The magnetic proximity effect enables interfacial modulation of excitonic and spin-valley properties in transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),offering a versatile route toward next-generation spintronic and valleytro...The magnetic proximity effect enables interfacial modulation of excitonic and spin-valley properties in transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),offering a versatile route toward next-generation spintronic and valleytronic devices.However,the inherently weak photoluminescence(PL)of bright excitons—suppressed by proximity-induced darkening mechanisms—hinders the optical detection of magnetic interactions.Here,we demonstrate substantial exciton emission enhancement in CrOCl/WSe_(2)(HS)and twisted 90°-CrOCl/CrOCl/WSe_(2)(THS)heterostructures by employing plasmonic Au nanopillar arrays to activate surface plasmon polariton(SPP)coupling.The neutral exciton emission intensity is enhanced by factors of 5 and 18 for HS/Au and THS/Au,respectively,with enhancements persisting under high magnetic fields and elevated temperatures(~10-fold in THS/Au).Enabled by this amplification,we observe pronounced Zeeman splitting and modified intervalley relaxation pathways,indicating significant magnetic proximity interactions.Finite-element simulations and first-principles calculations reveal that the enhancement arises from local electromagnetic field concentration and layer-dependent interfacial coupling.Our results establish SPP-assisted PL enhancement as an effective strategy for probing weak magneto-optical signatures,paving the way for detailed exploration of exciton-magnon coupling and interface-driven quantum phenomena in twodimensional(2D)magnetic heterostructures.展开更多
Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electro...Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electrocatalytic reaction kinetics at the cathode.The integration of light energy into Zn/Sn-air batteries is a promising strategy for enhancing their performance.However,the photothermal and photoelectric effects generate heat in the battery under prolonged solar irradiation,leading to air cathode instability.This paper presents the first design and synthesis of Ni_(2)-1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone(Ni_(2)DDA),an electronically conductiveπ-d conjugated metal-organic framework(MOF).Ni_(2)DDA exhibits both photoelectric and photothermal effects,with an optical band gap of~1.14 eV.Under illumination,Ni_(2)DDA achieves excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance(with an overpotential of 245 mV vs.reversible hydrogen electrode at 10 mA cm^(−2))and photothermal stability.These properties result from the synergy between the photoelectric and photothermal effects of Ni_(2)DDA.Upon integration into Zn/Sn-air batteries,Ni_(2)DDA ensures excellent cycling stability under light and exhibits remarkable performance in high-temperature environments up to 80℃.This study experimentally confirms the stable operation of photo-assisted Zn/Sn-air batteries under high-temperature conditions for the first time and provides novel insights into the application of electronically conductive MOFs in photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal catalysis.展开更多
The magnetic properties and Kondo effect in Ce3TiBi5 with a quasi-one-dimensional structure were investigated using in situ high-pressure resistivity measurements up to 48 GPa.At ambient pressure,Ce_(3)TiBi_(5) underg...The magnetic properties and Kondo effect in Ce3TiBi5 with a quasi-one-dimensional structure were investigated using in situ high-pressure resistivity measurements up to 48 GPa.At ambient pressure,Ce_(3)TiBi_(5) undergoes an antiferromagnetic(AFM)transition at T_(N)∼5 K.Under high pressures within 8.9 GPa,we find that Kondo scattering contributes differently to the high-temperature resistance,R(T),depending on the applied current direction,demonstrating a significantly anisotropic Kondo effect.The complete P–T phase diagram has been constructed,in which the pressure dependence of T_(N) exhibits a dome-like shape.The AFM order remains robust under pressure,even when the coherence temperature T^(*) far exceeds 300 K.We attribute the observed anisotropic Kondo effect and the robust AFM to the underlying anisotropy in electronic hybridization under high pressure.展开更多
In magnetic topological materials,the interplay between magnetism and nontrivial topology gives rise to exotic quantum transport phenomena,including the anomalous Hall effect and anomalous Nernst effect.Here,we report...In magnetic topological materials,the interplay between magnetism and nontrivial topology gives rise to exotic quantum transport phenomena,including the anomalous Hall effect and anomalous Nernst effect.Here,we report the observation of intrinsic topological Hall and topological Nernst effects below the Néel temperature(T_(N)=25 K)in the antiferromagnetic(AFM)topological insulator Mn Bi_(2)Te_(4).The maximum of topological Hall resistivity reaches approximately 9μΩ·cm at 2 K,while the topological Nernst signal attains a peak value of 0.1μV/K near 10 K.These anomalous transport behaviors originate from the net Berry curvature induced by the non-collinear spin structure in the canted AFM state.Our results suggest a close connection between the topological thermoelectric effect and non-collinear AFM order in AFM topological insulators.展开更多
Benzalkonium chloride(BAC)is widely employed as a broad-spectrum biocide and has emerged as a significant environmental pollutant.Polymyxin B(PB)serves as the last-line defense for the treatment of Gram-negative patho...Benzalkonium chloride(BAC)is widely employed as a broad-spectrum biocide and has emerged as a significant environmental pollutant.Polymyxin B(PB)serves as the last-line defense for the treatment of Gram-negative pathogens.Previous studies reported that BAC-adapted Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased the tolerance to PB.Herein,we present the novel finding that the combination of BAC and PB exhibited synergistic antibacterial effects against P.aeruginosa.Time-killing assay demonstrated a significant reduction in bacterial cell viability.Scanning electron microscopy,zeta potential analysis,hydrophobicity measurements,and fluorescence probe analyses collectively revealed severe disruption of the cell envelope and membrane potential induced by the combination of BAC and PB.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the BAC-PB combination notably downreg-ulated the expression of genes involved in lipid A modification and cell envelope production,including phoPQ,pmrAB,bamABCDE,lptABCDEG,lolB,yidC,and murJ.Additionally,the combination group exhibited augmented production of reactive oxygen species and diminished ATP synthesis.The expression of the genes associated with substance metabolism and energy generation was significantly impeded.This study provides significant implica-tions for the interactions of biocides and antibiotics on Gram-negative pathogens,while also addressing antibiotic resistance and developing the external treatment strategy for Pseudomonas-infected wounds and burns.展开更多
Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based met...Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based methods,tracking on a single CPU core,or parallelizing the computation across multiple cores via the message passing interface(MPI).Although these approaches work well for single-bunch tracking,scaling them to multiple bunches significantly increases the computational load,which often necessitates the use of a dedicated multi-CPU cluster.To address this challenge,alternative methods leveraging General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units(GPGPU)have been proposed,enabling tracking studies on a standalone desktop personal computer(PC).However,frequent CPU-GPU interactions,including data transfers and synchronization operations during tracking,can introduce communication overheads,potentially reducing the overall effectiveness of GPU-based computations.In this study,we propose a novel approach that eliminates this overhead by performing the entire tracking simulation process exclusively on the GPU,thereby enabling the simultaneous processing of all bunches and their macro-particles.Specifically,we introduce MBTRACK2-CUDA,a Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA)ported version of MBTRACK2,which facilitates efficient tracking of single-and multi-bunch collective effects by leveraging the full GPU-resident computation.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate and compare alterations in the effective lens position(ELP)and refractive outcomes among three distinct intraocular lens(IOL)types.METHODS:Patients with cataracts were enrolled and allocated to 3 group...AIM:To evaluate and compare alterations in the effective lens position(ELP)and refractive outcomes among three distinct intraocular lens(IOL)types.METHODS:Patients with cataracts were enrolled and allocated to 3 groups:Group A(implanted with the SN6CWS),Group B(implanted with the MI60),and Group C(implanted with the Aspira-aA).ELP measurements were obtained with swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)at 1d,1wk,1mo,and 3mo postoperatively.Subjective refraction assessments were conducted at 1wk,1mo,and 3mo following surgery.RESULTS:The study included 189 eyes of 150 cataract patients(66 males).There were 77 eyes in Group A,55 eyes in Group B,and 57 eyes in Group C.The root mean square of the ELP(ELPRMS)within the initial 3mo was significantly lower for Group A than for Groups B and C.Refractive changes within Group A were not significant across the time points of 1wk,1mo,and 3mo.Conversely,both Group B and Group C demonstrated statistically significant shifts toward hyperopia from 1wk to 3mo postsurgery.CONCLUSION:Among the three IOLs examined,the SN6CWS IOL showes the greatest stability during the first 3mo postoperatively.Between 1wk and 3mo after surgery,notable hyperopic shifts are evident in eyes implanted with the MI60 and Aspira-aA IOLs,whereas refractive outcomes remain relatively constant in eyes implanted with SN6CWS IOLs.展开更多
Electrical and electronic devices face significant challenges in heatmanagement due to their compact size and high heat flux,which negatively impact performance and reliability.Conventional coolingmethods,such as forc...Electrical and electronic devices face significant challenges in heatmanagement due to their compact size and high heat flux,which negatively impact performance and reliability.Conventional coolingmethods,such as forced air cooling,often struggle to transfer heat efficiently.In contrast,thermoelectric coolers(TECs)provide an innovative active cooling solution to meet growing thermal management demands.In this research,a refrigerant based on mono ethylene glycol and distilled water was used instead of using gases,in addition to using thermoelectric cooling units instead of using a compressor in traditional refrigeration systems.This study evaluates the performance of a Peltierbased thermalmanagement systemby analyzing the effects of using two,three,and four Peltiermodules on cooling rates,power consumption,temperature reduction,and system efficiency.Experimental results indicate that increasing the number of Peltier modules significantly enhances cooling performance.The four-module system achieved an optimal balance between cooling speed and energy efficiency,reducing the temperature of a liquidmixture(30% mono ethylene glycol+70% distilled water plus laser dyes)to 8℃ in just 17 min.It demonstrated a cooling rate of 0.794℃/min and a high coefficient of performance(COP)of 1.2 while consuming less energy than the two-and three-module systems.Furthermore,the study revealed that increasing the number of modules led to faster air cooling and improved temperature reduction.These findings highlight the importance of selecting the optimal number of Peltier modules to enhance efficiency and cooling speed whileminimizing energy consumption.This makes TEC technology a sustainable and effective solution for applications requiring rapid and reliable thermal management.展开更多
This paper prepared a novel as-cast W-Zr-Ti metallic ESM using high-frequency vacuum induction melting technique.The above ESM performs a typical elastic-brittle material feature and strain rate strengthening behavior...This paper prepared a novel as-cast W-Zr-Ti metallic ESM using high-frequency vacuum induction melting technique.The above ESM performs a typical elastic-brittle material feature and strain rate strengthening behavior.The specimens exhibit violent chemical reaction during the fracture process under the impact loading,and the size distribution of their residual debris follows Rosin-Rammler model.The dynamic fracture toughness is obtained by the fitting of debris length scale,approximately 1.87 MPa·m~(1/2).Microstructure observation on residual debris indicates that the failure process is determined by primary crack propagation under quasi-static compression,while it is affected by multiple cracks propagation in both particle and matrix in the case of dynamic impact.Impact test demonstrates that the novel energetic fragment performs brilliant penetration and combustion effect behind the front target,leading to the effective ignition of fuel tank.For the brittleness of as-cast W-ZrTi ESM,further study conducted bond-based peridynamic(BB-PD)C++computational code to simulate its fracture behavior during penetration.The BB-PD method successfully captured the fracture process and debris cloud formation of the energetic fragment.This paper explores a novel as-cast metallic ESM,and provides an available numerical avenue to the simulation of brittle energetic fragment.展开更多
In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural a...In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural and anthropogenic effects on marine aerosols optical properties,as well as the applicability of multi-satellite products and IMPROVE equation.The averaged aerosol optical depth(AOD500 nm)was 0.31±0.16 andÅngström exponent440–675 nm was 0.29±0.30.In offshore China,significant anthropogenic emissions affected the marine environment.In remote WPO,dust aerosols transported from northern China,Siberia,Central Asia,and those settling from the upper troposphere originating from north Africa,Arabian peninsula,and western India,were dominant.The spatial trends of AOD were opposite in the mid-latitude and southern seas of WPO.The highest AOD,0.32±0.23,appeared along the coast of South Asia at mid-latitude,decreasing from offshore seas to remote oceans.In low-latitude and equatorial seas,AOD significantly increased from coast to remote oceans.Ångström exponent dropped significantly from the coast to remote oceans as anthropogenic influence diminished across the entire WPO.Correlation analysis showed that both MODIS-C6 and Himawari AOD prod-ucts showed similar applicability in coastal urban areas,while Himawari AOD is highly recommended for coastal background and marine environment due to its finer resolution.The extinction coefficient derived from PM_(2.5) chemical compositions using IMPROVE algorithm exhibited a significant correlation(R^(2)=0.58)with the con-currently measured AOD in the absence of long-distance transport,suggesting that the IMPROVE is a reasonable proxy of the columnar average of marine aerosol extinctions free from transport influences.展开更多
Background:While the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC)is evolving due to immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),optimal strategies for later lines of therapy have yet to be defined.The combination of lenv...Background:While the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC)is evolving due to immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),optimal strategies for later lines of therapy have yet to be defined.The combination of lenvatinib and everolimus represents a viable option,and the present review aimed to summarize its activity,effectiveness,and safety.Methods:A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed,targeting studies published between 2018 and 2025.Eligible studies included English-language prospective and retrospective trials reporting survival outcomes in mRCC patients treated with lenvatinib and everolimus after at least one ICI-containing regimen.Results:Nine studies met the inclusion criteria,encompassing a total of 441 patients.The lenvatinib and everolimus combination was primarily used in the third and subsequent lines of therapy.Median overall survival ranged from 7.5 to 24.5 months,while median progression-free survival was more consistent,between 6.1 and 6.7 months,except for one study reporting 12.9 months.Objective response rates varied widely(14.0%–55.7%).Adverse events of grade≥3 did not exceed the expected rate,with diarrhoea and proteinuria as the most reported events.Dose reductions and treatment discontinuations due to toxicity occurred but were generally lower than in prior pivotal trials.Conclusions:Real-world evidence suggests that lenvatinib and everolimus represent an effective and safe option after ICI failure in mRCC patients.Nevertheless,the lack of randomized phase III trials and the heterogeneity of existing studies highlight the need for more robust prospective research to guide post-ICI therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have been regarded as one of the most promising alternatives in the post-lithium battery era due to their high energy density,which meets the needs of light-weight electronic devices and l...Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have been regarded as one of the most promising alternatives in the post-lithium battery era due to their high energy density,which meets the needs of light-weight electronic devices and long-range electric vehicles.However,technical barriers such as dendrite growth and poor Li plating/stripping reversibility severely hinder the practical application of LMBs.However,lithium nitrate(LiNO_(3))is found to be able to stabilize the Li/electrolyte interface and has been used to address the above challenges.To date,considerable research efforts have been devoted toward understanding the roles of LiNO_(3) in regulating the surface properties of Li anodes and toward the development of many effective strategies.These research efforts are partially mentioned in some articles on LMBs and yet have not been reviewed systematically.To fill this gap,we discuss the recent advances in fundamental and technological research on LiNO_(3) and its derivatives for improving the performances of LMBs,particularly for Li-sulfur(S),Li-oxygen(O),and Li-Li-containing transition-metal oxide(LTMO)batteries,as well as LiNO_(3)-containing recipes for precursors in battery materials and interphase fabrication.This review pays attention to the effects of LiNO_(3) in lithium-based batteries,aiming to provide scientific guidance for the optimization of electrode/electrolyte interfaces and enrich the design of advanced LMBs.展开更多
Multi-electron and multi-orbital effects play a crucial role in the interaction of strong laser fields with complex molecules.Here,multi-electron effects encompass not only electron-electron Coulomb interactions and e...Multi-electron and multi-orbital effects play a crucial role in the interaction of strong laser fields with complex molecules.Here,multi-electron effects encompass not only electron-electron Coulomb interactions and exchangecorrelation effects but also the interference between the dynamics of different electron wave packets.展开更多
The flexoelectric effect refers to the electromechanical coupling between electric polarization and mechanical strain gradient.It universally exists in a variety of materials in any space group,such as liquid crystals...The flexoelectric effect refers to the electromechanical coupling between electric polarization and mechanical strain gradient.It universally exists in a variety of materials in any space group,such as liquid crystals,dielectrics,biological materials,and semiconductors.Because of its unique size effect,nanoscale flexoelectricity has shown novel phenomena and promising applications in electronics,optronics,mechatronics,and photovoltaics.In this review,we provide a succinct report on the discovery and development of the flexoelectric effect,focusing on flexoelectric materials and related applications.Finally,we discuss recent flexoelectric research progress and still‐unsolved problems.展开更多
This study explores the housing distribution effect of the Housing Provident Fund(HPF)system on households.Utilizing data from the China Household Finance Survey conducted in 2013,2015,2017,and 2019,this study empiric...This study explores the housing distribution effect of the Housing Provident Fund(HPF)system on households.Utilizing data from the China Household Finance Survey conducted in 2013,2015,2017,and 2019,this study empirically investigates this effect from two dimensions:the impact of HPF payments on household income and housing loan behavior,and the impact on the Gini coefficient of housing assets within the group.The results indicate that the HPF payment does not significantly impact household income levels.Instead,it increases their likelihood of obtaining housing loans,particularly for middle-income households.Additionally,for any group of families,the HPF payment decreased the housing Gini coefficient among households by approximately 0.11 units.This study may be the first to provide the most direct empirical evidence on the extent of HPF’s impact on housing inequality within a group.It also questions the inference in the literature that“HPF will aggravate housing inequality within the group.”Based on this study’s findings,we expect that housing inequality will continue to be alleviated with continued HPF implementation.In particular,this effect will be more significant if the credit support for lowincome families to purchase houses through the HPF can be further enhanced.展开更多
Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P...Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P fractions is potentially an adaptive strategy for plants to cope with soil N(P)availability and nutrient-limiting conditions.However,the impact of the interactions between imbalanced anthropogenic N and P inputs on the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions in forest woody plants remains elusive.We conducted a metaanalysis of data about the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions,specifically associated with individual and combined additions of N and P in evergreen forests,the dominant vegetation type in southern China where the primary productivity is usually considered limited by P.This assessment allowed us to quantitatively evaluate the effects of N and P additions alone and interactively on leaf P allocation and use strategies.Nitrogen addition(exacerbating P limitation)reduced the concentrations of leaf total P and different leaf P fractions.Nitrogen addition reduced the allocation to leaf metabolic P but increased the allocation to other fractions,while P addition showed opposite trends.The simultaneous additions of N and P showed an antagonistic(mutual suppression)effect on the concentrations of leaf P fractions,but an additive(summary)effect on the allocation proportions of leaf P fractions.These results highlight the importance of strategies of leaf P fraction allocation in forest plants under changes in environmental nutrient availability.Importantly,our study identified critical interactions associated with combined N and P inputs that affect leaf P fractions,thus aiding in predicting plant acclimation strategies in the context of intensifying and imbalanced anthropogenic nutrient inputs.展开更多
Multidimensional confined structure systems are proposed and demonstrated by using MoO_(2)@MO_(2)C(MMC)to enhance the photothermal catalytic performance of the metal sulfides-multidimensional confined structure(TMs-MD...Multidimensional confined structure systems are proposed and demonstrated by using MoO_(2)@MO_(2)C(MMC)to enhance the photothermal catalytic performance of the metal sulfides-multidimensional confined structure(TMs-MDCS).Specifically,the MMC nanoparticles confined to the surface of the ZnIn_(2)S_(4)hollow tube-shell(MMC/HT-ZIS)achieve a hydrogen evolution rate of 9.72 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which is 11.2 times higher than that of pure HT-ZIS.Meanwhile,the MnCdS(MCS)nanoparticles are encapsulated within the two-dimensional MMC(2D MMC/MCS)through precise regulation of size and morphology.The 10-MMC/MCS lamellar network demonstrates the highest hydrogen evolution rate of 8.19 mmol g^(-1)-h^(-1).The obtained MMC/TMs-MDCS catalysts exhibit an enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate,which can be attributed to the strong synergistic interaction between the multidimensional confinement and the photothermal effects.The confinement space and the strong interfacial relationship within the MMC/TMs-MDCS create abundant channels and active sites that facilitate electron migration and transport.Furthermore,the construction of a confined environment positions these materials as promising candidates for achieving exceptional photothermal catalytic performance,as MMC/TMs-MDCS enhance light absorption through light scattering and reflecting effects.Additionally,the capacity of MMC/TMsMDCS to convert solar light into thermal energy significantly reduces the activation energy of the reaction,thereby facilitating reaction kinetics and accelerating the separation and transport of photogenerated carriers.This work provides valuable insights for the development of highly efficient photothermal catalytic water-splitting systems for hydrogen production using multidimensional confined catalysts.展开更多
During the propagation of high-power lasers within internal channels,the laser beam heats the propagation medium,causing the thermal blooming effect that degrades the beam quality at the output.The intricate configura...During the propagation of high-power lasers within internal channels,the laser beam heats the propagation medium,causing the thermal blooming effect that degrades the beam quality at the output.The intricate configuration of the optical path within the internal channel necessitates complex and time-consuming efforts to assess the impact of thermal blooming effect on the optical path.To meet the engineering need for rapid evaluation of thermal blooming effect in optical paths,this study proposed a rapid simulation method for the thermal blooming effect in internal optical paths based on the finite element method.This method discretized the fluid region into infinitesimal elements and employed finite element method for flow field analysis.A simplified analytical model of the flow field region in complex internal channels was established,and regions with similar thermal blooming effect were divided within this model.Based on the calculated optical path differences within these regions,numerical simulations of phase distortion caused by thermal blooming were conducted.The calculated result were compared with those obtained using the existing methods.The findings reveal that for complex optical paths,the discrepancy between the two approaches is less than 3.6%,with similar phase distortion patterns observed.For L-type units,this method and the existing methods identify the same primary factors influencing aberrations and exhibit consistent trends in their variation.This method was used to analyze the impact of thermal blooming effect in a straight channel under different gravity directions.The results show that phase distortion varies with changes in the direction of gravity,and the magnitude of the phase difference is strongly correlated with the component of gravity perpendicular to the optical axis.Compared to the existing methods,this approach offers greater flexibility,obviates the need for complex custom analysis programming.The analytical results of this method enable a rapid assessment of the thermal blooming effect in optical paths within the internal channel.This is especially useful during the engineering design.These results also provide crucial references for developing strategies to suppress thermal blooming effect.展开更多
Roads are a leading cause of habitat fragmentation and may reduce bird populations by increasing nest predation rates.However,few studies have investigated the effects of traffic volume on the reproductive success of ...Roads are a leading cause of habitat fragmentation and may reduce bird populations by increasing nest predation rates.However,few studies have investigated the effects of traffic volume on the reproductive success of roadside birds in the neotropics.Our goal was to evaluate the effects of spatial,temporal,and vehicle flow variations on the survival of artificial open-cup nests.The study was carried out in a nature reserve on the side of a highway during the breeding season(from October to March)in two restinga(sand-coastal plain)phytophysiognomies in southeastern Brazil:non-floodable(open)and floodable(closed).One hundred thirty nests were distributed along transects ranging from 3 m to 300 m from the highway in each vegetation type(totaling 260 nests).The nests were checked every three days for their status(depredated or intact)over 12 days,and new nests were subsequently placed near sampling points of depredated or successful nests.We estimated survival using logistic exposure generalized linear and additive mixed models.At the end of the 180 days of the experiment,33%of 6202 nests were successful.Nest survival was higher in open restinga than in closed restinga.In both habitats,nest survival was lowest mid-season and highest at the beginning and end.Survival rates peaked near the highway,declined up to 50 m away,then showed a slight increase.Finally,survival increased at moderate-to-high traffic volumes(∼22,000 vehicles/day),particularly in open restinga.We suggest that spatial,temporal,and habitat-specific highway impacts(e.g.,noise,vibration,visual stimuli)can lead to variations in the activity of nest predators,generating fluctuations in nest survival associated with predator behavior.展开更多
A comprehensive numerical investigation into mixed⁃mode delamination is presented in this study.It aims to assess the impact of thermal and friction effects through mixed⁃mode flexure crack propagation testing.Finite ...A comprehensive numerical investigation into mixed⁃mode delamination is presented in this study.It aims to assess the impact of thermal and friction effects through mixed⁃mode flexure crack propagation testing.Finite element analysis was employed to model the delamination process,incorporating a contact cohesive zone model.This model couples the traction⁃separation law,the contact law,and the Coulomb friction law simultaneously.The thermomechanical analysis in this study is performed using a sequentially coupled approach,implemented with the finite element software ABAQUS.The findings underscore the importance of this study.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52373311)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(No.2021ZD0301605)+3 种基金provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92263202 and 12374020)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFA0711502)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB33000000)support from the Australian Research Council(ARC Discovery Project,No.DP180102976).
文摘The magnetic proximity effect enables interfacial modulation of excitonic and spin-valley properties in transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),offering a versatile route toward next-generation spintronic and valleytronic devices.However,the inherently weak photoluminescence(PL)of bright excitons—suppressed by proximity-induced darkening mechanisms—hinders the optical detection of magnetic interactions.Here,we demonstrate substantial exciton emission enhancement in CrOCl/WSe_(2)(HS)and twisted 90°-CrOCl/CrOCl/WSe_(2)(THS)heterostructures by employing plasmonic Au nanopillar arrays to activate surface plasmon polariton(SPP)coupling.The neutral exciton emission intensity is enhanced by factors of 5 and 18 for HS/Au and THS/Au,respectively,with enhancements persisting under high magnetic fields and elevated temperatures(~10-fold in THS/Au).Enabled by this amplification,we observe pronounced Zeeman splitting and modified intervalley relaxation pathways,indicating significant magnetic proximity interactions.Finite-element simulations and first-principles calculations reveal that the enhancement arises from local electromagnetic field concentration and layer-dependent interfacial coupling.Our results establish SPP-assisted PL enhancement as an effective strategy for probing weak magneto-optical signatures,paving the way for detailed exploration of exciton-magnon coupling and interface-driven quantum phenomena in twodimensional(2D)magnetic heterostructures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62464010)Spring City Plan-Special Program for Young Talents(K202005007)+2 种基金Yunnan Talents Support Plan for Young Talents(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0482)Yunnan Local Colleges Applied Basic Research Projects(202101BA070001-138)Frontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023.
文摘Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electrocatalytic reaction kinetics at the cathode.The integration of light energy into Zn/Sn-air batteries is a promising strategy for enhancing their performance.However,the photothermal and photoelectric effects generate heat in the battery under prolonged solar irradiation,leading to air cathode instability.This paper presents the first design and synthesis of Ni_(2)-1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone(Ni_(2)DDA),an electronically conductiveπ-d conjugated metal-organic framework(MOF).Ni_(2)DDA exhibits both photoelectric and photothermal effects,with an optical band gap of~1.14 eV.Under illumination,Ni_(2)DDA achieves excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance(with an overpotential of 245 mV vs.reversible hydrogen electrode at 10 mA cm^(−2))and photothermal stability.These properties result from the synergy between the photoelectric and photothermal effects of Ni_(2)DDA.Upon integration into Zn/Sn-air batteries,Ni_(2)DDA ensures excellent cycling stability under light and exhibits remarkable performance in high-temperature environments up to 80℃.This study experimentally confirms the stable operation of photo-assisted Zn/Sn-air batteries under high-temperature conditions for the first time and provides novel insights into the application of electronically conductive MOFs in photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal catalysis.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.2024YFA1408000,12474097,and2023YFA1406001)+2 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Quantum Science Strategic Initiative (Grant No.GDZX2201001)the Center for Computational Science and Engineering at Southern University of Science and Technology,the Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Project of Material Genome Big-science Facilities Platform supported by Municipal Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen(for J.L.Z.and Y.L.)the Chinese funding sources applied via HPSTAR。
文摘The magnetic properties and Kondo effect in Ce3TiBi5 with a quasi-one-dimensional structure were investigated using in situ high-pressure resistivity measurements up to 48 GPa.At ambient pressure,Ce_(3)TiBi_(5) undergoes an antiferromagnetic(AFM)transition at T_(N)∼5 K.Under high pressures within 8.9 GPa,we find that Kondo scattering contributes differently to the high-temperature resistance,R(T),depending on the applied current direction,demonstrating a significantly anisotropic Kondo effect.The complete P–T phase diagram has been constructed,in which the pressure dependence of T_(N) exhibits a dome-like shape.The AFM order remains robust under pressure,even when the coherence temperature T^(*) far exceeds 300 K.We attribute the observed anisotropic Kondo effect and the robust AFM to the underlying anisotropy in electronic hybridization under high pressure.
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1932155)the Hangzhou Joint Fund of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LHZSZ24A040001)+4 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1602602)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1403800 and 20-23YFA1406500)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023-M730011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12274459)supported by the HZNU Scientific Research and Innovation Team Project(No.TD2025013)。
文摘In magnetic topological materials,the interplay between magnetism and nontrivial topology gives rise to exotic quantum transport phenomena,including the anomalous Hall effect and anomalous Nernst effect.Here,we report the observation of intrinsic topological Hall and topological Nernst effects below the Néel temperature(T_(N)=25 K)in the antiferromagnetic(AFM)topological insulator Mn Bi_(2)Te_(4).The maximum of topological Hall resistivity reaches approximately 9μΩ·cm at 2 K,while the topological Nernst signal attains a peak value of 0.1μV/K near 10 K.These anomalous transport behaviors originate from the net Berry curvature induced by the non-collinear spin structure in the canted AFM state.Our results suggest a close connection between the topological thermoelectric effect and non-collinear AFM order in AFM topological insulators.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32170121).
文摘Benzalkonium chloride(BAC)is widely employed as a broad-spectrum biocide and has emerged as a significant environmental pollutant.Polymyxin B(PB)serves as the last-line defense for the treatment of Gram-negative pathogens.Previous studies reported that BAC-adapted Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased the tolerance to PB.Herein,we present the novel finding that the combination of BAC and PB exhibited synergistic antibacterial effects against P.aeruginosa.Time-killing assay demonstrated a significant reduction in bacterial cell viability.Scanning electron microscopy,zeta potential analysis,hydrophobicity measurements,and fluorescence probe analyses collectively revealed severe disruption of the cell envelope and membrane potential induced by the combination of BAC and PB.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the BAC-PB combination notably downreg-ulated the expression of genes involved in lipid A modification and cell envelope production,including phoPQ,pmrAB,bamABCDE,lptABCDEG,lolB,yidC,and murJ.Additionally,the combination group exhibited augmented production of reactive oxygen species and diminished ATP synthesis.The expression of the genes associated with substance metabolism and energy generation was significantly impeded.This study provides significant implica-tions for the interactions of biocides and antibiotics on Gram-negative pathogens,while also addressing antibiotic resistance and developing the external treatment strategy for Pseudomonas-infected wounds and burns.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(No.RS-2022-00143178)the Ministry of Education(MOE)(Nos.2022R1A6A3A13053896 and 2022R1F1A1074616),Republic of Korea.
文摘Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based methods,tracking on a single CPU core,or parallelizing the computation across multiple cores via the message passing interface(MPI).Although these approaches work well for single-bunch tracking,scaling them to multiple bunches significantly increases the computational load,which often necessitates the use of a dedicated multi-CPU cluster.To address this challenge,alternative methods leveraging General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units(GPGPU)have been proposed,enabling tracking studies on a standalone desktop personal computer(PC).However,frequent CPU-GPU interactions,including data transfers and synchronization operations during tracking,can introduce communication overheads,potentially reducing the overall effectiveness of GPU-based computations.In this study,we propose a novel approach that eliminates this overhead by performing the entire tracking simulation process exclusively on the GPU,thereby enabling the simultaneous processing of all bunches and their macro-particles.Specifically,we introduce MBTRACK2-CUDA,a Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA)ported version of MBTRACK2,which facilitates efficient tracking of single-and multi-bunch collective effects by leveraging the full GPU-resident computation.
基金Supported by the Zhejiang Medical Health Science and Technology Project(No.2021KY217)the Basic Public Welfare Research Project of Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(No.2024Y1221).
文摘AIM:To evaluate and compare alterations in the effective lens position(ELP)and refractive outcomes among three distinct intraocular lens(IOL)types.METHODS:Patients with cataracts were enrolled and allocated to 3 groups:Group A(implanted with the SN6CWS),Group B(implanted with the MI60),and Group C(implanted with the Aspira-aA).ELP measurements were obtained with swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)at 1d,1wk,1mo,and 3mo postoperatively.Subjective refraction assessments were conducted at 1wk,1mo,and 3mo following surgery.RESULTS:The study included 189 eyes of 150 cataract patients(66 males).There were 77 eyes in Group A,55 eyes in Group B,and 57 eyes in Group C.The root mean square of the ELP(ELPRMS)within the initial 3mo was significantly lower for Group A than for Groups B and C.Refractive changes within Group A were not significant across the time points of 1wk,1mo,and 3mo.Conversely,both Group B and Group C demonstrated statistically significant shifts toward hyperopia from 1wk to 3mo postsurgery.CONCLUSION:Among the three IOLs examined,the SN6CWS IOL showes the greatest stability during the first 3mo postoperatively.Between 1wk and 3mo after surgery,notable hyperopic shifts are evident in eyes implanted with the MI60 and Aspira-aA IOLs,whereas refractive outcomes remain relatively constant in eyes implanted with SN6CWS IOLs.
文摘Electrical and electronic devices face significant challenges in heatmanagement due to their compact size and high heat flux,which negatively impact performance and reliability.Conventional coolingmethods,such as forced air cooling,often struggle to transfer heat efficiently.In contrast,thermoelectric coolers(TECs)provide an innovative active cooling solution to meet growing thermal management demands.In this research,a refrigerant based on mono ethylene glycol and distilled water was used instead of using gases,in addition to using thermoelectric cooling units instead of using a compressor in traditional refrigeration systems.This study evaluates the performance of a Peltierbased thermalmanagement systemby analyzing the effects of using two,three,and four Peltiermodules on cooling rates,power consumption,temperature reduction,and system efficiency.Experimental results indicate that increasing the number of Peltier modules significantly enhances cooling performance.The four-module system achieved an optimal balance between cooling speed and energy efficiency,reducing the temperature of a liquidmixture(30% mono ethylene glycol+70% distilled water plus laser dyes)to 8℃ in just 17 min.It demonstrated a cooling rate of 0.794℃/min and a high coefficient of performance(COP)of 1.2 while consuming less energy than the two-and three-module systems.Furthermore,the study revealed that increasing the number of modules led to faster air cooling and improved temperature reduction.These findings highlight the importance of selecting the optimal number of Peltier modules to enhance efficiency and cooling speed whileminimizing energy consumption.This makes TEC technology a sustainable and effective solution for applications requiring rapid and reliable thermal management.
文摘This paper prepared a novel as-cast W-Zr-Ti metallic ESM using high-frequency vacuum induction melting technique.The above ESM performs a typical elastic-brittle material feature and strain rate strengthening behavior.The specimens exhibit violent chemical reaction during the fracture process under the impact loading,and the size distribution of their residual debris follows Rosin-Rammler model.The dynamic fracture toughness is obtained by the fitting of debris length scale,approximately 1.87 MPa·m~(1/2).Microstructure observation on residual debris indicates that the failure process is determined by primary crack propagation under quasi-static compression,while it is affected by multiple cracks propagation in both particle and matrix in the case of dynamic impact.Impact test demonstrates that the novel energetic fragment performs brilliant penetration and combustion effect behind the front target,leading to the effective ignition of fuel tank.For the brittleness of as-cast W-ZrTi ESM,further study conducted bond-based peridynamic(BB-PD)C++computational code to simulate its fracture behavior during penetration.The BB-PD method successfully captured the fracture process and debris cloud formation of the energetic fragment.This paper explores a novel as-cast metallic ESM,and provides an available numerical avenue to the simulation of brittle energetic fragment.
基金supported by the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program(No.XDB0760102),the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2022YFF0802501)the Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Maintenance and Transformation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan-Phospherus Project(No.23YF1426200)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFE0212200).
文摘In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural and anthropogenic effects on marine aerosols optical properties,as well as the applicability of multi-satellite products and IMPROVE equation.The averaged aerosol optical depth(AOD500 nm)was 0.31±0.16 andÅngström exponent440–675 nm was 0.29±0.30.In offshore China,significant anthropogenic emissions affected the marine environment.In remote WPO,dust aerosols transported from northern China,Siberia,Central Asia,and those settling from the upper troposphere originating from north Africa,Arabian peninsula,and western India,were dominant.The spatial trends of AOD were opposite in the mid-latitude and southern seas of WPO.The highest AOD,0.32±0.23,appeared along the coast of South Asia at mid-latitude,decreasing from offshore seas to remote oceans.In low-latitude and equatorial seas,AOD significantly increased from coast to remote oceans.Ångström exponent dropped significantly from the coast to remote oceans as anthropogenic influence diminished across the entire WPO.Correlation analysis showed that both MODIS-C6 and Himawari AOD prod-ucts showed similar applicability in coastal urban areas,while Himawari AOD is highly recommended for coastal background and marine environment due to its finer resolution.The extinction coefficient derived from PM_(2.5) chemical compositions using IMPROVE algorithm exhibited a significant correlation(R^(2)=0.58)with the con-currently measured AOD in the absence of long-distance transport,suggesting that the IMPROVE is a reasonable proxy of the columnar average of marine aerosol extinctions free from transport influences.
文摘Background:While the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC)is evolving due to immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),optimal strategies for later lines of therapy have yet to be defined.The combination of lenvatinib and everolimus represents a viable option,and the present review aimed to summarize its activity,effectiveness,and safety.Methods:A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed,targeting studies published between 2018 and 2025.Eligible studies included English-language prospective and retrospective trials reporting survival outcomes in mRCC patients treated with lenvatinib and everolimus after at least one ICI-containing regimen.Results:Nine studies met the inclusion criteria,encompassing a total of 441 patients.The lenvatinib and everolimus combination was primarily used in the third and subsequent lines of therapy.Median overall survival ranged from 7.5 to 24.5 months,while median progression-free survival was more consistent,between 6.1 and 6.7 months,except for one study reporting 12.9 months.Objective response rates varied widely(14.0%–55.7%).Adverse events of grade≥3 did not exceed the expected rate,with diarrhoea and proteinuria as the most reported events.Dose reductions and treatment discontinuations due to toxicity occurred but were generally lower than in prior pivotal trials.Conclusions:Real-world evidence suggests that lenvatinib and everolimus represent an effective and safe option after ICI failure in mRCC patients.Nevertheless,the lack of randomized phase III trials and the heterogeneity of existing studies highlight the need for more robust prospective research to guide post-ICI therapeutic strategies.
基金supported by the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(Grant Nos.202401AU070163 and 202501AT070298)the Yunnan Engineering Research Center Innovation Ability Construction and Enhancement Projects(Grant No.2023-XMDJ-00617107)+5 种基金the University Service Key Industry Project of Yunnan Province(Grant No.FWCY-ZD2024005)the Expert Workstation Support Project of Yunnan Province(Grant No.202405AF140069)the Scientific Research Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Grant No.20220122)the Analysis and Test Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Grant No.2023T20220122)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(Grant No.2025QN02057)the Ordos City Strategic Pioneering Science and Technology Special Program for New Energy(Grant No.DC2400003365).
文摘Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have been regarded as one of the most promising alternatives in the post-lithium battery era due to their high energy density,which meets the needs of light-weight electronic devices and long-range electric vehicles.However,technical barriers such as dendrite growth and poor Li plating/stripping reversibility severely hinder the practical application of LMBs.However,lithium nitrate(LiNO_(3))is found to be able to stabilize the Li/electrolyte interface and has been used to address the above challenges.To date,considerable research efforts have been devoted toward understanding the roles of LiNO_(3) in regulating the surface properties of Li anodes and toward the development of many effective strategies.These research efforts are partially mentioned in some articles on LMBs and yet have not been reviewed systematically.To fill this gap,we discuss the recent advances in fundamental and technological research on LiNO_(3) and its derivatives for improving the performances of LMBs,particularly for Li-sulfur(S),Li-oxygen(O),and Li-Li-containing transition-metal oxide(LTMO)batteries,as well as LiNO_(3)-containing recipes for precursors in battery materials and interphase fabrication.This review pays attention to the effects of LiNO_(3) in lithium-based batteries,aiming to provide scientific guidance for the optimization of electrode/electrolyte interfaces and enrich the design of advanced LMBs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0134200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12204214)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.GK202207012)QCYRCXM-2022-241。
文摘Multi-electron and multi-orbital effects play a crucial role in the interaction of strong laser fields with complex molecules.Here,multi-electron effects encompass not only electron-electron Coulomb interactions and exchangecorrelation effects but also the interference between the dynamics of different electron wave packets.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52192611,51872031,61904013,and 62405157)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023M741890 and GZC20231215)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘The flexoelectric effect refers to the electromechanical coupling between electric polarization and mechanical strain gradient.It universally exists in a variety of materials in any space group,such as liquid crystals,dielectrics,biological materials,and semiconductors.Because of its unique size effect,nanoscale flexoelectricity has shown novel phenomena and promising applications in electronics,optronics,mechatronics,and photovoltaics.In this review,we provide a succinct report on the discovery and development of the flexoelectric effect,focusing on flexoelectric materials and related applications.Finally,we discuss recent flexoelectric research progress and still‐unsolved problems.
基金funded by the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of the Ministry of Education of China(Project No.23XJC790007).
文摘This study explores the housing distribution effect of the Housing Provident Fund(HPF)system on households.Utilizing data from the China Household Finance Survey conducted in 2013,2015,2017,and 2019,this study empirically investigates this effect from two dimensions:the impact of HPF payments on household income and housing loan behavior,and the impact on the Gini coefficient of housing assets within the group.The results indicate that the HPF payment does not significantly impact household income levels.Instead,it increases their likelihood of obtaining housing loans,particularly for middle-income households.Additionally,for any group of families,the HPF payment decreased the housing Gini coefficient among households by approximately 0.11 units.This study may be the first to provide the most direct empirical evidence on the extent of HPF’s impact on housing inequality within a group.It also questions the inference in the literature that“HPF will aggravate housing inequality within the group.”Based on this study’s findings,we expect that housing inequality will continue to be alleviated with continued HPF implementation.In particular,this effect will be more significant if the credit support for lowincome families to purchase houses through the HPF can be further enhanced.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41473068)supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M722667)。
文摘Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P fractions is potentially an adaptive strategy for plants to cope with soil N(P)availability and nutrient-limiting conditions.However,the impact of the interactions between imbalanced anthropogenic N and P inputs on the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions in forest woody plants remains elusive.We conducted a metaanalysis of data about the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions,specifically associated with individual and combined additions of N and P in evergreen forests,the dominant vegetation type in southern China where the primary productivity is usually considered limited by P.This assessment allowed us to quantitatively evaluate the effects of N and P additions alone and interactively on leaf P allocation and use strategies.Nitrogen addition(exacerbating P limitation)reduced the concentrations of leaf total P and different leaf P fractions.Nitrogen addition reduced the allocation to leaf metabolic P but increased the allocation to other fractions,while P addition showed opposite trends.The simultaneous additions of N and P showed an antagonistic(mutual suppression)effect on the concentrations of leaf P fractions,but an additive(summary)effect on the allocation proportions of leaf P fractions.These results highlight the importance of strategies of leaf P fraction allocation in forest plants under changes in environmental nutrient availability.Importantly,our study identified critical interactions associated with combined N and P inputs that affect leaf P fractions,thus aiding in predicting plant acclimation strategies in the context of intensifying and imbalanced anthropogenic nutrient inputs.
基金supported by the Postgraduate Education Reform Project of Shandong Province(SDYAL2023032)the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFB3500102)。
文摘Multidimensional confined structure systems are proposed and demonstrated by using MoO_(2)@MO_(2)C(MMC)to enhance the photothermal catalytic performance of the metal sulfides-multidimensional confined structure(TMs-MDCS).Specifically,the MMC nanoparticles confined to the surface of the ZnIn_(2)S_(4)hollow tube-shell(MMC/HT-ZIS)achieve a hydrogen evolution rate of 9.72 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which is 11.2 times higher than that of pure HT-ZIS.Meanwhile,the MnCdS(MCS)nanoparticles are encapsulated within the two-dimensional MMC(2D MMC/MCS)through precise regulation of size and morphology.The 10-MMC/MCS lamellar network demonstrates the highest hydrogen evolution rate of 8.19 mmol g^(-1)-h^(-1).The obtained MMC/TMs-MDCS catalysts exhibit an enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate,which can be attributed to the strong synergistic interaction between the multidimensional confinement and the photothermal effects.The confinement space and the strong interfacial relationship within the MMC/TMs-MDCS create abundant channels and active sites that facilitate electron migration and transport.Furthermore,the construction of a confined environment positions these materials as promising candidates for achieving exceptional photothermal catalytic performance,as MMC/TMs-MDCS enhance light absorption through light scattering and reflecting effects.Additionally,the capacity of MMC/TMsMDCS to convert solar light into thermal energy significantly reduces the activation energy of the reaction,thereby facilitating reaction kinetics and accelerating the separation and transport of photogenerated carriers.This work provides valuable insights for the development of highly efficient photothermal catalytic water-splitting systems for hydrogen production using multidimensional confined catalysts.
文摘During the propagation of high-power lasers within internal channels,the laser beam heats the propagation medium,causing the thermal blooming effect that degrades the beam quality at the output.The intricate configuration of the optical path within the internal channel necessitates complex and time-consuming efforts to assess the impact of thermal blooming effect on the optical path.To meet the engineering need for rapid evaluation of thermal blooming effect in optical paths,this study proposed a rapid simulation method for the thermal blooming effect in internal optical paths based on the finite element method.This method discretized the fluid region into infinitesimal elements and employed finite element method for flow field analysis.A simplified analytical model of the flow field region in complex internal channels was established,and regions with similar thermal blooming effect were divided within this model.Based on the calculated optical path differences within these regions,numerical simulations of phase distortion caused by thermal blooming were conducted.The calculated result were compared with those obtained using the existing methods.The findings reveal that for complex optical paths,the discrepancy between the two approaches is less than 3.6%,with similar phase distortion patterns observed.For L-type units,this method and the existing methods identify the same primary factors influencing aberrations and exhibit consistent trends in their variation.This method was used to analyze the impact of thermal blooming effect in a straight channel under different gravity directions.The results show that phase distortion varies with changes in the direction of gravity,and the magnitude of the phase difference is strongly correlated with the component of gravity perpendicular to the optical axis.Compared to the existing methods,this approach offers greater flexibility,obviates the need for complex custom analysis programming.The analytical results of this method enable a rapid assessment of the thermal blooming effect in optical paths within the internal channel.This is especially useful during the engineering design.These results also provide crucial references for developing strategies to suppress thermal blooming effect.
基金supports were provided by the Concessionária Rodovia do Sol/SA(RodoSol)the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq,grant:45.6446/2014/1)+2 种基金the São Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP,Process Number#2024/13237-3)PD received a postdoctoral fellowship from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES,grant:88887.469218/2019-00)CD is grateful to CNPq(Bolsa de Produtividade em Pesquisa,grant:308997/2023-9).
文摘Roads are a leading cause of habitat fragmentation and may reduce bird populations by increasing nest predation rates.However,few studies have investigated the effects of traffic volume on the reproductive success of roadside birds in the neotropics.Our goal was to evaluate the effects of spatial,temporal,and vehicle flow variations on the survival of artificial open-cup nests.The study was carried out in a nature reserve on the side of a highway during the breeding season(from October to March)in two restinga(sand-coastal plain)phytophysiognomies in southeastern Brazil:non-floodable(open)and floodable(closed).One hundred thirty nests were distributed along transects ranging from 3 m to 300 m from the highway in each vegetation type(totaling 260 nests).The nests were checked every three days for their status(depredated or intact)over 12 days,and new nests were subsequently placed near sampling points of depredated or successful nests.We estimated survival using logistic exposure generalized linear and additive mixed models.At the end of the 180 days of the experiment,33%of 6202 nests were successful.Nest survival was higher in open restinga than in closed restinga.In both habitats,nest survival was lowest mid-season and highest at the beginning and end.Survival rates peaked near the highway,declined up to 50 m away,then showed a slight increase.Finally,survival increased at moderate-to-high traffic volumes(∼22,000 vehicles/day),particularly in open restinga.We suggest that spatial,temporal,and habitat-specific highway impacts(e.g.,noise,vibration,visual stimuli)can lead to variations in the activity of nest predators,generating fluctuations in nest survival associated with predator behavior.
文摘A comprehensive numerical investigation into mixed⁃mode delamination is presented in this study.It aims to assess the impact of thermal and friction effects through mixed⁃mode flexure crack propagation testing.Finite element analysis was employed to model the delamination process,incorporating a contact cohesive zone model.This model couples the traction⁃separation law,the contact law,and the Coulomb friction law simultaneously.The thermomechanical analysis in this study is performed using a sequentially coupled approach,implemented with the finite element software ABAQUS.The findings underscore the importance of this study.
