OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of Kuntai capsule and hormone replacement therapy in treatment of perimenopausal syndrome.METHODS: Articles were retrieved from the databases Cochrane Database of Syst...OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of Kuntai capsule and hormone replacement therapy in treatment of perimenopausal syndrome.METHODS: Articles were retrieved from the databases Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,Pub Med, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang Database. Only randomized controlled trials were included; 15 trials involving1243 patients were identified from January 2005 to April 2015. A systemic review and Meta-analysis of publications was performed. The review was limit-ed to randomized controlled trials that compared Kuntai capsule and hormone replacement therapy to treat perimenopausal syndrome for at least 3months. The primary outcome assessed was the treatment efficacy at 3 months, including effective rate of Kupperman menopausal scores, Kupperman menopausal scores, and blood estradiol(E2) or blood follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) levels.Other outcomes assessed were safety or adverse events, such as gastrointestinal complaints, breast distending pain, or vaginal bleeding.RESULTS: Kupperman menopausal scores showed no significant difference in effective rate [odds ratio(OR): 1.05, 95% confidence intervals(CI): 0.71 to1.55] and changes in FSH level [mean difference(MD): 2.14, 95% CI:-2.36 to 6.65]. There was a significant statistical difference in Kupperman menopausal scores(MD:-1.14, 95% CI:-2.03 to-0.25)and changes in E2level(MD:-16.41, 95% CI:-18.83to-13.69). There were fewer adverse events in the Kuntai capsule group than in the hormone replacement therapy group(OR: = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.25 to0.48, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Compared with hormone replacement therapy, Kuntai capsule can improve perimenopausal symptoms and blood E2 levels, and reduce the incidence of adverse events.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate evidence for the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in systematic reviews.METHODS:Chinese(TCM Periodical Literature Database,Chinese Biological Medicine database,Chinese Medical Curren...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate evidence for the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in systematic reviews.METHODS:Chinese(TCM Periodical Literature Database,Chinese Biological Medicine database,Chinese Medical Current Contents,China Hospital Knowledge Database journal fulltext database,Virtual Machining and Inspection System,and Wanfang) and English(Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,PubMed and Embase) databases were searched.RESULTS:Three thousand,nine hundred and fifty-five articles were initially identified,606 of which met the inclusion criteria,including 251 in English(83 from the Cochrane Database) and 355 in Chinese.The number of articles published each year increased between 1989 and 2009.Cardiocerebrovascular disease was the most studied target disease.Intervention measures included TCM preparations(177 articles),acupuncture(133 articles) and combinations of TCM and Western Medicine(38 articles).Control measures included positive medical(177 articles),basic treatment(100 articles),placebo(219 articles),and blank and mutual(107 articles).All articles included at least one reference;the greatest number was 268.Six of 10 articles with high quality references demonstrated curative effectsagainst target diseases including upper respiratory tract infection,dementia and depression.Interventions that were not recommended were tripterygium for rheumatoid arthritis and TCM syndrome differentiation for pediatric nocturia.In 10.4% of the studies,the authors concluded that the intervention had a curative effect.The assessors agreed with the authors' conclusions in 88.32% of cases,but rejected 8.94%(54 articles).CONCLUSION:1) Training in systematic review methods,including topic selection,study design,methods and technology,should be improved.2) Upper respiratory tract infection,dementia and depression may become the predominant diseases treated by TCM,and the corresponding interventions could be developed into practical applications.3) Use of non-recommended interventions should be controlled,and there should be more research on side effects.展开更多
The method of LA-MC-ICP-MS has become one choice for the analysis of many isotopic systems due to its relatively low cost,high analysis speed,high spatial resolution,and low matrix effect.However,there are still many ...The method of LA-MC-ICP-MS has become one choice for the analysis of many isotopic systems due to its relatively low cost,high analysis speed,high spatial resolution,and low matrix effect.However,there are still many challenges in the accuracy,precision,and spatial resolution of in situ isotopic composition determination by LA-MC-ICP-MS,which mainly include:(1)how to improve instrument sensitivity,further improve the spatial resolution,and achieve simultaneous determination of isotopes,multiple isotopes,or isotopes with trace elements in low-content samples?(2)how to deduct and correct interference to improve the accuracy of isotopic determination?(3)how to correct isotope fractionation?(4)how to reduce the matrix effect of isotopes?how to develop matrix-matched reference materials?and(5)how to achieve non-matrix-matched correction of isotopes?The high-sensitivity cone combinations,gas mixture,shield torch,and reasonable detector array can be applied to improve the elemental sensitivity.The interferences include the background interference and the interferences from the matrix elements(the isobaric interference,the polyatomic interference,and doubly charged ions interference).To reduce or even eliminate the interference,commonly used methods including interference elimination,background correction,and interference correction by evaluating with an interference-free isotope.Isotopic fractionation correction mainly involves external standard calibration and internal and pseudo-internal standard normalization.For non-matrix matched calibration,many methods can be applied,such as the femtosecond laser,line scan,low laser energy,wet plasma condition,optical setup below the sample surface,and matching the intensity of the sample and standard.In this review,we systematically summarized the above challenges and solutions to promote the study and application of LA-MC-ICP-MS in isotopic determination.展开更多
The size effects of microstructure of lattice materials on structural analysis and minimum weight design are studied with extented multiscale finite element method（EMsFEM） in the paper. With the same volume of base ...The size effects of microstructure of lattice materials on structural analysis and minimum weight design are studied with extented multiscale finite element method（EMsFEM） in the paper. With the same volume of base material and configuration, the structural displacement and maximum axial stress of micro-rod of lattice structures with different sizes of microstructure are analyzed and compared.It is pointed out that different from the traditional mathematical homogenization method, EMsFEM is suitable for analyzing the structures which is constituted with lattice materials and composed of quantities of finite-sized micro-rods.The minimum weight design of structures composed of lattice material is studied with downscaling calculation of EMsFEM under stress constraints of micro-rods. The optimal design results show that the weight of the structure increases with the decrease of the size of basic sub-unit cells. The paper presents a new approach for analysis and optimization of lattice materials in complex engineering constructions.展开更多
We present a new analytical model for electrostatically actuated microbeams to explore the size effect by using the modified couple stress theory and the minimum total potential energy principle. A material length sca...We present a new analytical model for electrostatically actuated microbeams to explore the size effect by using the modified couple stress theory and the minimum total potential energy principle. A material length scale parameter is introduced to represent the size-dependent characteristics of microbeams. This model also accounts for the nonlinearities associated with the mid-plane stretching force and the electrostatical force. Numerical analysis for microbeams with clamped-clamped and cantilevered conditions has been performed. It is found that the intensity of size effect is closely associated with the thickness of the microbeam,and smaller beam thickness displays stronger size effect and hence yields smaller deffection and larger pull-in voltage. When the beam thickness is comparable to the material length scale parameter,the size effect is significant and the present theoretical model including the material length scale parameter is adequate for predicting the static behavior of microbeam-based MEMS.展开更多
Based on the complex effective conductivity method, a closed-form expression for the internal impedance of mixed carbon nanotube （CNT） bundles, in which the number of CNTs for a given diameter follows a Gaussian dis...Based on the complex effective conductivity method, a closed-form expression for the internal impedance of mixed carbon nanotube （CNT） bundles, in which the number of CNTs for a given diameter follows a Gaussian distribution, is proposed in this paper. It can appropriately capture the skin effect as well as the temperature effect of mixed CNT bundles. The results of the closed-form expression and the numerical calculation are compared with various mean diameters, standard deviations, and temperatures. It is shown that the proposed model has very high accuracy in the whole frequency range considered, with maximum errors of 1% and 2.3% for the resistance and the internal inductance, respectively. Moreover, by using the proposed model, the high-frequency electrical characteristics of mixed CNT bundles are deeply analyzed to provide helpful design guidelines for their application in future high-performance three-dimensional integrated circuits.展开更多
The northern Indian Ocean （NIO） experienced a decadal-scale persistent warming from 1950 to 2000, which has influenced both regional and global climate. Because the NIO is a region susceptible to aerosols emis- sion...The northern Indian Ocean （NIO） experienced a decadal-scale persistent warming from 1950 to 2000, which has influenced both regional and global climate. Because the NIO is a region susceptible to aerosols emis- sion changes, and there are still large uncertainties in the representation of the aerosol indirect effect （ALE） in CMIP5 （Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5） models, it is necessary to investigate the role of the AIE in the NIO warming simulated by these models. In this study, the authors select seven CMIP5 models with both the aerosol direct and indirect effects to investigate their performance in simulating the basin-wide decadal-scale NIO warming. The results show that the decreasing trend of the downwelling shortwave flux （FSDS） at the surface has the major damping effect on the SST increasing trend, which counteracts the warming effect of greenhouse gases （GHGs）. The FSDS decreasing trend is mostly contrib- uted by the decreasing trend of cloudy-sky surface downwelling shortwave flux （FSDSCL）, a metric used to measure the strength of the AIE, and partly by the clear-sky surface downwelling shortwave flux （FSDSC）. Models with a relatively weaker AIE can simulate well the SST increasing trend, as compared to observation. In contrast, models with a relatively stronger AIE produce a much smaller magnitude of the increasing trend, indicat- ing that the strength of the AIE in these models may be overestimated in the NIO.展开更多
Insects are ectotherms and their ability to resist temperature stress is limited. The immediate effects of sub-lethal heat stress on insects are well documented, but longer- term effects of such stresses are rarely re...Insects are ectotherms and their ability to resist temperature stress is limited. The immediate effects of sub-lethal heat stress on insects are well documented, but longer- term effects of such stresses are rarely reported. In this study, survival, development and reproduction of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） （Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae） biotype B, were compared over five consecutive generations at 27, 31 and 35℃ and for one generation at 37 ℃. Both temperature and generation significantly affected the fitness of the whitefly. These impacts were more dramatic with increasing generations and temperatures. Among the experimental temperatures, the most favorable for development and reproduction were 27 ℃ and 31 ℃. At 27 ℃, survival, development and fecundity were all stable over these five generations. At 31 ℃, immature survival rate was the highest in the fifth generation, but female fecundities decreased in the fourth and fifth generations. At 35 ℃, egg hatching rate, immature survival rate and female fecundity decreased significantly in the fourth and fifth generations. At 37 ℃, survival ofB. tabaci was not adversely affected, but female fecundity at 37 ℃ was less than 10% of that at 27 ℃ or 31 ℃. These results demonstrate that the lethal high temperature for B. tabaci is over 37 ℃, and the whitefly population continued expanding in the five generations at 35 ℃. The ability orB. tabaci biotype B to survive high temperature stress will play an important role in its population extension under global warming.展开更多
We report on an eight-channel reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer based on cascaded microring resonators with a high tuning power consumption and a compact footprint. Microheaters are fabricated on top of the ...We report on an eight-channel reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer based on cascaded microring resonators with a high tuning power consumption and a compact footprint. Microheaters are fabricated on top of the microring resonators and can be modulated using the thermo-optic effect to achieve the reconfigurable functionality of the device. We demonstrate the reconfigurable add-drop multiplexing functionality for channel spacings of 1 O0 GHz and 50 GHz, with the centre wavelengths of the channels aligned to International Telecommunication Union grid specifications. The crosstalk for channel spacings of 100 GHz and 50 GHz are less than -22.5 dB and -15.5 dB, respectively. The average tuning efficiency is about 4.5 mW/nm, and the response speed is about 13.0 kHz.展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of Kuntai capsule and hormone replacement therapy in treatment of perimenopausal syndrome.METHODS: Articles were retrieved from the databases Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,Pub Med, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang Database. Only randomized controlled trials were included; 15 trials involving1243 patients were identified from January 2005 to April 2015. A systemic review and Meta-analysis of publications was performed. The review was limit-ed to randomized controlled trials that compared Kuntai capsule and hormone replacement therapy to treat perimenopausal syndrome for at least 3months. The primary outcome assessed was the treatment efficacy at 3 months, including effective rate of Kupperman menopausal scores, Kupperman menopausal scores, and blood estradiol(E2) or blood follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) levels.Other outcomes assessed were safety or adverse events, such as gastrointestinal complaints, breast distending pain, or vaginal bleeding.RESULTS: Kupperman menopausal scores showed no significant difference in effective rate [odds ratio(OR): 1.05, 95% confidence intervals(CI): 0.71 to1.55] and changes in FSH level [mean difference(MD): 2.14, 95% CI:-2.36 to 6.65]. There was a significant statistical difference in Kupperman menopausal scores(MD:-1.14, 95% CI:-2.03 to-0.25)and changes in E2level(MD:-16.41, 95% CI:-18.83to-13.69). There were fewer adverse events in the Kuntai capsule group than in the hormone replacement therapy group(OR: = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.25 to0.48, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Compared with hormone replacement therapy, Kuntai capsule can improve perimenopausal symptoms and blood E2 levels, and reduce the incidence of adverse events.
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate evidence for the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in systematic reviews.METHODS:Chinese(TCM Periodical Literature Database,Chinese Biological Medicine database,Chinese Medical Current Contents,China Hospital Knowledge Database journal fulltext database,Virtual Machining and Inspection System,and Wanfang) and English(Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,PubMed and Embase) databases were searched.RESULTS:Three thousand,nine hundred and fifty-five articles were initially identified,606 of which met the inclusion criteria,including 251 in English(83 from the Cochrane Database) and 355 in Chinese.The number of articles published each year increased between 1989 and 2009.Cardiocerebrovascular disease was the most studied target disease.Intervention measures included TCM preparations(177 articles),acupuncture(133 articles) and combinations of TCM and Western Medicine(38 articles).Control measures included positive medical(177 articles),basic treatment(100 articles),placebo(219 articles),and blank and mutual(107 articles).All articles included at least one reference;the greatest number was 268.Six of 10 articles with high quality references demonstrated curative effectsagainst target diseases including upper respiratory tract infection,dementia and depression.Interventions that were not recommended were tripterygium for rheumatoid arthritis and TCM syndrome differentiation for pediatric nocturia.In 10.4% of the studies,the authors concluded that the intervention had a curative effect.The assessors agreed with the authors' conclusions in 88.32% of cases,but rejected 8.94%(54 articles).CONCLUSION:1) Training in systematic review methods,including topic selection,study design,methods and technology,should be improved.2) Upper respiratory tract infection,dementia and depression may become the predominant diseases treated by TCM,and the corresponding interventions could be developed into practical applications.3) Use of non-recommended interventions should be controlled,and there should be more research on side effects.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2019YFA0708400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41927803)+2 种基金the MOST (Ministry of Science and Technology) Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources (No. MSFGPMR01)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2020CFA045)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences (Wuhan).
文摘The method of LA-MC-ICP-MS has become one choice for the analysis of many isotopic systems due to its relatively low cost,high analysis speed,high spatial resolution,and low matrix effect.However,there are still many challenges in the accuracy,precision,and spatial resolution of in situ isotopic composition determination by LA-MC-ICP-MS,which mainly include:(1)how to improve instrument sensitivity,further improve the spatial resolution,and achieve simultaneous determination of isotopes,multiple isotopes,or isotopes with trace elements in low-content samples?(2)how to deduct and correct interference to improve the accuracy of isotopic determination?(3)how to correct isotope fractionation?(4)how to reduce the matrix effect of isotopes?how to develop matrix-matched reference materials?and(5)how to achieve non-matrix-matched correction of isotopes?The high-sensitivity cone combinations,gas mixture,shield torch,and reasonable detector array can be applied to improve the elemental sensitivity.The interferences include the background interference and the interferences from the matrix elements(the isobaric interference,the polyatomic interference,and doubly charged ions interference).To reduce or even eliminate the interference,commonly used methods including interference elimination,background correction,and interference correction by evaluating with an interference-free isotope.Isotopic fractionation correction mainly involves external standard calibration and internal and pseudo-internal standard normalization.For non-matrix matched calibration,many methods can be applied,such as the femtosecond laser,line scan,low laser energy,wet plasma condition,optical setup below the sample surface,and matching the intensity of the sample and standard.In this review,we systematically summarized the above challenges and solutions to promote the study and application of LA-MC-ICP-MS in isotopic determination.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11372060,10902018,91216201,and 11326005)the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB610304)the Major National Science and Technology Project(2011ZX02403-002)
文摘The size effects of microstructure of lattice materials on structural analysis and minimum weight design are studied with extented multiscale finite element method（EMsFEM） in the paper. With the same volume of base material and configuration, the structural displacement and maximum axial stress of micro-rod of lattice structures with different sizes of microstructure are analyzed and compared.It is pointed out that different from the traditional mathematical homogenization method, EMsFEM is suitable for analyzing the structures which is constituted with lattice materials and composed of quantities of finite-sized micro-rods.The minimum weight design of structures composed of lattice material is studied with downscaling calculation of EMsFEM under stress constraints of micro-rods. The optimal design results show that the weight of the structure increases with the decrease of the size of basic sub-unit cells. The paper presents a new approach for analysis and optimization of lattice materials in complex engineering constructions.
文摘We present a new analytical model for electrostatically actuated microbeams to explore the size effect by using the modified couple stress theory and the minimum total potential energy principle. A material length scale parameter is introduced to represent the size-dependent characteristics of microbeams. This model also accounts for the nonlinearities associated with the mid-plane stretching force and the electrostatical force. Numerical analysis for microbeams with clamped-clamped and cantilevered conditions has been performed. It is found that the intensity of size effect is closely associated with the thickness of the microbeam,and smaller beam thickness displays stronger size effect and hence yields smaller deffection and larger pull-in voltage. When the beam thickness is comparable to the material length scale parameter,the size effect is significant and the present theoretical model including the material length scale parameter is adequate for predicting the static behavior of microbeam-based MEMS.
基金Project supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.2015ZX03001004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61604113,61625403,61334003,61376039,61574104,and 61474088)
文摘Based on the complex effective conductivity method, a closed-form expression for the internal impedance of mixed carbon nanotube （CNT） bundles, in which the number of CNTs for a given diameter follows a Gaussian distribution, is proposed in this paper. It can appropriately capture the skin effect as well as the temperature effect of mixed CNT bundles. The results of the closed-form expression and the numerical calculation are compared with various mean diameters, standard deviations, and temperatures. It is shown that the proposed model has very high accuracy in the whole frequency range considered, with maximum errors of 1% and 2.3% for the resistance and the internal inductance, respectively. Moreover, by using the proposed model, the high-frequency electrical characteristics of mixed CNT bundles are deeply analyzed to provide helpful design guidelines for their application in future high-performance three-dimensional integrated circuits.
基金supported by Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA05110304)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Project, Grant No. 2010CB951904)
文摘The northern Indian Ocean （NIO） experienced a decadal-scale persistent warming from 1950 to 2000, which has influenced both regional and global climate. Because the NIO is a region susceptible to aerosols emis- sion changes, and there are still large uncertainties in the representation of the aerosol indirect effect （ALE） in CMIP5 （Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5） models, it is necessary to investigate the role of the AIE in the NIO warming simulated by these models. In this study, the authors select seven CMIP5 models with both the aerosol direct and indirect effects to investigate their performance in simulating the basin-wide decadal-scale NIO warming. The results show that the decreasing trend of the downwelling shortwave flux （FSDS） at the surface has the major damping effect on the SST increasing trend, which counteracts the warming effect of greenhouse gases （GHGs）. The FSDS decreasing trend is mostly contrib- uted by the decreasing trend of cloudy-sky surface downwelling shortwave flux （FSDSCL）, a metric used to measure the strength of the AIE, and partly by the clear-sky surface downwelling shortwave flux （FSDSC）. Models with a relatively weaker AIE can simulate well the SST increasing trend, as compared to observation. In contrast, models with a relatively stronger AIE produce a much smaller magnitude of the increasing trend, indicat- ing that the strength of the AIE in these models may be overestimated in the NIO.
文摘Insects are ectotherms and their ability to resist temperature stress is limited. The immediate effects of sub-lethal heat stress on insects are well documented, but longer- term effects of such stresses are rarely reported. In this study, survival, development and reproduction of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） （Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae） biotype B, were compared over five consecutive generations at 27, 31 and 35℃ and for one generation at 37 ℃. Both temperature and generation significantly affected the fitness of the whitefly. These impacts were more dramatic with increasing generations and temperatures. Among the experimental temperatures, the most favorable for development and reproduction were 27 ℃ and 31 ℃. At 27 ℃, survival, development and fecundity were all stable over these five generations. At 31 ℃, immature survival rate was the highest in the fifth generation, but female fecundities decreased in the fourth and fifth generations. At 35 ℃, egg hatching rate, immature survival rate and female fecundity decreased significantly in the fourth and fifth generations. At 37 ℃, survival ofB. tabaci was not adversely affected, but female fecundity at 37 ℃ was less than 10% of that at 27 ℃ or 31 ℃. These results demonstrate that the lethal high temperature for B. tabaci is over 37 ℃, and the whitefly population continued expanding in the five generations at 35 ℃. The ability orB. tabaci biotype B to survive high temperature stress will play an important role in its population extension under global warming.
文摘We report on an eight-channel reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer based on cascaded microring resonators with a high tuning power consumption and a compact footprint. Microheaters are fabricated on top of the microring resonators and can be modulated using the thermo-optic effect to achieve the reconfigurable functionality of the device. We demonstrate the reconfigurable add-drop multiplexing functionality for channel spacings of 1 O0 GHz and 50 GHz, with the centre wavelengths of the channels aligned to International Telecommunication Union grid specifications. The crosstalk for channel spacings of 100 GHz and 50 GHz are less than -22.5 dB and -15.5 dB, respectively. The average tuning efficiency is about 4.5 mW/nm, and the response speed is about 13.0 kHz.
