To evaluate the effectiveness of weapon systems, the advantages and disadvantages of grey relational analysis and TOPSIS for multiattribute decision-making is pointed out, and an effectiveness evaluation model of weap...To evaluate the effectiveness of weapon systems, the advantages and disadvantages of grey relational analysis and TOPSIS for multiattribute decision-making is pointed out, and an effectiveness evaluation model of weapon systems by combining grey relational analysis and TOPSIS is proposed. The model aggregates the grey relational grade and the distance to a new integrated closeness and reflects not only the trend but also the situation of the alternative. The example illuminates that the model is effective for the effectiveness evaluation of weapon systems.展开更多
Equipment systems-of-systems （SOS） effectiveness evaluation can provide important reference for construction and optimization of the equipment SoS. After discussing the basic theory and methods of parallel experimen...Equipment systems-of-systems （SOS） effectiveness evaluation can provide important reference for construction and optimization of the equipment SoS. After discussing the basic theory and methods of parallel experiments, we depict an SoS effectiveness analysis and evaluation method using parallel expe- riments theory in detail. A case study is carried out which takes the missile defense system as an example. An artificial system of the missile defense system is constructed with the multi-agent modeling method. Then, single factor, multiple factors and defense position deployment computational experiments are carried out and evaluated with the statistical analysis method. Experiment re- sults show that the altitude of the secondary interception missile is not the key factor which affects SoS effectiveness and putting the defense position ahead will increase defense effectiveness. The case study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed method.展开更多
The laser weapons will play a special role in the future high-tech war.To study the impact of airborne laser weapon on the System-of-System(SoS)effectiveness in cooperative com-bat,this paper proposes an indicator con...The laser weapons will play a special role in the future high-tech war.To study the impact of airborne laser weapon on the System-of-System(SoS)effectiveness in cooperative com-bat,this paper proposes an indicator construction method based on the combination of the weapon capability indicator system and the combat simulation.The indicator system of capability is divided into 4 layers by the bottom-to-up generation mechanism of indicators.It can describe the logical relationship between the indicator layers from a qualitative perspective.Together with the 4 layers capability indicator system,a hierarchical framework of airborne laser weapon is established by the agent-based modeling and simulation.Impact analyses show that the SoS effectiveness improves with the increase of the laser weapon output power,the laser launcher diameter,and the photoelectric sensor pixel.But the SoS effectiveness promotion brought by the photoelectric sensor pixel is limited.The results can be used for the development of tactical airborne laser weapon.展开更多
Background:Heat stroke(HS)is a serious,life-threatening disease.However,there is no scoring system for HS so far.This research is to establish a scoring system that can quantitatively assess the severity of exertional...Background:Heat stroke(HS)is a serious,life-threatening disease.However,there is no scoring system for HS so far.This research is to establish a scoring system that can quantitatively assess the severity of exertional heat stroke(EHS).Methods:Data were collected from a total of 170 exertional heat stroke(EHS)patients between 2005 and 2016 from 52 hospitals in China.Univariate statistical methods and comparison of the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)were used to screen exertional heat stroke score(EHSS)parameters,including but not limited body temperature(T),Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)and others.By comparing the sizes of the AUCs of the APACHE II,SOFA and EHSS assessments,the effectiveness of EHSS in evaluating the prognosis of EHS patients was verified.Results:Through screening with a series of methods,as described above,the present study determined 12 parameters–body temperature(T),GCS,p H,lactate(Lac),platelet count(PLT),prothrombin time(PT),fibrinogen(Fib),troponin I(Tn I),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total bilirubin(TBIL),creatinine(Cr)and acute gastrointestinal injury(AGI)classification–as EHSS parameters.It is a 0–47 point system designed to reflect increasing severity of heat stroke.Low(EHSS<20)and high scores(EHSS>35)showed 100%survival and 100%mortality,respectively.We found that AUCEHSS>AUCSOFA>AUCAPACHE II.Conclusions:A total of 12 parameters–T,GCS,p H,Lac,PLT,PT,Fib,Tn I,AST,TBIL,Cr and gastrointestinal AGI classification–are the EHSS parameters with the best effectiveness in evaluating the prognosis of EHS patients.As EHSS score increases,the mortality rate of EHS patients gradually increases.展开更多
As one of the most important part of weapon system of systems(WSoS),quantitative evaluation of reconnaissance satellite system(RSS)is indispensable during its construction and application.Aiming at the problem of nonl...As one of the most important part of weapon system of systems(WSoS),quantitative evaluation of reconnaissance satellite system(RSS)is indispensable during its construction and application.Aiming at the problem of nonlinear effectiveness evaluation under small sample conditions,we propose an evaluation method based on support vector regression(SVR)to effectively address the defects of traditional methods.Considering the performance of SVR is influenced by the penalty factor,kernel type,and other parameters deeply,the improved grey wolf optimizer(IGWO)is employed for parameter optimization.In the proposed IGWO algorithm,the opposition-based learning strategy is adopted to increase the probability of avoiding the local optima,the mutation operator is used to escape from premature convergence and differential convergence factors are applied to increase the rate of convergence.Numerical experiments of 14 test functions validate the applicability of IGWO algorithm dealing with global optimization.The index system and evaluation method are constructed based on the characteristics of RSS.To validate the proposed IGWO-SVR evaluation method,eight benchmark data sets and combat simulation are employed to estimate the evaluation accuracy,convergence performance and computational complexity.According to the experimental results,the proposed method outperforms several prediction based evaluation methods,verifies the superiority and effectiveness in RSS operational effectiveness evaluation.展开更多
The early involvement of test and evaluation can significantly reduce the cost of modifying issues and errors found in the later stages of aircraft development and design process.This paper presents a methodology for ...The early involvement of test and evaluation can significantly reduce the cost of modifying issues and errors found in the later stages of aircraft development and design process.This paper presents a methodology for aircraft mission effectiveness evaluation and design space exploration based on Virtual Operational Test(VOT),incorporating Virtual Open Scenario(VOS)and User in Scenarios(UIS)concepts.By employing modeling and simulation technologies in the early stages of aircraft development and design,a virtual environment can be constructed,allowing aircraft users to participate more closely and conveniently in the design process.Virtual tests conducted by users within the mission context provide data on mission effectiveness and critical user feedback.This paper outlines the main components of the virtual operational test process and related conceptual methods,and discusses an open support system framework that supports VOT.The effectiveness and adaptability of the method are demonstrated through two case studies:a beyond-visual-range air combat scenario and a helicopter ground attack scenario.These case studies demonstrate the evaluation of aircraft mission effectiveness and the sensitivity analysis and optimization of design and operational parameters based on VOT.展开更多
To overcome the limitations of conventional approaches that adopt monolithic architectures and overlook critical dynamic interactions in evaluating combat effectiveness and subsystem contributions within amphibious op...To overcome the limitations of conventional approaches that adopt monolithic architectures and overlook critical dynamic interactions in evaluating combat effectiveness and subsystem contributions within amphibious operations,this paper proposes an integrated framework combining complex system network modeling with dynamic adversarial simulation for evaluating mission-critical system-of-systems(SoS).Specifically,the contribution rate of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)to the amphibious joint landing SoS(AJLSoS)is quantified.Firstly,a standardized network topology model is developed using operation loop theory,systematically characterizing node functionalities and their interdependencies.Secondly,the ideal Lanchester equation is augmented according to the model’s static operational capability,and an amphibious operational simulation model is constructed based on the modified equation,enabling dynamic simulation of force attrition and engagement duration as key performance indicators of AJLSoS.To validate the theoretical framework,a battalion-level amphibious campaign scenario is developed to compute effectiveness metrics across multiple control scenarios and the contribution rate of UAVs to AJLSoS is analyzed.This study not only provides actionable insights for operational mission planning of UAVs in the context of amphibious operations but also demonstrates high adaptability to diverse operational contexts.展开更多
Mine water pollution caused by improper discharge of industrial wastewater,waste liquid and waste residue into minedout areas is a new form of pollution occurred in China in recent years.This kind of pollution is buri...Mine water pollution caused by improper discharge of industrial wastewater,waste liquid and waste residue into minedout areas is a new form of pollution occurred in China in recent years.This kind of pollution is buried deeply,and it is difficult to control,dispose and repair.Deep contaminated mine water from abandoned mining areas may even enter the ocean,posing a great threat to marine ecosystems.In this study,using a water pollution incident occurred in a coal field at a depth of 80 m in Shandong Province,China,in 2015,as an example,the methods of engineering block disposal and groundwater remediation are reported,and the remediation effects are tested and evaluated by in-situ chemical detection and geophysical surveys.The test results showed that engineering blocking measures such as cut-off walls can obviously block the DNAPL diffusion process in mine water,but the blocking effect on organic pollutants dissolved in water was limited.It can slow down the diffusion process of organic gas.The presence of mining tunnels and mined-out areas in the contaminated zone enhances the diffusion speed of various pollutants,especially during the remediation process when pollutants rapidly spread throughout the entire contaminated area.Groundwater circulation extraction and oxidation methods have a significant degradation effect on pollutants like dichloromethane,but they may generate a large amount of secondary gaseous pollutants.These gaseous pollutants may migrate to the shallow subsurface through structures such as faults,leading to secondary subsurface contamination.When designing remediation plans,it is crucial to strike a balance between blocking and guiding in the context of both blocking and restoration projects for achieving effective remediation.展开更多
Objective To explore the effectiveness and value of constructing a whole-course management scheme for prostate cancer patients based on internet plus model.Methods Based on the principles of scientificity,practicabili...Objective To explore the effectiveness and value of constructing a whole-course management scheme for prostate cancer patients based on internet plus model.Methods Based on the principles of scientificity,practicability and humanization,the whole process management scheme was constructed,which included the patient end,the medical care end and the management end,with specific modules such as patient information management and health education.Before and after comparative study and case-control study were used to evaluate the effect of the scheme,and an evaluation index system was established from the aspects of patients'health status,treatment compliance,utilization efficiency of medical resources and patient satisfaction.Data were collected through questionnaire survey,medical record review and systematic data analysis.Results After the implementation of the program,the level of prostate specific antigen decreased significantly,the quality of life score improved,the implementation rate of treatment plan and the rate of taking drugs on time increased,the hospitalization time shortened,the repetition rate of examinations decreased,and the overall satisfaction of patients improved.However,factors such as patients'age,education level,economic status and Internet use ability will affect the effect of the scheme,and corresponding improvement measures are put forward in view of these factors.Conclusion The whole-course management scheme of prostate cancer patients based on internet plus model is scientific and effective,which can significantly improve patients'health status and treatment effect,and optimize the utilization of medical resources.However,it is necessary to pay attention to the influencing factors and make continuous improvement to better serve prostate cancer patients.展开更多
Future Airspace Window Shooting is a newly developed technology, which needs effectiveness evaluation before widely used. Future airspace window shooting technology, simulation system development principles and softwa...Future Airspace Window Shooting is a newly developed technology, which needs effectiveness evaluation before widely used. Future airspace window shooting technology, simulation system development principles and software chosen to develop the simulation system are introduced in the first. And then the overall design of the system, realization of the system and effectiveness evaluation through simulation are discussed in detail. Through the simulation, it is known that the FAW shooting has more superior performance when facing maneuvering targets.展开更多
The so-called enterprise internal control work is in the daily operation of the enterprise in such a process, by the inside and outside the use of the relevant legal means and rules and regulations of the enterprise i...The so-called enterprise internal control work is in the daily operation of the enterprise in such a process, by the inside and outside the use of the relevant legal means and rules and regulations of the enterprise internal self-restraint and control of such a process. The evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control is also in the daily operation of the enterprise, the special supervision and management of the enterprise uses the effect of self-management. Of course, an excellent enterprise must have a certain sense of internal control to make the corresponding internal control evaluation system constructed successfully. And only with a standardized evaluation system can enterprises can run and develop with higher quality and long-term time. This paper analyzes the construction mode of the internal control effectiveness evaluation system, and provides a certain scientific reference and theoretical basis for the construction of the effectiveness evaluation system of the internal control work.展开更多
Based on statistic data of agricultural production and meteorological disasters in Liaoning Province from 1971 to 2008,the effect weight,disaster rate and variance value of main agro-meteorological disasters including...Based on statistic data of agricultural production and meteorological disasters in Liaoning Province from 1971 to 2008,the effect weight,disaster rate and variance value of main agro-meteorological disasters including drought,flood,wind,hail and frozen injury were calculated,and the variation characteristic of time series of agro-meteorological disasters was further analyzed,while the grade division and comprehensive evaluation of agro-meteorological disasters were carried out in our paper.The results showed that there was a negative correlation between grain yield and the degree of agro-meteorological disasters,and agro-meteorological disasters were relatively serious in 1989,1997 and 2000,with the reduction of grain yield.Meanwhile,the occurrence frequency of light disasters was highest,accounting for 39% of total years,and the adverse effect of agro-meteorological disasters on agricultural production became more and more severe decade by decade;the effect weight of drought reached 63%,so drought was the main agro-meteorological disaster influencing agricultural production.展开更多
Helicopters are playing an increasingly important part in emergency relief, such as earthquake rescue, firefighting and medical transport. With the development of virtual simulation technology, virtual simulation-base...Helicopters are playing an increasingly important part in emergency relief, such as earthquake rescue, firefighting and medical transport. With the development of virtual simulation technology, virtual simulation-based training is widely used in the training of the helicopter crew especially for the dangerous and costly missions mentioned above. A complete training effectiveness evaluation method is proposed to evaluate the trainees＇ training effect based on virtual simulation in this paper. A key to this method is regarding the complicated process as a discrete event-activity flow system and establishing the evaluation indicator system. Then expert group and Analytical Network Process（ANP） are applied to determine the weight of indicators. When the training data are processed, there is a novel attempt to apply Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation（FCE） model to calculate the two categories of indicators. Eventually, an experiment and the analysis were carried out to validate the evaluation method.展开更多
The application of helicopter emergency rescue is becoming increasingly widespread,but the flight crew training in this area is still difficult due to high cost and risk.Nevertheless,with the development of Virtual Re...The application of helicopter emergency rescue is becoming increasingly widespread,but the flight crew training in this area is still difficult due to high cost and risk.Nevertheless,with the development of Virtual Reality(VR)technology,virtual simulation has become a significant role in crew training of helicopter rescue.During the implementation of VR-based training,how to transform complex real tasks into VR scenarios and how to evaluate the performance of crew are of great importance.To address these issues,a novel VR-based R-E-A-D(Report,Evaluate,Agree,Do)evaluation model for training is proposed,which is suitable for complex missions with multiple tasks,multiple scenarios,and multiple people.Then,a mapping method of VR scenarios is put forward,which can transform the real tasks into virtual scenarios to serve the virtual simulation training.Finally,an experiment is carried out to verify the feasibility of the evaluation method and virtual scenario mapping method.展开更多
A self-organizing fuzzy clustering neural network by combining the self-organizing Kohonen clustering network with the fuzzy theory is proposed. This network model is designed for the effectiveness evaluation of elect...A self-organizing fuzzy clustering neural network by combining the self-organizing Kohonen clustering network with the fuzzy theory is proposed. This network model is designed for the effectiveness evaluation of electronic countermeasures, which not only exerts the advantages of the fuzzy theory, but also has a good ability in machine learning and data analysis. The subjective value of sample versus class is computed by the fuzzy computing theory, and the classified results obtained by self-organizing learning of Kohonen neural network are represented on output layer. Meanwhile, the fuzzy competition learning algorithm keeps the similar information between samples and overcomes the disadvantages of neural network which has fewer samples. The simulation result indicates that the proposed algorithm is feasible and effective.展开更多
Global urbanization is exerting severe stress and having far-reaching impacts on the eco-environment, and yet there exists a complex non-linear coupling relationship between the two. Research on the interactive coupli...Global urbanization is exerting severe stress and having far-reaching impacts on the eco-environment, and yet there exists a complex non-linear coupling relationship between the two. Research on the interactive coupling effect between urbanization and the eco-environment will be a popular area of study and frontier in international earth system science and sustainability science in the next 10 years, while also being a high-priority research topic of particular interest to international organizations. This paper systematically collates and summarizes the international progress made in research on interactive coupling theory, coupling relationships, coupling mechanisms, coupling laws, coupling thresholds, coupling models and coupling optimization decision support systems. The research shows that urbanization and eco-environment interactive coupling theories include the Kuznets curve theory, telecoupling theory, planetary boundaries theory, footprint family theory and urban metabolism theory; most research on interactive coupling relationships is concerned with single- element coupling relationships, such as those between urbanization and water, land, atmosphere, climate change, ecosystems and biodiversity; the majority of research on interactive coupling mechanisms and laws focuses on five research paradigms, including coupled human and nature systems, complex social-ecological systems, urban ecosystems, social-economic-natural complex ecosystems, and urbanization development and eco-environment constraint ring; the majority of interactive coupling simulations use STIRPAT models, coupling degree models, multi-agent system models and big data urban computer models; and research has been carried out on urbanization and eco-environment coupling thresholds, coercing risk and optimal decision support systems. An objective evaluation of progress in international research on interactive coupling between urbanization and the eco-environment suggests that there are six main research focal points and six areas lacking research： a lot of research exists on macroscopic coupling effects, with little research on urban agglomeration and scale coupling effects; considerable research exists on sin-gle-dimension coupling effects, with little on multiple-dimension coupling effects; a great deal exists on ＂one-to-one＂ dual- element coupling effects, with little on ＂many-to-many＂ multiple-element coupling effects; a lot exists on positive feedback coupling effects, and little on negative feedback coupling effects; a great deal exists on empirical coupling effects, and little on theoretical coupling effects; a great deal exists on the use of simple quantitative methods, and little on using integrated simulation methods. Future studies should focus on coupling effects between urbanization in urban agglomerations and the eco-environment, spatial scale coupling effects, multi-dimensional coupling effects, telecoupling effects, ＂one-to-many＂ and ＂many-to-many＂ element coupling effects, and positive and negative feedback coupling effects. There is also a need to strengthen the development and application of dynamic models for multi-element,-scale,-scenario,-module and-agent integrated spatiotemporal coupling systems and further improve theoretical innovations in coupling effect research and integrate and form complete and diverse coupling theoretical systems.展开更多
To improve the effect of destroying time-sensitive target （TST）, a method of operational effectiveness evaluation is presented and some influential factors are analyzed based on the combat flow of system for destroy...To improve the effect of destroying time-sensitive target （TST）, a method of operational effectiveness evaluation is presented and some influential factors are analyzed based on the combat flow of system for destroying TST. Considering the possible operation modes of the system, a waved operation mode and a continuous operation mode are put forward at first. At the same time, some relative formulas are modified. In examples, the influential factors and operation modes are analyzed based on the system effectiveness. From simulation results, some design and operation strategies of the system for destroying time sensitive targets are concluded, which benefit to the improvement of the system effectiveness.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients in neurology intensive care units(ICU)are prone to pressure injuries(PU)due to factors such as severe illness,long-term bed rest,and physiological dysfunction.PU not only causes pain and complicati...BACKGROUND Patients in neurology intensive care units(ICU)are prone to pressure injuries(PU)due to factors such as severe illness,long-term bed rest,and physiological dysfunction.PU not only causes pain and complications to patients,but also increases medical burden,prolongs hospitalization time,and affects the recovery process.AIM To evaluate and optimize the effectiveness of pressure injury prevention nursing measures in neurology ICU patients.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted,and 60 patients who were admitted to the ICU of the Department of Neurology were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group according to the order of admission,with 30 people in each group.The observation group implemented pressure injury prevention and nursing measures,while the control group adopted routine care.RESULTS Comparison between observation and control groups following pressure injury prevention nursing intervention revealed significantly lower incidence rates in the observation group compared to the control group at 48 h(8.3%vs 26.7%),7 d(16.7%vs 43.3%),and 14 d(20.0%vs 50.0%).This suggests a substantial reduction in pressure injury incidence in the observation group,with the gap widening over time.Additionally,patients in the observation group exhibited quicker recovery,with a shorter average time to get out of bed(48 h vs 72 h)and a shorter average length of stay(12 d vs 15 d)compared to the control group.Furthermore,post-intervention,patients in the observation group reported significantly improved quality of life scores,including higher scores in body satisfaction,feeling and function,and comfort(both psychological and physiological),indicating enhanced overall well-being and comfort following the implementation of pressure injury prevention nursing measures.CONCLUSION Implementing pressure injury preventive care measures for neurology ICU patients will have better results.展开更多
Targeted genome modifications with the Cas9/gRNA system derived from the clustered regularly interspaced short palin- dromic repeat/CRISPR-associated （CRISPR/Cas） system have been successfully used in cultured human...Targeted genome modifications with the Cas9/gRNA system derived from the clustered regularly interspaced short palin- dromic repeat/CRISPR-associated （CRISPR/Cas） system have been successfully used in cultured human cells as well as in most model organisms, including zebrafish （Danio rerio）, mouse, and fruit fly （Chang et al., 2013; Cong et al., 2013; Gratz et al., 2013; Hwang et al., 2013; Jao et al., 2013; Shen et al., 2013; Wei et al., 2013）. Its application in zebrafish is particu- larly attractive due to the ease of handling this organism and the simple application of this method by direct injection of Cas9/ gRNA. However, the information about its specificity in this organism is very limited and needs further evaluation. In addition, it is conceivable that a Cas9 mRNA optimized for zebrafish codon preference could enhance its activity.展开更多
To evaluate the fracturing effect and dynamic change process after volume fracturing with vertical wells in low permeability oil reservoirs, an oil-water two-phase flow model and a well model are built. On this basis,...To evaluate the fracturing effect and dynamic change process after volume fracturing with vertical wells in low permeability oil reservoirs, an oil-water two-phase flow model and a well model are built. On this basis, an evaluation method of fracturing effect based on production data and fracturing fluid backflow data is established, and the method is used to analyze some field cases. The vicinity area of main fracture after fracturing is divided into different stimulated regions. The permeability and area of different regions are used to characterize the stimulation strength and scale of the fracture network. The conductivity of stimulated region is defined as the product of the permeability and area of the stimulated region. Through parameter sensitivity analysis, it is found that half-length of the fracture and the permeability of the core area mainly affect the flow law near the well, that is, the early stage of production;while matrix permeability mainly affects the flow law at the far end of the fracture. Taking a typical old well in Changqing Oilfield as an example, the fracturing effect and its changes after two rounds of volume fracturing in this well are evaluated. It is found that with the increase of production time after the first volume fracturing, the permeability and conductivity of stimulated area gradually decreased, and the fracturing effect gradually decreased until disappeared;after the second volume fracturing, the permeability and conductivity of stimulated area increased significantly again.展开更多
文摘To evaluate the effectiveness of weapon systems, the advantages and disadvantages of grey relational analysis and TOPSIS for multiattribute decision-making is pointed out, and an effectiveness evaluation model of weapon systems by combining grey relational analysis and TOPSIS is proposed. The model aggregates the grey relational grade and the distance to a new integrated closeness and reflects not only the trend but also the situation of the alternative. The example illuminates that the model is effective for the effectiveness evaluation of weapon systems.
文摘Equipment systems-of-systems （SOS） effectiveness evaluation can provide important reference for construction and optimization of the equipment SoS. After discussing the basic theory and methods of parallel experiments, we depict an SoS effectiveness analysis and evaluation method using parallel expe- riments theory in detail. A case study is carried out which takes the missile defense system as an example. An artificial system of the missile defense system is constructed with the multi-agent modeling method. Then, single factor, multiple factors and defense position deployment computational experiments are carried out and evaluated with the statistical analysis method. Experiment re- sults show that the altitude of the secondary interception missile is not the key factor which affects SoS effectiveness and putting the defense position ahead will increase defense effectiveness. The case study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed method.
文摘The laser weapons will play a special role in the future high-tech war.To study the impact of airborne laser weapon on the System-of-System(SoS)effectiveness in cooperative com-bat,this paper proposes an indicator construction method based on the combination of the weapon capability indicator system and the combat simulation.The indicator system of capability is divided into 4 layers by the bottom-to-up generation mechanism of indicators.It can describe the logical relationship between the indicator layers from a qualitative perspective.Together with the 4 layers capability indicator system,a hierarchical framework of airborne laser weapon is established by the agent-based modeling and simulation.Impact analyses show that the SoS effectiveness improves with the increase of the laser weapon output power,the laser launcher diameter,and the photoelectric sensor pixel.But the SoS effectiveness promotion brought by the photoelectric sensor pixel is limited.The results can be used for the development of tactical airborne laser weapon.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81671966)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7182155)+2 种基金the Application Research and Achievement Extension of Clinical Characteristics in Chinese Capital Foundation(Z171100001017160)the Cultivation Program for Military Medical Science and Technology Youth-Growth Project(16QNP139)the Clinical Research Support Foundation of Chinese PLA General Hospital(2015FC-ZHCG-1002)。
文摘Background:Heat stroke(HS)is a serious,life-threatening disease.However,there is no scoring system for HS so far.This research is to establish a scoring system that can quantitatively assess the severity of exertional heat stroke(EHS).Methods:Data were collected from a total of 170 exertional heat stroke(EHS)patients between 2005 and 2016 from 52 hospitals in China.Univariate statistical methods and comparison of the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)were used to screen exertional heat stroke score(EHSS)parameters,including but not limited body temperature(T),Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)and others.By comparing the sizes of the AUCs of the APACHE II,SOFA and EHSS assessments,the effectiveness of EHSS in evaluating the prognosis of EHS patients was verified.Results:Through screening with a series of methods,as described above,the present study determined 12 parameters–body temperature(T),GCS,p H,lactate(Lac),platelet count(PLT),prothrombin time(PT),fibrinogen(Fib),troponin I(Tn I),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total bilirubin(TBIL),creatinine(Cr)and acute gastrointestinal injury(AGI)classification–as EHSS parameters.It is a 0–47 point system designed to reflect increasing severity of heat stroke.Low(EHSS<20)and high scores(EHSS>35)showed 100%survival and 100%mortality,respectively.We found that AUCEHSS>AUCSOFA>AUCAPACHE II.Conclusions:A total of 12 parameters–T,GCS,p H,Lac,PLT,PT,Fib,Tn I,AST,TBIL,Cr and gastrointestinal AGI classification–are the EHSS parameters with the best effectiveness in evaluating the prognosis of EHS patients.As EHSS score increases,the mortality rate of EHS patients gradually increases.
基金the National Defense Science and Technology Key Laboratory Fund of China(XM2020XT1023).
文摘As one of the most important part of weapon system of systems(WSoS),quantitative evaluation of reconnaissance satellite system(RSS)is indispensable during its construction and application.Aiming at the problem of nonlinear effectiveness evaluation under small sample conditions,we propose an evaluation method based on support vector regression(SVR)to effectively address the defects of traditional methods.Considering the performance of SVR is influenced by the penalty factor,kernel type,and other parameters deeply,the improved grey wolf optimizer(IGWO)is employed for parameter optimization.In the proposed IGWO algorithm,the opposition-based learning strategy is adopted to increase the probability of avoiding the local optima,the mutation operator is used to escape from premature convergence and differential convergence factors are applied to increase the rate of convergence.Numerical experiments of 14 test functions validate the applicability of IGWO algorithm dealing with global optimization.The index system and evaluation method are constructed based on the characteristics of RSS.To validate the proposed IGWO-SVR evaluation method,eight benchmark data sets and combat simulation are employed to estimate the evaluation accuracy,convergence performance and computational complexity.According to the experimental results,the proposed method outperforms several prediction based evaluation methods,verifies the superiority and effectiveness in RSS operational effectiveness evaluation.
文摘The early involvement of test and evaluation can significantly reduce the cost of modifying issues and errors found in the later stages of aircraft development and design process.This paper presents a methodology for aircraft mission effectiveness evaluation and design space exploration based on Virtual Operational Test(VOT),incorporating Virtual Open Scenario(VOS)and User in Scenarios(UIS)concepts.By employing modeling and simulation technologies in the early stages of aircraft development and design,a virtual environment can be constructed,allowing aircraft users to participate more closely and conveniently in the design process.Virtual tests conducted by users within the mission context provide data on mission effectiveness and critical user feedback.This paper outlines the main components of the virtual operational test process and related conceptual methods,and discusses an open support system framework that supports VOT.The effectiveness and adaptability of the method are demonstrated through two case studies:a beyond-visual-range air combat scenario and a helicopter ground attack scenario.These case studies demonstrate the evaluation of aircraft mission effectiveness and the sensitivity analysis and optimization of design and operational parameters based on VOT.
文摘To overcome the limitations of conventional approaches that adopt monolithic architectures and overlook critical dynamic interactions in evaluating combat effectiveness and subsystem contributions within amphibious operations,this paper proposes an integrated framework combining complex system network modeling with dynamic adversarial simulation for evaluating mission-critical system-of-systems(SoS).Specifically,the contribution rate of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)to the amphibious joint landing SoS(AJLSoS)is quantified.Firstly,a standardized network topology model is developed using operation loop theory,systematically characterizing node functionalities and their interdependencies.Secondly,the ideal Lanchester equation is augmented according to the model’s static operational capability,and an amphibious operational simulation model is constructed based on the modified equation,enabling dynamic simulation of force attrition and engagement duration as key performance indicators of AJLSoS.To validate the theoretical framework,a battalion-level amphibious campaign scenario is developed to compute effectiveness metrics across multiple control scenarios and the contribution rate of UAVs to AJLSoS is analyzed.This study not only provides actionable insights for operational mission planning of UAVs in the context of amphibious operations but also demonstrates high adaptability to diverse operational contexts.
基金supported by the Polluted Site Remediation Project of Gao Village,Puji Street,Zhangqiu District,Jinan City,Shandong Provincefinancially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42072331,U1906209)the Taishan Scholar Foundation(No.tstp20230626)。
文摘Mine water pollution caused by improper discharge of industrial wastewater,waste liquid and waste residue into minedout areas is a new form of pollution occurred in China in recent years.This kind of pollution is buried deeply,and it is difficult to control,dispose and repair.Deep contaminated mine water from abandoned mining areas may even enter the ocean,posing a great threat to marine ecosystems.In this study,using a water pollution incident occurred in a coal field at a depth of 80 m in Shandong Province,China,in 2015,as an example,the methods of engineering block disposal and groundwater remediation are reported,and the remediation effects are tested and evaluated by in-situ chemical detection and geophysical surveys.The test results showed that engineering blocking measures such as cut-off walls can obviously block the DNAPL diffusion process in mine water,but the blocking effect on organic pollutants dissolved in water was limited.It can slow down the diffusion process of organic gas.The presence of mining tunnels and mined-out areas in the contaminated zone enhances the diffusion speed of various pollutants,especially during the remediation process when pollutants rapidly spread throughout the entire contaminated area.Groundwater circulation extraction and oxidation methods have a significant degradation effect on pollutants like dichloromethane,but they may generate a large amount of secondary gaseous pollutants.These gaseous pollutants may migrate to the shallow subsurface through structures such as faults,leading to secondary subsurface contamination.When designing remediation plans,it is crucial to strike a balance between blocking and guiding in the context of both blocking and restoration projects for achieving effective remediation.
文摘Objective To explore the effectiveness and value of constructing a whole-course management scheme for prostate cancer patients based on internet plus model.Methods Based on the principles of scientificity,practicability and humanization,the whole process management scheme was constructed,which included the patient end,the medical care end and the management end,with specific modules such as patient information management and health education.Before and after comparative study and case-control study were used to evaluate the effect of the scheme,and an evaluation index system was established from the aspects of patients'health status,treatment compliance,utilization efficiency of medical resources and patient satisfaction.Data were collected through questionnaire survey,medical record review and systematic data analysis.Results After the implementation of the program,the level of prostate specific antigen decreased significantly,the quality of life score improved,the implementation rate of treatment plan and the rate of taking drugs on time increased,the hospitalization time shortened,the repetition rate of examinations decreased,and the overall satisfaction of patients improved.However,factors such as patients'age,education level,economic status and Internet use ability will affect the effect of the scheme,and corresponding improvement measures are put forward in view of these factors.Conclusion The whole-course management scheme of prostate cancer patients based on internet plus model is scientific and effective,which can significantly improve patients'health status and treatment effect,and optimize the utilization of medical resources.However,it is necessary to pay attention to the influencing factors and make continuous improvement to better serve prostate cancer patients.
文摘Future Airspace Window Shooting is a newly developed technology, which needs effectiveness evaluation before widely used. Future airspace window shooting technology, simulation system development principles and software chosen to develop the simulation system are introduced in the first. And then the overall design of the system, realization of the system and effectiveness evaluation through simulation are discussed in detail. Through the simulation, it is known that the FAW shooting has more superior performance when facing maneuvering targets.
文摘The so-called enterprise internal control work is in the daily operation of the enterprise in such a process, by the inside and outside the use of the relevant legal means and rules and regulations of the enterprise internal self-restraint and control of such a process. The evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control is also in the daily operation of the enterprise, the special supervision and management of the enterprise uses the effect of self-management. Of course, an excellent enterprise must have a certain sense of internal control to make the corresponding internal control evaluation system constructed successfully. And only with a standardized evaluation system can enterprises can run and develop with higher quality and long-term time. This paper analyzes the construction mode of the internal control effectiveness evaluation system, and provides a certain scientific reference and theoretical basis for the construction of the effectiveness evaluation system of the internal control work.
基金Supported by Scientific and Technological Development Project of Shenyang Regional Climate Center(201015)~~
文摘Based on statistic data of agricultural production and meteorological disasters in Liaoning Province from 1971 to 2008,the effect weight,disaster rate and variance value of main agro-meteorological disasters including drought,flood,wind,hail and frozen injury were calculated,and the variation characteristic of time series of agro-meteorological disasters was further analyzed,while the grade division and comprehensive evaluation of agro-meteorological disasters were carried out in our paper.The results showed that there was a negative correlation between grain yield and the degree of agro-meteorological disasters,and agro-meteorological disasters were relatively serious in 1989,1997 and 2000,with the reduction of grain yield.Meanwhile,the occurrence frequency of light disasters was highest,accounting for 39% of total years,and the adverse effect of agro-meteorological disasters on agricultural production became more and more severe decade by decade;the effect weight of drought reached 63%,so drought was the main agro-meteorological disaster influencing agricultural production.
文摘Helicopters are playing an increasingly important part in emergency relief, such as earthquake rescue, firefighting and medical transport. With the development of virtual simulation technology, virtual simulation-based training is widely used in the training of the helicopter crew especially for the dangerous and costly missions mentioned above. A complete training effectiveness evaluation method is proposed to evaluate the trainees＇ training effect based on virtual simulation in this paper. A key to this method is regarding the complicated process as a discrete event-activity flow system and establishing the evaluation indicator system. Then expert group and Analytical Network Process（ANP） are applied to determine the weight of indicators. When the training data are processed, there is a novel attempt to apply Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation（FCE） model to calculate the two categories of indicators. Eventually, an experiment and the analysis were carried out to validate the evaluation method.
文摘The application of helicopter emergency rescue is becoming increasingly widespread,but the flight crew training in this area is still difficult due to high cost and risk.Nevertheless,with the development of Virtual Reality(VR)technology,virtual simulation has become a significant role in crew training of helicopter rescue.During the implementation of VR-based training,how to transform complex real tasks into VR scenarios and how to evaluate the performance of crew are of great importance.To address these issues,a novel VR-based R-E-A-D(Report,Evaluate,Agree,Do)evaluation model for training is proposed,which is suitable for complex missions with multiple tasks,multiple scenarios,and multiple people.Then,a mapping method of VR scenarios is put forward,which can transform the real tasks into virtual scenarios to serve the virtual simulation training.Finally,an experiment is carried out to verify the feasibility of the evaluation method and virtual scenario mapping method.
文摘A self-organizing fuzzy clustering neural network by combining the self-organizing Kohonen clustering network with the fuzzy theory is proposed. This network model is designed for the effectiveness evaluation of electronic countermeasures, which not only exerts the advantages of the fuzzy theory, but also has a good ability in machine learning and data analysis. The subjective value of sample versus class is computed by the fuzzy computing theory, and the classified results obtained by self-organizing learning of Kohonen neural network are represented on output layer. Meanwhile, the fuzzy competition learning algorithm keeps the similar information between samples and overcomes the disadvantages of neural network which has fewer samples. The simulation result indicates that the proposed algorithm is feasible and effective.
基金Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41590840,No.41590842
文摘Global urbanization is exerting severe stress and having far-reaching impacts on the eco-environment, and yet there exists a complex non-linear coupling relationship between the two. Research on the interactive coupling effect between urbanization and the eco-environment will be a popular area of study and frontier in international earth system science and sustainability science in the next 10 years, while also being a high-priority research topic of particular interest to international organizations. This paper systematically collates and summarizes the international progress made in research on interactive coupling theory, coupling relationships, coupling mechanisms, coupling laws, coupling thresholds, coupling models and coupling optimization decision support systems. The research shows that urbanization and eco-environment interactive coupling theories include the Kuznets curve theory, telecoupling theory, planetary boundaries theory, footprint family theory and urban metabolism theory; most research on interactive coupling relationships is concerned with single- element coupling relationships, such as those between urbanization and water, land, atmosphere, climate change, ecosystems and biodiversity; the majority of research on interactive coupling mechanisms and laws focuses on five research paradigms, including coupled human and nature systems, complex social-ecological systems, urban ecosystems, social-economic-natural complex ecosystems, and urbanization development and eco-environment constraint ring; the majority of interactive coupling simulations use STIRPAT models, coupling degree models, multi-agent system models and big data urban computer models; and research has been carried out on urbanization and eco-environment coupling thresholds, coercing risk and optimal decision support systems. An objective evaluation of progress in international research on interactive coupling between urbanization and the eco-environment suggests that there are six main research focal points and six areas lacking research： a lot of research exists on macroscopic coupling effects, with little research on urban agglomeration and scale coupling effects; considerable research exists on sin-gle-dimension coupling effects, with little on multiple-dimension coupling effects; a great deal exists on ＂one-to-one＂ dual- element coupling effects, with little on ＂many-to-many＂ multiple-element coupling effects; a lot exists on positive feedback coupling effects, and little on negative feedback coupling effects; a great deal exists on empirical coupling effects, and little on theoretical coupling effects; a great deal exists on the use of simple quantitative methods, and little on using integrated simulation methods. Future studies should focus on coupling effects between urbanization in urban agglomerations and the eco-environment, spatial scale coupling effects, multi-dimensional coupling effects, telecoupling effects, ＂one-to-many＂ and ＂many-to-many＂ element coupling effects, and positive and negative feedback coupling effects. There is also a need to strengthen the development and application of dynamic models for multi-element,-scale,-scenario,-module and-agent integrated spatiotemporal coupling systems and further improve theoretical innovations in coupling effect research and integrate and form complete and diverse coupling theoretical systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60774064)the Aerospace Science Foundation (05D53022)the Youth for NPU Teachers Scientific and Technological Innovation Foundation (W016210)
文摘To improve the effect of destroying time-sensitive target （TST）, a method of operational effectiveness evaluation is presented and some influential factors are analyzed based on the combat flow of system for destroying TST. Considering the possible operation modes of the system, a waved operation mode and a continuous operation mode are put forward at first. At the same time, some relative formulas are modified. In examples, the influential factors and operation modes are analyzed based on the system effectiveness. From simulation results, some design and operation strategies of the system for destroying time sensitive targets are concluded, which benefit to the improvement of the system effectiveness.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients in neurology intensive care units(ICU)are prone to pressure injuries(PU)due to factors such as severe illness,long-term bed rest,and physiological dysfunction.PU not only causes pain and complications to patients,but also increases medical burden,prolongs hospitalization time,and affects the recovery process.AIM To evaluate and optimize the effectiveness of pressure injury prevention nursing measures in neurology ICU patients.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted,and 60 patients who were admitted to the ICU of the Department of Neurology were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group according to the order of admission,with 30 people in each group.The observation group implemented pressure injury prevention and nursing measures,while the control group adopted routine care.RESULTS Comparison between observation and control groups following pressure injury prevention nursing intervention revealed significantly lower incidence rates in the observation group compared to the control group at 48 h(8.3%vs 26.7%),7 d(16.7%vs 43.3%),and 14 d(20.0%vs 50.0%).This suggests a substantial reduction in pressure injury incidence in the observation group,with the gap widening over time.Additionally,patients in the observation group exhibited quicker recovery,with a shorter average time to get out of bed(48 h vs 72 h)and a shorter average length of stay(12 d vs 15 d)compared to the control group.Furthermore,post-intervention,patients in the observation group reported significantly improved quality of life scores,including higher scores in body satisfaction,feeling and function,and comfort(both psychological and physiological),indicating enhanced overall well-being and comfort following the implementation of pressure injury prevention nursing measures.CONCLUSION Implementing pressure injury preventive care measures for neurology ICU patients will have better results.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31110103904)the National Program on Key Basic Research Project (973 Program) of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Nos. 2011CBA01000 and 2012CB945101)
文摘Targeted genome modifications with the Cas9/gRNA system derived from the clustered regularly interspaced short palin- dromic repeat/CRISPR-associated （CRISPR/Cas） system have been successfully used in cultured human cells as well as in most model organisms, including zebrafish （Danio rerio）, mouse, and fruit fly （Chang et al., 2013; Cong et al., 2013; Gratz et al., 2013; Hwang et al., 2013; Jao et al., 2013; Shen et al., 2013; Wei et al., 2013）. Its application in zebrafish is particu- larly attractive due to the ease of handling this organism and the simple application of this method by direct injection of Cas9/ gRNA. However, the information about its specificity in this organism is very limited and needs further evaluation. In addition, it is conceivable that a Cas9 mRNA optimized for zebrafish codon preference could enhance its activity.
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project (2017ZX05013-001)CNPC Science and Technology Major Research Project (2018B-4907)
文摘To evaluate the fracturing effect and dynamic change process after volume fracturing with vertical wells in low permeability oil reservoirs, an oil-water two-phase flow model and a well model are built. On this basis, an evaluation method of fracturing effect based on production data and fracturing fluid backflow data is established, and the method is used to analyze some field cases. The vicinity area of main fracture after fracturing is divided into different stimulated regions. The permeability and area of different regions are used to characterize the stimulation strength and scale of the fracture network. The conductivity of stimulated region is defined as the product of the permeability and area of the stimulated region. Through parameter sensitivity analysis, it is found that half-length of the fracture and the permeability of the core area mainly affect the flow law near the well, that is, the early stage of production;while matrix permeability mainly affects the flow law at the far end of the fracture. Taking a typical old well in Changqing Oilfield as an example, the fracturing effect and its changes after two rounds of volume fracturing in this well are evaluated. It is found that with the increase of production time after the first volume fracturing, the permeability and conductivity of stimulated area gradually decreased, and the fracturing effect gradually decreased until disappeared;after the second volume fracturing, the permeability and conductivity of stimulated area increased significantly again.
