms of action,efficacy,and application advancements of these control methods.Finally,the paper analyzes the principal challenges associated with the sustainable management of citrus psyllids and offers perspectives for future research.展开更多
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia,a complex group of mental disorders,is primarily managed with antipsychotic medications.The safety and efficacy of different initial doses of lurasidone for acute schizophrenia remain uncertai...BACKGROUND Schizophrenia,a complex group of mental disorders,is primarily managed with antipsychotic medications.The safety and efficacy of different initial doses of lurasidone for acute schizophrenia remain uncertain,particularly concerning discontinuation rates due to adverse events(AEs).AIM To compare the safety of two initial doses of lurasidone for the treatment of acute schizophrenia in Chinese patients.METHODS This 6-week,randomized,open-label,multicenter trial allocated participants to receive either 40 mg/day or 80 mg/day lurasidone initially,with dose adjustment allowed after a one-week fixed-dose period.Safety assessments included the primary endpoint of discontinuation due to AEs,as well as evaluations of AEs,weight changes,and laboratory parameters.Efficacy assessments included responder rates and changes in scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS),Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale,and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia.RESULTS Among 197 participants,no significant difference was found in discontinuation rate due to AEs between groups(3.03% vs 5.10%,P=0.707).Treatment-emergent AEs were reported in 64.6%and 71.4%of participants in the 40 mg/day and 80 mg/day initiation groups,respectively.Response rates at weeks 1 and 2 showed no statistically significant differences.Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in PANSS total,Clinical Global Impression-Severity,and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia scores from baseline(all P<0.01).Notably,the 80 mg/day initiation group showed greater improvement in the PANSS positive subscale score at visits 1 and 2 compared to the 40 mg/day initiation group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Initial doses of 40 mg/day and 80 mg/day lurasidone are safe and effective for acute schizophrenia,with no significant increase in AEs-related discontinuation rate at the higher dose.展开更多
文摘Cancer is one of the two leading human fatal diseases.Drug development for cancer intervention has progressed well in past decades yet existing drugs face many limitations in applications and effectiveness and are often associated with serious of side effects,which can further deteriorate the patients’quality of life.Recent development of natural product based and therapeutically sound anti-cancer agents have gained popularity in the field of functional foods,in which a few have demonstrated efficacy and minimal toxicity toward the prevention and treatment of carcinogenesis.With multiple active molecular components,citrus peels and derived extracts have demonstrated potent efficacious properties against various cancers due in large part to the rich content of flavonoids present in citrus peels.This review summarizes the results of currently available data regarding the in vivo anti-cancer activity of citrus peel flavonoids,and identifies opportunities for subsequent human clinical trials to assess preventive and therapeutic effects in the near future.
文摘A new fertilizer of cocrystal type,known as durably efficacious ammonium bicarbonate(DEAB),has been developed by adding a certain amount of dicyandiamide(DCD)as an ammonia-stabilizing agent to ammonium bearbenate(AB)during the process of its production.As compared with AB,DEAB was found to have a reduction of direct volatilization loss by 53%,a fertilizer availability period prolonged from 35-45 to 90-110 d,and an increase in the rate of nitrogen in fertilizer being utilized by 5.9%-10.2%,and a saving of the amount of fertilizer to be ap-phed by 20%-30%for the same level of yield,or an increase of the crop yield by over 10%for the same level of ni-tregen fertilization;in addition,it was found to show usually a function of promoting the crop to early mature.It can be applied as basal dressing all in one time to soil and thus also used as a labour-saving and crop yield-increasing fertil-izer for is non-mtertillage,plastics film covering and water-saving agriculture.
基金supported by the Innovative Team Project of Ordinary Universities in Guangdong Province(No.2022KCXTD016).
文摘Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea(CID)is a major concern for cancer patients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.Currently,the clinical management of CID is limited.The utilization of antidiarrheal medications,such as loperamide and octreotide,is relatively limited because of their unsatisfactory efficacy and adverse effects.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has attracted great interest because of its beneficial effect in treating CID,which has multitarget and low-toxicity therapeutic characteristics.TCM exhibits remarkable therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of CID.It can alleviate and treat CID by regulating chemical drug metabolism,improving the integrity of the intestinal barrier,stimulating proliferation while suppressing the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells,ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation and regulating bile acids and aquaporins.However,large-scale,randomized,double-blind clinical trials of TCM for the treatment of CID are lacking,and most preclinical experiments have not been translated to clinical trials.Accordingly,this review highlights the clinical efficacy and molecular mechanisms of TCM against CID via PubMed,Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure and proposes that future research on TCM against CID should focus on strengthening the connection from bench to bed,which may help to comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic potential of TCM against CID.
基金supported by a grant from the Climbing Project for Medical Talent of Zhongnan Hospital,Wuhan University(PDJH202215).
文摘To the Editor:Theoretically,autologous liver transplantation is posited as a treatment for patients experiencing traumatic liver rupture.How-ever,the procedural complexity and its infrequent application by the medical community have resulted in a lack of documented suc-cesses.This report presented the efficacious intervention in a pa-tient presenting with polytraumatic injuries involving the thoracic and abdominal regions,namely right-sided hemothorax,contusion and hematoma of the right lung,splenic rupture,lateral damage to the common bile duct,disruption of the left portal vein branch and left hepatic duct,incisions in the hepatic segments IV,V,VI,VII,and VIII,laceration of the right adrenal gland,rupture of the right hepatic venous trunk and retro-hepatic inferior vena cava(RHIVC),and pancreatic hematoma.
基金Supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,No.CI2021A00806High Level Chinese Medical Hospital Promotion Project,No.HLCMHPP2023086the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes,No.ZZ17-XRZ-041.
文摘Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)is an important stage of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer.Effective treatment and regulation of CAG are essential to prevent its progression to malignancy.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has shown multi-targeted efficacy in CAG treatment,with advantages in enhancing gastric mucosal barrier defense,improving microcirculation,modulating inflammatory and immune responses,and promoting lesion healing,etc.Clinical studies and meta-analyses indicate that TCM provides significant benefits,with specific Chinese herbal compounds and monomers demonstrating protective effects on the gastric mucosa through mechanisms including anti-inflammation,antioxidation,and regulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis,etc.Finally,it is pointed out that the efficacy of TCM in the treatment of CAG requires standardized research and unified standards,and constantly clarifies and improves the evaluation criteria of each dimension of gastric mucosal barrier function.
基金Supported by the project on the management of TCM in Guangdong Province:No.20231213Key Construction Project of TCM Discipline of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University:No.2022-8.
文摘Objective To observe the efficacy of Shugan Tiaoshen(liver-soothing and mind-regulating)needling method in the treatment of patients with postherpetic neuralgia(PHN).Methods A total of 66 patients with PHN were randomly divided into acupuncture group and control group,33 cases in each one,by the random number table method.The acupuncture group received Shugan Tiaoshen needling method plus gabapentin,whereas the control group received the oral administration of gabapentin and sham acupuncture.Numerical Rating Scale(NRS),State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI)and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)were used to evaluate the pain condition,anxiety symptom and sleep quality.The effective rate and adverse events were also evaluated and recorded during the treatment.Results After eight weeks of treatment,the NRS scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05)at all time points,with statistically significant difference between the groups(P<0.05).The scores of STAI and PSQI of the acupuncture group were significantly lower than the scores before treatment(P<0.05).The scores of STAI for anxiety symptom and PSQI of the acupuncture group were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05),and the effective rate of the acupuncture group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in the acupuncture group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Shugan Tiaoshen needling method showed satisfactory efficacy in treating PHN,and could alleviate the pain,relieve the anxiety symptoms,promote sleep,and reduce the adverse reactions of gabapentin in patients with PHN.
基金Supported by the 2023 Government Funded Project of the Outstanding Talents Training Program in Clinical Medicine,No.ZF2023165Key Research and Development Projects of Hebei Province,No.18277731DNatural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,No.H202423105.
文摘In the contemporary medical landscape,the burgeoning interest in natural therapies,particularly for managing gastrointestinal disorders,has brought traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to the forefront.This article explains the core principles and clinical applications of TCM in treating these conditions,furthering the discourse through an examination of integrated TCM strategies,as demonstrated in the study by Zhou et al.While TCM has shown promising clinical outcomes,it encounters significant hurdles in standardization,mechanistic research,and clinical validation.Future investigations should aim to solidify the scientific underpinnings of TCM and expand its use in gastrointestinal disease management,striving for a seamless fusion of traditional and contemporary medical practices.
文摘BACKGROUND Most patients who were included in previous studies on achalasia had increased lower esophageal sphincter(LES)pressure.Peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)has been confirmed to be effective at relieving the clinical symptoms of achalasia associated with increased LES pressure.AIM To identify the safety and efficacy of POEM for patients with normal LES integrated relaxation pressure(LES-IRP).METHODS The clinical data of patients who underwent POEM successfully in The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.A total of 481 patients who underwent preoperative high-resolution manometry(HRM)at our hospital were ultimately included in this research.According to the HRM results,the patients were divided into two groups:71 patients were included in the normal LES-IRP group(LES-IRP<15 mmHg)and 410 patients were included in the increased LES-IRP group(LES-IRP≥15 mmHg).Clinical characteristics,procedure-related parameters,adverse events,and outcomes were compared between the two groups to evaluate the safety and efficacy of POEM for patients with normal LES-IRP.RESULTS Among the 481 patients included in our study,209 were males and 272 were females,with a mean age of 44.2 years.All patients underwent POEM without severe adverse events.The median pre-treatment Eckardt scores of the normal LES-IRP and increased LES-IRP groups were 7.0 and 7.0(P=0.132),respectively,decreasing to 1.0 and 1.0 post-treatment(P=0.572).The clinical success rate of the normal LES-IRP group was 87.3%(62/71),and that of the increased LES-IRP group was 91.2%(374/410)(P=0.298).Reflux symptoms were measured by the GerdQ questionnaire,and the percentages of patients with GerdQ scores≥9 in the normal LES-IRP and increased LES-IRP groups were 8.5%and 10.7%,respectively(P=0.711).After matching,the rates of clinical success and the rates of GerdQ score≥9 were not significantly different between the two groups.CONCLUSION Our results suggest that POEM is safe and effective for achalasia and patients with normal LES-IRP.In addition,in patients with normal LES-IRP,compared with those with increased LES-IRP,POEM was not associated with a greater incidence of reflux symptoms.
基金supported by the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2024C03106,X.F.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82474160,X.S.)+2 种基金the Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LBZ24H270001,X.P.)the Major Joint Projects Supported by the National Administration of TCM and Zhejiang Province(No.GZY-ZI-KJ-23037,X.P.)the Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program(No.2022030309,X.P.)。
文摘Network pharmacology has gained widespread application in drug discovery,particularly in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)research,which is characterized by its“multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway”nature.Through the integration of network biology,TCM network pharmacology enables systematic evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and detailed elucidation of action mechanisms,establishing a novel research paradigm for TCM modernization.The rapid advancement of machine learning,particularly revolutionary deep learning methods,has substantially enhanced artificial intelligence(AI)technology,offering significant potential to advance TCM network pharmacology research.This paper describes the methodology of TCM network pharmacology,encompassing ingredient identification,network construction,network analysis,and experimental validation.Furthermore,it summarizes key strategies for constructing various networks and analyzing constructed networks using AI methods.Finally,it addresses challenges and future directions regarding cell-cell communication(CCC)-based network construction,analysis,and validation,providing valuable insights for TCM network pharmacology.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Tianma Gouteng Decoction combined with Betahistine Mesylate in patients with posterior circulation ischemic vertigo(PCI).Methods:Eighty-two patients with PCI who visited the hospital from February 2024 to February 2025 were selected as samples and randomly divided into two groups.Group A received Tianma Gouteng Decoction combined with Betahistine Mesylate,while Group B received only Betahistine Mesylate.The efficacy,syndrome scores,hemodynamics,and quality of life indicators were compared between the two groups.Results:The efficacy of PCI treatment in Group A was higher than that in Group B(P<0.05).The syndrome scores in Group A were lower than those in Group B(P<0.05).The peak systolic velocity(PSV)of the basilar artery and left and right vertebral arteries in Group A were higher than those in Group B(P<0.05).The quality of life(SF-36)score in Group A was higher than that in Group B(P<0.05).Conclusion:Tianma Gouteng Decoction combined with Betahistine Mesylate is effective and feasible in the treatment of PCI,with improved hemodynamic indicators and reduced disease scores.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12172092,82174488,and 82305416)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function(No.21DZ2271800)+1 种基金Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.23YF1418300)Scientific Research Project on Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission—Youth Guidance Category(No.2022QN018).
文摘Objective The analgesic effect of acupuncture has been widely accepted.Nevertheless,the mechanism behind its analgesic effect remains elusive,thus impeding the progress of research geared toward enhancing the analgesic effect of acupuncture.This paper investigated the role of acupuncture needle surface textures on acupuncture’s analgesic effect by creating four experimental acupuncture needles with different patterns of surface augmentation.Methods Four types of acupuncture needles with different surface textures(the lined needle,circle needle,sandpaper needle,and threaded needle)were designed.Additionally,the force/torque measurement system used a robot arm and mechanical sensor to measure the force on the needle during insertion and manipulation.To perform acupuncture analgesia experiments,four experimental acupuncture needles and a normal needle were inserted into the Zusanli(ST36)acupoint of rats with inflammatory pain.By comparing the force and torque and the analgesic efficacy of the different acupuncture needles,these experiments tested the role of acupuncture needle body texture on acupuncture analgesia.Results The analgesic effects of different acupuncture needle body textures varied.Specifically,the force required to penetrate the skin with the lined needle was not greater than that for the normal needle;however,the needle with inscribed circles and the sandpaper-roughened needle both required greater force for insertion.Additionally,the torque of the lined needle reached 2×10^(-4)N·m under twisting manipulation,which was four times greater the torque of a normal needle(5×10^(-5)N·m).Furthermore,the lined needle improved pain threshold and mast cell degranulation rate compared to the normal needle.Conclusion Optimizing the texture of acupuncture needles can enhance acupuncture analgesia.The texture of our experimental acupuncture needles had a significant impact on the force needed to penetrate the skin and the torque needed to manipulate the needle;it was also linked to variable analgesic effects.This study provides a theoretical basis for enhancing the analgesic efficacy of acupuncture through the modification of needles and promoting the development of acupuncture therapy.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Major Project,No.2024ZD0521002The Innovation Team Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province,No.LNZYYCXTD-CCCX-003+1 种基金General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82074296Construction Project of Inheritance Studios of Famous Chinese Medicine Experts in China,No.[2022]No.75.
文摘Peptic ulcer(PU)is characterized by inflammation,necrosis,and erosion of the gastrointestinal mucosa caused by various pathogenic factors,leading to ulcer formation.The stomach and duodenum are the most commonly affected sites.Bletilla striata,a traditional Chinese medicinal herb,contains diverse chemical constituents and exhibits multiple pharmacological effects.As a key component in various traditional Chinese medicine compound formulations,it has demonstrated notable clinical efficacy.Moreover,it has a solid research foundation and broad application prospects in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.This paper systematically elaborates on the clinical efficacy and mechanisms of action of Bletilla striata in the treatment of PUs,drawing from ancient medical literature and traditional formula applications to provide support for clinical use.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Project,Clinical Study on the Treatment of Refractory Membranous Nephropathy with the Treatment of Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness in Method using Single Group Target Value Method(No.2019YFC1709403)Systematic Study on the Diagnosis and Treatment Rules of Membranous Nephropathy in Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2023YFC35033501,No.2023YFC35033503)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the 10-year therapeutic efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)using the Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy in the management of idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN).METHODS:A single-center,retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with IMN who met predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data were collected from the Department of Nephrology at Longhua Hospital,affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,between January 2007 and December 2011.Clinical parameters including 24-h urinary protein,serum albumin,serum creatinine,and estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR,EPI)were assessed at baseline and at 1,3,5,and 10 years of follow-up.The efficacy of the Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA).Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate proportional hazards model(Cox regression models)were employed to identify factors associated with treatment outcomes.RESULTS:A total of 265 patients were included,with a median follow-up duration of 96 months(36,122).TCM treatment significantly reduced 24-h urinary protein levels(P<0.001),and increased serum albumin levels(P<0.001),while serum creatinine remained stable(P=0.187).Remission rates at 1,3,5,and 10 years were 52.81%,69.71%,68.39%,and 72.36%,respectively,and the rates of avoiding composite outcome events at the same intervals were 98.27%,94.29%,94.19%,and 93.50%.In the subgroup receiving TCM only,remission rates were 56.67%,84.44%,76.32%,and 82.86%.For patients treated initially with Western Medicine followed by TCM,the rates were 52.83%,65.85%,67.47%and 67.75%.In the cohort of patients who received TCM as their first-line therapy,remission rates were 49.23%,62.50%,61.76%,and 69.23%.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the duration of TCM treatment[hazard ratio(HR)=0.826,95%confidence interval(CI)(0.779,0.876),P<0.001],presence of hypertension[HR=1.912,95%CI(1.181,3.094),P=0.008],baseline serum albumin level[HR=0.930,95%CI(0.894,0.969),P<0.001],and the rate of serum albumin increase within the first year of treatment[HR=0.930,95%CI(0.909,0.957),P<0.001]were significantly associated with clinical outcomes.CONCLUSION:The Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy demonstrated robust short-and longterm efficacy in treating IMN,with high rates of remission and renal survival over 10 years.Key factors influencing clinical remission included the duration of TCM treatment,baseline serum albumin levels,the presence of hypertension,and the rate of increase in serum albumin within the first year.These findings suggest that this TCM approach provides a viable long-term treatment option for IMN.
文摘This paper thoroughly explores the multifaceted factors influencing the efficacy of Chinese medicinals and categorizes them into three main groups:medicinal related factors,patient related factors,and practitioner related factors.Regarding medicinal related factors,the place of origin,growing environment,harvesting time,storage conditions,quality control,dosage form selection,compatibility of medicinals,precise dosing,decoction methods,and administration routes all significantly impact efficacy.The place of origin determines the authenticity of medicinals,the growing environment affects their composition,harvesting time influences potency,improper storage leads to deterioration,quality control forms the foundation of efficacy,dosage forms and compatibility of medicinals affect absorption,dosing and decoction methods require precision,and administration routes should be tailored to individuals.Patient related factors include psychological state,individual differences,background,and disease condition.Psychological state affects treatment compliance,individual differences determine medicine responses,background influences patients’understanding of Chinese medicinals,and disease condition directly reflects efficacy.Practitioner related factors encompass theoretical knowledge,clinical experience,inherited practices,psychological state,and professional ethics.Theoretical knowledge guides medication use,clinical experience enhances efficacy,inherited practices influence prescribing styles,psychological state affects doctor–patient communication,and professional ethics ensure medical quality.These interrelated factors collectively influence the efficacy of Chinese medicinals,emphasizing the need for comprehensive consideration in clinical applications to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Major Project,No.2024ZD0521002The Innovation Team Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province,No.LNZYYCXTD-CCCX-003+1 种基金General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82074296Construction Project of Inheritance Studios of Famous Chinese Medicine Experts in China,No.[2022]No.75.
文摘This article focuses on the clinical efficacy and mechanism of action of heatclearing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)in the treatment of erosive gastritis,providing a reference for the treatment of this disease.In the clinical treatment of erosive gastritis,TCM combinations such as Qing Gastric San,Semixia Diarrheal Heart Soup,and single-flavored heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs such as dandelion and Huanglian have specific efficacies and effectively improve the patient's symptoms,including killing or inhibiting Helicobacter pylori,reducing inflammatory reactions,protecting the gastric mucosa,inhibiting gastric acid secretion,regulating gastrointestinal hormones,and regulating immune function,playing therapeutic roles through multi-level and multi-target mechanisms.Thus,heat-clearing and detoxifying TCMs have broad application prospects in clinical practice for erosive gastritis.
文摘This study examines the pivotal findings of the network meta-analysis of Zhou et al,which evaluated the efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and combination therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).This meta-analysis suggests that therapeutic combinations have greater efficacy than do standard treatments.The article highlights the key insights that have the potential to shift current clinical practice and enhance outcomes for patients with advanced HCC.Additionally,this article discusses further research that can be conducted to optimize these treatments and achieve personalized care for patients with HCC.
文摘The soothing efficacy of baby moisturizer was evaluated by analyzing the changes of inflammatory cytokines in vitro and human efficacy tests.RAW264.7 cells were induced by Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) to establish a cell inflammation model in vitro,and the inflammatory cytokines of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and NO were detected to observe the inhibitory effect of baby moisturizer in vitro.The non-toxic concentration of baby moisturizer was detected by MTT assay,the level of IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells supernatant was detected by ELISA kits,and the level of NO in RAW 264.7 cells supernatant was detected by Griess reagent.Dexamethasone was used as the positive control.At the same time,the hydration of the stratum corneum,transepidermal water loss (TEWL),erythema index,the redness of skin (a^(*) value) and the proportion of redness area in facial cheekbones were detected after using the baby moisturizer for 28 days.The experiment results showed that the baby moisturizer at a non-toxic concentration of 0.3 mg/mL,could significantly reduce IL-6 and NO in RAW264.7 cells supernatant,meanwhile it could significantly enhance the hydration of the stratum corneum,and reduce the TEWL,erythema index,the redness of skin (a^(*) value) and the proportion of redness area.In conclusion,the baby moisturizer (0.3 mg/mL) can restrain inflammatory cytokines in vitro and can also significantly improve human facial skin irritation,which can be considered to have soothing efficacy.
文摘Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of toripalimab combined with the GC chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 102 patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated at our hospital between March 2021 and August 2024.Based on treatment regimens,patients were divided into a chemotherapy group(n=52)and a combination group(n=50).The chemotherapy group received the GC chemotherapy regimen,while the combination group received GC chemotherapy combined with toripalimab.Both groups underwent 4-6 cycles of treatment based on patient tolerance.Clinical efficacy,immune-related factor levels,survival outcomes,and safety were observed and compared.Results:The disease control rate(DCR)and overall response rate(ORR)in the combination group were slightly higher than those in the chemotherapy group,but the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).After treatment,levels of IFN-γand IL-2 increased significantly,while VEGF levels decreased significantly in both groups(P<0.05),with superior outcomes observed in the combination group(P<0.05).Follow-up analysis showed progression-free survival(PFS)and median overall survival(OS)in the chemotherapy group were 5.19 and 10.15 months,respectively,compared to 8.24 and 18.23 months in the combination group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).During treatment,the incidence of adverse reactions such as rash,immune-related pneumonia,and immune-related diarrhea was higher in the combination group than in the chemotherapy group(P<0.05).However,the incidence of gastrointestinal reactions,fever,and leukopenia did not differ significantly between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:The use of toripalimab combined with the GC chemotherapy regimen for advanced urothelial carcinoma can effectively improve clinical outcomes and extend patient survival,with good overall safety.However,attention should be given to preventing adverse reactions such as rash and pneumonia during treatment.
基金Supported by National Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(202510580009)Special Project for Promoting the Coordinated Development of Urban and Rural Areas and Regions by Introducing Scientific and Technological Achievements of Guangdong Province into Counties and Towns(2025B0202010051)Project of High-quality Development in Hundred Counties,Thousands Towns and Ten Thousand Villages of Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology:Key Dispatch Project for Rural Science and Technology Commissioners(KTP20240704).
文摘Given that the citrus psyllid is the primary vector of citrus Huanglongbing(HLB),there is an urgent need to control this pest to mitigate the spread of the disease.This paper reviews the current research on two predominant control strategies:chemical control and biological control agents,in managing the citrus psyllid.It emphasizes the mechanisms of action,efficacy,and application advancements of these control methods.Finally,the paper analyzes the principal challenges associated with the sustainable management of citrus psyllids and offers perspectives for future research.
文摘BACKGROUND Schizophrenia,a complex group of mental disorders,is primarily managed with antipsychotic medications.The safety and efficacy of different initial doses of lurasidone for acute schizophrenia remain uncertain,particularly concerning discontinuation rates due to adverse events(AEs).AIM To compare the safety of two initial doses of lurasidone for the treatment of acute schizophrenia in Chinese patients.METHODS This 6-week,randomized,open-label,multicenter trial allocated participants to receive either 40 mg/day or 80 mg/day lurasidone initially,with dose adjustment allowed after a one-week fixed-dose period.Safety assessments included the primary endpoint of discontinuation due to AEs,as well as evaluations of AEs,weight changes,and laboratory parameters.Efficacy assessments included responder rates and changes in scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS),Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale,and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia.RESULTS Among 197 participants,no significant difference was found in discontinuation rate due to AEs between groups(3.03% vs 5.10%,P=0.707).Treatment-emergent AEs were reported in 64.6%and 71.4%of participants in the 40 mg/day and 80 mg/day initiation groups,respectively.Response rates at weeks 1 and 2 showed no statistically significant differences.Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in PANSS total,Clinical Global Impression-Severity,and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia scores from baseline(all P<0.01).Notably,the 80 mg/day initiation group showed greater improvement in the PANSS positive subscale score at visits 1 and 2 compared to the 40 mg/day initiation group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Initial doses of 40 mg/day and 80 mg/day lurasidone are safe and effective for acute schizophrenia,with no significant increase in AEs-related discontinuation rate at the higher dose.
