Metal-organic framework(MOF)nanosheets and covalent organic framework(COF)nanosheets as emerging porous materials nanosheets have captured increasing attention owing to their attractive properties originating from the...Metal-organic framework(MOF)nanosheets and covalent organic framework(COF)nanosheets as emerging porous materials nanosheets have captured increasing attention owing to their attractive properties originating from the advantages of large lateral size,ultrathin thickness,tailorable physiochemical environment,flexibility and highly accessible active sites on surface,and the applications of them have been explored in a wide range of fields.Although MOF and COF nanosheets own many similar properties,their applications in various fields show significant differences,probably due to their different compositions and bonding modes.Hence,we summarize the recent progress of MOF and COF nanosheets by comparative analysis on their advantages and limitations in synthesis and applications,providing a more profound and full-scale perspective for researchers or beginners to understand this field.Herein,the categories of preparation methods of MOF and COF nanosheets are firstly discussed,including top-down and bottom-up methods.Secondly,the applications of MOF and COF nanosheets for separation,catalysis,sensing and energy storage are summarized.Finally,based on current achievements,we put forward our personal insights into the challenges and outlooks on the synthesis,characterizations,and promising applications for future research of MOF and COF nanosheets.展开更多
Background:Statins are the cornerstone of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)-lowering therapy;however,the therapeutic efficacy of statins in countering atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)is compromis...Background:Statins are the cornerstone of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)-lowering therapy;however,the therapeutic efficacy of statins in countering atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)is compromised by the concurrent elevation of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9),a pivotal molecule that increases LDL-C levels.Aerobic exercise lowers PCSK9 levels,but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.Therefore,we investigated how aerobic exercise can ameliorate statin-induced increases in PCSK9 levels.Methods:Three-week-old male American Institute of Cancer Research(ICR)mice were fed a high-fat-cholesterol diet(HFD)for 12 weeks and then administered atorvastatin alone or atorvastatin combined with aerobic exercise(Statin+Ex).Moreover,a total of 165 participants with stable coronary heart disease(CHD)enrolled at the Inpatient and Outpatient Departments of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,China,from January 2018 to July 2020 were randomized into the Statin group(male/female=51/33)and Statin+Ex group(male/female=52/29).Patients in the Statin+Ex group underwent treadmill exercise of 45-60 min/day for 7 days.Results:Aerobic exercise effectively alleviated statin-induced PCSK9 upregulation in human patients with CHD and hypercholesterolemic ICR mice(all p<0.05).Mechanistically,our findings revealed that aerobic exercise induced elevated epoxyeicosatrienoic acids(EETs)plasma levels while concurrently reducing the activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase(sEH)(all p<0.05),an enzyme responsible for EETs degradation.Further,EETs significantly suppressed PCSK9 expression,subsequently reducing the LDL-C levels(all p<0.05);this effect was mediated via the activation of the forkhead box O3a-silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 6(FoxO3a-Sirt6)axis,with no impact on the sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase(SREBP2-HMGCR)pathway.Conclusion:Our study sheds light on the paradigm of"Exercise is Medicine",providing evidence to support the use of statins combined with exercise in reducing LDL-C levels,and unveils potential avenues for clinical applications of sEH inhibitors,presenting novel prospects for therapeutic interventions in ASCVD.展开更多
异化铁还原菌具有独特的胞外电子传递功能,直接影响多种元素的生物化学地球循环。在自然环境中,微生物常被吸附于矿物表面形成生物被膜,并以此方式与矿物相互作用。为了利用不同含铁矿物以适应环境多样性,微生物进化出了由c型细胞色素...异化铁还原菌具有独特的胞外电子传递功能,直接影响多种元素的生物化学地球循环。在自然环境中,微生物常被吸附于矿物表面形成生物被膜,并以此方式与矿物相互作用。为了利用不同含铁矿物以适应环境多样性,微生物进化出了由c型细胞色素组成的多种胞外电子传递途径。微生物如何调节胞外电子传递网络是一个重要问题。近年来相关研究表明,环二鸟苷酸(c-di-GMP)和环鸟苷腺苷酸(c-di-GAMP)在调节Geobacter spp.等异化铁还原菌的胞外电子传递(extracellular electron transfer,EET)中发挥着重要的作用。以异化铁还原菌模式菌株(地杆菌属)为例,首先介绍了其胞外电子传递机制;其次介绍了地杆菌生物被膜的形成及其胞外基质;最后介绍了环二核苷酸信号分子对胞外电子传递过程中的调控作用。此外,综述了环二核苷酸信号分子对地杆菌的调控作用在环境、能源领域中的应用。展开更多
Salvianolic acids,including salvianolic acid A(SAA)and salvianolic acid B(SAB),are.the main water-soluble bioactive compounds isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Danshen and have been shown to exert in vitro and ...Salvianolic acids,including salvianolic acid A(SAA)and salvianolic acid B(SAB),are.the main water-soluble bioactive compounds isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Danshen and have been shown to exert in vitro and in vivo cardiovascular protection.Recent studies suggest that epoxyeicosatrienoic acids(EETs),the primary cytochrome P4502J(CYP2J)epoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid,are involved in the progression of ischemic injury in diverse organs.Here,we investigated the relation between the protective effects of salvianolic acids and EETs/sEH as well as MAPK signaling pathway.In the present study,the rat acute myocardial infarction(AMI)model was established by the left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion.Our results showed that salvianolic acids significantly reduced ST-segment elevation and serum levels of CK-MB,LDH,and ALT in AMI rats,and significantly attenuated the caspase 3 expression and reduced the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2.ELISA measurement showed that salvianolic acids significantly increased the 14,15-EET levels in blood and heart,and attenuated hydrolase activity of sEH in heart of AMI rat.Western blotting analysis suggested that salvianolic acids significantly attenuated the phosphorylation of JNK and p38,and increased phosphorylation of ERK in heart.In conclusion,these results indicate that EETs/sEH and MAPK signaling pathways are important processes in cardioprotection of salvianolic acids.展开更多
Cytochrome P450 monoxygenase converts arachionic acid to four epoxyeicosatrienoic acid regiosomes: 5,6-EET(epoxyeicosatrienoic acid);8,9-EET; 11,12-EET and 14,15-EET.Recent studies show that EETs are involved in signa...Cytochrome P450 monoxygenase converts arachionic acid to four epoxyeicosatrienoic acid regiosomes: 5,6-EET(epoxyeicosatrienoic acid);8,9-EET; 11,12-EET and 14,15-EET.Recent studies show that EETs are involved in signal transduction. EETs open Ca 2+ -sensitive K + channel and inhibit Na + channel,Ca 2+ -sensitive Cl - channel and so on. What is more ,EETs have been demonstrated to activate PP60 c-src and initiate a tyrosine kinase cascade that mediates mitogenic effects.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.21625401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21727808,21971114).
文摘Metal-organic framework(MOF)nanosheets and covalent organic framework(COF)nanosheets as emerging porous materials nanosheets have captured increasing attention owing to their attractive properties originating from the advantages of large lateral size,ultrathin thickness,tailorable physiochemical environment,flexibility and highly accessible active sites on surface,and the applications of them have been explored in a wide range of fields.Although MOF and COF nanosheets own many similar properties,their applications in various fields show significant differences,probably due to their different compositions and bonding modes.Hence,we summarize the recent progress of MOF and COF nanosheets by comparative analysis on their advantages and limitations in synthesis and applications,providing a more profound and full-scale perspective for researchers or beginners to understand this field.Herein,the categories of preparation methods of MOF and COF nanosheets are firstly discussed,including top-down and bottom-up methods.Secondly,the applications of MOF and COF nanosheets for separation,catalysis,sensing and energy storage are summarized.Finally,based on current achievements,we put forward our personal insights into the challenges and outlooks on the synthesis,characterizations,and promising applications for future research of MOF and COF nanosheets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81871858 and No.82172550).
文摘Background:Statins are the cornerstone of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)-lowering therapy;however,the therapeutic efficacy of statins in countering atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)is compromised by the concurrent elevation of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9),a pivotal molecule that increases LDL-C levels.Aerobic exercise lowers PCSK9 levels,but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.Therefore,we investigated how aerobic exercise can ameliorate statin-induced increases in PCSK9 levels.Methods:Three-week-old male American Institute of Cancer Research(ICR)mice were fed a high-fat-cholesterol diet(HFD)for 12 weeks and then administered atorvastatin alone or atorvastatin combined with aerobic exercise(Statin+Ex).Moreover,a total of 165 participants with stable coronary heart disease(CHD)enrolled at the Inpatient and Outpatient Departments of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,China,from January 2018 to July 2020 were randomized into the Statin group(male/female=51/33)and Statin+Ex group(male/female=52/29).Patients in the Statin+Ex group underwent treadmill exercise of 45-60 min/day for 7 days.Results:Aerobic exercise effectively alleviated statin-induced PCSK9 upregulation in human patients with CHD and hypercholesterolemic ICR mice(all p<0.05).Mechanistically,our findings revealed that aerobic exercise induced elevated epoxyeicosatrienoic acids(EETs)plasma levels while concurrently reducing the activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase(sEH)(all p<0.05),an enzyme responsible for EETs degradation.Further,EETs significantly suppressed PCSK9 expression,subsequently reducing the LDL-C levels(all p<0.05);this effect was mediated via the activation of the forkhead box O3a-silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 6(FoxO3a-Sirt6)axis,with no impact on the sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase(SREBP2-HMGCR)pathway.Conclusion:Our study sheds light on the paradigm of"Exercise is Medicine",providing evidence to support the use of statins combined with exercise in reducing LDL-C levels,and unveils potential avenues for clinical applications of sEH inhibitors,presenting novel prospects for therapeutic interventions in ASCVD.
文摘异化铁还原菌具有独特的胞外电子传递功能,直接影响多种元素的生物化学地球循环。在自然环境中,微生物常被吸附于矿物表面形成生物被膜,并以此方式与矿物相互作用。为了利用不同含铁矿物以适应环境多样性,微生物进化出了由c型细胞色素组成的多种胞外电子传递途径。微生物如何调节胞外电子传递网络是一个重要问题。近年来相关研究表明,环二鸟苷酸(c-di-GMP)和环鸟苷腺苷酸(c-di-GAMP)在调节Geobacter spp.等异化铁还原菌的胞外电子传递(extracellular electron transfer,EET)中发挥着重要的作用。以异化铁还原菌模式菌株(地杆菌属)为例,首先介绍了其胞外电子传递机制;其次介绍了地杆菌生物被膜的形成及其胞外基质;最后介绍了环二核苷酸信号分子对胞外电子传递过程中的调控作用。此外,综述了环二核苷酸信号分子对地杆菌的调控作用在环境、能源领域中的应用。
基金The study was supported by the National Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China(Grant No.81202538).
文摘Salvianolic acids,including salvianolic acid A(SAA)and salvianolic acid B(SAB),are.the main water-soluble bioactive compounds isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Danshen and have been shown to exert in vitro and in vivo cardiovascular protection.Recent studies suggest that epoxyeicosatrienoic acids(EETs),the primary cytochrome P4502J(CYP2J)epoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid,are involved in the progression of ischemic injury in diverse organs.Here,we investigated the relation between the protective effects of salvianolic acids and EETs/sEH as well as MAPK signaling pathway.In the present study,the rat acute myocardial infarction(AMI)model was established by the left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion.Our results showed that salvianolic acids significantly reduced ST-segment elevation and serum levels of CK-MB,LDH,and ALT in AMI rats,and significantly attenuated the caspase 3 expression and reduced the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2.ELISA measurement showed that salvianolic acids significantly increased the 14,15-EET levels in blood and heart,and attenuated hydrolase activity of sEH in heart of AMI rat.Western blotting analysis suggested that salvianolic acids significantly attenuated the phosphorylation of JNK and p38,and increased phosphorylation of ERK in heart.In conclusion,these results indicate that EETs/sEH and MAPK signaling pathways are important processes in cardioprotection of salvianolic acids.
文摘Cytochrome P450 monoxygenase converts arachionic acid to four epoxyeicosatrienoic acid regiosomes: 5,6-EET(epoxyeicosatrienoic acid);8,9-EET; 11,12-EET and 14,15-EET.Recent studies show that EETs are involved in signal transduction. EETs open Ca 2+ -sensitive K + channel and inhibit Na + channel,Ca 2+ -sensitive Cl - channel and so on. What is more ,EETs have been demonstrated to activate PP60 c-src and initiate a tyrosine kinase cascade that mediates mitogenic effects.
