Expression vector p301-bG1 contains a Sw gene and a bialaphos resistance gene both driven by glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene promoter isolated from Lentinus edodes ( Berk.) Sing. Using p301-bG1, P...Expression vector p301-bG1 contains a Sw gene and a bialaphos resistance gene both driven by glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene promoter isolated from Lentinus edodes ( Berk.) Sing. Using p301-bG1, PEG-mediated transformation of protoplast of L. edodes was studied. Mixed with PEG-purified plasmid DNA, the protoplasts of L. edodes were treated with PEG solution and cultured on CYM regeneration plate containing 40 mug/mL bialaphos. Bialaphos-resistant and GUS-positive transformants were obtained using this transformation system. Although the transformation efficiency was relatively low, the protocols release large expenses on expensive instrument and restriction enzymes, providing a simple and economical method for mushroom breeding at the molecular level.展开更多
The hydroxyl radical（-OH）-scavenging ability of culture filtrates from submerged culture of Lentinula edodes AX3 and five mildews on lignocellulose substance was analysed. Only L. edodes AX3 showed significant -OH-s...The hydroxyl radical（-OH）-scavenging ability of culture filtrates from submerged culture of Lentinula edodes AX3 and five mildews on lignocellulose substance was analysed. Only L. edodes AX3 showed significant -OH-scavenging ability which reached 52.2% at about the 48th hour. All mildews could hardly scavenge -OH under the experimental conditions. -OH-scavenging ability is considered related to the mode and ability of lignocellulose degradation of a strain. The degradation or bioconversion products might be the substance base for.this effect.展开更多
An experimental study was performed to determine the characteristics and drying process of mushroom （Lentinus edodes） by 6 different hot-air drying methods namely isothermal drying, uniform raise drying, non-uniform...An experimental study was performed to determine the characteristics and drying process of mushroom （Lentinus edodes） by 6 different hot-air drying methods namely isothermal drying, uniform raise drying, non-uniform raise drying, uniform intermittent drying, non-uniform intermittent drying and combined drying. The chemical composition （dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude fat, total sugars, dietary fiber, and energy）, color parameters （L, a＊, b＊, c＊, and h~） and rehydration capacities were determined. Among all the experiments, non-uniform intermittent drying reached a better comprehensive results due to the higher chemical composition, better color quality associated with high bright （26.381＋5.842）, high color tone （73.670＋2.975）, low chroma （13.349a：3.456） as well as the highest rehydration （453.76% weigh of dried body）. Nine kinds of classical mathematical model were used to obtained moisture data and the Midili-kucuk model can be described by the drying process with the coefficient （R2 ranged from 0.99790 to 0.99967）, chi-square （X2 ranged from 0.00003 to 0.00019） and root mean square error （RMSE ranged from 0.000486 to 0.0012367）.展开更多
Lentinan samples,(1→3)-β-D-glucans containing 4.6-15.2 wt%proteins,coded as L-I_1 L-I_2 L-I_3 and L-I_4(L-I)were isolated from four kinds of Lentinus edodes.These glucans were treated with acetone to remove the prot...Lentinan samples,(1→3)-β-D-glucans containing 4.6-15.2 wt%proteins,coded as L-I_1 L-I_2 L-I_3 and L-I_4(L-I)were isolated from four kinds of Lentinus edodes.These glucans were treated with acetone to remove the protein in orderto obtain free protein glucans coded as LNP-I_1,LNP-I_2.LNP-I_3 and LNP-I_4(LNP-I).The free-protein polysaccharideswere sulfated to give derivatives(S-LNP-I)with degree of substitution(DS)from 0.4-0.8.The structural features andweight-average molecular weight(M_w)of the samples were investigated by using infrared spectroscopy,elemental analysis,^(13)C-NMR,size exclusion chromatography combined with laser light scattering(SEC-LLS)and viscometry.The effects ofstructure and conformation of the polysaccharides on antitumor activities were assayed in vivo(Sarcoma 180 solid tumors)and in vitro(Sarcoma 180,HL-60,MCF-7 and Vero tumors).The results indicated that the predominant species of thesamples L-I and LNP-I in 0.2 mol/L NaCl aqueous solution existed as triple-helical chains with high rigidity and in dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)as single-flexible chains.Interestingly,the antitumor activities of LNP-I are lower than those of the nativeglucans(L-I),whereas their sulfated derivatives have higher inhibition ratio against Sarcoma 180 than LNP-I.The resultsreveal that the binding of protein,sulfated modification and the triple helix conformation are important factors in theenhancement of the antitumor activities of polysaccharides on the whole.展开更多
Plant-based fermentations provide an untapped source for novel biotechnological applications.In this study,a probiotic named Lactobacillus fermentum 21828 was introduced to ferment Lentinus edodes.Polysaccharides were...Plant-based fermentations provide an untapped source for novel biotechnological applications.In this study,a probiotic named Lactobacillus fermentum 21828 was introduced to ferment Lentinus edodes.Polysaccharides were extracted from fermented and non-fermented L.edodes and purified via DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100.The components designated F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a were analyzed by FT-IR,HPGPC,HPAEC,SEM,GC-MS and NMR.The results revealed that probiotic fermentation increased the molecular weight from 1.16×10^(4) Da to 1.87×10^(4) Da and altered the proportions of glucose,galactose and mannose,in which glucose increased from 45.94%to 48.16%.Methylation analysis and NMR spectra indicated that F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a had similar linkage patterns.Furthermore,their immunomodulatory activities were evaluated with immunosuppressive mice.NF-LEP and F-LEP improved immune organ indices,immunoglobulin(Ig G and Ig M)and cytokines concentrations;restored the antioxidation capacity of liver;and maintained the balance of gut microbiota.F-LEP displayed better moderating effects on the spleen index,immunoglobulin,cytokines and the diversity of gut microbiota than NF-LEP(200,400 mg/kg).Our study provides an efficient and environment-friendly way for the structural modification of polysaccharides,which helps to enhance their biological activity and promote their wide application in food,medicine and other fields.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effect of the common treatment methods in family kitchen on the cadmium(Cd)content,bioaccessibility and the biological activity of the Lentinula edodes.Methods The content of heavy metal f...Objective To investigate the effect of the common treatment methods in family kitchen on the cadmium(Cd)content,bioaccessibility and the biological activity of the Lentinula edodes.Methods The content of heavy metal from different parts of Lentinula edodes by household acid,alkali soaking and boiling were detected by atomic absorption,bioaccessibility of exceeded Cd were studied,the change of biological activity by different treatments were detected by electron spin resonance(ESR).Results The results showed that the content of Cd in caps was higher than that in stipes,both were also above the national maximum limiting values.Soaking or boiling with weak acid solution decreased the content of cadmium markedly in both caps and stipes.Based on ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)in vitro extraction,Cd bioaccessibility was measured to show that Cd available in gastric stage was much more than that in intestinal stage,indicating both adult and children had 4~5 times health risk compared to provisional tolerable daily intake value.Within certain concentration,antioxidant activity of both superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals in treated caps or stipes decreased greatly compared to untreated ones.At the same concentration(5 mg/m L),scavenging superoxide radicals in caps treated with 1%NaHCO_(3)and 1%CH_(3)COOH were enhanced markedly while to hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,only in 1%CH_(3)COOH treated caps increased significantly.Conclusion Soaking and boiling with 1%CH_(3)COOH decreased the content of Cd markedly in Lentinula edodes,the bioaccessibility of Cd in gastric was higher than that in intestinal simulation,and health risk was 4~5 times of Cd maximum tolerance value for adult and children respectively.The free radical scavenging activity of Lentinula edodes decreased after treatment with 1%NaHCO_(3)or 1%CH_(3)COOH below the concentration at 5 mg/m L.展开更多
China is currently the world＇s leading producer of Lentinula edodes and owns many cultivated strains of this species. This study was performed in order to investigate intergenic spacer I （IGS1） polymorphism and cla...China is currently the world＇s leading producer of Lentinula edodes and owns many cultivated strains of this species. This study was performed in order to investigate intergenic spacer I （IGS1） polymorphism and classification among 49 popular cultivated strains. The great majority of the 49 strains possessed two different IGS1 sequences, with distinct lengths and homologies. Based on the length and homology of the IGS1 sequences of the 49 strains, the strains were classified into two groups： A and B. Group A was subdivided into six subgroups. Forty-seven strains were homozygous or heterozygous among these six subgroups in group A, Cr01 was heterozygous between A and B, and Guangxiang 9 was homozygous in group B. An IGS1 polymorphism map of each cultivated L. edodes strain is reported for the first time and could be used as a marker for the initial classification and management of cultivated L. edodes strains in China.展开更多
Objective:To determine the effect of Lentinula edodes extract on ultraviolet(UV)A and UVB-induced changes in matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)and type I procollagen expression using human immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes....Objective:To determine the effect of Lentinula edodes extract on ultraviolet(UV)A and UVB-induced changes in matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)and type I procollagen expression using human immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes.Methods:Lentinula edodes ethanol extract(LEE)was obtained by extraction with 80%ethanol for 4 h at 80℃.Effect of LEE on UVinduced alteration on the expression and production of MMPs and type I procollagen in keratinocytes was investigated using ELISA,RT-PCR,and Western blotting assay.To determine the underlying mechanism of LEE-mediated effects,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and activator protein 1 signaling pathways were analysed by Western blotting assay.Results:LEE significantly inhibited the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 and increased the expression of type I procollagen in UVA and UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes.The phosphorylation levels of p38 were significantly inhibited by LEE whereas it did not affect c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation.Suppression of p38 phosphorylation was also accompanied by downregulation of UVA and UVB-induced increase in c-Fos.Conclusions:LEE effectively inhibits the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 and increases type I procollagen production through the p38 MAPK/c-Fos signaling pathway in UVA and UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes.This findings suggest that Lentinula edodes may be developed as a cosmetic material to suppress UV exposuremediated skin aging.展开更多
This study prepared 17 strains of Lentinula edodes, including wild and cultivated strains as materials, and statistically analyzed the ratios of spores from different aspects via mating types＇ analysis and the OWE-SO...This study prepared 17 strains of Lentinula edodes, including wild and cultivated strains as materials, and statistically analyzed the ratios of spores from different aspects via mating types＇ analysis and the OWE-SOJ technique. The results from this study first systematically identified skewed expected distribution of mating-type factors segregation in Lentinula edodes spores has commonly statistical meanings in wild and cultivated strains. Genetic analysis of positive and negative parental-recombined fruiting showed that the nuclear type of F1 progeny spores among those strains segregated through theoretical distribution mainly depended on the combined state of parental dikaryons, and the predominant spores were those with the mating type identical to the dikaryotic parent, indicating that the genetic basis of segregation distortion of spores is different from that of protoplast monokaryons in which the B factor takes predominant responsibility for that phenomenon, and it cooperates A factor with B factor to influence the ratio of spores.展开更多
In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of Lentinula edodes logs contamination identification,an improved YOLOv5s contamination identification model for Lentinula edodes logs(YOLOv5s-CGGS)is proposed in this p...In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of Lentinula edodes logs contamination identification,an improved YOLOv5s contamination identification model for Lentinula edodes logs(YOLOv5s-CGGS)is proposed in this paper.Firstly,a CA(coordinate attention)mechanism is introduced in the feature extraction network of YOLOv5s to improve the identifiability of Lentinula edodes logs contamination and the accuracy of target localiza-tion.Then,the CIoU(Complete-IOU)loss function is replaced by an SIoU(SCYLLA-IoU)loss function to improve the model’s convergence speed and inference accuracy.Finally,the GSConv and GhostConv modules are used to improve and optimize the feature fusion network to improve identification efficiency.The method in this paper achieves values of 97.83%,97.20%,and 98.20%in precision,recall,and mAP@0.5,which are 2.33%,3.0%,and 1.5%better than YOLOv5s,respectively.mAP@0.5 is better than YOLOv4,Ghost-YOLOv4,and Mobilenetv3-YOLOv4(improved by 4.61%,5.16%,and 6.04%,respectively),and the FPS increased by two to three times.展开更多
Lentinula edodes?is a macrofungus with great potential for therapeutic applications and serves as a model for investigating functional fungi properties and isolating pure compounds for pharmaceutical use. Mushrooms ha...Lentinula edodes?is a macrofungus with great potential for therapeutic applications and serves as a model for investigating functional fungi properties and isolating pure compounds for pharmaceutical use. Mushrooms have a great nutritional value and present medicinal molecules including polysaccharides, terpenoids, sterols and lipids, that participate actively in several human disorders and modulate mechanisms involved in the immune system regulation. This review will focus on general nutritional compounds and pharmacological properties of L. edodes.展开更多
Critical concentrations of α-(1→3)-D-glucan L-FV-Ⅱ from Lentinus edodes were studied by viscometry andfluorescence probe techniques. The dependence of the reduced viscosity on concentration of the glucan in 0.5 mol...Critical concentrations of α-(1→3)-D-glucan L-FV-Ⅱ from Lentinus edodes were studied by viscometry andfluorescence probe techniques. The dependence of the reduced viscosity on concentration of the glucan in 0.5 mol/L NaOHaqueous solutions with or without urea showed two turning points corresponding to the dynamic contact concentration c_s andthe overlap concentration c~* of the polymer. The values of c_s and c~* were found to be 1×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) and 1.1×10^(-2) g cm^(-3),respectively, for L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solutions. The two critical concentrations of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/LNaOH aqueous solutions were also found to be 1.2×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) fbr c_s and 9.2×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) for c~* from the concentrationdependence of phenanthrene fluorescence intensities. The overlap concentration c~* of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueoussolutions was lower than that of polystyrene with same molecular weight in benzene, owing to the fact that polysaccharidetends to undergo aggregation caused by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. A normal viscosity behavior of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L urea/0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solutions can still be observed in an extremely low concentration range at 25℃.展开更多
The effect of Lentinula edodes water extract(LE)on two osteoblastic cell cultures(HOS 58 and Saos-2)was investigated to determine if this edible medicinal mushroom has osteoinductive properties.Activity of alkaline ph...The effect of Lentinula edodes water extract(LE)on two osteoblastic cell cultures(HOS 58 and Saos-2)was investigated to determine if this edible medicinal mushroom has osteoinductive properties.Activity of alkaline phosphatase and mineralization were used as indicators for the vitality and maturation of the bone cells.Cultivation of human osteosarcoma cells HOS 58 for five days in presence of a serial dilution of the aqueous extract of L.edodes(0.8μg/mL-125μg/mL)resulted in a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase activity(ALP)of the cells in comparison to untreated cells.Saos-2 cells,incubated with LE(20μg/mL)andb-glycerol phosphate(2 mM)for 21 days,displayed a 2 fold level of mineralization than cells cultured soley with the positive control,b-glycerophosphate.The obtained results clearly indicate the activity of LE as a bone inducing agent in vitro.Therefore,the shiitake mushroom(L.edodes)deserves attention as a supportive dietary treatment or nutraceutical in the case of diseases accompanied with bone disorder,such as osteoporosis,osteopenia,and late complication of diabetes.展开更多
Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)is a chronic inflammatory liver disease that threatens human health worldwide.The aim of this study was to detect the protective effect of a fermented Lentinus edodes extract containingα-gluc...Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)is a chronic inflammatory liver disease that threatens human health worldwide.The aim of this study was to detect the protective effect of a fermented Lentinus edodes extract containingα-glucan(FLA),in a concanavalin A(Con A)-induced AIH mouse model and to determine the underlying liver-protective mechanism.The results showed that compared with the model group,the level of proinflammatory cytokines in serum of FLA pretreated mice was significantly decreased,and the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in liver,thymus and spleen was significantly reduced.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry,and Western blotting showed that FLA pre-treatment inhibited the Con A-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by down-regulating the expression of BAX and up-regulating the expression of BCL-2.Further research found that FLA may improve liver injury in mice by activating NRF2 signaling pathway and inhibiting TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway.Thus,FLA may improve liver injury in mice by shifting gut microbial composition to reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and prevent the necrosis of hepatocytes.Up-regulation of NRF2 signaling pathway,down-regulation of TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway,and an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus_johnsonii and Ligilactobacillus_murinus play a protective role in liver.展开更多
Lentinus edodes(L.edodes)is a popular edible mushroom,which is very easy to rot and deteriorate after harvest.The quality of L.edodes were significantly affected by different packaging materials.Hence,polypropylene(PP...Lentinus edodes(L.edodes)is a popular edible mushroom,which is very easy to rot and deteriorate after harvest.The quality of L.edodes were significantly affected by different packaging materials.Hence,polypropylene(PP)or polyethylene(PE)packaging were employed to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms on the post-harvested quality of L.edodes.Compared with PE packaging,PP packaging could maintain good storage quality and membrane integrity of L.edodes by reducing oxidative damage,which might be related to the significantly decreased relative electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content at the later stage of storage.Also,PP packaging could improve the antioxidant ability and inhibit the production of H_(2)O_(2)by the decreased catalase and increased superoxide dismutase content.Phenylalanine ammonia lyase,phenylalanine ammonia lyase and cinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase,as the key enzymes in the metabolic pathway of phenylpropane,increased at the later storage of PP-packaged L.edodes.It helped the synthesis of phenolic substances and lignin accumulation.These results indicated PP packaging could be an effective material for maintaining the postharvest storage quality of L.edodes,which might be related to the antioxidant system and phenylpropane pathway.展开更多
Extra-added L-cysteine effectively inhibited the browning of Maillard peptides(MPs)derived from Lentinus edodes.Meanwhile,an unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)was introduced to increase the content of 1-octen-3-ol(mushroom a...Extra-added L-cysteine effectively inhibited the browning of Maillard peptides(MPs)derived from Lentinus edodes.Meanwhile,an unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)was introduced to increase the content of 1-octen-3-ol(mushroom alcohol)to enhance the mushroom aroma of the MPs.Among the three UFAs tested,linoleic acid(LA)exhibited the strongest promoting effect on 1-octen-3-ol,resulting in a 1-octen-3-ol content of 74.57±1.48μg/L in MPs.When LA was co-heated with L-cysteine and/or xylose,a synergistic effect was observed between LA and L-cysteine,leading to the highest 1-octen-3-ol content of 211.29±3.62μg/L in LA-L-cysteine-xylose system.The enzymatic hydrolysate of commercial safflower seed oil was further used as an alternative source of LA to fortify the typical mushroom flavor.The incorporation of 25%safflower seed oil hydrolysate was recommended to enhance the 1-octen-3-ol production(133.09±8.74μg/L)in MPs.These findings provide new ideas for enhancing the mushroom aroma,offering potential applications in flavor design and food processing.展开更多
Lentinula edodes(L.edodes)is an edible mushroom rich in phenolics,with previous study reporting significant differences in antioxidant activity among L.edodes'varieties.However,L.edodes'phenolics remain incomp...Lentinula edodes(L.edodes)is an edible mushroom rich in phenolics,with previous study reporting significant differences in antioxidant activity among L.edodes'varieties.However,L.edodes'phenolics remain incompletely elucidated,and key phenolics influencing the antioxidant activity of different varieties of L.edodes remain uncharacterized.Herein,we used several antioxidant assays to assess the activity of three varieties(Zhexiang 6,Shenxiang 1513 and Yuhua 3)of L.edodes and applied metabolomics to reveal their phenolic composition.Antioxidant assays showed Zhexiang 6 had significantly higher antioxidant activity than Shenxiang 1513 and Yuhua 3.Metabolomics identified 344 phenolic metabolites,including phenolic acids,flavonoids,lignans and coumarins,phenolamides,and tannins.Correlation analysis revealed 37 phenolics that were significantly upregulated in Zhexiang 6 exhibited strong positive correlations with antioxidant activity(P<0.05 and r>0.7),serving as its key antioxidant basis.This study is the first to report phenolamides in L.edodes,enhancing the completeness of L.edodes'phenolic profiles,and establishes phenolic compounds’correlation with antioxidant activity.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of mineral supplementation on Lentinula edodes mycelial growth,polysaccharide production,structure,and immunostimulatory activity.Among the tested conditions,supplementation with 4%...This study investigated the effects of mineral supplementation on Lentinula edodes mycelial growth,polysaccharide production,structure,and immunostimulatory activity.Among the tested conditions,supplementation with 4%MgSO4 significantly increased polysaccharide yield.Structural analysis showed that the polysaccharides mainly consisted of glucose(43.8%-48.1%),mannose(23.9%-32.5%),and galactose(12.6%-22.5%)with various glycosidic linkages.Functional testing using RAW264.7 macrophages revealed strong immunostimulatory activity,with sample C inducing the highest nitric oxide(NO)production(29.61%),fol-lowed by sample B(23.08%),similar to lipopolysaccharide(LPS)stimulation.Gene expression analysis indicated that key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes,including phosphoglucose isomerase(PGI),α-phosphoglucomutase(PGM),and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(UGPase),were differentially regulated and linked to polysaccharide sugar composition.For example,sample B showed high expression levels of PGI(1.15-fold),PGM(1.18-fold),and UGPase(1.07-fold),supporting active glucose conversion toward UDP-sugar formation,whereas elevated PMI expression in sample C(1.15-fold)matched its highest mannose content(29.6%).Overall,these results demonstrate that mineral supplementation affects polysaccharide biosynthesis and immune activity,providing insights for optimizing culture conditions for L.edodes polysaccharide production.展开更多
The concept of healthiness and sustainability has promoted the innovation and development of“clean-label”products.Physico-chemical,oxidation and flavor characteristics of carp surimi with different amounts of Lentin...The concept of healthiness and sustainability has promoted the innovation and development of“clean-label”products.Physico-chemical,oxidation and flavor characteristics of carp surimi with different amounts of Lentinus Edodes(LE)(0-10%)as a“clean-label”ingredient were investigated.Specifically,the color changes induced by the LE addition were not visually obvious.The 4%-10%LE addition could enhance the water holding capacity,gel strength,hardness,total reducing power and free radical scavenging rate of the samples.The cooking loss was at good levels with 6%-8%LE and negatively related to gel strength by Pearson correlation analysis.The rheological characteristics,immobilize water distribution,microstructure varied with the LE addition,and 6%addition amount was their important turning point.The total reducing power and free radical scavenging rate were positively correlated with the amounts of LE,and the minimal lipid and protein oxidation was observed at 6%-8%LE.Besides,LE addition enhanced salty and umami tastes and enriched the alcohols,aldehydes and ketones of samples.As a result,the moderate addition of LE could improve the quality of carp surimi and LE had potential to be a“clean-label”ingredient in carp surimi.展开更多
文摘Expression vector p301-bG1 contains a Sw gene and a bialaphos resistance gene both driven by glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene promoter isolated from Lentinus edodes ( Berk.) Sing. Using p301-bG1, PEG-mediated transformation of protoplast of L. edodes was studied. Mixed with PEG-purified plasmid DNA, the protoplasts of L. edodes were treated with PEG solution and cultured on CYM regeneration plate containing 40 mug/mL bialaphos. Bialaphos-resistant and GUS-positive transformants were obtained using this transformation system. Although the transformation efficiency was relatively low, the protocols release large expenses on expensive instrument and restriction enzymes, providing a simple and economical method for mushroom breeding at the molecular level.
文摘The hydroxyl radical（-OH）-scavenging ability of culture filtrates from submerged culture of Lentinula edodes AX3 and five mildews on lignocellulose substance was analysed. Only L. edodes AX3 showed significant -OH-scavenging ability which reached 52.2% at about the 48th hour. All mildews could hardly scavenge -OH under the experimental conditions. -OH-scavenging ability is considered related to the mode and ability of lignocellulose degradation of a strain. The degradation or bioconversion products might be the substance base for.this effect.
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(863 Program,2011AA100805-2)the Project from Chongqing Science and Technology Committee(CSTC2011AC1010)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271825)
文摘An experimental study was performed to determine the characteristics and drying process of mushroom （Lentinus edodes） by 6 different hot-air drying methods namely isothermal drying, uniform raise drying, non-uniform raise drying, uniform intermittent drying, non-uniform intermittent drying and combined drying. The chemical composition （dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude fat, total sugars, dietary fiber, and energy）, color parameters （L, a＊, b＊, c＊, and h~） and rehydration capacities were determined. Among all the experiments, non-uniform intermittent drying reached a better comprehensive results due to the higher chemical composition, better color quality associated with high bright （26.381＋5.842）, high color tone （73.670＋2.975）, low chroma （13.349a：3.456） as well as the highest rehydration （453.76% weigh of dried body）. Nine kinds of classical mathematical model were used to obtained moisture data and the Midili-kucuk model can be described by the drying process with the coefficient （R2 ranged from 0.99790 to 0.99967）, chi-square （X2 ranged from 0.00003 to 0.00019） and root mean square error （RMSE ranged from 0.000486 to 0.0012367）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20074025).
文摘Lentinan samples,(1→3)-β-D-glucans containing 4.6-15.2 wt%proteins,coded as L-I_1 L-I_2 L-I_3 and L-I_4(L-I)were isolated from four kinds of Lentinus edodes.These glucans were treated with acetone to remove the protein in orderto obtain free protein glucans coded as LNP-I_1,LNP-I_2.LNP-I_3 and LNP-I_4(LNP-I).The free-protein polysaccharideswere sulfated to give derivatives(S-LNP-I)with degree of substitution(DS)from 0.4-0.8.The structural features andweight-average molecular weight(M_w)of the samples were investigated by using infrared spectroscopy,elemental analysis,^(13)C-NMR,size exclusion chromatography combined with laser light scattering(SEC-LLS)and viscometry.The effects ofstructure and conformation of the polysaccharides on antitumor activities were assayed in vivo(Sarcoma 180 solid tumors)and in vitro(Sarcoma 180,HL-60,MCF-7 and Vero tumors).The results indicated that the predominant species of thesamples L-I and LNP-I in 0.2 mol/L NaCl aqueous solution existed as triple-helical chains with high rigidity and in dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)as single-flexible chains.Interestingly,the antitumor activities of LNP-I are lower than those of the nativeglucans(L-I),whereas their sulfated derivatives have higher inhibition ratio against Sarcoma 180 than LNP-I.The resultsreveal that the binding of protein,sulfated modification and the triple helix conformation are important factors in theenhancement of the antitumor activities of polysaccharides on the whole.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC1606701)。
文摘Plant-based fermentations provide an untapped source for novel biotechnological applications.In this study,a probiotic named Lactobacillus fermentum 21828 was introduced to ferment Lentinus edodes.Polysaccharides were extracted from fermented and non-fermented L.edodes and purified via DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100.The components designated F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a were analyzed by FT-IR,HPGPC,HPAEC,SEM,GC-MS and NMR.The results revealed that probiotic fermentation increased the molecular weight from 1.16×10^(4) Da to 1.87×10^(4) Da and altered the proportions of glucose,galactose and mannose,in which glucose increased from 45.94%to 48.16%.Methylation analysis and NMR spectra indicated that F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a had similar linkage patterns.Furthermore,their immunomodulatory activities were evaluated with immunosuppressive mice.NF-LEP and F-LEP improved immune organ indices,immunoglobulin(Ig G and Ig M)and cytokines concentrations;restored the antioxidation capacity of liver;and maintained the balance of gut microbiota.F-LEP displayed better moderating effects on the spleen index,immunoglobulin,cytokines and the diversity of gut microbiota than NF-LEP(200,400 mg/kg).Our study provides an efficient and environment-friendly way for the structural modification of polysaccharides,which helps to enhance their biological activity and promote their wide application in food,medicine and other fields.
文摘Objective To investigate the effect of the common treatment methods in family kitchen on the cadmium(Cd)content,bioaccessibility and the biological activity of the Lentinula edodes.Methods The content of heavy metal from different parts of Lentinula edodes by household acid,alkali soaking and boiling were detected by atomic absorption,bioaccessibility of exceeded Cd were studied,the change of biological activity by different treatments were detected by electron spin resonance(ESR).Results The results showed that the content of Cd in caps was higher than that in stipes,both were also above the national maximum limiting values.Soaking or boiling with weak acid solution decreased the content of cadmium markedly in both caps and stipes.Based on ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)in vitro extraction,Cd bioaccessibility was measured to show that Cd available in gastric stage was much more than that in intestinal stage,indicating both adult and children had 4~5 times health risk compared to provisional tolerable daily intake value.Within certain concentration,antioxidant activity of both superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals in treated caps or stipes decreased greatly compared to untreated ones.At the same concentration(5 mg/m L),scavenging superoxide radicals in caps treated with 1%NaHCO_(3)and 1%CH_(3)COOH were enhanced markedly while to hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,only in 1%CH_(3)COOH treated caps increased significantly.Conclusion Soaking and boiling with 1%CH_(3)COOH decreased the content of Cd markedly in Lentinula edodes,the bioaccessibility of Cd in gastric was higher than that in intestinal simulation,and health risk was 4~5 times of Cd maximum tolerance value for adult and children respectively.The free radical scavenging activity of Lentinula edodes decreased after treatment with 1%NaHCO_(3)or 1%CH_(3)COOH below the concentration at 5 mg/m L.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-20)the Youth Talent Development Plan of Shanghai Municipal Agricultural System, China (20160113)the Agriculture Research System of Shanghai, China (201809)
文摘China is currently the world＇s leading producer of Lentinula edodes and owns many cultivated strains of this species. This study was performed in order to investigate intergenic spacer I （IGS1） polymorphism and classification among 49 popular cultivated strains. The great majority of the 49 strains possessed two different IGS1 sequences, with distinct lengths and homologies. Based on the length and homology of the IGS1 sequences of the 49 strains, the strains were classified into two groups： A and B. Group A was subdivided into six subgroups. Forty-seven strains were homozygous or heterozygous among these six subgroups in group A, Cr01 was heterozygous between A and B, and Guangxiang 9 was homozygous in group B. An IGS1 polymorphism map of each cultivated L. edodes strain is reported for the first time and could be used as a marker for the initial classification and management of cultivated L. edodes strains in China.
基金supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy,Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology and Busan Institute For Regional Program Evaluation through the Encouragement Program for the Social and Economic Innovation Growth(project number,P0008724)
文摘Objective:To determine the effect of Lentinula edodes extract on ultraviolet(UV)A and UVB-induced changes in matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)and type I procollagen expression using human immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes.Methods:Lentinula edodes ethanol extract(LEE)was obtained by extraction with 80%ethanol for 4 h at 80℃.Effect of LEE on UVinduced alteration on the expression and production of MMPs and type I procollagen in keratinocytes was investigated using ELISA,RT-PCR,and Western blotting assay.To determine the underlying mechanism of LEE-mediated effects,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and activator protein 1 signaling pathways were analysed by Western blotting assay.Results:LEE significantly inhibited the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 and increased the expression of type I procollagen in UVA and UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes.The phosphorylation levels of p38 were significantly inhibited by LEE whereas it did not affect c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation.Suppression of p38 phosphorylation was also accompanied by downregulation of UVA and UVB-induced increase in c-Fos.Conclusions:LEE effectively inhibits the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 and increases type I procollagen production through the p38 MAPK/c-Fos signaling pathway in UVA and UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes.This findings suggest that Lentinula edodes may be developed as a cosmetic material to suppress UV exposuremediated skin aging.
文摘This study prepared 17 strains of Lentinula edodes, including wild and cultivated strains as materials, and statistically analyzed the ratios of spores from different aspects via mating types＇ analysis and the OWE-SOJ technique. The results from this study first systematically identified skewed expected distribution of mating-type factors segregation in Lentinula edodes spores has commonly statistical meanings in wild and cultivated strains. Genetic analysis of positive and negative parental-recombined fruiting showed that the nuclear type of F1 progeny spores among those strains segregated through theoretical distribution mainly depended on the combined state of parental dikaryons, and the predominant spores were those with the mating type identical to the dikaryotic parent, indicating that the genetic basis of segregation distortion of spores is different from that of protoplast monokaryons in which the B factor takes predominant responsibility for that phenomenon, and it cooperates A factor with B factor to influence the ratio of spores.
基金funded by the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(Grant No.2022CXGC010609)the Talent Project of Zibo City.
文摘In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of Lentinula edodes logs contamination identification,an improved YOLOv5s contamination identification model for Lentinula edodes logs(YOLOv5s-CGGS)is proposed in this paper.Firstly,a CA(coordinate attention)mechanism is introduced in the feature extraction network of YOLOv5s to improve the identifiability of Lentinula edodes logs contamination and the accuracy of target localiza-tion.Then,the CIoU(Complete-IOU)loss function is replaced by an SIoU(SCYLLA-IoU)loss function to improve the model’s convergence speed and inference accuracy.Finally,the GSConv and GhostConv modules are used to improve and optimize the feature fusion network to improve identification efficiency.The method in this paper achieves values of 97.83%,97.20%,and 98.20%in precision,recall,and mAP@0.5,which are 2.33%,3.0%,and 1.5%better than YOLOv5s,respectively.mAP@0.5 is better than YOLOv4,Ghost-YOLOv4,and Mobilenetv3-YOLOv4(improved by 4.61%,5.16%,and 6.04%,respectively),and the FPS increased by two to three times.
基金supported by a grant from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Fundacao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul(FAPERGS).
文摘Lentinula edodes?is a macrofungus with great potential for therapeutic applications and serves as a model for investigating functional fungi properties and isolating pure compounds for pharmaceutical use. Mushrooms have a great nutritional value and present medicinal molecules including polysaccharides, terpenoids, sterols and lipids, that participate actively in several human disorders and modulate mechanisms involved in the immune system regulation. This review will focus on general nutritional compounds and pharmacological properties of L. edodes.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29374170) and the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong Government Earmarked Grant (CUHK 4161/99M).
文摘Critical concentrations of α-(1→3)-D-glucan L-FV-Ⅱ from Lentinus edodes were studied by viscometry andfluorescence probe techniques. The dependence of the reduced viscosity on concentration of the glucan in 0.5 mol/L NaOHaqueous solutions with or without urea showed two turning points corresponding to the dynamic contact concentration c_s andthe overlap concentration c~* of the polymer. The values of c_s and c~* were found to be 1×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) and 1.1×10^(-2) g cm^(-3),respectively, for L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solutions. The two critical concentrations of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/LNaOH aqueous solutions were also found to be 1.2×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) fbr c_s and 9.2×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) for c~* from the concentrationdependence of phenanthrene fluorescence intensities. The overlap concentration c~* of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueoussolutions was lower than that of polystyrene with same molecular weight in benzene, owing to the fact that polysaccharidetends to undergo aggregation caused by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. A normal viscosity behavior of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L urea/0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solutions can still be observed in an extremely low concentration range at 25℃.
文摘The effect of Lentinula edodes water extract(LE)on two osteoblastic cell cultures(HOS 58 and Saos-2)was investigated to determine if this edible medicinal mushroom has osteoinductive properties.Activity of alkaline phosphatase and mineralization were used as indicators for the vitality and maturation of the bone cells.Cultivation of human osteosarcoma cells HOS 58 for five days in presence of a serial dilution of the aqueous extract of L.edodes(0.8μg/mL-125μg/mL)resulted in a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase activity(ALP)of the cells in comparison to untreated cells.Saos-2 cells,incubated with LE(20μg/mL)andb-glycerol phosphate(2 mM)for 21 days,displayed a 2 fold level of mineralization than cells cultured soley with the positive control,b-glycerophosphate.The obtained results clearly indicate the activity of LE as a bone inducing agent in vitro.Therefore,the shiitake mushroom(L.edodes)deserves attention as a supportive dietary treatment or nutraceutical in the case of diseases accompanied with bone disorder,such as osteoporosis,osteopenia,and late complication of diabetes.
基金supported by the Shanghai Lithy One-Health Group Technology Co.,Ltd.,Project(114-KH210230A)。
文摘Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)is a chronic inflammatory liver disease that threatens human health worldwide.The aim of this study was to detect the protective effect of a fermented Lentinus edodes extract containingα-glucan(FLA),in a concanavalin A(Con A)-induced AIH mouse model and to determine the underlying liver-protective mechanism.The results showed that compared with the model group,the level of proinflammatory cytokines in serum of FLA pretreated mice was significantly decreased,and the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in liver,thymus and spleen was significantly reduced.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry,and Western blotting showed that FLA pre-treatment inhibited the Con A-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by down-regulating the expression of BAX and up-regulating the expression of BCL-2.Further research found that FLA may improve liver injury in mice by activating NRF2 signaling pathway and inhibiting TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway.Thus,FLA may improve liver injury in mice by shifting gut microbial composition to reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and prevent the necrosis of hepatocytes.Up-regulation of NRF2 signaling pathway,down-regulation of TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway,and an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus_johnsonii and Ligilactobacillus_murinus play a protective role in liver.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001811,32302631,31772020)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515011834).
文摘Lentinus edodes(L.edodes)is a popular edible mushroom,which is very easy to rot and deteriorate after harvest.The quality of L.edodes were significantly affected by different packaging materials.Hence,polypropylene(PP)or polyethylene(PE)packaging were employed to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms on the post-harvested quality of L.edodes.Compared with PE packaging,PP packaging could maintain good storage quality and membrane integrity of L.edodes by reducing oxidative damage,which might be related to the significantly decreased relative electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content at the later stage of storage.Also,PP packaging could improve the antioxidant ability and inhibit the production of H_(2)O_(2)by the decreased catalase and increased superoxide dismutase content.Phenylalanine ammonia lyase,phenylalanine ammonia lyase and cinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase,as the key enzymes in the metabolic pathway of phenylpropane,increased at the later storage of PP-packaged L.edodes.It helped the synthesis of phenolic substances and lignin accumulation.These results indicated PP packaging could be an effective material for maintaining the postharvest storage quality of L.edodes,which might be related to the antioxidant system and phenylpropane pathway.
基金supported by the Key Science and Technology Program of Anhui Province(202423l10050061)Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province.
文摘Extra-added L-cysteine effectively inhibited the browning of Maillard peptides(MPs)derived from Lentinus edodes.Meanwhile,an unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)was introduced to increase the content of 1-octen-3-ol(mushroom alcohol)to enhance the mushroom aroma of the MPs.Among the three UFAs tested,linoleic acid(LA)exhibited the strongest promoting effect on 1-octen-3-ol,resulting in a 1-octen-3-ol content of 74.57±1.48μg/L in MPs.When LA was co-heated with L-cysteine and/or xylose,a synergistic effect was observed between LA and L-cysteine,leading to the highest 1-octen-3-ol content of 211.29±3.62μg/L in LA-L-cysteine-xylose system.The enzymatic hydrolysate of commercial safflower seed oil was further used as an alternative source of LA to fortify the typical mushroom flavor.The incorporation of 25%safflower seed oil hydrolysate was recommended to enhance the 1-octen-3-ol production(133.09±8.74μg/L)in MPs.These findings provide new ideas for enhancing the mushroom aroma,offering potential applications in flavor design and food processing.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China for Young Scientists(2023YFD1601100).
文摘Lentinula edodes(L.edodes)is an edible mushroom rich in phenolics,with previous study reporting significant differences in antioxidant activity among L.edodes'varieties.However,L.edodes'phenolics remain incompletely elucidated,and key phenolics influencing the antioxidant activity of different varieties of L.edodes remain uncharacterized.Herein,we used several antioxidant assays to assess the activity of three varieties(Zhexiang 6,Shenxiang 1513 and Yuhua 3)of L.edodes and applied metabolomics to reveal their phenolic composition.Antioxidant assays showed Zhexiang 6 had significantly higher antioxidant activity than Shenxiang 1513 and Yuhua 3.Metabolomics identified 344 phenolic metabolites,including phenolic acids,flavonoids,lignans and coumarins,phenolamides,and tannins.Correlation analysis revealed 37 phenolics that were significantly upregulated in Zhexiang 6 exhibited strong positive correlations with antioxidant activity(P<0.05 and r>0.7),serving as its key antioxidant basis.This study is the first to report phenolamides in L.edodes,enhancing the completeness of L.edodes'phenolic profiles,and establishes phenolic compounds’correlation with antioxidant activity.
基金supported by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food,Agriculture,and Forestry(IPET)through the High Value-added Food Technology Development Program,which is funded by the Ministry of Agriculture,Food,and Rural Affairs(MAFRA)(RS-2024-00403612)Also,this work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2025-00518423)+2 种基金supported by the Regional Innovation System&Education(RISE)program through the Gangwon RISE Center,funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)and the Gangwon State(GS),Republic of Korea(2025-RISE-10-004)supported by the 2024 Academic Research Support Program at Gangneung-Wonju National UniversityThe study received support from the Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Support Program for San Heng San Zong(ZRCQC202309).
文摘This study investigated the effects of mineral supplementation on Lentinula edodes mycelial growth,polysaccharide production,structure,and immunostimulatory activity.Among the tested conditions,supplementation with 4%MgSO4 significantly increased polysaccharide yield.Structural analysis showed that the polysaccharides mainly consisted of glucose(43.8%-48.1%),mannose(23.9%-32.5%),and galactose(12.6%-22.5%)with various glycosidic linkages.Functional testing using RAW264.7 macrophages revealed strong immunostimulatory activity,with sample C inducing the highest nitric oxide(NO)production(29.61%),fol-lowed by sample B(23.08%),similar to lipopolysaccharide(LPS)stimulation.Gene expression analysis indicated that key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes,including phosphoglucose isomerase(PGI),α-phosphoglucomutase(PGM),and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(UGPase),were differentially regulated and linked to polysaccharide sugar composition.For example,sample B showed high expression levels of PGI(1.15-fold),PGM(1.18-fold),and UGPase(1.07-fold),supporting active glucose conversion toward UDP-sugar formation,whereas elevated PMI expression in sample C(1.15-fold)matched its highest mannose content(29.6%).Overall,these results demonstrate that mineral supplementation affects polysaccharide biosynthesis and immune activity,providing insights for optimizing culture conditions for L.edodes polysaccharide production.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31801508)Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department(No.LJKMZ20220876).
文摘The concept of healthiness and sustainability has promoted the innovation and development of“clean-label”products.Physico-chemical,oxidation and flavor characteristics of carp surimi with different amounts of Lentinus Edodes(LE)(0-10%)as a“clean-label”ingredient were investigated.Specifically,the color changes induced by the LE addition were not visually obvious.The 4%-10%LE addition could enhance the water holding capacity,gel strength,hardness,total reducing power and free radical scavenging rate of the samples.The cooking loss was at good levels with 6%-8%LE and negatively related to gel strength by Pearson correlation analysis.The rheological characteristics,immobilize water distribution,microstructure varied with the LE addition,and 6%addition amount was their important turning point.The total reducing power and free radical scavenging rate were positively correlated with the amounts of LE,and the minimal lipid and protein oxidation was observed at 6%-8%LE.Besides,LE addition enhanced salty and umami tastes and enriched the alcohols,aldehydes and ketones of samples.As a result,the moderate addition of LE could improve the quality of carp surimi and LE had potential to be a“clean-label”ingredient in carp surimi.
