This study compared the control effect of 110 g/L etoxazole SC,15%abamectin·etoxazole SC,30%cyetpyrafen SC,43%bifenazate SC and 1.8%abamectin EC five acaricides sprayed by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)on Panonychu...This study compared the control effect of 110 g/L etoxazole SC,15%abamectin·etoxazole SC,30%cyetpyrafen SC,43%bifenazate SC and 1.8%abamectin EC five acaricides sprayed by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)on Panonychus citri,aiming to screen out the appropriate acaricide for the control of this pest by UAV spraying.The results showed that 15%abamectin·etoxazole SC and 30%cyetpyrafen SC had the highest control efficacy,which remained above 90%14 d after application.Secondary performance was observed in 43%bifenazate SC and 110 g/L etoxazole SC,which demonstrated enhancing control effect.However,1.8%abamectin EC showed slower effect.Considering the control effect and population reduction rate of P.citri,15%abamectin·etoxazole SC and 30%cyetpyrafen SC were suggested as the effective acaricides for the control of this pest.展开更多
Future aerospace vehicles （ASV） are designed to fly in both inner and extra atmospheric fields, which requires autonomous adaptability to the uncertainties emanated from abrupt faults and continuously time-varying e...Future aerospace vehicles （ASV） are designed to fly in both inner and extra atmospheric fields, which requires autonomous adaptability to the uncertainties emanated from abrupt faults and continuously time-varying environments. An autonomous control reconfiguration scheme is presented for ASV to deal with the uncertainties on the base of control effectiveness estimation. The on-line estimation methods for the time-varying control effectiveness of linear control system are investigated. Some sufficient conditions for the estimable system are given for different cases. There are proposed corresponding on-line estimation algorithms which are proved to be convergent and robust to noise using the least-square-based methods. On the ground of fuzzy logic and linear programming, the control allocation algorithms, which are able to implement the autonomous control reconfiguration through the redundant actuators, are put forward. Finally, an integrated system is developed to verify the scheme and algorithms by way of numerical simulation and analysis.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of different rates of 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW for control of Poaceae weeds in transplanted rice in China. [Method] The experimental and eco-friendly herbici...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of different rates of 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW for control of Poaceae weeds in transplanted rice in China. [Method] The experimental and eco-friendly herbicide, 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW, was applied in field trials in 2013 to investigate its efficacy in five representa-tive rice producing areas, one in each of the provinces Anhui, Hunan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Liaoning. [Result] The results showed that 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW could effectively control Poaceae weeds in transplanted rice without negative effects on the rice crop. The optimal application rate of 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW was found to be 750-1 500 ml/hm2. [Conclusion] The study confirmed that 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW has clear potential for wide-spread adoption in rice production systems.展开更多
The rice planthopper,Sogatella furcifera,is a piercing-sucking insect pest of rice,Oryza sativa.It is responsible for significant crop yield losses,and has developed moderate to high resistance to several commonly use...The rice planthopper,Sogatella furcifera,is a piercing-sucking insect pest of rice,Oryza sativa.It is responsible for significant crop yield losses,and has developed moderate to high resistance to several commonly used chemical insecticides.We investigated the effects of the insect fungal pathogen Isaria javanica,alone and in combination with the chemical insecticide dinotefuran,on S.furcifera under both laboratory and field conditions.Our results show that I.javanica displays high infection efficiency and mortality for different stages of S.furcifera,reducing adult survival,female oviposition and ovary development.Laboratory bioassays showed that the combined use of I.javanica with a low dose(4-16 mg L^(-1))of dinotefuran resulted in higher mortality in S.furcifera than the use of I.javanica or dinotefuran alone.The combined treatment also had more significant effects on several host enzymes,including superoxide dismutase,catalase,peroxidase,and prophenol oxidase activities.In field trials,I.javanica effectively suppressed populations of rice planthoppers to low levels(22-64%of the level in untreated plots).Additional field experiments showed synergistic effects,i.e.,enhanced efficiency,for the control of S.furcifera populations using the combination of a low dose of I.javanica(1×10^(4) conidia mL^(-1))and a low dose of dinotefuran(~4.8-19.2%of normal field use levels),with control effects of>90%and a population level under 50 insects per 100 hills at 3-14 days post-treatment.Our findings indicate that the entomogenous fungus I.javanica offers an attractive biological control addition as part of the integrated pest management(IPM)practices for the control of rice plant pests.展开更多
A field plot experiment was conducted to explore the control effects and safety of different post-emergence herbicides on weeds in the field with soybeanmaize strip intercropping.The control effects of five post-emerg...A field plot experiment was conducted to explore the control effects and safety of different post-emergence herbicides on weeds in the field with soybeanmaize strip intercropping.The control effects of five post-emergence herbicides on weeds in soybean rows and five post-emergence herbicides for weeds in maize rows were determined.The results showed that after 14 d of application,the control effects of quizalofop-P-ethyl·fomesafen 35%EW and fluoroglycofen 10% EC on weeds in soybean rows were 85.61% and 84.34%,respectively.The control effects of starane 288 g/L EC and mesotrione·atrazine 30% OD were 90.04% and 87.34%,respectively.The phytotoxicity index decreased gradually over time,which indicated that the herbicides were safe for soybean and maize.Moreover,the herbicides increased the yield of soybean and maize by 11.18%-19.42%and 13.11%-25.77%,respectively.These four herbicides can effectively control annual and perennial weeds in the field with soybean-maize strip intercropping at the recommended dosage and can be widely applied in production.展开更多
Objective To analyze the changing trend of average medical expenses and structure in general hospitals and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)hospitals and the effects and differences achieved by the two kinds of hospit...Objective To analyze the changing trend of average medical expenses and structure in general hospitals and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)hospitals and the effects and differences achieved by the two kinds of hospitals through controlling unreasonable growth of medical expenses,so as to provide reference for controlling the rapid rise of medical cost in public hospitals and optimizing the cost structure.Methods Based on the changes of related indicators of medical expense control from 2012 to 2021,the overall characteristics,changes of cost structure and trends of medical expenses in general hospitals and TCM hospitals were investigated.Results and Conclusion From 2012 to 2021,the increase of medical expenses in general hospitals and traditional Chinese medicine hospitals had slowed down,the proportion of drug revenue to medical income began to decline,and the medical service income increased.However,the proportion of inspection,test and sanitary materials income has increased instead of decreasing,but the management cost has decreased.The two kinds of hospitals have achieved certain cost control results,the structure of medical cost has changed greatly,and the technical service and labor value of medical personnel have been reflected to a certain extent.However,it is still necessary to explore a more scientific and reasonable cost control mechanism to promote the further optimization of medical cost structure.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to compare the effects of sublimed sulfur and acaricide on controlling bee mites.[Method] Three independent experiments were carried out in the same apiary during 2007-2009.[Results] The r...[Objective] This study aimed to compare the effects of sublimed sulfur and acaricide on controlling bee mites.[Method] Three independent experiments were carried out in the same apiary during 2007-2009.[Results] The results showed that this method is effective in eliminating mites settled on combs or hidden during pupae phase,but not in controlling the mites parasitized on adult bees.The control effect on killing Varroa destructor after treated appeared optimal in the first day and then decreased,and that on killing Tvopilaelaps clareae happened in the second day.The results indicated that the effect would be much better if the bees can be treated 1 time to 2 times again in the following 2-5 days after the first treatment.Back to data pool,we found that the treatment of sublimed sulfur paired with acaricide is effective in controlling V.destructor and T.clareae.[Conclusion] This technique could facilitate the apicultural production in the regions suffered from V.destructor and T.clareae.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to determine control effects of the 6 insecticides and recommended the optimal doses. [Method] In 2014, the control effects of sophocarpidine, pymetrozine, beta-cypermethrin, acetamiprid, imida...[Objective] The aim was to determine control effects of the 6 insecticides and recommended the optimal doses. [Method] In 2014, the control effects of sophocarpidine, pymetrozine, beta-cypermethrin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and chlor- pyrifos on wheat aphids were tested, and every pesticide was designed with three doses in Shou County, Anhui Province, to explore the significance of differences on control effects. [Result] The results showed that the control effects of the 6 insecti- cides were satisfied, and the insecticides were safe on wheat. [Conclusion] During initial diseasing stage of aphid, it is recommended to use sophocarpidine soluble concentrate （1.5%）, pymetrozine water dispersible granule （50%）, imidacloprid wet- table powder （25%）, and acetamiprid wettable powder （5%）, and chlorpyrifos missi- ble oil （40%）, cypermethrin missible oil （4.5%） and imidacloprid wettable powder （25%） can be applied in peak-diseasing stage.展开更多
[ Objective ] The research aimed to discuss the occurrence regularity of apple early defoliation disease and control effects of fungicides in west Sichuan plateau. [ Method ] Apple early defoliation disease in west Si...[ Objective ] The research aimed to discuss the occurrence regularity of apple early defoliation disease and control effects of fungicides in west Sichuan plateau. [ Method ] Apple early defoliation disease in west Sichuan plateau was systematically investigated during 2009 and 2011, and the control effects of different fungicides during different spraying periods were studied. [ Result] The species of pathogen mainly was Marssonina ma/i （ P. Henn）, accounting for 32.5%, Phyl-losticta Pirina Sa accounted for 29.9%, and Alternaria mali Roberts accounted for 25.7%. The field fluctuation regularity was as follows ： the disease generally be- gan in the mid-May and ended in early and middle October with only one damage peak during the whole year, the fluctuation had positive correlation with rainfall （ R2 =0.891 8 ＊ ＊ ）. Control test showed that 40% flusilazole had the best control effect （86.5%）, which was best to apply after anthesis. [ Conclusion ] The paper provided theoretical basis for the effective control against apple early defoliation disease.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to screen a synergistic biological fungicide complex to control Fusarium wilt, reducing the use of chemical pesticides. [Method] The inhibitory effects of Bacil us subtilis DJ-6 an...[Objective] This study was conducted to screen a synergistic biological fungicide complex to control Fusarium wilt, reducing the use of chemical pesticides. [Method] The inhibitory effects of Bacil us subtilis DJ-6 and pyraclostrobin alone or in combination at five ratios against Fusarium oxysporum were detected by mea-suring mycelium growth rate in laboratory tests. The growth promotion and disease control effect of combined or single use of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2 ×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP at 1∶1 000, 1∶2 000 and 1∶3 000 dilutions were detected in field trials. [Result] The EC50 values of combined use of B. subtilis DJ-6 and pyra-clostrobin at ratios of 1∶1, 1∶2, 1∶3, 1∶4 and 1∶5 against F. oxysporum were 5.311 5, 4.008 6, 3.570 6, 3.350 9 and 3.218 9 μg/ml, with the synergistic ratios （SR） of 2.28, 1.77, 1.53, 1.64, 1.11, among which the synergetic effect at 1∶1 was the best. The fungicidal activity of pyraclostrobin was greater than that of B. subtilis DJ-6 in laboratory tests. Field trials revealed that al the 1∶1 000, 1∶2 000 and 1∶3 000 dilu-tions of 20% pyraclostrobin·2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP in combination, 1∶1 000 dilution of 1 ×1012 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP and 1∶2 000 dilution of 250 g/L pyra-clostrobin EC promoted the growth of strawberry by increasing plant height, leaf petiole, leaf blade area and stem diameter. Among them, the treatments with 1∶1 000 and 1∶2 000 of 20% pyraclostrobin · 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP in combina-tion had better effects than other treatments. The control effects of al the treat-ments were measured 30 and 80 d after fungicide application. The control effects of 1∶1 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combina-tion were up to 100% and 93.11%, which were higher than those in al other treat-ments. The second highest control effects were found in the treatment with 1∶ 2 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combination, they were 92.49% and 86.49%, higher than those in other treatments except the 1∶1 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2 ×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combination. The control effects of 1∶3 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combination were 82.61% and 72.42%, higher than those in treatment with 1∶1 000 dilution of 1×1012 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP, but lower than those in treat-ment with 1∶2 000 dilution of 25% pyraclostrobin EC. [Conclusion] Al the results re-vealed that the combination use of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2 ×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP at 1∶1 000 to 1∶2 000 dilution had better control effect against strawberry Fusarium wilt.展开更多
[Objective] The study discussed the indoor activity and field control effect of vegetable oil on cucumber powdery mildew.[Method] The cucumber seedlings of Changchunmici were adopted as the material,which were inocula...[Objective] The study discussed the indoor activity and field control effect of vegetable oil on cucumber powdery mildew.[Method] The cucumber seedlings of Changchunmici were adopted as the material,which were inoculated with the fungus pathogen of cucumber powdery mildew naturally occurred in the field.The indoor protective test and field test were performed respectively to observe the control effects of different plant oils EC on the cucumber powdery mildew.[Result] When six plant oils EC including cottonseed oil,soybean oil,canola oil,corn oil,sesame oil and sunflower oil was diluted into 10 and 5 ml/L,they had better control effect on cucumber powdery mildew.As for the indoor protective effect,the protective effect of the vegetable oil EC was equivalent to the control agent triadimefon EC,the field control effect of vegetable oil EC was in the range of 60%-75%,which was consistent with 69%-70% control effect of contrast agent with 1 ml/L triadimefon EC dilution.[Conclusion] All vegetable oils EC had significant control effect on cucumber powdery mildew in the test.展开更多
In order to mitigate the occurrence and damage of cowpea whitefly, reduce chemical pesticide consumption, residue and environmental pollution, the methods of forecasting, randomized block design andstatistical analysi...In order to mitigate the occurrence and damage of cowpea whitefly, reduce chemical pesticide consumption, residue and environmental pollution, the methods of forecasting, randomized block design andstatistical analysis were used in field efficacy trials, to study the control effect of cowpea anthracnose by usingchemical pesticides dinotefuran, acetamiprid, pymetrozine, and bio-pesticide avermectin. The results showed that after applying 1.85% avermectin EC 375 g, 20% dinotefuran SP 600 g, 5% acetamiprid WP 600 g, and 25% pymetrozine WP 600 g （control pesticide） per hm2 once every 5-8 days, and 3 times continuously underserious autumn occurrence of greenhouse whitefly, the control efficacy was 90.9%, 97.0%, 88.0%, 93.9%respectively on the 7th day after the pesticides application; 97.4%, 92.1%, 84.2%, 89.4% respectively on the 14th day after the pesticides application; and 95.6%, 86.7%, 82.2%, 84.5%, respectively on the 20th day afterthe pesticides application. The control effects among avermectin, acetamiprid and pymetrozine were not significantly different, while the effects of avermectin and pymetrozine were significantly higher than that of acetamiprid on the 7th day. The control effects among avermectin, dinotefuran and pymetrozine were not significantly different, while significantly higher than that of acetamiprid on the 14th day. The control effect of avermectin was significantly higher than that of dinotefuran, acetamiprid and pymetrozine on the 20th day. Meanwhile, the control effect of avermectin was slightly lower, higher and much higher than that of dinotefuran on the 7th, 14th, 20th day respectively after the treatment. These results indicated that the four pesticides,especiaLly biopesticide avermectin, were ideal pesticides, which could not only be used for controlling cowpea whitefly, but also realize modern, green, organic and ecological agricultural production.展开更多
The laboratory bioassay and field control efficacy of Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus（Spli NPV） Chenzhou strain were preliminarily examined. The efficient artificial propagation method was to feed the host la...The laboratory bioassay and field control efficacy of Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus（Spli NPV） Chenzhou strain were preliminarily examined. The efficient artificial propagation method was to feed the host larvae with virus suspension,and the average mortality of the insects was 65.0%. The death peak of the pests appeared 4-8 d after virus infection. The high temperature, high humidity and poor light could help the virus infection and propagation. Filed control efficacy of Chenzhou strain was 86.6% in laboratory, which was better than of another commercial strain. The corrected control efficacy of this strain was 88.4% the field, which was higher than that of avermectin pesticide significantly. It was detected that the occlusion body（OB） concentration of the initial virus＇ s stock solution was 1.03×1011OBs/ml,and it was a strong SpliNPV strain, as it showed an excellent efficacy to control the pest Spodoptera litura, and thus there will be a good prospect of application and development of this SpliNPV strain.展开更多
Objective To compare the efficacy differences between acupuncture and western medicine in treating osteoarthritis of knee joints.Methods One hundred and twenty cases were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and...Objective To compare the efficacy differences between acupuncture and western medicine in treating osteoarthritis of knee joints.Methods One hundred and twenty cases were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and a western medication group with 60 cases in each group.In the acupuncture group,acupuncture was applied mainly at Nèixīyǎn（内膝眼 EX-LE 4）,Dúbí（犊鼻 ST 35）,Yīnlíngquán（阴陵泉 SP 9） and Yánglíngquán（阳陵泉 GB 34） plus other acupoints selected according to syndrome differentiation.In the medication group,Glucosamine Hydrochloride capsules were orally given 3 times daily with 2 capsules each time.Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index（WOMAC）,Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey（SF-36,Chinese version） were used to assess therapeutic effects before treatment,after 4 weeks treatment and 9 weeks after treatment,respectively.Results After 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rates were 86.7%（52/60） and 88.3%（53/60） in the acupuncture group and the western medication group,respectively,without significant difference（P〈0.05）.In 9 weeks after treatment,the total effective rates were 83.3%（50/60） and 61.7%（37/60） in the acupuncture group and the western medication group,respectively,with significant difference between the two groups（P〈0.05）.According to WOMAC and SF-36,the scores were all improved in both groups（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,with significant difference in follow-up visit of 9 weeks after treatment between the two groups（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,but not after 4 weeks of treatments（both P〈0.05）.Conclusion Short-term of therapeutic effects of acupuncture and oral administration of Glucosamine Hydrochloride on osteoarthritis of knee joints are similar,but long-term efficacy in the acupuncture group is better than that in the western medication group.展开更多
[ Objective ] The paper was to investigate the occurrence condition of pear blight rot in pear-producing areas in Qianxian of Shannxi Province, so as to find the main cause of the disease and the effective agents for ...[ Objective ] The paper was to investigate the occurrence condition of pear blight rot in pear-producing areas in Qianxian of Shannxi Province, so as to find the main cause of the disease and the effective agents for the disease. [Method] The occurrence condition of pear blight rot was surveyed in field, the inci- dence rate of trees and incidence index of fruits were counted, and the field control test of different agents against pear blight rot was carried out. [ Result] The ma- jor reasons for outbreak of pear blight rot in Ganhe pear-producing areas in Qianxian of Shannxi Province were excessive rainfall and high temperature and humidity in July 2010, poor drainage in orchards and large planting density were also the main factors causing outbreak of pear blight rot. 64% oxadixyl · mancozeb WP, 60% metalaxyl-mancozeb WP and 80% aliette WP had significant control effect on pear blight rot, fruit bagging was also an ideal measure for prevention of the dis- ease. [ Conclusion] Pear production should focus on improving the air and light condition, enhancing the drainage capacity of orchard and promoting bagging culti- vation, and the systemic control agents should be selected to control pear blight rot.展开更多
The paper reviewed the function mechanism of Bilken virusicide against rice stipe disease, and then introduced its control effects in field test as well as its application method.
[ Objective ] The paper was to explore the application of botanical pesticides on controlling turnip aphid （ Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach）. [ Method ] Through potting efficacy experiment of Chinese cabbage, the contr...[ Objective ] The paper was to explore the application of botanical pesticides on controlling turnip aphid （ Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach）. [ Method ] Through potting efficacy experiment of Chinese cabbage, the control effects of two preparations（20% EC and 10% EW）of methanol extract of Blumea megacephala Chang et Tseng against turnip aphid, as well as leaf-protection effect on Chinese cabbage were determined. [ Result] 20% EC of B. megacephala had the highest efficacy in 10-fold dilution, and its control effects against turnip aphid were 57.78%, 77.19% and 84.79% after pesticide spraying for 24, 48 and 72 h; 10% EW of B. megacephala had the highest efficacy in 5-fold dilution, and its control effects against turnip aphid were 74.44%, 84.79% and 89.14% after pesticide spra- ying for 24, 48 and 72 h. The leaf-protection rates of 20% EC orB. megacephala in 10-fold dilution were 89.31% and 94.80% after pesticide spraying for 3 and 5 d; the leaf-protection rates of 10% EW of B. megacephala in 5-fold dilution were 93.50% and 97.83% after pesticide spraying for 3 and 5 d. [ Condusion] The methanol extract of B. megacephala had good control effect against turnip aphid and good protection rate on crops.展开更多
In order to test the control effect of 6% tebuconazole FS on maize head smut and to select its optimal dose for mixing seed, field tests were performed in 2012 and 2013. The results showed that 6% tebuconazole FS was ...In order to test the control effect of 6% tebuconazole FS on maize head smut and to select its optimal dose for mixing seed, field tests were performed in 2012 and 2013. The results showed that 6% tebuconazole FS was effective to control maize head smut, and the control effect ranged from 73.4% to 91.1%. In addition, it also improved the maize yield by 36.7%-44.1%, compared with the blank control. The optimal dose of 6% tebuconazole FS for seed dressing was 166.5 g/100 kg to control head smut on maize.展开更多
For the 2008 Olympic Games, drastic control measures were implemented on industrial and urban emissions of sulfur dioxide （SO2）, nitrogen oxides （NOx） and other pollutants to address the issues of poor air quality...For the 2008 Olympic Games, drastic control measures were implemented on industrial and urban emissions of sulfur dioxide （SO2）, nitrogen oxides （NOx） and other pollutants to address the issues of poor air quality in Beijing. To investigate the effects of SO2 and NOx reductions on the particulate sulfate and nitrate concentrations as well as their size distributions, size-segregated aerosol samples were collected using micro-orifice uniform deposit impactors （MOUDIs） at urban and downwind rural sites in Beijing before and after full-scale controls. During the sampling period, the mass concentrations of fine particles （PMI.s） at the urban and rural sites were 94.0 and 85.9 p.g m-3, respectively. More than 90% of the sulfates and 60% of nitrates formed as fine particles. Benefiting from the advantageous meteorological conditions and the source controls, sulfates were observed in rather low concentrations and primarily in condensation mode during the Olympics. The effects of the control measures were separately analyzed for the northerly and the southerly air-mass-dominated days to account for any bias. After the control measures were implemented, PM, sulfates, and nitrates were significantly reduced when the northerly air masses prevailed, with a higher percentage of reduction in larger particles. The droplet mode particles, which dominated the sulfates and nitrates before the controls were implemented, were remarkably reduced in mass concentration after the control measures were implemented. Nevertheless, when the polluted southerly air masses prevailed, the local source control measures in Beijing did not effectively reduce the ambient sulfate concentration due to the enormous regional contribution from the North China Plain.展开更多
This work aimed at revealing the mechanism of strong ground pressure behaviour(SGPB)induced by high-position hard roof(HHR).Based on the supporting structures model of HHR,a modified voussoir beam mechanical model for...This work aimed at revealing the mechanism of strong ground pressure behaviour(SGPB)induced by high-position hard roof(HHR).Based on the supporting structures model of HHR,a modified voussoir beam mechanical model for HHR was established by considering the gangue support coefficient,through which the modified expressions of limit breaking span and breaking energy of HHR were deduced.Combined with the relationship between the dynamic-static loading stress of supporting body(hydraulic support and coal wall)and its comprehensive supporting strength,the criteria of ground pressure behaviour(GPB)induced by HHR were discussed.The types of Ⅰ_(1),Ⅰ_(2),Ⅱ_(1),andⅡ_(2) of GPB were interpreted.Results showed that types Ⅰ_(1) and Ⅰ_(2) were the main forms of SGPB in extra-thick coal seam mining.The main manifestation of SGPB was static stress,which was mainly derived from the instability of HHR rather than fracture.Accordingly,an innovative control technology was proposed,which can weaken static load by vertical-well separated fracturing HHR.The research results have been successfully applied to the 8101 working face in Tashan coal mine,Shanxi Province,China.The results of a digital borehole camera observation and stress monitoring proved the rationality of the GPB criteria.The control technology was successful,paving the way for new possibilities to HHR control for safety mining.展开更多
文摘This study compared the control effect of 110 g/L etoxazole SC,15%abamectin·etoxazole SC,30%cyetpyrafen SC,43%bifenazate SC and 1.8%abamectin EC five acaricides sprayed by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)on Panonychus citri,aiming to screen out the appropriate acaricide for the control of this pest by UAV spraying.The results showed that 15%abamectin·etoxazole SC and 30%cyetpyrafen SC had the highest control efficacy,which remained above 90%14 d after application.Secondary performance was observed in 43%bifenazate SC and 110 g/L etoxazole SC,which demonstrated enhancing control effect.However,1.8%abamectin EC showed slower effect.Considering the control effect and population reduction rate of P.citri,15%abamectin·etoxazole SC and 30%cyetpyrafen SC were suggested as the effective acaricides for the control of this pest.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (90205011, 60674103)
文摘Future aerospace vehicles （ASV） are designed to fly in both inner and extra atmospheric fields, which requires autonomous adaptability to the uncertainties emanated from abrupt faults and continuously time-varying environments. An autonomous control reconfiguration scheme is presented for ASV to deal with the uncertainties on the base of control effectiveness estimation. The on-line estimation methods for the time-varying control effectiveness of linear control system are investigated. Some sufficient conditions for the estimable system are given for different cases. There are proposed corresponding on-line estimation algorithms which are proved to be convergent and robust to noise using the least-square-based methods. On the ground of fuzzy logic and linear programming, the control allocation algorithms, which are able to implement the autonomous control reconfiguration through the redundant actuators, are put forward. Finally, an integrated system is developed to verify the scheme and algorithms by way of numerical simulation and analysis.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of different rates of 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW for control of Poaceae weeds in transplanted rice in China. [Method] The experimental and eco-friendly herbicide, 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW, was applied in field trials in 2013 to investigate its efficacy in five representa-tive rice producing areas, one in each of the provinces Anhui, Hunan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Liaoning. [Result] The results showed that 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW could effectively control Poaceae weeds in transplanted rice without negative effects on the rice crop. The optimal application rate of 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW was found to be 750-1 500 ml/hm2. [Conclusion] The study confirmed that 10% cyhalofop-butyl EW has clear potential for wide-spread adoption in rice production systems.
基金funded by grants from the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou,China(202002020029)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(2019B020217003)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD02003)the National Key Technology Support Program of China(201303019-02)。
文摘The rice planthopper,Sogatella furcifera,is a piercing-sucking insect pest of rice,Oryza sativa.It is responsible for significant crop yield losses,and has developed moderate to high resistance to several commonly used chemical insecticides.We investigated the effects of the insect fungal pathogen Isaria javanica,alone and in combination with the chemical insecticide dinotefuran,on S.furcifera under both laboratory and field conditions.Our results show that I.javanica displays high infection efficiency and mortality for different stages of S.furcifera,reducing adult survival,female oviposition and ovary development.Laboratory bioassays showed that the combined use of I.javanica with a low dose(4-16 mg L^(-1))of dinotefuran resulted in higher mortality in S.furcifera than the use of I.javanica or dinotefuran alone.The combined treatment also had more significant effects on several host enzymes,including superoxide dismutase,catalase,peroxidase,and prophenol oxidase activities.In field trials,I.javanica effectively suppressed populations of rice planthoppers to low levels(22-64%of the level in untreated plots).Additional field experiments showed synergistic effects,i.e.,enhanced efficiency,for the control of S.furcifera populations using the combination of a low dose of I.javanica(1×10^(4) conidia mL^(-1))and a low dose of dinotefuran(~4.8-19.2%of normal field use levels),with control effects of>90%and a population level under 50 insects per 100 hills at 3-14 days post-treatment.Our findings indicate that the entomogenous fungus I.javanica offers an attractive biological control addition as part of the integrated pest management(IPM)practices for the control of rice plant pests.
文摘A field plot experiment was conducted to explore the control effects and safety of different post-emergence herbicides on weeds in the field with soybeanmaize strip intercropping.The control effects of five post-emergence herbicides on weeds in soybean rows and five post-emergence herbicides for weeds in maize rows were determined.The results showed that after 14 d of application,the control effects of quizalofop-P-ethyl·fomesafen 35%EW and fluoroglycofen 10% EC on weeds in soybean rows were 85.61% and 84.34%,respectively.The control effects of starane 288 g/L EC and mesotrione·atrazine 30% OD were 90.04% and 87.34%,respectively.The phytotoxicity index decreased gradually over time,which indicated that the herbicides were safe for soybean and maize.Moreover,the herbicides increased the yield of soybean and maize by 11.18%-19.42%and 13.11%-25.77%,respectively.These four herbicides can effectively control annual and perennial weeds in the field with soybean-maize strip intercropping at the recommended dosage and can be widely applied in production.
文摘Objective To analyze the changing trend of average medical expenses and structure in general hospitals and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)hospitals and the effects and differences achieved by the two kinds of hospitals through controlling unreasonable growth of medical expenses,so as to provide reference for controlling the rapid rise of medical cost in public hospitals and optimizing the cost structure.Methods Based on the changes of related indicators of medical expense control from 2012 to 2021,the overall characteristics,changes of cost structure and trends of medical expenses in general hospitals and TCM hospitals were investigated.Results and Conclusion From 2012 to 2021,the increase of medical expenses in general hospitals and traditional Chinese medicine hospitals had slowed down,the proportion of drug revenue to medical income began to decline,and the medical service income increased.However,the proportion of inspection,test and sanitary materials income has increased instead of decreasing,but the management cost has decreased.The two kinds of hospitals have achieved certain cost control results,the structure of medical cost has changed greatly,and the technical service and labor value of medical personnel have been reflected to a certain extent.However,it is still necessary to explore a more scientific and reasonable cost control mechanism to promote the further optimization of medical cost structure.
基金Supported by Special Fund for the Construction of Modern Agricultural Technology System(NYCYTX-43-syz3)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to compare the effects of sublimed sulfur and acaricide on controlling bee mites.[Method] Three independent experiments were carried out in the same apiary during 2007-2009.[Results] The results showed that this method is effective in eliminating mites settled on combs or hidden during pupae phase,but not in controlling the mites parasitized on adult bees.The control effect on killing Varroa destructor after treated appeared optimal in the first day and then decreased,and that on killing Tvopilaelaps clareae happened in the second day.The results indicated that the effect would be much better if the bees can be treated 1 time to 2 times again in the following 2-5 days after the first treatment.Back to data pool,we found that the treatment of sublimed sulfur paired with acaricide is effective in controlling V.destructor and T.clareae.[Conclusion] This technique could facilitate the apicultural production in the regions suffered from V.destructor and T.clareae.
基金Supported by Pesticide Innovation and Highly Efficient Implementation Technology of Special Foundation for Anhui Talents Development(13C1109)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to determine control effects of the 6 insecticides and recommended the optimal doses. [Method] In 2014, the control effects of sophocarpidine, pymetrozine, beta-cypermethrin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and chlor- pyrifos on wheat aphids were tested, and every pesticide was designed with three doses in Shou County, Anhui Province, to explore the significance of differences on control effects. [Result] The results showed that the control effects of the 6 insecti- cides were satisfied, and the insecticides were safe on wheat. [Conclusion] During initial diseasing stage of aphid, it is recommended to use sophocarpidine soluble concentrate （1.5%）, pymetrozine water dispersible granule （50%）, imidacloprid wet- table powder （25%）, and acetamiprid wettable powder （5%）, and chlorpyrifos missi- ble oil （40%）, cypermethrin missible oil （4.5%） and imidacloprid wettable powder （25%） can be applied in peak-diseasing stage.
基金Supported by Comprehensive Test Station in West Sichuan Plateau for National Apple's Industrial Technology System ( CARS-28)~~
文摘[ Objective ] The research aimed to discuss the occurrence regularity of apple early defoliation disease and control effects of fungicides in west Sichuan plateau. [ Method ] Apple early defoliation disease in west Sichuan plateau was systematically investigated during 2009 and 2011, and the control effects of different fungicides during different spraying periods were studied. [ Result] The species of pathogen mainly was Marssonina ma/i （ P. Henn）, accounting for 32.5%, Phyl-losticta Pirina Sa accounted for 29.9%, and Alternaria mali Roberts accounted for 25.7%. The field fluctuation regularity was as follows ： the disease generally be- gan in the mid-May and ended in early and middle October with only one damage peak during the whole year, the fluctuation had positive correlation with rainfall （ R2 =0.891 8 ＊ ＊ ）. Control test showed that 40% flusilazole had the best control effect （86.5%）, which was best to apply after anthesis. [ Conclusion ] The paper provided theoretical basis for the effective control against apple early defoliation disease.
基金Supported by Agricultural Science and Technology Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2012378)Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province(2013-NY-001)Agricultural Science and Technology Research and Development Program of Zhenjiang City(NY2014029)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to screen a synergistic biological fungicide complex to control Fusarium wilt, reducing the use of chemical pesticides. [Method] The inhibitory effects of Bacil us subtilis DJ-6 and pyraclostrobin alone or in combination at five ratios against Fusarium oxysporum were detected by mea-suring mycelium growth rate in laboratory tests. The growth promotion and disease control effect of combined or single use of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2 ×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP at 1∶1 000, 1∶2 000 and 1∶3 000 dilutions were detected in field trials. [Result] The EC50 values of combined use of B. subtilis DJ-6 and pyra-clostrobin at ratios of 1∶1, 1∶2, 1∶3, 1∶4 and 1∶5 against F. oxysporum were 5.311 5, 4.008 6, 3.570 6, 3.350 9 and 3.218 9 μg/ml, with the synergistic ratios （SR） of 2.28, 1.77, 1.53, 1.64, 1.11, among which the synergetic effect at 1∶1 was the best. The fungicidal activity of pyraclostrobin was greater than that of B. subtilis DJ-6 in laboratory tests. Field trials revealed that al the 1∶1 000, 1∶2 000 and 1∶3 000 dilu-tions of 20% pyraclostrobin·2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP in combination, 1∶1 000 dilution of 1 ×1012 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP and 1∶2 000 dilution of 250 g/L pyra-clostrobin EC promoted the growth of strawberry by increasing plant height, leaf petiole, leaf blade area and stem diameter. Among them, the treatments with 1∶1 000 and 1∶2 000 of 20% pyraclostrobin · 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP in combina-tion had better effects than other treatments. The control effects of al the treat-ments were measured 30 and 80 d after fungicide application. The control effects of 1∶1 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combina-tion were up to 100% and 93.11%, which were higher than those in al other treat-ments. The second highest control effects were found in the treatment with 1∶ 2 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combination, they were 92.49% and 86.49%, higher than those in other treatments except the 1∶1 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2 ×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combination. The control effects of 1∶3 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combination were 82.61% and 72.42%, higher than those in treatment with 1∶1 000 dilution of 1×1012 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP, but lower than those in treat-ment with 1∶2 000 dilution of 25% pyraclostrobin EC. [Conclusion] Al the results re-vealed that the combination use of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2 ×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP at 1∶1 000 to 1∶2 000 dilution had better control effect against strawberry Fusarium wilt.
基金Supported by Students Innovation Fund in Liaocheng UniversityKey topics Projects in Liaocheng University(x061005)Science and Technology Development Program,Education Department of Shandong Province(J09Lc17)~~
文摘[Objective] The study discussed the indoor activity and field control effect of vegetable oil on cucumber powdery mildew.[Method] The cucumber seedlings of Changchunmici were adopted as the material,which were inoculated with the fungus pathogen of cucumber powdery mildew naturally occurred in the field.The indoor protective test and field test were performed respectively to observe the control effects of different plant oils EC on the cucumber powdery mildew.[Result] When six plant oils EC including cottonseed oil,soybean oil,canola oil,corn oil,sesame oil and sunflower oil was diluted into 10 and 5 ml/L,they had better control effect on cucumber powdery mildew.As for the indoor protective effect,the protective effect of the vegetable oil EC was equivalent to the control agent triadimefon EC,the field control effect of vegetable oil EC was in the range of 60%-75%,which was consistent with 69%-70% control effect of contrast agent with 1 ml/L triadimefon EC dilution.[Conclusion] All vegetable oils EC had significant control effect on cucumber powdery mildew in the test.
基金Supported by Approving on the First Batch of National Modern Agriculture Demonstration District by Ministry of Agriculture([2010]No.22)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2016A020)~~
文摘In order to mitigate the occurrence and damage of cowpea whitefly, reduce chemical pesticide consumption, residue and environmental pollution, the methods of forecasting, randomized block design andstatistical analysis were used in field efficacy trials, to study the control effect of cowpea anthracnose by usingchemical pesticides dinotefuran, acetamiprid, pymetrozine, and bio-pesticide avermectin. The results showed that after applying 1.85% avermectin EC 375 g, 20% dinotefuran SP 600 g, 5% acetamiprid WP 600 g, and 25% pymetrozine WP 600 g （control pesticide） per hm2 once every 5-8 days, and 3 times continuously underserious autumn occurrence of greenhouse whitefly, the control efficacy was 90.9%, 97.0%, 88.0%, 93.9%respectively on the 7th day after the pesticides application; 97.4%, 92.1%, 84.2%, 89.4% respectively on the 14th day after the pesticides application; and 95.6%, 86.7%, 82.2%, 84.5%, respectively on the 20th day afterthe pesticides application. The control effects among avermectin, acetamiprid and pymetrozine were not significantly different, while the effects of avermectin and pymetrozine were significantly higher than that of acetamiprid on the 7th day. The control effects among avermectin, dinotefuran and pymetrozine were not significantly different, while significantly higher than that of acetamiprid on the 14th day. The control effect of avermectin was significantly higher than that of dinotefuran, acetamiprid and pymetrozine on the 20th day. Meanwhile, the control effect of avermectin was slightly lower, higher and much higher than that of dinotefuran on the 7th, 14th, 20th day respectively after the treatment. These results indicated that the four pesticides,especiaLly biopesticide avermectin, were ideal pesticides, which could not only be used for controlling cowpea whitefly, but also realize modern, green, organic and ecological agricultural production.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Fund of Changsha Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology(K1301004-21)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31101460)Science and Technology Fund of China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co.,Ltd.(09-11Aa30)~~
文摘The laboratory bioassay and field control efficacy of Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus（Spli NPV） Chenzhou strain were preliminarily examined. The efficient artificial propagation method was to feed the host larvae with virus suspension,and the average mortality of the insects was 65.0%. The death peak of the pests appeared 4-8 d after virus infection. The high temperature, high humidity and poor light could help the virus infection and propagation. Filed control efficacy of Chenzhou strain was 86.6% in laboratory, which was better than of another commercial strain. The corrected control efficacy of this strain was 88.4% the field, which was higher than that of avermectin pesticide significantly. It was detected that the occlusion body（OB） concentration of the initial virus＇ s stock solution was 1.03×1011OBs/ml,and it was a strong SpliNPV strain, as it showed an excellent efficacy to control the pest Spodoptera litura, and thus there will be a good prospect of application and development of this SpliNPV strain.
文摘Objective To compare the efficacy differences between acupuncture and western medicine in treating osteoarthritis of knee joints.Methods One hundred and twenty cases were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and a western medication group with 60 cases in each group.In the acupuncture group,acupuncture was applied mainly at Nèixīyǎn（内膝眼 EX-LE 4）,Dúbí（犊鼻 ST 35）,Yīnlíngquán（阴陵泉 SP 9） and Yánglíngquán（阳陵泉 GB 34） plus other acupoints selected according to syndrome differentiation.In the medication group,Glucosamine Hydrochloride capsules were orally given 3 times daily with 2 capsules each time.Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index（WOMAC）,Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey（SF-36,Chinese version） were used to assess therapeutic effects before treatment,after 4 weeks treatment and 9 weeks after treatment,respectively.Results After 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rates were 86.7%（52/60） and 88.3%（53/60） in the acupuncture group and the western medication group,respectively,without significant difference（P〈0.05）.In 9 weeks after treatment,the total effective rates were 83.3%（50/60） and 61.7%（37/60） in the acupuncture group and the western medication group,respectively,with significant difference between the two groups（P〈0.05）.According to WOMAC and SF-36,the scores were all improved in both groups（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,with significant difference in follow-up visit of 9 weeks after treatment between the two groups（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,but not after 4 weeks of treatments（both P〈0.05）.Conclusion Short-term of therapeutic effects of acupuncture and oral administration of Glucosamine Hydrochloride on osteoarthritis of knee joints are similar,but long-term efficacy in the acupuncture group is better than that in the western medication group.
基金Supported by Special Funding for Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System~~
文摘[ Objective ] The paper was to investigate the occurrence condition of pear blight rot in pear-producing areas in Qianxian of Shannxi Province, so as to find the main cause of the disease and the effective agents for the disease. [Method] The occurrence condition of pear blight rot was surveyed in field, the inci- dence rate of trees and incidence index of fruits were counted, and the field control test of different agents against pear blight rot was carried out. [ Result] The ma- jor reasons for outbreak of pear blight rot in Ganhe pear-producing areas in Qianxian of Shannxi Province were excessive rainfall and high temperature and humidity in July 2010, poor drainage in orchards and large planting density were also the main factors causing outbreak of pear blight rot. 64% oxadixyl · mancozeb WP, 60% metalaxyl-mancozeb WP and 80% aliette WP had significant control effect on pear blight rot, fruit bagging was also an ideal measure for prevention of the dis- ease. [ Conclusion] Pear production should focus on improving the air and light condition, enhancing the drainage capacity of orchard and promoting bagging culti- vation, and the systemic control agents should be selected to control pear blight rot.
文摘The paper reviewed the function mechanism of Bilken virusicide against rice stipe disease, and then introduced its control effects in field test as well as its application method.
文摘[ Objective ] The paper was to explore the application of botanical pesticides on controlling turnip aphid （ Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach）. [ Method ] Through potting efficacy experiment of Chinese cabbage, the control effects of two preparations（20% EC and 10% EW）of methanol extract of Blumea megacephala Chang et Tseng against turnip aphid, as well as leaf-protection effect on Chinese cabbage were determined. [ Result] 20% EC of B. megacephala had the highest efficacy in 10-fold dilution, and its control effects against turnip aphid were 57.78%, 77.19% and 84.79% after pesticide spraying for 24, 48 and 72 h; 10% EW of B. megacephala had the highest efficacy in 5-fold dilution, and its control effects against turnip aphid were 74.44%, 84.79% and 89.14% after pesticide spra- ying for 24, 48 and 72 h. The leaf-protection rates of 20% EC orB. megacephala in 10-fold dilution were 89.31% and 94.80% after pesticide spraying for 3 and 5 d; the leaf-protection rates of 10% EW of B. megacephala in 5-fold dilution were 93.50% and 97.83% after pesticide spraying for 3 and 5 d. [ Condusion] The methanol extract of B. megacephala had good control effect against turnip aphid and good protection rate on crops.
文摘In order to test the control effect of 6% tebuconazole FS on maize head smut and to select its optimal dose for mixing seed, field tests were performed in 2012 and 2013. The results showed that 6% tebuconazole FS was effective to control maize head smut, and the control effect ranged from 73.4% to 91.1%. In addition, it also improved the maize yield by 36.7%-44.1%, compared with the blank control. The optimal dose of 6% tebuconazole FS for seed dressing was 166.5 g/100 kg to control head smut on maize.
基金the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973program)，a key project of the Shandong Provincial Environmental Protection Department，the Niche Area Development Scheme of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University，the Hong Kong Research Grants Council，the central level,scientific research institutes for basic R & D special fund business
文摘For the 2008 Olympic Games, drastic control measures were implemented on industrial and urban emissions of sulfur dioxide （SO2）, nitrogen oxides （NOx） and other pollutants to address the issues of poor air quality in Beijing. To investigate the effects of SO2 and NOx reductions on the particulate sulfate and nitrate concentrations as well as their size distributions, size-segregated aerosol samples were collected using micro-orifice uniform deposit impactors （MOUDIs） at urban and downwind rural sites in Beijing before and after full-scale controls. During the sampling period, the mass concentrations of fine particles （PMI.s） at the urban and rural sites were 94.0 and 85.9 p.g m-3, respectively. More than 90% of the sulfates and 60% of nitrates formed as fine particles. Benefiting from the advantageous meteorological conditions and the source controls, sulfates were observed in rather low concentrations and primarily in condensation mode during the Olympics. The effects of the control measures were separately analyzed for the northerly and the southerly air-mass-dominated days to account for any bias. After the control measures were implemented, PM, sulfates, and nitrates were significantly reduced when the northerly air masses prevailed, with a higher percentage of reduction in larger particles. The droplet mode particles, which dominated the sulfates and nitrates before the controls were implemented, were remarkably reduced in mass concentration after the control measures were implemented. Nevertheless, when the polluted southerly air masses prevailed, the local source control measures in Beijing did not effectively reduce the ambient sulfate concentration due to the enormous regional contribution from the North China Plain.
基金This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51974042)the Shanxi Province Science and Technology Plan Exposed Bidding Project(No.20191101015)+3 种基金the Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Mine Disaster Prevention and Control(No.JMDPC202102)the Scientific Research Project of Introducing Talents in Guizhou University(No.202045)the Open Project Program of National Engineering Technology Research Center of Development and Utilization for Phosphorus Resources(NECP202210)the Growth Project of Young Scientific and Technological Talents in Universities of Guizhou Province(KY2022139).
文摘This work aimed at revealing the mechanism of strong ground pressure behaviour(SGPB)induced by high-position hard roof(HHR).Based on the supporting structures model of HHR,a modified voussoir beam mechanical model for HHR was established by considering the gangue support coefficient,through which the modified expressions of limit breaking span and breaking energy of HHR were deduced.Combined with the relationship between the dynamic-static loading stress of supporting body(hydraulic support and coal wall)and its comprehensive supporting strength,the criteria of ground pressure behaviour(GPB)induced by HHR were discussed.The types of Ⅰ_(1),Ⅰ_(2),Ⅱ_(1),andⅡ_(2) of GPB were interpreted.Results showed that types Ⅰ_(1) and Ⅰ_(2) were the main forms of SGPB in extra-thick coal seam mining.The main manifestation of SGPB was static stress,which was mainly derived from the instability of HHR rather than fracture.Accordingly,an innovative control technology was proposed,which can weaken static load by vertical-well separated fracturing HHR.The research results have been successfully applied to the 8101 working face in Tashan coal mine,Shanxi Province,China.The results of a digital borehole camera observation and stress monitoring proved the rationality of the GPB criteria.The control technology was successful,paving the way for new possibilities to HHR control for safety mining.
