A new species,Sclerodermus alternatusi Yang,sp.nov.(Hymenoptera:Bethylidae),is described and illustrated.Its cerambycid host,Monochamus alternatus Hope,a severe wood borer attacking many pine trees(Pinus spp.),is also...A new species,Sclerodermus alternatusi Yang,sp.nov.(Hymenoptera:Bethylidae),is described and illustrated.Its cerambycid host,Monochamus alternatus Hope,a severe wood borer attacking many pine trees(Pinus spp.),is also a vector of pine wood nematode,Bursaphelencus xylophilus,which cause severe damages to pine forests in China.The new species is a gregarious ectoparasitoid of junior larva of M.alternatus.The number of adult wasps reared from a single host larva ranges from 6 to 45.The ratio of female to male is 20:1.The new parasitoid species has a high potential in using as a biocontrol agent for the wood borer.Diagnosis of the new species with comparisons to its related species,S.pupariae Yang&Yao and a key to known species of Sclerodermus from China is provided.展开更多
There is abundant evidence that parasitoids manipulate their hosts by envenomation to support the development and survival of their progeny before oviposition.However,the specific mechanism underlying host nutritional...There is abundant evidence that parasitoids manipulate their hosts by envenomation to support the development and survival of their progeny before oviposition.However,the specific mechanism underlying host nutritional manipulation remains largely unclear.To gain a more comprehensive insight into the effects induced by the gregarious ectoparasitoid Iseropus kuwanae(Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae)on the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)larvae,we sequenced the transcriptome of both non-envenomed and envenomed G.mellonella larvae,specifically targeting genes related to lipid metabolism.The present study revealed that 202 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified and 9 DEGs were involved in lipid metabolism.The expression levels of these 9 DEGs relied on envenomation and the duration post-envenomation.Further,envenomation by I.kuwanae induced an increase in triglyceride(TG)level in the hemolymph of G.mellonella larvae.Furthermore,silencing GmPLA_(2) in G.mellonella larvae 24 h post-envenomation significantly decreased the content of 4 unsaturated fatty acids and TG levels in the hemolymph.The content of linoleic acid andα-linoleic acid were significantly decreased and the content of oleic acid was significantly increased by exogenous supplement of arachidonic acid.Meanwhile,the reduction in host lipid levels impairs the growth and development of wasp offspring.The present study provides valuable knowledge about the molecular mechanism of the nutritional interaction between parasitoids and their hosts and sheds light on the coevolution between parasitoids and host insects.展开更多
Heat shock proteins （HSPs） are known as chaperones that help with folding of other proteins when cells are under environmental stresses. The upregulation of HSPs is essential for cold survival during insect diapause...Heat shock proteins （HSPs） are known as chaperones that help with folding of other proteins when cells are under environmental stresses. The upregulation of HSPs is essential for cold survival during insect diapause. The ectoparasitoidHabrobracon hebetor, a potential biological control agent, can enter reproductive diapause when reared at low temperature and short photoperiod. However, the expression of HSPs during diapause of H. hebetor has not been studied. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the full-length complementary DNAs of three Hsp70 genes （HhHsp70I, HhHsp70II and HhHsp70IIl） from 11. hebetor. Their deduced amino acid sequences showed more than 80% identities to their counterparts from other insect species. However, the multiple se- quence alignment among the three deduced amino acid sequences of HhHsp70s showed only 46% identities. A phylogenetic analysis of the three HhHsp70s and all other known Hsp70 sequences from Hymenoptera clustered all the Hsp70s into four groups, and the three HhHsp70s were distributed into three different groups. Real-time quantitative poly- merase chain reaction analysis showed that the expression of the three HhHspTO genes in H. hebetor reared at different conditions was quite different. HhHspTOI showed higher relative expression when H. hebetor were reared at 27.5℃ than at two lower temperatures （17.5℃ and 20℃） regardless of the photoperiod, whereas HhHspTOII showed higher ex- pression when H. hebetor were reared at 20℃ and 10 ： 14 L ： D than when reared at 17.5℃ and either 16 ： 8 L ： D or 10 ： 14 L ： D. In contrast, HhHSP7OIIIwas expressed at similar levels regardless of the rearing conditions. These results may suggest functional differences among the three HhHspTO genes in H. hebetor.展开更多
基金part of the Research Program “The Key Techniques for Control Pine Wood Nematod”“Fundamental Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAFYBB2021ZG001)” for supporting the present studysupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32370494):Taxonomic study of braconids parasitizing important cerambycids and screening of excellent natural enemies.
文摘A new species,Sclerodermus alternatusi Yang,sp.nov.(Hymenoptera:Bethylidae),is described and illustrated.Its cerambycid host,Monochamus alternatus Hope,a severe wood borer attacking many pine trees(Pinus spp.),is also a vector of pine wood nematode,Bursaphelencus xylophilus,which cause severe damages to pine forests in China.The new species is a gregarious ectoparasitoid of junior larva of M.alternatus.The number of adult wasps reared from a single host larva ranges from 6 to 45.The ratio of female to male is 20:1.The new parasitoid species has a high potential in using as a biocontrol agent for the wood borer.Diagnosis of the new species with comparisons to its related species,S.pupariae Yang&Yao and a key to known species of Sclerodermus from China is provided.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program(Modern Agriculture)of Zhenjiang City(NY2022005)the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province(year of 2021)the Earmarked Fund for CARS-18,and the Postgraduate Research&Scientific Research Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(SJCX23_2232).
文摘There is abundant evidence that parasitoids manipulate their hosts by envenomation to support the development and survival of their progeny before oviposition.However,the specific mechanism underlying host nutritional manipulation remains largely unclear.To gain a more comprehensive insight into the effects induced by the gregarious ectoparasitoid Iseropus kuwanae(Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae)on the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)larvae,we sequenced the transcriptome of both non-envenomed and envenomed G.mellonella larvae,specifically targeting genes related to lipid metabolism.The present study revealed that 202 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified and 9 DEGs were involved in lipid metabolism.The expression levels of these 9 DEGs relied on envenomation and the duration post-envenomation.Further,envenomation by I.kuwanae induced an increase in triglyceride(TG)level in the hemolymph of G.mellonella larvae.Furthermore,silencing GmPLA_(2) in G.mellonella larvae 24 h post-envenomation significantly decreased the content of 4 unsaturated fatty acids and TG levels in the hemolymph.The content of linoleic acid andα-linoleic acid were significantly decreased and the content of oleic acid was significantly increased by exogenous supplement of arachidonic acid.Meanwhile,the reduction in host lipid levels impairs the growth and development of wasp offspring.The present study provides valuable knowledge about the molecular mechanism of the nutritional interaction between parasitoids and their hosts and sheds light on the coevolution between parasitoids and host insects.
文摘Heat shock proteins （HSPs） are known as chaperones that help with folding of other proteins when cells are under environmental stresses. The upregulation of HSPs is essential for cold survival during insect diapause. The ectoparasitoidHabrobracon hebetor, a potential biological control agent, can enter reproductive diapause when reared at low temperature and short photoperiod. However, the expression of HSPs during diapause of H. hebetor has not been studied. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the full-length complementary DNAs of three Hsp70 genes （HhHsp70I, HhHsp70II and HhHsp70IIl） from 11. hebetor. Their deduced amino acid sequences showed more than 80% identities to their counterparts from other insect species. However, the multiple se- quence alignment among the three deduced amino acid sequences of HhHsp70s showed only 46% identities. A phylogenetic analysis of the three HhHsp70s and all other known Hsp70 sequences from Hymenoptera clustered all the Hsp70s into four groups, and the three HhHsp70s were distributed into three different groups. Real-time quantitative poly- merase chain reaction analysis showed that the expression of the three HhHspTO genes in H. hebetor reared at different conditions was quite different. HhHspTOI showed higher relative expression when H. hebetor were reared at 27.5℃ than at two lower temperatures （17.5℃ and 20℃） regardless of the photoperiod, whereas HhHspTOII showed higher ex- pression when H. hebetor were reared at 20℃ and 10 ： 14 L ： D than when reared at 17.5℃ and either 16 ： 8 L ： D or 10 ： 14 L ： D. In contrast, HhHSP7OIIIwas expressed at similar levels regardless of the rearing conditions. These results may suggest functional differences among the three HhHspTO genes in H. hebetor.
