Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electro...Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electrocatalytic reaction kinetics at the cathode.The integration of light energy into Zn/Sn-air batteries is a promising strategy for enhancing their performance.However,the photothermal and photoelectric effects generate heat in the battery under prolonged solar irradiation,leading to air cathode instability.This paper presents the first design and synthesis of Ni_(2)-1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone(Ni_(2)DDA),an electronically conductiveπ-d conjugated metal-organic framework(MOF).Ni_(2)DDA exhibits both photoelectric and photothermal effects,with an optical band gap of~1.14 eV.Under illumination,Ni_(2)DDA achieves excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance(with an overpotential of 245 mV vs.reversible hydrogen electrode at 10 mA cm^(−2))and photothermal stability.These properties result from the synergy between the photoelectric and photothermal effects of Ni_(2)DDA.Upon integration into Zn/Sn-air batteries,Ni_(2)DDA ensures excellent cycling stability under light and exhibits remarkable performance in high-temperature environments up to 80℃.This study experimentally confirms the stable operation of photo-assisted Zn/Sn-air batteries under high-temperature conditions for the first time and provides novel insights into the application of electronically conductive MOFs in photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal catalysis.展开更多
Horticultural crops are important for global nutrition,health,and economic security but are increasingly challenged by climate change and environmental stresses.The advent of CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered Regularly Interspace...Horticultural crops are important for global nutrition,health,and economic security but are increasingly challenged by climate change and environmental stresses.The advent of CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-Associated Protein 9)has revolutionized precision breeding by enabling targeted gene modifications that enhance yield,disease resistance,and stress tolerance.This review summarizes recent advancements in the application of CRISPR/Cas9 across fruit,vegetable,and ornamental crops,highlighting key achievements in enhancing crop quality,shelf life,and resilience.It also explores the potential of base and prime editing technologies,which offer greater precision and reduced risk of unintended mutations.Despite these advancements,the practical use of genome editing in horticulture faces persistent challenges,including inefficient delivery systems,off-target effects,and the limited regeneration capacity of many species.Furthermore,regulatory ambiguity,ethical considerations,and public skepticism continue to shape the global acceptance and commercialization of genome-edited crops.Integrating CRISPR-based tools into mainstream horticultural breeding programs offers a pathway for the development of climate-resilient,high-quality crops and for sustainable agricultural development in the face of global challenges.展开更多
Objective:To compare the effectiveness,safety,acceptability,and confounding factors of the two-rod levonorgestrel implants between the Indoplant and Sinoplant implant brands.Methods:The study was a double-blind,random...Objective:To compare the effectiveness,safety,acceptability,and confounding factors of the two-rod levonorgestrel implants between the Indoplant and Sinoplant implant brands.Methods:The study was a double-blind,randomized controlled trial at three different centers in Indonesia.A total of 531 participants that met inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomized into two groups,with 264 participants in the Sinoplant group and 267 participants in the Indoplant group.At each center,participants were divided into two groups for Sinoplant and Indoplant.The participants were followed up for 36 months.Four parameters were evaluated:implant effectiveness,safety,acceptability,and confounding factors.Results:A total of 531 eligible participants were enrolled in this study.Both Sinoplant and Indoplant showed 100%efficacy in preventing pregnancy,with no significant differences in side effects.24.22%of the Sinoplant group and 22.18%of the Indoplant group reported weight changes.8.60%of the Sinoplant group and 9.73%of the Indoplant group reported menstrual changes,and 1.17%of the both groups experienced intermenstrual bleeding.Implant acceptability was 96.61%,with 3.39%dropout rates.Confounding factors such as age,parity,and contraceptive history did not significantly differ between the two groups.Conclusions:Sinoplant and Indoplant did not differ significantly in contraceptive effectiveness,safety,acceptability,and confounding factors.展开更多
Aging is a complex biological process characterized by nine hallmarks,including genomic instability,mitochondrial dysfunction,and chronic inflammation,which collectively drive the progression of age-related chronic no...Aging is a complex biological process characterized by nine hallmarks,including genomic instability,mitochondrial dysfunction,and chronic inflammation,which collectively drive the progression of age-related chronic non-communicable diseases.Phytonutrients,a class of bioactive secondary metabolites abundant in plants,have emerged as a promising research focus for intervening in the aging process due to their multifaceted biological activities.This review systematically elaborates on the molecular mechanisms,key signaling pathways,specifically SIRT1,Nrf2/ARE,and AMPK/mTOR,and the synergistic anti-aging effects of four typical phytonutrient categories:polyphenols(e.g.,resveratrol,quercetin),carotenoids(e.g.,lycopene,astaxanthin),sulfur compounds(e.g.,α-lipoic acid,ergothioneine),and phytoestrogens(e.g.,soybean isoflavones).The evidence indicates that these compounds combat aging through a multidimensional network involving direct antioxidant actions,free radical scavenging,metal chelation,promotion of autophagy,and modulation of inflammatory and epigenetic pathways.Crucially,the review highlights that synergistic interactions between different phytonutrients can significantly enhance their efficacy beyond the effect of any single compound.The aim is to consolidate the anti-aging evidence of phytonutrients and address the current translational challenges,such as bioavailability and a lack of robust human trials,thereby providing a comprehensive theoretical framework for developing effective,diet-centered strategies to promote healthy aging and reduce the global burden of non-communicable diseases.展开更多
Owing to the inherent limitation of the internal pulse ionization chamber within the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor,that is,its inability to discriminate the energy levels of α particles,the ingress of^(220)Rn from ...Owing to the inherent limitation of the internal pulse ionization chamber within the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor,that is,its inability to discriminate the energy levels of α particles,the ingress of^(220)Rn from the surrounding environment,along with its decay progeny,poses a substantive challenge in accurately determining the^(222)Rn concentration in the measurement outcomes.Among these,the protracted influence primarily stems from the two enduring decay progenies,namely^(212)Pb with a half-life of 10.64 h and^(212)Bi with a half-life of 60.54 min.This study explored the influence of^(220)Rn progeny on the measurement results of an AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor by developing a theoretical calculation model.The response coefficient related to the residual^(220)Rn progeny within the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor was experimentally validated.In addition,this study investigated the effects of temperature and wind speed on the sensitivity of the instrument to^(220)Rn gas.The research findings revealed commendable agreement between the experimentally measured response coefficients of the residual^(220)Rn progeny and the corresponding values derived from the theoretical model.Notably,both the response coefficients of the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor to^(220)Rn gas and its internal residual^(220)Rn progeny increased with elevated temperatures and increased wind speeds,providing a reference for correcting the impact of^(220)Rn and its progeny on the measurement results of^(222)Rn concentration obtained using the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor.展开更多
Population aging is one of the common challenges in the current world.As people age,the body’s tissues including cells,and molecules inevitably degrade,and their functions gradually decline,causing various age-relate...Population aging is one of the common challenges in the current world.As people age,the body’s tissues including cells,and molecules inevitably degrade,and their functions gradually decline,causing various age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s disease,osteoporosis,low immunity,glucose and lipid metabolism disorders,and cardiovascular diseases.With the continuous increase of the elderly population,the pressure on the medical industry is increasing.To lower the burden on the medical industry and increase the average age of the elderly,it is vital to explore effective anti-aging materials.Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma(Renshen),as a traditional and precious Chinese medicinal herb,is known as the“king of all herbs”.It is famous for its effects of“tonifying Qi,restoring pulse”(helping with the generation of Qi(the fundamental,vital energy that continuously flows within the body)and the circulation of blood)and strengthening the body,nourishing the spleen and lungs,generating fluids and nourishing blood,calming the mind and improving intelligence.Recently,its anti-aging effect has received increasing attention from modern scientific research.This study summarizes the pharmacological effects of the main active ingredients of Renshen(ginsenosides,polysaccharides,etc.)on resisting aging,including preventing neuroaging,suppressing skin aging,mitigating ovarian aging,inhibiting osteoporosis and arthritis,enhancing the immune system of the elderly,protecting the cardiovascular system,resisting aging-induced fatigue and exerting the anti-tumor effects.Through network pharmacology and molecular docking,the anti-aging active ingredients of Renshen were screened,and the key targets and pathways of anti-aging active ingredients in Renshen were determined.Using network pharmacology,totally 106 drug targets and 3,479 disease targets were screened,and 79 common targets between aging and Renshen were identified.Three core targets were identified in the PPI network,including TNF,AKT1,and IL-1β.Molecular docking was used to obtain further verification.This study emphasizes the potential of Renshen as a source of anti-aging activity,which can be developed into a novel drug for the treatment of age-related diseases.展开更多
Landslides pose a formidable natural hazard across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),endangering both ecosystems and human life.Identifying the driving factors behind landslides and accurately assessing susceptibility ar...Landslides pose a formidable natural hazard across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),endangering both ecosystems and human life.Identifying the driving factors behind landslides and accurately assessing susceptibility are key to mitigating disaster risk.This study integrated multi-source historical landslide data with 15 predictive factors and used several machine learning models—Random Forest(RF),Gradient Boosting Regression Trees(GBRT),Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),and Categorical Boosting(CatBoost)—to generate susceptibility maps.The Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)method was applied to quantify factor importance and explore their nonlinear effects.The results showed that:(1)CatBoost was the best-performing model(CA=0.938,AUC=0.980)in assessing landslide susceptibility,with altitude emerging as the most significant factor,followed by distance to roads and earthquake sites,precipitation,and slope;(2)the SHAP method revealed critical nonlinear thresholds,demonstrating that historical landslides were concentrated at mid-altitudes(1400-4000 m)and decreased markedly above 4000 m,with a parallel reduction in probability beyond 700 m from roads;and(3)landslide-prone areas,comprising 13%of the QTP,were concentrated in the southeastern and northeastern parts of the plateau.By integrating machine learning and SHAP analysis,this study revealed landslide hazard-prone areas and their driving factors,providing insights to support disaster management strategies and sustainable regional planning.展开更多
This work presents a systematic analysis of proton-induced total ionizing dose(TID)effects in 1.2 k V silicon carbide(SiC)power devices with various edge termination structures.Three edge terminations including ring-a...This work presents a systematic analysis of proton-induced total ionizing dose(TID)effects in 1.2 k V silicon carbide(SiC)power devices with various edge termination structures.Three edge terminations including ring-assisted junction termination extension(RA-JTE),multiple floating zone JTE(MFZ-JTE),and field limiting rings(FLR)were fabricated and irradiated with45 Me V protons at fluences ranging from 1×10^(12) to 1×10^(14) cm^(-2).Experimental results,supported by TCAD simulations,show that the RA-JTE structure maintained stable breakdown performance with less than 1%variation due to its effective electric field redistribution by multiple P+rings.In contrast,MFZ-JTE and FLR exhibit breakdown voltage shifts of 6.1%and 15.2%,respectively,under the highest fluence.These results demonstrate the superior radiation tolerance of the RA-JTE structure under TID conditions and provide practical design guidance for radiation-hardened Si C power devices in space and other highradiation environments.展开更多
Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based met...Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based methods,tracking on a single CPU core,or parallelizing the computation across multiple cores via the message passing interface(MPI).Although these approaches work well for single-bunch tracking,scaling them to multiple bunches significantly increases the computational load,which often necessitates the use of a dedicated multi-CPU cluster.To address this challenge,alternative methods leveraging General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units(GPGPU)have been proposed,enabling tracking studies on a standalone desktop personal computer(PC).However,frequent CPU-GPU interactions,including data transfers and synchronization operations during tracking,can introduce communication overheads,potentially reducing the overall effectiveness of GPU-based computations.In this study,we propose a novel approach that eliminates this overhead by performing the entire tracking simulation process exclusively on the GPU,thereby enabling the simultaneous processing of all bunches and their macro-particles.Specifically,we introduce MBTRACK2-CUDA,a Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA)ported version of MBTRACK2,which facilitates efficient tracking of single-and multi-bunch collective effects by leveraging the full GPU-resident computation.展开更多
In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural a...In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural and anthropogenic effects on marine aerosols optical properties,as well as the applicability of multi-satellite products and IMPROVE equation.The averaged aerosol optical depth(AOD500 nm)was 0.31±0.16 andÅngström exponent440–675 nm was 0.29±0.30.In offshore China,significant anthropogenic emissions affected the marine environment.In remote WPO,dust aerosols transported from northern China,Siberia,Central Asia,and those settling from the upper troposphere originating from north Africa,Arabian peninsula,and western India,were dominant.The spatial trends of AOD were opposite in the mid-latitude and southern seas of WPO.The highest AOD,0.32±0.23,appeared along the coast of South Asia at mid-latitude,decreasing from offshore seas to remote oceans.In low-latitude and equatorial seas,AOD significantly increased from coast to remote oceans.Ångström exponent dropped significantly from the coast to remote oceans as anthropogenic influence diminished across the entire WPO.Correlation analysis showed that both MODIS-C6 and Himawari AOD prod-ucts showed similar applicability in coastal urban areas,while Himawari AOD is highly recommended for coastal background and marine environment due to its finer resolution.The extinction coefficient derived from PM_(2.5) chemical compositions using IMPROVE algorithm exhibited a significant correlation(R^(2)=0.58)with the con-currently measured AOD in the absence of long-distance transport,suggesting that the IMPROVE is a reasonable proxy of the columnar average of marine aerosol extinctions free from transport influences.展开更多
Electron–hole(e–h)recombination is a fundamental process that governs energy dissipation and device efficiency in semiconductors.In two-dimensional(2D)materials,the formation of tightly bound excitons makes exciton-...Electron–hole(e–h)recombination is a fundamental process that governs energy dissipation and device efficiency in semiconductors.In two-dimensional(2D)materials,the formation of tightly bound excitons makes exciton-mediated e–h recombination the dominant decay pathway.In this work,nonradiative e–h recombination within excitons in monolayer MoS2 is investigated using first-principles simulations that combine nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with𝐺𝑊and real-time Bethe–Salpeter equation(BSE)propagation.A two-step process is identified:rapid intervalley redistribution induced by exchange interaction,followed by slower phonon-assisted recombination facilitated by exciton binding.By selectively removing the screened Coulomb and exchange terms from the BSE Hamiltonian,their respective contributions are disentangled—exchange interaction is found to increase the number of accessible recombination pathways,while binding reduces the excitation energy and enhances nonradiative decay.A reduction in recombination lifetime by over an order of magnitude is observed due to the excitonic many-body effects.These findings provide microscopic insights for understanding and tuning exciton lifetimes in 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides.展开更多
This supplemental material contains three sections:(Ⅰ)Derivation of the Floquet lattice Hamiltonian;(Ⅱ)Surface states of the Floquet lattice Hamiltonian;(Ⅲ)Evolution of Floquet Weyl points and Fermi arcs with the i...This supplemental material contains three sections:(Ⅰ)Derivation of the Floquet lattice Hamiltonian;(Ⅱ)Surface states of the Floquet lattice Hamiltonian;(Ⅲ)Evolution of Floquet Weyl points and Fermi arcs with the increase of light amplitude;(Ⅳ)Formalism for light-induced anomalous Hall effects.展开更多
Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have been regarded as one of the most promising alternatives in the post-lithium battery era due to their high energy density,which meets the needs of light-weight electronic devices and l...Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have been regarded as one of the most promising alternatives in the post-lithium battery era due to their high energy density,which meets the needs of light-weight electronic devices and long-range electric vehicles.However,technical barriers such as dendrite growth and poor Li plating/stripping reversibility severely hinder the practical application of LMBs.However,lithium nitrate(LiNO_(3))is found to be able to stabilize the Li/electrolyte interface and has been used to address the above challenges.To date,considerable research efforts have been devoted toward understanding the roles of LiNO_(3) in regulating the surface properties of Li anodes and toward the development of many effective strategies.These research efforts are partially mentioned in some articles on LMBs and yet have not been reviewed systematically.To fill this gap,we discuss the recent advances in fundamental and technological research on LiNO_(3) and its derivatives for improving the performances of LMBs,particularly for Li-sulfur(S),Li-oxygen(O),and Li-Li-containing transition-metal oxide(LTMO)batteries,as well as LiNO_(3)-containing recipes for precursors in battery materials and interphase fabrication.This review pays attention to the effects of LiNO_(3) in lithium-based batteries,aiming to provide scientific guidance for the optimization of electrode/electrolyte interfaces and enrich the design of advanced LMBs.展开更多
Ischemic stroke is a secondary cause of mortality worldwide,imposing considerable medical and economic burdens on society.Extracellular vesicles,serving as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery,exhibit excellent bioc...Ischemic stroke is a secondary cause of mortality worldwide,imposing considerable medical and economic burdens on society.Extracellular vesicles,serving as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery,exhibit excellent biocompatibility in vivo and have significant advantages in the management of ischemic stroke.However,the uncertain distribution and rapid clearance of extracellular vesicles impede their delivery efficiency.By utilizing membrane decoration or by encapsulating therapeutic cargo within extracellular vesicles,their delivery efficacy may be greatly improved.Furthermore,previous studies have indicated that microvesicles,a subset of large-sized extracellular vesicles,can transport mitochondria to neighboring cells,thereby aiding in the restoration of mitochondrial function post-ischemic stroke.Small extracellular vesicles have also demonstrated the capability to transfer mitochondrial components,such as proteins or deoxyribonucleic acid,or their sub-components,for extracellular vesicle-based ischemic stroke therapy.In this review,we undertake a comparative analysis of the isolation techniques employed for extracellular vesicles and present an overview of the current dominant extracellular vesicle modification methodologies.Given the complex facets of treating ischemic stroke,we also delineate various extracellular vesicle modification approaches which are suited to different facets of the treatment process.Moreover,given the burgeoning interest in mitochondrial delivery,we delved into the feasibility and existing research findings on the transportation of mitochondrial fractions or intact mitochondria through small extracellular vesicles and microvesicles to offer a fresh perspective on ischemic stroke therapy.展开更多
Dispatched by the Chinese government,a multidisciplinary team of 30 researchers collaborated with a team from Myanmar to conduct a 14-day on-site investigation.The work encompassed seismic intensity assessments,field ...Dispatched by the Chinese government,a multidisciplinary team of 30 researchers collaborated with a team from Myanmar to conduct a 14-day on-site investigation.The work encompassed seismic intensity assessments,field surveys,and loss evaluations.The paper focuses on the intensity distribution and structural damage characteristics of the 2025 M7.9 Myanmar earthquake,yielding the following key findings.(1)The seismogenic fault rupture propagated in a nearly N-S direction,with a surface rupture length of approximately 450 km.The seismic impact zone exhibited an elongated N-S distribution and a shorter E-W span,distributed like a belt around the seismogenic fault.(2)Within the seismic impact zones,existing buildings comprised five primary structural types,with timber(bamboo)structures constituting the largest proportion(≈80%in rural areas,≈50%in urban areas).The relatively low disaster losses and casualties were primarily attributable to the good seismic performance and low damage ratio of timber(bamboo)structures across varying intensity zones.(3)An anomalous zone of intensityⅨwas located at the boundary between intensityⅥandⅦregions in Nay Pyi Taw.Here,ridge topography combined with soft soil layers significantly amplified ground motion,exacerbating structural damage.(4)Directional effects of ground motion were observed,with the structural damage phenomena and peak ground acceleration(PGA)values in the N-S direction exceeding those in the E-W direction.This validates that the maximum PGA distribution of strike-slip fault earthquakes aligns with the fault strike.The research is expected to provide technical support for post-disaster reconstruction planning,site selection,and disaster mitigation strategies in Myanmar.展开更多
Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P...Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P fractions is potentially an adaptive strategy for plants to cope with soil N(P)availability and nutrient-limiting conditions.However,the impact of the interactions between imbalanced anthropogenic N and P inputs on the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions in forest woody plants remains elusive.We conducted a metaanalysis of data about the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions,specifically associated with individual and combined additions of N and P in evergreen forests,the dominant vegetation type in southern China where the primary productivity is usually considered limited by P.This assessment allowed us to quantitatively evaluate the effects of N and P additions alone and interactively on leaf P allocation and use strategies.Nitrogen addition(exacerbating P limitation)reduced the concentrations of leaf total P and different leaf P fractions.Nitrogen addition reduced the allocation to leaf metabolic P but increased the allocation to other fractions,while P addition showed opposite trends.The simultaneous additions of N and P showed an antagonistic(mutual suppression)effect on the concentrations of leaf P fractions,but an additive(summary)effect on the allocation proportions of leaf P fractions.These results highlight the importance of strategies of leaf P fraction allocation in forest plants under changes in environmental nutrient availability.Importantly,our study identified critical interactions associated with combined N and P inputs that affect leaf P fractions,thus aiding in predicting plant acclimation strategies in the context of intensifying and imbalanced anthropogenic nutrient inputs.展开更多
In existing studies, most slope stability analyses concentrate on conditions with constant temperature, assuming the slope is intact, and employ the Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) failure criterion for saturated soil to character...In existing studies, most slope stability analyses concentrate on conditions with constant temperature, assuming the slope is intact, and employ the Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) failure criterion for saturated soil to characterize the strength of the backfill. However, the actual working temperature of slopes varies, and natural phenomena such as rainfall and groundwater infiltration commonly result in unsaturated soil conditions, with cracks typically present in cohesive slopes. This study introduces a novel approach for assessing the stability of unsaturated soil stepped slopes under varying temperatures, incorporating the effects of open and vertical cracks. Utilizing the kinematic approach and gravity increase method, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) rotational wedge failure mechanism to simulate slope collapse, enhancing the traditional two-dimensional analyses. We integrated temperature-dependent functions and nonlinear shear strength equations to evaluate the impact of temperature on four typical unsaturated soil types. A particle swarm optimization algorithm was employed to calculate the safety factor, ensuring our method’s accuracy by comparing it with existing studies. The results indicate that considering 3D effects yields a higher safety factor, while cracks reduce slope stability. Each unsaturated soil exhibits a distinctive temperature response curve, highlighting the importance of understanding soil types in the design phase.展开更多
Exosomes(Exos)are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells and serve as crucial mediators of intercellular communication.They play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases and offer promi...Exosomes(Exos)are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells and serve as crucial mediators of intercellular communication.They play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases and offer promising avenues for therapeutic interventions.Exos derived from mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have significant immunomodulatory properties.They effectively regulate immune responses by modulating both innate and adaptive immunity.These Exos can inhibit excessive inflammatory responses and promote tissue repair.Moreover,they participate in antigen presentation,which is essential for activating immune responses.The cargo of these Exos,including ligands,proteins,and microRNAs,can suppress T cell activity or enhance the population of immunosuppressive cells to dampen the immune response.By inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation,acting on macrophages,and increasing the population of regulatory T cells,these Exos contribute to maintaining immune and metabolic homeostasis.Furthermore,they can activate immune-related signaling pathways or serve as vehicles to deliver microRNAs and other bioactive substances to target tumor cells,which holds potential for immunotherapy applications.Given the immense therapeutic potential of MSC-derived Exos,this review comprehensively explores their mechanisms of immune regulation and therapeutic applications in areas such as infection control,tumor suppression,and autoimmune disease management.This article aims to provide valuable insights into the mechanisms behind the actions of MSC-derived Exos,offering theoretical references for their future clinical utilization as cell-free drug preparations.展开更多
Nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))from diesel engine exhaust,is one of the major sources of environmental pollution.Currently,selective catalytic reduction with ammonia(NH_(3)-SCR)is considered to be the most effective protocol ...Nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))from diesel engine exhaust,is one of the major sources of environmental pollution.Currently,selective catalytic reduction with ammonia(NH_(3)-SCR)is considered to be the most effective protocol for reducing NO_(x)emissions.Nowadays,zeolitebased NH_(3)-SCR catalysts have been industrialized and widespread used in this field.Nevertheless,with the increasingly stringent environmental regulations and implementation of the requirement of“zero emission”of diesel engine exhaust,it is extremely urgent to prepare catalysts with superior NH_(3)-SCR activity and exceptional resistance to poisons(SO2,alkali metals,hydrocarbons,etc.).Core-shell structure zeolite-based catalysts(CSCs)have shown great promise in NH_(3)-SCR of NO_(x)in recent years by virtue of its relatively higher low-temperature activity,broader operation temperature window and outstanding resistance to poisons.This review mainly focuses on the recent progress of CSCs for NH_(3)-SCR of NO_(x)with three extensively investigated SSZ-13,ZSM-5,Beta zeolites as cores.The reaction mechanisms of resistance to sulfur poisoning,alkali metal poisoning,hydrocarbon poisoning,and hydrothermal aging are summarized.Moreover,the important role of interfacial effect between core and shell in the reaction of NH_(3)-SCR was clarified.Finally,the future development and application outlook of CSCs are prospected.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62464010)Spring City Plan-Special Program for Young Talents(K202005007)+2 种基金Yunnan Talents Support Plan for Young Talents(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0482)Yunnan Local Colleges Applied Basic Research Projects(202101BA070001-138)Frontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023.
文摘Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electrocatalytic reaction kinetics at the cathode.The integration of light energy into Zn/Sn-air batteries is a promising strategy for enhancing their performance.However,the photothermal and photoelectric effects generate heat in the battery under prolonged solar irradiation,leading to air cathode instability.This paper presents the first design and synthesis of Ni_(2)-1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone(Ni_(2)DDA),an electronically conductiveπ-d conjugated metal-organic framework(MOF).Ni_(2)DDA exhibits both photoelectric and photothermal effects,with an optical band gap of~1.14 eV.Under illumination,Ni_(2)DDA achieves excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance(with an overpotential of 245 mV vs.reversible hydrogen electrode at 10 mA cm^(−2))and photothermal stability.These properties result from the synergy between the photoelectric and photothermal effects of Ni_(2)DDA.Upon integration into Zn/Sn-air batteries,Ni_(2)DDA ensures excellent cycling stability under light and exhibits remarkable performance in high-temperature environments up to 80℃.This study experimentally confirms the stable operation of photo-assisted Zn/Sn-air batteries under high-temperature conditions for the first time and provides novel insights into the application of electronically conductive MOFs in photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal catalysis.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Special Fund for Biological Breeding(Grant No.32302534)Jiangsu specially-appointed professor fund(Grant No.337060046)the Yangzhou University Startup Fund(Grant No.137012599).
文摘Horticultural crops are important for global nutrition,health,and economic security but are increasingly challenged by climate change and environmental stresses.The advent of CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-Associated Protein 9)has revolutionized precision breeding by enabling targeted gene modifications that enhance yield,disease resistance,and stress tolerance.This review summarizes recent advancements in the application of CRISPR/Cas9 across fruit,vegetable,and ornamental crops,highlighting key achievements in enhancing crop quality,shelf life,and resilience.It also explores the potential of base and prime editing technologies,which offer greater precision and reduced risk of unintended mutations.Despite these advancements,the practical use of genome editing in horticulture faces persistent challenges,including inefficient delivery systems,off-target effects,and the limited regeneration capacity of many species.Furthermore,regulatory ambiguity,ethical considerations,and public skepticism continue to shape the global acceptance and commercialization of genome-edited crops.Integrating CRISPR-based tools into mainstream horticultural breeding programs offers a pathway for the development of climate-resilient,high-quality crops and for sustainable agricultural development in the face of global challenges.
基金supported by PT.Catur Dakwah Crane Pharmacy,an Indonesian pharmaceutical company.The funding was granted through a mutual agreement between the research team and the company,under the coordination of the National Population and Family Planning Board(BKKBN Indonesia).The funder provided financial support only and had no role in the study design,data collection,analysis,interpretation of data,or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
文摘Objective:To compare the effectiveness,safety,acceptability,and confounding factors of the two-rod levonorgestrel implants between the Indoplant and Sinoplant implant brands.Methods:The study was a double-blind,randomized controlled trial at three different centers in Indonesia.A total of 531 participants that met inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomized into two groups,with 264 participants in the Sinoplant group and 267 participants in the Indoplant group.At each center,participants were divided into two groups for Sinoplant and Indoplant.The participants were followed up for 36 months.Four parameters were evaluated:implant effectiveness,safety,acceptability,and confounding factors.Results:A total of 531 eligible participants were enrolled in this study.Both Sinoplant and Indoplant showed 100%efficacy in preventing pregnancy,with no significant differences in side effects.24.22%of the Sinoplant group and 22.18%of the Indoplant group reported weight changes.8.60%of the Sinoplant group and 9.73%of the Indoplant group reported menstrual changes,and 1.17%of the both groups experienced intermenstrual bleeding.Implant acceptability was 96.61%,with 3.39%dropout rates.Confounding factors such as age,parity,and contraceptive history did not significantly differ between the two groups.Conclusions:Sinoplant and Indoplant did not differ significantly in contraceptive effectiveness,safety,acceptability,and confounding factors.
基金supported by the Shanghai Sailing Program(No.21YF1418500)the Shanghai Chenguang Program(No.21CGA70)+1 种基金the three-year action plan for strengthening the construction of the public health system in Shanghai(No.GWVI-11.2-YQ12)Additionally,we would like to thank the Shanghai Oriental Talents Program-Youth Project(Education Platform)for its support of this study.
文摘Aging is a complex biological process characterized by nine hallmarks,including genomic instability,mitochondrial dysfunction,and chronic inflammation,which collectively drive the progression of age-related chronic non-communicable diseases.Phytonutrients,a class of bioactive secondary metabolites abundant in plants,have emerged as a promising research focus for intervening in the aging process due to their multifaceted biological activities.This review systematically elaborates on the molecular mechanisms,key signaling pathways,specifically SIRT1,Nrf2/ARE,and AMPK/mTOR,and the synergistic anti-aging effects of four typical phytonutrient categories:polyphenols(e.g.,resveratrol,quercetin),carotenoids(e.g.,lycopene,astaxanthin),sulfur compounds(e.g.,α-lipoic acid,ergothioneine),and phytoestrogens(e.g.,soybean isoflavones).The evidence indicates that these compounds combat aging through a multidimensional network involving direct antioxidant actions,free radical scavenging,metal chelation,promotion of autophagy,and modulation of inflammatory and epigenetic pathways.Crucially,the review highlights that synergistic interactions between different phytonutrients can significantly enhance their efficacy beyond the effect of any single compound.The aim is to consolidate the anti-aging evidence of phytonutrients and address the current translational challenges,such as bioavailability and a lack of robust human trials,thereby providing a comprehensive theoretical framework for developing effective,diet-centered strategies to promote healthy aging and reduce the global burden of non-communicable diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12175102)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2022JJ40346)the 2022 Hunan Provincial University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.S202210555144).
文摘Owing to the inherent limitation of the internal pulse ionization chamber within the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor,that is,its inability to discriminate the energy levels of α particles,the ingress of^(220)Rn from the surrounding environment,along with its decay progeny,poses a substantive challenge in accurately determining the^(222)Rn concentration in the measurement outcomes.Among these,the protracted influence primarily stems from the two enduring decay progenies,namely^(212)Pb with a half-life of 10.64 h and^(212)Bi with a half-life of 60.54 min.This study explored the influence of^(220)Rn progeny on the measurement results of an AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor by developing a theoretical calculation model.The response coefficient related to the residual^(220)Rn progeny within the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor was experimentally validated.In addition,this study investigated the effects of temperature and wind speed on the sensitivity of the instrument to^(220)Rn gas.The research findings revealed commendable agreement between the experimentally measured response coefficients of the residual^(220)Rn progeny and the corresponding values derived from the theoretical model.Notably,both the response coefficients of the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor to^(220)Rn gas and its internal residual^(220)Rn progeny increased with elevated temperatures and increased wind speeds,providing a reference for correcting the impact of^(220)Rn and its progeny on the measurement results of^(222)Rn concentration obtained using the AlphaGUARD PQ2000 radon monitor.
基金supported by the Jilin Science and Technology Development Talent Special Project,Nos.20240601086RC,23JQ08(all to ZH)YDZJ202502CXJD077+1 种基金JLARS-2025-0802-09YDZJ202501ZYTS706.
文摘Population aging is one of the common challenges in the current world.As people age,the body’s tissues including cells,and molecules inevitably degrade,and their functions gradually decline,causing various age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s disease,osteoporosis,low immunity,glucose and lipid metabolism disorders,and cardiovascular diseases.With the continuous increase of the elderly population,the pressure on the medical industry is increasing.To lower the burden on the medical industry and increase the average age of the elderly,it is vital to explore effective anti-aging materials.Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma(Renshen),as a traditional and precious Chinese medicinal herb,is known as the“king of all herbs”.It is famous for its effects of“tonifying Qi,restoring pulse”(helping with the generation of Qi(the fundamental,vital energy that continuously flows within the body)and the circulation of blood)and strengthening the body,nourishing the spleen and lungs,generating fluids and nourishing blood,calming the mind and improving intelligence.Recently,its anti-aging effect has received increasing attention from modern scientific research.This study summarizes the pharmacological effects of the main active ingredients of Renshen(ginsenosides,polysaccharides,etc.)on resisting aging,including preventing neuroaging,suppressing skin aging,mitigating ovarian aging,inhibiting osteoporosis and arthritis,enhancing the immune system of the elderly,protecting the cardiovascular system,resisting aging-induced fatigue and exerting the anti-tumor effects.Through network pharmacology and molecular docking,the anti-aging active ingredients of Renshen were screened,and the key targets and pathways of anti-aging active ingredients in Renshen were determined.Using network pharmacology,totally 106 drug targets and 3,479 disease targets were screened,and 79 common targets between aging and Renshen were identified.Three core targets were identified in the PPI network,including TNF,AKT1,and IL-1β.Molecular docking was used to obtain further verification.This study emphasizes the potential of Renshen as a source of anti-aging activity,which can be developed into a novel drug for the treatment of age-related diseases.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFC3206601。
文摘Landslides pose a formidable natural hazard across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),endangering both ecosystems and human life.Identifying the driving factors behind landslides and accurately assessing susceptibility are key to mitigating disaster risk.This study integrated multi-source historical landslide data with 15 predictive factors and used several machine learning models—Random Forest(RF),Gradient Boosting Regression Trees(GBRT),Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),and Categorical Boosting(CatBoost)—to generate susceptibility maps.The Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)method was applied to quantify factor importance and explore their nonlinear effects.The results showed that:(1)CatBoost was the best-performing model(CA=0.938,AUC=0.980)in assessing landslide susceptibility,with altitude emerging as the most significant factor,followed by distance to roads and earthquake sites,precipitation,and slope;(2)the SHAP method revealed critical nonlinear thresholds,demonstrating that historical landslides were concentrated at mid-altitudes(1400-4000 m)and decreased markedly above 4000 m,with a parallel reduction in probability beyond 700 m from roads;and(3)landslide-prone areas,comprising 13%of the QTP,were concentrated in the southeastern and northeastern parts of the plateau.By integrating machine learning and SHAP analysis,this study revealed landslide hazard-prone areas and their driving factors,providing insights to support disaster management strategies and sustainable regional planning.
基金supported by the IITP(Institute for Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation)under the ITRC(Information Technology Research Center)support program(IITP-2025-RS-2024-00438288)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)+1 种基金National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant by the MSIT(Aerospace Semiconductor Strategy Research Project No.GTL25051-000)supported by the IC Design Education Center(IDEC),Korea。
文摘This work presents a systematic analysis of proton-induced total ionizing dose(TID)effects in 1.2 k V silicon carbide(SiC)power devices with various edge termination structures.Three edge terminations including ring-assisted junction termination extension(RA-JTE),multiple floating zone JTE(MFZ-JTE),and field limiting rings(FLR)were fabricated and irradiated with45 Me V protons at fluences ranging from 1×10^(12) to 1×10^(14) cm^(-2).Experimental results,supported by TCAD simulations,show that the RA-JTE structure maintained stable breakdown performance with less than 1%variation due to its effective electric field redistribution by multiple P+rings.In contrast,MFZ-JTE and FLR exhibit breakdown voltage shifts of 6.1%and 15.2%,respectively,under the highest fluence.These results demonstrate the superior radiation tolerance of the RA-JTE structure under TID conditions and provide practical design guidance for radiation-hardened Si C power devices in space and other highradiation environments.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(No.RS-2022-00143178)the Ministry of Education(MOE)(Nos.2022R1A6A3A13053896 and 2022R1F1A1074616),Republic of Korea.
文摘Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based methods,tracking on a single CPU core,or parallelizing the computation across multiple cores via the message passing interface(MPI).Although these approaches work well for single-bunch tracking,scaling them to multiple bunches significantly increases the computational load,which often necessitates the use of a dedicated multi-CPU cluster.To address this challenge,alternative methods leveraging General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units(GPGPU)have been proposed,enabling tracking studies on a standalone desktop personal computer(PC).However,frequent CPU-GPU interactions,including data transfers and synchronization operations during tracking,can introduce communication overheads,potentially reducing the overall effectiveness of GPU-based computations.In this study,we propose a novel approach that eliminates this overhead by performing the entire tracking simulation process exclusively on the GPU,thereby enabling the simultaneous processing of all bunches and their macro-particles.Specifically,we introduce MBTRACK2-CUDA,a Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA)ported version of MBTRACK2,which facilitates efficient tracking of single-and multi-bunch collective effects by leveraging the full GPU-resident computation.
基金supported by the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program(No.XDB0760102),the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2022YFF0802501)the Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Maintenance and Transformation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan-Phospherus Project(No.23YF1426200)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFE0212200).
文摘In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural and anthropogenic effects on marine aerosols optical properties,as well as the applicability of multi-satellite products and IMPROVE equation.The averaged aerosol optical depth(AOD500 nm)was 0.31±0.16 andÅngström exponent440–675 nm was 0.29±0.30.In offshore China,significant anthropogenic emissions affected the marine environment.In remote WPO,dust aerosols transported from northern China,Siberia,Central Asia,and those settling from the upper troposphere originating from north Africa,Arabian peninsula,and western India,were dominant.The spatial trends of AOD were opposite in the mid-latitude and southern seas of WPO.The highest AOD,0.32±0.23,appeared along the coast of South Asia at mid-latitude,decreasing from offshore seas to remote oceans.In low-latitude and equatorial seas,AOD significantly increased from coast to remote oceans.Ångström exponent dropped significantly from the coast to remote oceans as anthropogenic influence diminished across the entire WPO.Correlation analysis showed that both MODIS-C6 and Himawari AOD prod-ucts showed similar applicability in coastal urban areas,while Himawari AOD is highly recommended for coastal background and marine environment due to its finer resolution.The extinction coefficient derived from PM_(2.5) chemical compositions using IMPROVE algorithm exhibited a significant correlation(R^(2)=0.58)with the con-currently measured AOD in the absence of long-distance transport,suggesting that the IMPROVE is a reasonable proxy of the columnar average of marine aerosol extinctions free from transport influences.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos.2024YFA1409800 for J.Z.and2024YFA1408603 for Q.Z.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12125408,12334004for J.Z.,and 12174363 for Q.Z.)+1 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No.2021ZD0303306 for J.Z.)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0450101 for J.Z.)。
文摘Electron–hole(e–h)recombination is a fundamental process that governs energy dissipation and device efficiency in semiconductors.In two-dimensional(2D)materials,the formation of tightly bound excitons makes exciton-mediated e–h recombination the dominant decay pathway.In this work,nonradiative e–h recombination within excitons in monolayer MoS2 is investigated using first-principles simulations that combine nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with𝐺𝑊and real-time Bethe–Salpeter equation(BSE)propagation.A two-step process is identified:rapid intervalley redistribution induced by exchange interaction,followed by slower phonon-assisted recombination facilitated by exciton binding.By selectively removing the screened Coulomb and exchange terms from the BSE Hamiltonian,their respective contributions are disentangled—exchange interaction is found to increase the number of accessible recombination pathways,while binding reduces the excitation energy and enhances nonradiative decay.A reduction in recombination lifetime by over an order of magnitude is observed due to the excitonic many-body effects.These findings provide microscopic insights for understanding and tuning exciton lifetimes in 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides.
文摘This supplemental material contains three sections:(Ⅰ)Derivation of the Floquet lattice Hamiltonian;(Ⅱ)Surface states of the Floquet lattice Hamiltonian;(Ⅲ)Evolution of Floquet Weyl points and Fermi arcs with the increase of light amplitude;(Ⅳ)Formalism for light-induced anomalous Hall effects.
基金supported by the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(Grant Nos.202401AU070163 and 202501AT070298)the Yunnan Engineering Research Center Innovation Ability Construction and Enhancement Projects(Grant No.2023-XMDJ-00617107)+5 种基金the University Service Key Industry Project of Yunnan Province(Grant No.FWCY-ZD2024005)the Expert Workstation Support Project of Yunnan Province(Grant No.202405AF140069)the Scientific Research Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Grant No.20220122)the Analysis and Test Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Grant No.2023T20220122)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(Grant No.2025QN02057)the Ordos City Strategic Pioneering Science and Technology Special Program for New Energy(Grant No.DC2400003365).
文摘Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have been regarded as one of the most promising alternatives in the post-lithium battery era due to their high energy density,which meets the needs of light-weight electronic devices and long-range electric vehicles.However,technical barriers such as dendrite growth and poor Li plating/stripping reversibility severely hinder the practical application of LMBs.However,lithium nitrate(LiNO_(3))is found to be able to stabilize the Li/electrolyte interface and has been used to address the above challenges.To date,considerable research efforts have been devoted toward understanding the roles of LiNO_(3) in regulating the surface properties of Li anodes and toward the development of many effective strategies.These research efforts are partially mentioned in some articles on LMBs and yet have not been reviewed systematically.To fill this gap,we discuss the recent advances in fundamental and technological research on LiNO_(3) and its derivatives for improving the performances of LMBs,particularly for Li-sulfur(S),Li-oxygen(O),and Li-Li-containing transition-metal oxide(LTMO)batteries,as well as LiNO_(3)-containing recipes for precursors in battery materials and interphase fabrication.This review pays attention to the effects of LiNO_(3) in lithium-based batteries,aiming to provide scientific guidance for the optimization of electrode/electrolyte interfaces and enrich the design of advanced LMBs.
基金supported by the grants from University of Macao,China,Nos.MYRG2022-00221-ICMS(to YZ)and MYRG-CRG2022-00011-ICMS(to RW)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2023A1515010034(to YZ)。
文摘Ischemic stroke is a secondary cause of mortality worldwide,imposing considerable medical and economic burdens on society.Extracellular vesicles,serving as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery,exhibit excellent biocompatibility in vivo and have significant advantages in the management of ischemic stroke.However,the uncertain distribution and rapid clearance of extracellular vesicles impede their delivery efficiency.By utilizing membrane decoration or by encapsulating therapeutic cargo within extracellular vesicles,their delivery efficacy may be greatly improved.Furthermore,previous studies have indicated that microvesicles,a subset of large-sized extracellular vesicles,can transport mitochondria to neighboring cells,thereby aiding in the restoration of mitochondrial function post-ischemic stroke.Small extracellular vesicles have also demonstrated the capability to transfer mitochondrial components,such as proteins or deoxyribonucleic acid,or their sub-components,for extracellular vesicle-based ischemic stroke therapy.In this review,we undertake a comparative analysis of the isolation techniques employed for extracellular vesicles and present an overview of the current dominant extracellular vesicle modification methodologies.Given the complex facets of treating ischemic stroke,we also delineate various extracellular vesicle modification approaches which are suited to different facets of the treatment process.Moreover,given the burgeoning interest in mitochondrial delivery,we delved into the feasibility and existing research findings on the transportation of mitochondrial fractions or intact mitochondria through small extracellular vesicles and microvesicles to offer a fresh perspective on ischemic stroke therapy.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.U2239252National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52279128Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China under Grant No.YQ2022E013。
文摘Dispatched by the Chinese government,a multidisciplinary team of 30 researchers collaborated with a team from Myanmar to conduct a 14-day on-site investigation.The work encompassed seismic intensity assessments,field surveys,and loss evaluations.The paper focuses on the intensity distribution and structural damage characteristics of the 2025 M7.9 Myanmar earthquake,yielding the following key findings.(1)The seismogenic fault rupture propagated in a nearly N-S direction,with a surface rupture length of approximately 450 km.The seismic impact zone exhibited an elongated N-S distribution and a shorter E-W span,distributed like a belt around the seismogenic fault.(2)Within the seismic impact zones,existing buildings comprised five primary structural types,with timber(bamboo)structures constituting the largest proportion(≈80%in rural areas,≈50%in urban areas).The relatively low disaster losses and casualties were primarily attributable to the good seismic performance and low damage ratio of timber(bamboo)structures across varying intensity zones.(3)An anomalous zone of intensityⅨwas located at the boundary between intensityⅥandⅦregions in Nay Pyi Taw.Here,ridge topography combined with soft soil layers significantly amplified ground motion,exacerbating structural damage.(4)Directional effects of ground motion were observed,with the structural damage phenomena and peak ground acceleration(PGA)values in the N-S direction exceeding those in the E-W direction.This validates that the maximum PGA distribution of strike-slip fault earthquakes aligns with the fault strike.The research is expected to provide technical support for post-disaster reconstruction planning,site selection,and disaster mitigation strategies in Myanmar.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41473068)supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M722667)。
文摘Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P fractions is potentially an adaptive strategy for plants to cope with soil N(P)availability and nutrient-limiting conditions.However,the impact of the interactions between imbalanced anthropogenic N and P inputs on the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions in forest woody plants remains elusive.We conducted a metaanalysis of data about the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions,specifically associated with individual and combined additions of N and P in evergreen forests,the dominant vegetation type in southern China where the primary productivity is usually considered limited by P.This assessment allowed us to quantitatively evaluate the effects of N and P additions alone and interactively on leaf P allocation and use strategies.Nitrogen addition(exacerbating P limitation)reduced the concentrations of leaf total P and different leaf P fractions.Nitrogen addition reduced the allocation to leaf metabolic P but increased the allocation to other fractions,while P addition showed opposite trends.The simultaneous additions of N and P showed an antagonistic(mutual suppression)effect on the concentrations of leaf P fractions,but an additive(summary)effect on the allocation proportions of leaf P fractions.These results highlight the importance of strategies of leaf P fraction allocation in forest plants under changes in environmental nutrient availability.Importantly,our study identified critical interactions associated with combined N and P inputs that affect leaf P fractions,thus aiding in predicting plant acclimation strategies in the context of intensifying and imbalanced anthropogenic nutrient inputs.
基金Project(51378510) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘In existing studies, most slope stability analyses concentrate on conditions with constant temperature, assuming the slope is intact, and employ the Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) failure criterion for saturated soil to characterize the strength of the backfill. However, the actual working temperature of slopes varies, and natural phenomena such as rainfall and groundwater infiltration commonly result in unsaturated soil conditions, with cracks typically present in cohesive slopes. This study introduces a novel approach for assessing the stability of unsaturated soil stepped slopes under varying temperatures, incorporating the effects of open and vertical cracks. Utilizing the kinematic approach and gravity increase method, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) rotational wedge failure mechanism to simulate slope collapse, enhancing the traditional two-dimensional analyses. We integrated temperature-dependent functions and nonlinear shear strength equations to evaluate the impact of temperature on four typical unsaturated soil types. A particle swarm optimization algorithm was employed to calculate the safety factor, ensuring our method’s accuracy by comparing it with existing studies. The results indicate that considering 3D effects yields a higher safety factor, while cracks reduce slope stability. Each unsaturated soil exhibits a distinctive temperature response curve, highlighting the importance of understanding soil types in the design phase.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82072537the General Project of Hunan Natural Science Foundation,No.2022JJ30412 and No.2021JJ30464.
文摘Exosomes(Exos)are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells and serve as crucial mediators of intercellular communication.They play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases and offer promising avenues for therapeutic interventions.Exos derived from mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have significant immunomodulatory properties.They effectively regulate immune responses by modulating both innate and adaptive immunity.These Exos can inhibit excessive inflammatory responses and promote tissue repair.Moreover,they participate in antigen presentation,which is essential for activating immune responses.The cargo of these Exos,including ligands,proteins,and microRNAs,can suppress T cell activity or enhance the population of immunosuppressive cells to dampen the immune response.By inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation,acting on macrophages,and increasing the population of regulatory T cells,these Exos contribute to maintaining immune and metabolic homeostasis.Furthermore,they can activate immune-related signaling pathways or serve as vehicles to deliver microRNAs and other bioactive substances to target tumor cells,which holds potential for immunotherapy applications.Given the immense therapeutic potential of MSC-derived Exos,this review comprehensively explores their mechanisms of immune regulation and therapeutic applications in areas such as infection control,tumor suppression,and autoimmune disease management.This article aims to provide valuable insights into the mechanisms behind the actions of MSC-derived Exos,offering theoretical references for their future clinical utilization as cell-free drug preparations.
基金supported by the Key Technologies Research and Development Program(No.2022YFB3504102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22035009,22002050,and 22202087)+2 种基金the National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology(No.NELMS2020B01)Fuyang Normal University Open Fund(No.FSKFKT006D)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Nos.2022T150765 and 2020M683154).
文摘Nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))from diesel engine exhaust,is one of the major sources of environmental pollution.Currently,selective catalytic reduction with ammonia(NH_(3)-SCR)is considered to be the most effective protocol for reducing NO_(x)emissions.Nowadays,zeolitebased NH_(3)-SCR catalysts have been industrialized and widespread used in this field.Nevertheless,with the increasingly stringent environmental regulations and implementation of the requirement of“zero emission”of diesel engine exhaust,it is extremely urgent to prepare catalysts with superior NH_(3)-SCR activity and exceptional resistance to poisons(SO2,alkali metals,hydrocarbons,etc.).Core-shell structure zeolite-based catalysts(CSCs)have shown great promise in NH_(3)-SCR of NO_(x)in recent years by virtue of its relatively higher low-temperature activity,broader operation temperature window and outstanding resistance to poisons.This review mainly focuses on the recent progress of CSCs for NH_(3)-SCR of NO_(x)with three extensively investigated SSZ-13,ZSM-5,Beta zeolites as cores.The reaction mechanisms of resistance to sulfur poisoning,alkali metal poisoning,hydrocarbon poisoning,and hydrothermal aging are summarized.Moreover,the important role of interfacial effect between core and shell in the reaction of NH_(3)-SCR was clarified.Finally,the future development and application outlook of CSCs are prospected.
