Translation is not only the process of transforming langue form, but also the process of interacting one thinking means and concept with another. Moreover, so as to ensure accuracy of translation, one needs to compreh...Translation is not only the process of transforming langue form, but also the process of interacting one thinking means and concept with another. Moreover, so as to ensure accuracy of translation, one needs to comprehend the sense of words in the source language correctly, and take appropriate approach to resolve the differences between Chinese and English through analyzing the causes. Therefore, this paper will study the differences of sense of words between English and Chinese in translation.展开更多
为保证电力系统可靠运行,日前机组组合应考虑电网中不确定性因素所带来的风险。大规模风电并网给电力系统运行引入了更多的不确定性,电网互联一定程度上可削弱风电不确定性对电网运行的影响,但同时也增大了日前机组组合问题的复杂度。...为保证电力系统可靠运行,日前机组组合应考虑电网中不确定性因素所带来的风险。大规模风电并网给电力系统运行引入了更多的不确定性,电网互联一定程度上可削弱风电不确定性对电网运行的影响,但同时也增大了日前机组组合问题的复杂度。为了在有限的计算时间内获取计及风险的可行的机组组合方案,需要筛选典型场景来衡量电网运行风险。在风电、负荷预测误差的基础上设置了互联电网机组、联络线强迫停运场景集,构建了互联电网弃风电量期望(expected wind power curtailed,EWPC)和电量不足期望(expected energy not supplied,EENS)风险量化指标,并将其以罚函数的形式引入目标函数,建立了计及多场景运行风险的多区域互联电网安全约束机组组合模型,经两区域12节点系统验证了机组组合策略的正确性和有效性。展开更多
Nowadays,utilities aim to find methods for improving the reliability of distribution systems and satisfying the customers by providing the continuity of power supply.Different methodologies exist for utilities to impr...Nowadays,utilities aim to find methods for improving the reliability of distribution systems and satisfying the customers by providing the continuity of power supply.Different methodologies exist for utilities to improve the reliability of network.In this paper,demand response(DR)programs and smart charging/discharging of plug-in electric vehicles(PEVs)are investigated for improving the reliability of radial distribution systems adopting particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm.Such analysis is accomplished due to the positive effects of both DR and PEVs for dealing with emerging challenges of the world such as fossil fuel reserves reduction,urban air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.Additionally,the prioritization of DR and PEVs is presented for improving the reliability and analyzing the characteristics of distribution networks.The reliability analysis is performed in terms of loss of load expectation(LOLE)and expected energy not served(EENS)indexes,where the characteristics contain load profile,load peak,voltage profile and energy loss.Numerical simulations are accomplished to assess the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed scheme.展开更多
This paper presents a security constrained unit commitment(SCUC)suitable for power systems with a large share of wind energy.The deterministic spinning reserve requirement is supplemented by an adjustable fraction of ...This paper presents a security constrained unit commitment(SCUC)suitable for power systems with a large share of wind energy.The deterministic spinning reserve requirement is supplemented by an adjustable fraction of the expected shortfall from the supply of wind electric generators(WEGs),computed using the stochastic feature of wind and loosely represented in the security constraint with scenarios.The optimization tool commits and dispatches generating units while simultaneously determining the geographical procurement of the required spinning reserve as well as load-following ramping reserve,by mixed integer quadratic programming(MIQP).Case studies are used to investigate various effects of grid integration on reducing the overall operation costs associated with more wind power in the system.展开更多
文摘Translation is not only the process of transforming langue form, but also the process of interacting one thinking means and concept with another. Moreover, so as to ensure accuracy of translation, one needs to comprehend the sense of words in the source language correctly, and take appropriate approach to resolve the differences between Chinese and English through analyzing the causes. Therefore, this paper will study the differences of sense of words between English and Chinese in translation.
文摘为保证电力系统可靠运行,日前机组组合应考虑电网中不确定性因素所带来的风险。大规模风电并网给电力系统运行引入了更多的不确定性,电网互联一定程度上可削弱风电不确定性对电网运行的影响,但同时也增大了日前机组组合问题的复杂度。为了在有限的计算时间内获取计及风险的可行的机组组合方案,需要筛选典型场景来衡量电网运行风险。在风电、负荷预测误差的基础上设置了互联电网机组、联络线强迫停运场景集,构建了互联电网弃风电量期望(expected wind power curtailed,EWPC)和电量不足期望(expected energy not supplied,EENS)风险量化指标,并将其以罚函数的形式引入目标函数,建立了计及多场景运行风险的多区域互联电网安全约束机组组合模型,经两区域12节点系统验证了机组组合策略的正确性和有效性。
文摘Nowadays,utilities aim to find methods for improving the reliability of distribution systems and satisfying the customers by providing the continuity of power supply.Different methodologies exist for utilities to improve the reliability of network.In this paper,demand response(DR)programs and smart charging/discharging of plug-in electric vehicles(PEVs)are investigated for improving the reliability of radial distribution systems adopting particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm.Such analysis is accomplished due to the positive effects of both DR and PEVs for dealing with emerging challenges of the world such as fossil fuel reserves reduction,urban air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.Additionally,the prioritization of DR and PEVs is presented for improving the reliability and analyzing the characteristics of distribution networks.The reliability analysis is performed in terms of loss of load expectation(LOLE)and expected energy not served(EENS)indexes,where the characteristics contain load profile,load peak,voltage profile and energy loss.Numerical simulations are accomplished to assess the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed scheme.
文摘This paper presents a security constrained unit commitment(SCUC)suitable for power systems with a large share of wind energy.The deterministic spinning reserve requirement is supplemented by an adjustable fraction of the expected shortfall from the supply of wind electric generators(WEGs),computed using the stochastic feature of wind and loosely represented in the security constraint with scenarios.The optimization tool commits and dispatches generating units while simultaneously determining the geographical procurement of the required spinning reserve as well as load-following ramping reserve,by mixed integer quadratic programming(MIQP).Case studies are used to investigate various effects of grid integration on reducing the overall operation costs associated with more wind power in the system.
