Estuarine and bay ecosystems serve as crucial transitional zones for land-based pollutants entering the ocean.However,there is a critical gap in understanding the behavior of emerging pollutants in the numerous small ...Estuarine and bay ecosystems serve as crucial transitional zones for land-based pollutants entering the ocean.However,there is a critical gap in understanding the behavior of emerging pollutants in the numerous small estuaries and bays located in undeveloped coastal areas.This study provides insights into the fate of antibiotics in these small and scattered estuaries and bays in Shantou's coast,driven by land use types and hydrodynamic conditions.The findings indicated that estuaries were more heavily polluted with antibiotics than the bays(P<0.05),with tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones as the primary antibiotics.Antibiotic pollution levels were more severe in October than in June(P<0.01).Rainfall runoff,aquaculture tailwater,and river discharge were identified as the main sources of antibiotic pollution.Build-up land and aquaculture ponds were the primary land use types contributing to antibiotic pollution.The total antibiotic concentrations in June were positively correlated with the proportion of aquaculture ponds(P<0.05)and negatively correlated with the proportions of cropland and grassland(P<0.05).The concentrations of lomefloxacin and ofloxacin were positively correlated with build-up land.The antibiotic concentrations exhibited strong spatial heterogeneity within both bay and estuarine ecosystems driven by different hydrodynamic conditions.A comparative analysis of global estuaries and bays revealed that specific land-use types and hydrodynamic conditions produced similar trends in antibiotic fate.These insights offered new perspectives to safeguard the health of estuarine and bay ecosystems,such as altering landscape patterns and regulating aquaculture activities.展开更多
Microplastics,resulting from human activities,are widespread environmental contaminants that threaten both ecosystems and human health.These particles,less than 5 mm in size,are found in air,soil,and water,originating...Microplastics,resulting from human activities,are widespread environmental contaminants that threaten both ecosystems and human health.These particles,less than 5 mm in size,are found in air,soil,and water,originating from industrial waste and everyday plastic products.They come in various shapes,sizes,and colors,with primary and secondary microplastics formed through degradation processes.Microplastics have entered the food chain,affecting all trophic levels,with detrimental effects on organisms such as plankton,fish,and corals.Research on microplastics is hindered by methodological biases and sampling inconsistencies,which impact the reliability and comparability of data,as different techniques often yield varying results.Current degradation methods,including bioremediation and filtration,show potential but remain limited.Detecting microplastics is challenging due to their small size,though advanced techniques like morphological and analytical analyses,particularly in fish guts,aid detection.Targeted studies on microplastic levels in aquatic species are crucial,and the development of biodegradable alternatives is essential to mitigate their long-term environmental impact.展开更多
Arid and semi-arid ecosystems are prone to extensive fires due to specific climatic conditions,sparse vegetation cover,and high density of fine fuels.Understanding the flammability characteristics of land covers is es...Arid and semi-arid ecosystems are prone to extensive fires due to specific climatic conditions,sparse vegetation cover,and high density of fine fuels.Understanding the flammability characteristics of land covers is essential for fire management and designing land restoration programs in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.This study provided a new approach to evaluate the flammability of shrublands and woodlands using flammability indices(FIs)including time to ignition(TI),duration of combustion(DC),and flame height(FH)of plant species and their relative frequencies in the Dalfard Basin of southeastern Iran.The results showed that there was a significant difference in FIs between land covers.Shrublands had higher flammability potential compared with woodlands.Plant moisture content had a negative relationship with TI(P<0.010)and no significant relationship with DC and FH(P>0.050).Artemisia spp.,Astragalus gossypinus Fischer,Amygdalus scoparia Spach,and Cymbopogon jwarancusa(Jones)Schult.had the highest FI.Tree species such as Rhazya stricta Decne.,and Pistacia atlantica Desf.showed greater resistance to fire.Using principal component analysis,the relationship between species and FIs was examined,and TI of wet fuel was the most important FI in relation to species.Structural equation model showed that life form(P<0.001)was the most important flammability driver.Precipitation(P<0.010)and legume species(P<0.010)were significantly related to the flammability in arid land.This study emphasizes the importance of managing high-risk species and using resistant species in vegetation restoration and shows that combining species FIs with their abundance is an effective tool for assessing fire risk and fuel management at the plant community scale.展开更多
The contemporary smart cities,smart homes,smart buildings,and smart health care systems are the results of the explosive growth of Internet of Things(IoT)devices and deep learning.Yet the centralized training paradigm...The contemporary smart cities,smart homes,smart buildings,and smart health care systems are the results of the explosive growth of Internet of Things(IoT)devices and deep learning.Yet the centralized training paradigms have fundamental issues in data privacy,regulatory compliance,and ownership silo alongside the scaled limitations of the real-life application.The concept of Federated Deep Learning(FDL)is a privacy-by-design method that will enable the distributed training of machine learning models among distributed clients without sharing raw data and is suitable in heterogeneous urban settings.It is an overview of the privacy-preserving developments in FDL as of 2018-2025 with a narrow scope on its usage in smart cities(traffic prediction,environmental monitoring,energy grids),smart homes/buildings/IoT(non-intrusive load monitoring,HVAC optimization,anomaly detection)and the healthcare application(medical imaging,Electronic Health Records(EHR)analysis,remote monitoring).It gives coherent taxonomy,domain pipelines,comparative analyses of privacy mechanisms(differential privacy,secure aggregation,Homomorphic Encryption(HE),Trusted Execution Environments(TEEs),blockchain enhanced and hybrids),system structures,security/robustness defense,deployment/Machine Learning Operation(MLOps)issues,and the longstanding challenges(non-IID heterogeneity,communication efficiency,fairness,and sustainability).Some of the contributions made are structured comparisons of privacy threats,practical design advice on urban areas,recognition of open problems,and a research roadmap into the future up to 2035.The paper brings out the transformational worth of FDL in building credible,scalable,and sustainable intelligent urban ecosystems and the need to do further interdisciplinary research in standardization,real-world testbeds,and ethical governance.展开更多
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient element that is critical for plant growth and ecosystem functionality.The soil P cycle plays multiple roles,such as sustaining plant growth and productivity,regulating nutrient ...Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient element that is critical for plant growth and ecosystem functionality.The soil P cycle plays multiple roles,such as sustaining plant growth and productivity,regulating nutrient balance within ecosystems,and enhancing ecosystem adaptability and resilience.This cycle is influenced by factors such as the restoration approach and microbial community dynamics.However,the extent to which the restoration approach alters the P cycle in karst ecosystems and the underlying microbial mechanisms remain poorly understood.The P-cycle multifunctionality index (P-cycle MFI) serves as a comprehensive indicator for evaluating soil P cycle function,and it provides insights into changes in the P cycle between different restoration approaches.To investigate the shifts in soil P-cycle MFI and microbial mechanisms between different restoration approaches,we analyzed soil available P (AP),total P (TP),microbial biomass P (MBP),and the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).These data were used to calculate the P-cycle MFI by averaging the Z-scores between two restoration approaches(artificial restoration of forest (AF) and natural restoration of forest (NF)) and a control (cropland,CP) at six subtropical karst ecosystem sites in China.We also determined the soil organic carbon (SOC),exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg),pH,bulk density (BD),microbial biomass C (MBC),and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN),as well as the community structure,relative abundance,diversity indices,and co-occurrence networks of phoD-harboring bacteria.The results showed that the community structure of phoD-harboring bacteria varied significantly among AF,NF,and CP and across different temperature gradients.These bacteria exhibited increasing complexity and tightness in co-occurrence networks from CP to AF and then to NF,along with the ACP and ALP activities,but not the TP and AP contents.The P-cycle MFI values were significantly higher in NF compared to AF and CP,and the variation was significantly explained by restoration approach,temperature,MBC,MBN,SOC,exchangeable Ca,BD,community structure of phoD-harboring bacteria,and exchangeable Mg.Furthermore,natural restoration had a more substantial impact on the P-cycle MFI than temperature by enhancing SOC,microbial biomass,the complexity and co-occurrence network tightness of the phoD-harboring bacterial community structure,and ACP and ALP activities,but it reduced soil BD.The rare genera of phoD-harboring bacteria significantly influenced the variation of soil P-cycle MFI compared to the dominant genera.This study highlights the importance of rare genera of phoD-harboring bacteria in driving soil P-cycle multifunctionality in karst ecosystems,with natural restoration being more effective than artificial methods for enhancing soil organic matter and microbial community complexity.展开更多
Livestock farming is a critical pillar of Tajikistan’s national economy and livelihood security.However,significant economic challenges in the country have led to the degradation of grassland ecosystems.This degradat...Livestock farming is a critical pillar of Tajikistan’s national economy and livelihood security.However,significant economic challenges in the country have led to the degradation of grassland ecosystems.This degradation has not only reduced the productivity of grassland ecosystems but also severely impacted their ecological functions.A particularly concerning consequence is the threat to biodiversity,as the survival and persistence of endemic,rare,and endangered plant species are at serious risk,thereby diminishing the value of species’genetic resources.Based on the data from multiple sources such as literature reviews,field observations,and national statistics,this study employed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to investigate the current status,causes of degradation,and restoration measures for grassland ecosystems in Tajikistan.The results revealed that Tajikistan’s grassland ecosystems support exceptionally high plant species diversity,comprising over 4500 vascular plant species,including nearly 1500 endemic and sub-endemic taxa that constitute a unique genetic reservoir.These ecosystems are experiencing severe degradation,characterized by significantly reduced vegetation cover and declining species richness.Palatable forage species are increasingly being displaced by unpalatable,thorny,and poisonous species.The primary drivers of degradation include excessive grazing pressure,which disrupts plant reproductive cycles and regeneration capacity,habitat fragmentation due to urbanization and infrastructure development,and uncontrolled exploitation of medicinal and edible plants.Climate change,particularly rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns,further exacerbates these anthropogenic pressures.Ecological restoration experiments suggested that both ecosystem productivity and plant species diversity are significantly enhanced by systematic reseeding trials using altitude-adapted native species.These findings underscore the necessity of establishing scientifically grounded approaches for ecological restoration.展开更多
Lhasa,one of the world's highest cities,confronts the challenge of harmonizing cultural heritage preservation with ecological protection.Assessing the spatiotemporal dynamics of ecosystem service value(ESV)in its ...Lhasa,one of the world's highest cities,confronts the challenge of harmonizing cultural heritage preservation with ecological protection.Assessing the spatiotemporal dynamics of ecosystem service value(ESV)in its central urban area is therefore critical for informing future urban planning and land management.This study systematically analyzed land use evolution,the spatiotemporal characteristics of ecosystem services,and ecological network construction within Lhasa's central urban area.It integrated multi-source data,including Landsat remote sensing imagery from 2000,2010,and 2023,with multiple modeling methods such as the InVEST model,MaxEnt for cultural service assessment,the Minimum Cumulative Resistance(MCR)model,and circuit theory.Based on these analyses,optimization strategies were proposed.The results indicate that from 2000 to 2023,areas of cultivated land,grassland,and water bodies decreased by 7.47%,6.85%,and 0.68%,respectively,while wetland and forest areas expanded by 1.44%and 0.64%.Construction land exhibited significant expansion(12.94%),leading to an overall ESV reduction of 462.8×10^(5)yuan.Vegetation coverage was identified as the pivotal factor influencing ESV distribution,with higher values concentrated in the Lhasa River Basin and near the Lhalu Wetland,diminishing towards the urban core.Furthermore,spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed significant positive spatial clustering,with low-low aggregation in the eastern and central regions and high-high aggregation in the Lhasa River Basin and its surrounding water bodies.Moreover,based on a comprehensive ecosystem service assessment,11 ecological source sites were identified,primarily in the southwestern mountains and northeastern foothills.A comprehensive resistance surface,incorporating factors such as elevation,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),and land use,facilitated the extraction of 23 potential ecological corridors totaling 124.96 km in length.Topological network analysis indicated high redundancy and connectivity;however,marginal source sites relying on single connections exhibited significant vulnerability to rupture.Additionally,the application of circuit theory identified 30 ecological pinch points(current density≥1.5 A/km^(2))and 23 obstacle points,revealing significant blockages to ecological flow along the Qinghai-Xizang Highway,within the old city,and in other areas of high-intensity human activity.To address the identified network deficiencies—‘scattered cores,fragmented corridors,and insufficient resilience’—this study proposes an optimization strategy conceptualized as‘one vein,three corridors,and multiple cores’.Recommendations for enhancing network resilience include the delineation of ecological protection red lines,the integration of plateau-adapted technologies,and the fostering of community governance mechanisms.This approach aims to provide a scientific basis for constructing an ecological security pattern and promoting sustainable development in plateau cities.Ultimately,this research contributes to the enhancement of ecological well-being in the Himalayan region.展开更多
The Hai Phong-Ha Long coastal area,with its World Natural Heritage site of Ha Long Bay-Cat Ba islands,has been under intense pressure from rapid development to meet the socio-economic goals set by Hai Phong City and Q...The Hai Phong-Ha Long coastal area,with its World Natural Heritage site of Ha Long Bay-Cat Ba islands,has been under intense pressure from rapid development to meet the socio-economic goals set by Hai Phong City and Quang Ninh Province.As such,urgent land needs for infrastructure construction of economic sectors and urbanization have led to intensive coastal reclamation and seafill leveling,and their environmental consequences.The objective of this study is to assess the adverse environmental effects of coastal reclamation in the Hai Phong—Ha Long area,focusing on ecosystems,environmental quality,and seabed morphology at a regional scale.To achieve this objective,the study employed the regular techniques of environmental assessment methods,such as checklists,matrices,network diagrams,and overlay maps,to appraise these environmental consequences.The results show three main impacted natural components,including coastal ecosystems,environmental qualities,and morphological seabeds,besides coastline changes and socio-economic issues.The most impacted component was coastal ecosystems,followed by the coastal environmental qualities of seawater and sediments,and then the morphological seabed.Based on the study results,it is recommended that during the development of an integrated coastal management plan for the coastal area of Hai Phong–Ha Long,environmental issues of coastal reclamation and seafill leveling must be given much attention.展开更多
Expanding economic potential and protecting the environment,while facing mounting climate and biodiversity stress,is becoming the challenge of environmental resource management.This review explores developments and on...Expanding economic potential and protecting the environment,while facing mounting climate and biodiversity stress,is becoming the challenge of environmental resource management.This review explores developments and ongoing obstacles in six areas of resource of the Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)that include water;land,soils,and food systems;forests and terrestrial carbon biodiversity governance;oceans,coasts,and fisheries;biodiversity connectivity;and extractives and energy-transition supply chains.Most of the interventions continue to ignore ecological thresholds,accruing effects,and cross-system feedbacks,whereas monitoring systems focus on measures of activity rather than confirmed results.Conversely,sustained improvement is most frequently associated with integrated governance,which incorporates open measurement,implementation,rights-based participation,and fair distribution of benefits.Local conservation is often overwhelmed by market forces of demand and structural forces,including subsidies,supply chains,and investment in infrastructure,which fail to stop leakage or war,unless accountability mechanisms are in place.Climate change also aggravates set baselines and puts forward the importance of adaptive regulation,spatial planning,and diversified portfolios,which combine engineered reliability with ecosystem resilience.The review brings out current SDG priorities,which include outcome-based indicators,causal evaluation,governance structures that enhance legitimacy,and transition planning that harmonizes the mineral sourcing,renewable deployment,biodiversity,and water limits.Combined,these observations indicate that striking the balance between ecology and economy is possible when ecological boundaries are under consideration as binding constraints and equity is perceived as a source of sustainability.展开更多
Ecosystems along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(EQTP)are highly fragile and extremely sensitive to climate change and human disturbances.To quantitatively assess climate-induced ecosystem responses,th...Ecosystems along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(EQTP)are highly fragile and extremely sensitive to climate change and human disturbances.To quantitatively assess climate-induced ecosystem responses,this study proposes a Climate-Induced Productivity Index(CIPI)based on the Super Slack-Based Measure(Super-SBM)model using remote sensing data from 2001 to 2020.The results reveal persistently low CIPI values(0.47-0.53)across major ecosystem types,indicating widespread vulnerability to climatic variability.Among these ecosystems,forests exhibit the highest CIPI(0.55),followed by shrublands(0.54),croplands(0.53),grasslands(0.51),and barelands(0.43).The Theil index analysis further demonstrates significant intra-group disparities,suggesting that extreme climatic events amplify CIPI heterogeneity.Moreover,the dominant environmental drivers differ among ecosystem types:the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI)primarily constrains grassland productivity,solar radiation(SRAD)strongly influences shrub and cropland systems,whereas subsurface factors exert greater control in forested regions.This study provides a quantitative framework for evaluating climate-ecosystem interactions and offers a scientific basis for long-term ecological monitoring and security planning across the EQTP.展开更多
The polar regions host one of the harshest and most unique ecosystems on Earth.These habitats,encompassing the Arctic and the Antarctic and from deep-marine sediments to glacial ice/ice sheets,represent one of the fin...The polar regions host one of the harshest and most unique ecosystems on Earth.These habitats,encompassing the Arctic and the Antarctic and from deep-marine sediments to glacial ice/ice sheets,represent one of the final frontiers of terrestrial biological exploration.Traditionally viewed as desolate,ice-covered lands,polar regions are now recognized as vibrant,complex,and highly sensitive ecosystems.展开更多
Farmland ecosystems are the primary ecosystem type in inland river basins,providing the biological and material basis for human development and survival.The foundation for monetizing the value of agricultural ecologic...Farmland ecosystems are the primary ecosystem type in inland river basins,providing the biological and material basis for human development and survival.The foundation for monetizing the value of agricultural ecological products and transforming green mountains into gold mountains is the precise assessment of ecosystem products in specific geographic units(VEP)within farmland ecosystems,which elucidates regional agricultural resource endowments and spatial distribution.However,agricultural ecological products face challenges in valuation,trading,and monetization,and research on pathways for their value transformation remains limited.This study uses Zhangye City in inland river basins as an example to construct a catalog of farmland ecosystem ecological products and explores VEP accounting methods based on multi-source data,including statistical,remote sensing,and monitoring data,at the city and county scales,and analyzes differentiated value transformation pathways according to the attributes of various agricultural ecological products.The results show that material supply value ranks highest among the VEP of farmland ecosystems in inland river basins,followed by regulatory services,while recreational agriculture value ranks lowest.The ranking of VEP varies from the ranking of farmland ecosystem area,with available agricultural water being a major constraint on the VEP of farmland ecosystems in inland river basins.Regional climate,geographic position,and transportation are linked to the value of agricultural ecosystem products within material supply products.Precipitation,soil structure,and cropping patterns are linked to the value of agricultural ecosystem products within regulatory services.The local cultural resources and tourism infrastructure are linked to the value of agricultural ecosystem products within cultural services.Regarding the pathways for achieving the value of agricultural ecological products,market-oriented strategies dominate the mainstay of material supply products,government-led mechanisms are pivotal for regulatory service products,and a combination of government and market strategies is essential for cultural service products.展开更多
Accurate quantification of carbon and water fluxes dynamics in arid and semi-arid ecosystems is a critical scientific challenge for regional carbon neutrality assessments and sustainable water resource management.In t...Accurate quantification of carbon and water fluxes dynamics in arid and semi-arid ecosystems is a critical scientific challenge for regional carbon neutrality assessments and sustainable water resource management.In this study,we developed a multi-flux global sensitivity discriminant index(D_(sen))by integrating the Biome-BGCMuSo model with eddy covariance flux observations.This index was combined with a Bayesian optimization algorithm to conduct parameter optimization.The results demonstrated that:(1)Sensitivity analysis identified 13 highly sensitive parameters affecting carbon and water fluxes.Among these,the canopy light extinction coefficient(k)and the fraction of leaf N in Rubisco(FLNR)exhibited significantly higher sensitivity to carbon fluxes(GPP,NEE,Reco;D_(sen)>10%)compared to water flux(ET).This highlights the strong dependence of carbon cycle simulations on vegetation physiological parameters.(2)The Bayesian optimization framework efficiently converged 30 parameter spaces within 50 iterations,markedly improving carbon fluxes simulation accuracy.The Kling-Gupta efficiency(KGE)values for Gross Primary Production(GPP),Net Ecosystem Exchange(NEE),and Total Respiration(Reco)increased by 44.94%,69.23%and 123%,respectively.The optimization prioritized highly sensitive parameters,underscoring the necessity of parameter sensitivity stratification.(3)The optimized model effectively reproduced carbon sink characteristics in mountain meadows during the growing season(cumulative NEE=-375 g C/m^(2)).It revealed synergistic carbon-water fluxes interactions governed by coupled photosynthesis-stomatal pathways and identified substrate supply limitations on heterotrophic respiration.This study proposes a novel multi-flux sensitivity index and an efficient optimization framework,elucidating the coupling mechanisms between vegetation physiological regulation(k,FLNR)and environmental stressors(VPD,SWD)in carbonwater cycles.The methodology offers a practical approach for arid ecosystem model optimization and provides theoretical insights for grassland management through canopy structure regulation and water-use efficiency enhancement.展开更多
Understanding how dominant plants respond to nitrogen(N)addition is critical for accurately predicting the potential effects of N deposition on ecosystem structure and functionality.Biomass partitioning serves as a va...Understanding how dominant plants respond to nitrogen(N)addition is critical for accurately predicting the potential effects of N deposition on ecosystem structure and functionality.Biomass partitioning serves as a valuable indicator for assessing plant responses to environmental changes.However,considerable uncertainty remains regarding how biomass partitioning shifts with increasing N inputs in sandy ecosystems.To address this gap,we conducted a greenhouse N fertilization experiment in April 2024,using seeds from 20 dominant plant species in the Horqin Sandy Land of China representing 5 life forms:annual grasses,annual forbs,perennial grasses,perennial forbs,and shrubs.Six levels of N addition(0.0,3.5,7.0,14.0,21.0,and 49.0 g N/(m2•a),referred to as N0,N1,N2,N3,N4,and N5,respectively)were applied to investigate the effects of N inputs on biomass partitioning.Results showed that for all 20 dominant plant species,the root biomass:shoot biomass(R:S)consistently declined across all N addition treatments(P<0.050).Concurrently,N addition led to a 23.60%reduction in root biomass fraction,coupled with a 12.38%increase in shoot biomass fraction(P<0.050).Allometric partitioning analysis further indicated that N addition had no significant effect on the slopes of the allometric relationships(leaf biomass versus root biomass,stem biomass versus root biomass,and shoot biomass versus root biomass).This suggests that plants can adjust resource investment—such as allocating more resources to shoots—to optimize growth under favorable conditions without disrupting functional trade-offs between organs.Among different life forms,annual grasses,perennial grasses,and annual forbs exhibited increased allocation to aboveground biomass,enhancing productivity and potentially altering community composition and competitive hierarchies.In contrast,perennial forbs and shrubs maintained stable biomass partitioning across all N addition levels,reflecting conservative resource allocation strategies that support long-term ecosystem resilience in nutrient-poor environments.Taken together,these findings deepen our understanding of how nutrient enrichment influences biomass allocation and ecosystem dynamics across different plant life forms,offering practical implications for the management and restoration of degraded sandy ecosystems.展开更多
Emerging contaminants,such as pharmaceuticals,pesticides,microplastics,and per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),pose significant environmental and health risks due to their persistence,bioaccumulative nature,and e...Emerging contaminants,such as pharmaceuticals,pesticides,microplastics,and per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),pose significant environmental and health risks due to their persistence,bioaccumulative nature,and ecological toxicity.This mini-review examines their major sources,including industrial effluents,urban runoff,and landfill leachate,and highlights their detrimental impacts on aquatic biodiversity and human health.By synthesizing current research,the review emphasizes the urgent need for improved monitoring,regulatory interventions,and innovative mitigation strategies.It provides a concise overview to guide future research and inform policies aimed at safeguarding aquatic ecosystems and public health.展开更多
Micro-and nano-plastics,defined as plastic particles measuring≤5 mm,represent a class of contaminants of emerging concern.These particles are ubiquitous in aquatic environments,posing significant threats to both fres...Micro-and nano-plastics,defined as plastic particles measuring≤5 mm,represent a class of contaminants of emerging concern.These particles are ubiquitous in aquatic environments,posing significant threats to both freshwater and marine organisms.The accumulation of micro-and nanoplastics in aquatic biota can lead to physical harm and chemical hazards,as these particles can serve as vectors for transporting toxic substances.As the research community strives to understand the transport and fate of micro-and nano-plastics,as well as their ecotoxicological implications,the scope of research questions continues to broaden.In response to these developments,the Journal of Oceanology and Limnology has recently launched a special issue entitled“Micro-and nano-plastics:an emerging contaminant in marine and freshwater ecosystems.”展开更多
The relevance of the work lies in its relation to the sustainability of mountain ecosystems of Kyrgyzstan in the context of growing tourist activity.The study area belongs to mountain ecosystems,which are highly sensi...The relevance of the work lies in its relation to the sustainability of mountain ecosystems of Kyrgyzstan in the context of growing tourist activity.The study area belongs to mountain ecosystems,which are highly sensitive to anthropogenic loads,and with the increase in this impact,the main tourism resources can be lost.The main objective of the work is to create a scientific basis for sustainable development of the studied region with minimal impact on the natural environment.The sustainability of the underlying surface was analyzed considering altitude,orography,climatic and seasonal changes,terrain slope,and other factors.Dominant plant species characteristic of different altitudinal levels were taken into account.An assessment of the level of degradation of the studied ecosystems was provided,based on field methods,by creating“transects,”which allow the identification of different levels of sustainability under anthropogenic influences.Based on the degree of degradation,the sites were ranked into six degrees of degradation.For this purpose,plant and soil samples were collected to assess the tourist load.To determine the potential for the development of tourist flows,their one-time throughput capacity was calculated,based on the total number in a specific area.Measures were proposed to regulate the flow of vacationers throughout the mountainous region.For these purposes,the maximum number of tourists per daily flow was determined.A methodology was developed for assessing mountain tourist zones,which is important for further regulation of the flow of vacationers,and will allow for the sustainable development of these zones in the future.展开更多
Fires have historically played a natural role in shaping ecosystems,contributing to biodiversity and ecological renewal.However,in the Anthropocene,the interplay of climate change and human activities has exacerbated ...Fires have historically played a natural role in shaping ecosystems,contributing to biodiversity and ecological renewal.However,in the Anthropocene,the interplay of climate change and human activities has exacerbated fire frequency and intensity,with cascading impacts on soil health,biodiversity,and ecosystem resilience.This study highlights the complex effects of fire on soil ecosystems,particularly in Mediterranean environments,by analysing the aftermath of the 2021 wildfire in Aspromonte National Park.The results of this research reveal the multifaceted impact of fire on soil composition and biological activity.Burned areas exhibited altered microbial communities,characterized by a higher biomass of bacteria and actinomycetes but reduced fungal presence,aligning with findings that fungi are more sensitive to heat than other microorganisms,particularly under moist conditions.Changes in enzyme activity,such as decreased oxidoreductase and hydrolase activities but elevated catalase activity,suggest significant metabolic adjustments among surviving microbial strains.Additionally,increased potassium,magnesium,sulphates,and total phenols in burned areas point to shifts in nutrient dynamics driven by the combustion of organic matter.Fire also impacted microarthropod communities but the rapid recovery of microarthropod communities that has been recognized by numerous authors suggests that fire may not universally impair soil biodiversity in Mediterranean environments.The transition zone played a critical intermediate role,retaining a higher organic matter content than the unburned zone,suggesting its potential as a buffer or recovery zone in post-fire dynamics.Microarthropod communities,while initially affected,demonstrated resilience in line with previous research,indicating that Mediterranean soils might possess adaptive mechanisms to recover from low-to moderate-severity wildfires.Importantly,the incorporation of ashes and partially burned organic material in such fires may lead to enhanced soil fertility,fostering bacterial and actinomycetes proliferation and facilitating ecosystem recovery.展开更多
Elucidating the mechanisms underlying community assembly remains a central question in community ecology,especially in aquatic ecosystems disrupted by human activities.Understanding the causes and consequences of comm...Elucidating the mechanisms underlying community assembly remains a central question in community ecology,especially in aquatic ecosystems disrupted by human activities.Understanding the causes and consequences of community responses to changing environment is essential for revealing the ecological effects of anthropogenic disturbances and proposing practical strategies for ecological restoration.While stochastic dispersal and species sorting are known to influence local biological communities,most studies have focused on horizontal dispersal,often neglecting the vertical exchange of organisms between planktonic and sedimentary communities when studying stochastic dispersal.We used a highly disturbed urban river in Beijing as a model system to investigate the relative roles of stochastic dispersal versus species sorting driven by local pollution,as well as two components of stochastic dispersal,vertical exchange and horizontal dispersal,in structuring local bacterial communities.Our integrated analyses of planktonic and sedimentary bacterial communities revealed that,despite different spatial patterns along the river,both types of bacterial communities were primarily shaped by stochastic dispersal processes rather than species sorting influenced by the environmental gradient.Notably,in addition to the effect of horizontal dispersal along the river,the vertical exchange between planktonic and sedimentary bacterial communities significantly contributed to the formation of local communities.These findings suggest that both vertical exchange and horizontal dispersal should be considered when assessing the role of stochastic dispersal in shaping local community structure in microbial communities.展开更多
Groundwater overextraction and contamination by heavy metals such as cadmium and arsenic have resultedin ecological degradation and increased risks of renal disease,particularly in water-scarce regions.To address thes...Groundwater overextraction and contamination by heavy metals such as cadmium and arsenic have resultedin ecological degradation and increased risks of renal disease,particularly in water-scarce regions.To address thesechallenges,this review aimed to evaluate the ecological potential of dew water harvesting as a sustainable and safealternative water source.Literature published between 2000 and 2024 was systematically searched in PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar using the terms“dew water,”“atmospheric water harvesting,”“groundwaterpollution,”“heavy metals,”“ecosystem restoration,”and“sustainable water systems.”Studies were included if theyfocused on dew water quality,ecological functions,or health-related outcomes,while non-English publications,conference abstracts without full text,and studies not directly addressing dew water were excluded.A total of 46 studiesand 7 official guidelines met the eligibility criteria.Findings indicate that natural dew water generally exhibits a neutralpH(6.5–8.5),negligible concentrations of heavy metals,and relatively high dissolved oxygen content(~9 mg/L).Casestudies from Morocco,Israel,China,and India illustrate its contributions to soil moisture retention,plant survival,biodiversity support,and microclimate regulation.Moreover,dew water produced through the Systemized Dew Process(SDP)consistently complied with WHO(2024)standards for drinking water,showing contaminant levels belowdetection thresholds.In conclusion,dew water harvesting represents a low-impact,climate-resilient,and safe alternativethat mitigates exposure to nephrotoxic pollutants,reduces reliance on overexploited groundwater,and enhances longtermecological restoration and water security in degraded and water-scarce environments.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFF0801104 and 2021YFD1700600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51809177)the Science Foundation of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.NIGLAS2022GS08).
文摘Estuarine and bay ecosystems serve as crucial transitional zones for land-based pollutants entering the ocean.However,there is a critical gap in understanding the behavior of emerging pollutants in the numerous small estuaries and bays located in undeveloped coastal areas.This study provides insights into the fate of antibiotics in these small and scattered estuaries and bays in Shantou's coast,driven by land use types and hydrodynamic conditions.The findings indicated that estuaries were more heavily polluted with antibiotics than the bays(P<0.05),with tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones as the primary antibiotics.Antibiotic pollution levels were more severe in October than in June(P<0.01).Rainfall runoff,aquaculture tailwater,and river discharge were identified as the main sources of antibiotic pollution.Build-up land and aquaculture ponds were the primary land use types contributing to antibiotic pollution.The total antibiotic concentrations in June were positively correlated with the proportion of aquaculture ponds(P<0.05)and negatively correlated with the proportions of cropland and grassland(P<0.05).The concentrations of lomefloxacin and ofloxacin were positively correlated with build-up land.The antibiotic concentrations exhibited strong spatial heterogeneity within both bay and estuarine ecosystems driven by different hydrodynamic conditions.A comparative analysis of global estuaries and bays revealed that specific land-use types and hydrodynamic conditions produced similar trends in antibiotic fate.These insights offered new perspectives to safeguard the health of estuarine and bay ecosystems,such as altering landscape patterns and regulating aquaculture activities.
文摘Microplastics,resulting from human activities,are widespread environmental contaminants that threaten both ecosystems and human health.These particles,less than 5 mm in size,are found in air,soil,and water,originating from industrial waste and everyday plastic products.They come in various shapes,sizes,and colors,with primary and secondary microplastics formed through degradation processes.Microplastics have entered the food chain,affecting all trophic levels,with detrimental effects on organisms such as plankton,fish,and corals.Research on microplastics is hindered by methodological biases and sampling inconsistencies,which impact the reliability and comparability of data,as different techniques often yield varying results.Current degradation methods,including bioremediation and filtration,show potential but remain limited.Detecting microplastics is challenging due to their small size,though advanced techniques like morphological and analytical analyses,particularly in fish guts,aid detection.Targeted studies on microplastic levels in aquatic species are crucial,and the development of biodegradable alternatives is essential to mitigate their long-term environmental impact.
文摘Arid and semi-arid ecosystems are prone to extensive fires due to specific climatic conditions,sparse vegetation cover,and high density of fine fuels.Understanding the flammability characteristics of land covers is essential for fire management and designing land restoration programs in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.This study provided a new approach to evaluate the flammability of shrublands and woodlands using flammability indices(FIs)including time to ignition(TI),duration of combustion(DC),and flame height(FH)of plant species and their relative frequencies in the Dalfard Basin of southeastern Iran.The results showed that there was a significant difference in FIs between land covers.Shrublands had higher flammability potential compared with woodlands.Plant moisture content had a negative relationship with TI(P<0.010)and no significant relationship with DC and FH(P>0.050).Artemisia spp.,Astragalus gossypinus Fischer,Amygdalus scoparia Spach,and Cymbopogon jwarancusa(Jones)Schult.had the highest FI.Tree species such as Rhazya stricta Decne.,and Pistacia atlantica Desf.showed greater resistance to fire.Using principal component analysis,the relationship between species and FIs was examined,and TI of wet fuel was the most important FI in relation to species.Structural equation model showed that life form(P<0.001)was the most important flammability driver.Precipitation(P<0.010)and legume species(P<0.010)were significantly related to the flammability in arid land.This study emphasizes the importance of managing high-risk species and using resistant species in vegetation restoration and shows that combining species FIs with their abundance is an effective tool for assessing fire risk and fuel management at the plant community scale.
文摘The contemporary smart cities,smart homes,smart buildings,and smart health care systems are the results of the explosive growth of Internet of Things(IoT)devices and deep learning.Yet the centralized training paradigms have fundamental issues in data privacy,regulatory compliance,and ownership silo alongside the scaled limitations of the real-life application.The concept of Federated Deep Learning(FDL)is a privacy-by-design method that will enable the distributed training of machine learning models among distributed clients without sharing raw data and is suitable in heterogeneous urban settings.It is an overview of the privacy-preserving developments in FDL as of 2018-2025 with a narrow scope on its usage in smart cities(traffic prediction,environmental monitoring,energy grids),smart homes/buildings/IoT(non-intrusive load monitoring,HVAC optimization,anomaly detection)and the healthcare application(medical imaging,Electronic Health Records(EHR)analysis,remote monitoring).It gives coherent taxonomy,domain pipelines,comparative analyses of privacy mechanisms(differential privacy,secure aggregation,Homomorphic Encryption(HE),Trusted Execution Environments(TEEs),blockchain enhanced and hybrids),system structures,security/robustness defense,deployment/Machine Learning Operation(MLOps)issues,and the longstanding challenges(non-IID heterogeneity,communication efficiency,fairness,and sustainability).Some of the contributions made are structured comparisons of privacy threats,practical design advice on urban areas,recognition of open problems,and a research roadmap into the future up to 2035.The paper brings out the transformational worth of FDL in building credible,scalable,and sustainable intelligent urban ecosystems and the need to do further interdisciplinary research in standardization,real-world testbeds,and ethical governance.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF1300705)the Key Research and Development Project of Guangxi,China (Guike AB24010051)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42261011,32271730 and U20A2011)the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (2023020)。
文摘Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient element that is critical for plant growth and ecosystem functionality.The soil P cycle plays multiple roles,such as sustaining plant growth and productivity,regulating nutrient balance within ecosystems,and enhancing ecosystem adaptability and resilience.This cycle is influenced by factors such as the restoration approach and microbial community dynamics.However,the extent to which the restoration approach alters the P cycle in karst ecosystems and the underlying microbial mechanisms remain poorly understood.The P-cycle multifunctionality index (P-cycle MFI) serves as a comprehensive indicator for evaluating soil P cycle function,and it provides insights into changes in the P cycle between different restoration approaches.To investigate the shifts in soil P-cycle MFI and microbial mechanisms between different restoration approaches,we analyzed soil available P (AP),total P (TP),microbial biomass P (MBP),and the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).These data were used to calculate the P-cycle MFI by averaging the Z-scores between two restoration approaches(artificial restoration of forest (AF) and natural restoration of forest (NF)) and a control (cropland,CP) at six subtropical karst ecosystem sites in China.We also determined the soil organic carbon (SOC),exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg),pH,bulk density (BD),microbial biomass C (MBC),and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN),as well as the community structure,relative abundance,diversity indices,and co-occurrence networks of phoD-harboring bacteria.The results showed that the community structure of phoD-harboring bacteria varied significantly among AF,NF,and CP and across different temperature gradients.These bacteria exhibited increasing complexity and tightness in co-occurrence networks from CP to AF and then to NF,along with the ACP and ALP activities,but not the TP and AP contents.The P-cycle MFI values were significantly higher in NF compared to AF and CP,and the variation was significantly explained by restoration approach,temperature,MBC,MBN,SOC,exchangeable Ca,BD,community structure of phoD-harboring bacteria,and exchangeable Mg.Furthermore,natural restoration had a more substantial impact on the P-cycle MFI than temperature by enhancing SOC,microbial biomass,the complexity and co-occurrence network tightness of the phoD-harboring bacterial community structure,and ACP and ALP activities,but it reduced soil BD.The rare genera of phoD-harboring bacteria significantly influenced the variation of soil P-cycle MFI compared to the dominant genera.This study highlights the importance of rare genera of phoD-harboring bacteria in driving soil P-cycle multifunctionality in karst ecosystems,with natural restoration being more effective than artificial methods for enhancing soil organic matter and microbial community complexity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2025YFE0103800,2023YFE0102600,2024YFE0214200).
文摘Livestock farming is a critical pillar of Tajikistan’s national economy and livelihood security.However,significant economic challenges in the country have led to the degradation of grassland ecosystems.This degradation has not only reduced the productivity of grassland ecosystems but also severely impacted their ecological functions.A particularly concerning consequence is the threat to biodiversity,as the survival and persistence of endemic,rare,and endangered plant species are at serious risk,thereby diminishing the value of species’genetic resources.Based on the data from multiple sources such as literature reviews,field observations,and national statistics,this study employed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to investigate the current status,causes of degradation,and restoration measures for grassland ecosystems in Tajikistan.The results revealed that Tajikistan’s grassland ecosystems support exceptionally high plant species diversity,comprising over 4500 vascular plant species,including nearly 1500 endemic and sub-endemic taxa that constitute a unique genetic reservoir.These ecosystems are experiencing severe degradation,characterized by significantly reduced vegetation cover and declining species richness.Palatable forage species are increasingly being displaced by unpalatable,thorny,and poisonous species.The primary drivers of degradation include excessive grazing pressure,which disrupts plant reproductive cycles and regeneration capacity,habitat fragmentation due to urbanization and infrastructure development,and uncontrolled exploitation of medicinal and edible plants.Climate change,particularly rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns,further exacerbates these anthropogenic pressures.Ecological restoration experiments suggested that both ecosystem productivity and plant species diversity are significantly enhanced by systematic reseeding trials using altitude-adapted native species.These findings underscore the necessity of establishing scientifically grounded approaches for ecological restoration.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund Project:Research on the Construction of Ecological Security Pattern in the Transition Zone of Nature Reserves along the Sichuan-Xizang Railway(Western Sichuan Section)(51908470).
文摘Lhasa,one of the world's highest cities,confronts the challenge of harmonizing cultural heritage preservation with ecological protection.Assessing the spatiotemporal dynamics of ecosystem service value(ESV)in its central urban area is therefore critical for informing future urban planning and land management.This study systematically analyzed land use evolution,the spatiotemporal characteristics of ecosystem services,and ecological network construction within Lhasa's central urban area.It integrated multi-source data,including Landsat remote sensing imagery from 2000,2010,and 2023,with multiple modeling methods such as the InVEST model,MaxEnt for cultural service assessment,the Minimum Cumulative Resistance(MCR)model,and circuit theory.Based on these analyses,optimization strategies were proposed.The results indicate that from 2000 to 2023,areas of cultivated land,grassland,and water bodies decreased by 7.47%,6.85%,and 0.68%,respectively,while wetland and forest areas expanded by 1.44%and 0.64%.Construction land exhibited significant expansion(12.94%),leading to an overall ESV reduction of 462.8×10^(5)yuan.Vegetation coverage was identified as the pivotal factor influencing ESV distribution,with higher values concentrated in the Lhasa River Basin and near the Lhalu Wetland,diminishing towards the urban core.Furthermore,spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed significant positive spatial clustering,with low-low aggregation in the eastern and central regions and high-high aggregation in the Lhasa River Basin and its surrounding water bodies.Moreover,based on a comprehensive ecosystem service assessment,11 ecological source sites were identified,primarily in the southwestern mountains and northeastern foothills.A comprehensive resistance surface,incorporating factors such as elevation,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),and land use,facilitated the extraction of 23 potential ecological corridors totaling 124.96 km in length.Topological network analysis indicated high redundancy and connectivity;however,marginal source sites relying on single connections exhibited significant vulnerability to rupture.Additionally,the application of circuit theory identified 30 ecological pinch points(current density≥1.5 A/km^(2))and 23 obstacle points,revealing significant blockages to ecological flow along the Qinghai-Xizang Highway,within the old city,and in other areas of high-intensity human activity.To address the identified network deficiencies—‘scattered cores,fragmented corridors,and insufficient resilience’—this study proposes an optimization strategy conceptualized as‘one vein,three corridors,and multiple cores’.Recommendations for enhancing network resilience include the delineation of ecological protection red lines,the integration of plateau-adapted technologies,and the fostering of community governance mechanisms.This approach aims to provide a scientific basis for constructing an ecological security pattern and promoting sustainable development in plateau cities.Ultimately,this research contributes to the enhancement of ecological well-being in the Himalayan region.
基金supported by the project“Development of Comprehensive Solutions for Environmental Management in the Northeast Coastal Waters of Viet Nam in an Age of Global Changes”(Code:NDT/ITA/2024/07)under the framework of the bilateral scientific and technological cooperation program between Vietnam and Italy(2024-2027).
文摘The Hai Phong-Ha Long coastal area,with its World Natural Heritage site of Ha Long Bay-Cat Ba islands,has been under intense pressure from rapid development to meet the socio-economic goals set by Hai Phong City and Quang Ninh Province.As such,urgent land needs for infrastructure construction of economic sectors and urbanization have led to intensive coastal reclamation and seafill leveling,and their environmental consequences.The objective of this study is to assess the adverse environmental effects of coastal reclamation in the Hai Phong—Ha Long area,focusing on ecosystems,environmental quality,and seabed morphology at a regional scale.To achieve this objective,the study employed the regular techniques of environmental assessment methods,such as checklists,matrices,network diagrams,and overlay maps,to appraise these environmental consequences.The results show three main impacted natural components,including coastal ecosystems,environmental qualities,and morphological seabeds,besides coastline changes and socio-economic issues.The most impacted component was coastal ecosystems,followed by the coastal environmental qualities of seawater and sediments,and then the morphological seabed.Based on the study results,it is recommended that during the development of an integrated coastal management plan for the coastal area of Hai Phong–Ha Long,environmental issues of coastal reclamation and seafill leveling must be given much attention.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Basic Ability Improvement Project for Young and Middleaged Teachers in Guangxi Universities,China,“Research on Digital Marketing of Characteristic Agricultural Products in Western Guangxi”(Grant No.2024KY0740)Scientific Research Basic Ability Improvement Project for Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Guangxi Universities,China:“Research on Industrial Revitalization Promoting High-Quality Development of Rural Economy in Guangxi under the Concept of Transportation-Tourism Integration”(Grant No.2024KY0743)+1 种基金Guangxi Higher Education Undergraduate Teaching Reform Project:“Reform and Practice of a‘Three-Line Five-Step’Virtual Simulation Teaching Mode for the Financial Sharing Course Based on Inquiry-Based Learning”(Grant No.2024JGB355)Guangxi Philosophy and Social Sciences Research Annual Project:“Research on the Mechanism and Path of Service Talent Team Building for Guangxi Community Elderly Care Service Complexes”(Grant No.24GLF012).
文摘Expanding economic potential and protecting the environment,while facing mounting climate and biodiversity stress,is becoming the challenge of environmental resource management.This review explores developments and ongoing obstacles in six areas of resource of the Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)that include water;land,soils,and food systems;forests and terrestrial carbon biodiversity governance;oceans,coasts,and fisheries;biodiversity connectivity;and extractives and energy-transition supply chains.Most of the interventions continue to ignore ecological thresholds,accruing effects,and cross-system feedbacks,whereas monitoring systems focus on measures of activity rather than confirmed results.Conversely,sustained improvement is most frequently associated with integrated governance,which incorporates open measurement,implementation,rights-based participation,and fair distribution of benefits.Local conservation is often overwhelmed by market forces of demand and structural forces,including subsidies,supply chains,and investment in infrastructure,which fail to stop leakage or war,unless accountability mechanisms are in place.Climate change also aggravates set baselines and puts forward the importance of adaptive regulation,spatial planning,and diversified portfolios,which combine engineered reliability with ecosystem resilience.The review brings out current SDG priorities,which include outcome-based indicators,causal evaluation,governance structures that enhance legitimacy,and transition planning that harmonizes the mineral sourcing,renewable deployment,biodiversity,and water limits.Combined,these observations indicate that striking the balance between ecology and economy is possible when ecological boundaries are under consideration as binding constraints and equity is perceived as a source of sustainability.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,No.2022YFF1302401National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42271007。
文摘Ecosystems along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(EQTP)are highly fragile and extremely sensitive to climate change and human disturbances.To quantitatively assess climate-induced ecosystem responses,this study proposes a Climate-Induced Productivity Index(CIPI)based on the Super Slack-Based Measure(Super-SBM)model using remote sensing data from 2001 to 2020.The results reveal persistently low CIPI values(0.47-0.53)across major ecosystem types,indicating widespread vulnerability to climatic variability.Among these ecosystems,forests exhibit the highest CIPI(0.55),followed by shrublands(0.54),croplands(0.53),grasslands(0.51),and barelands(0.43).The Theil index analysis further demonstrates significant intra-group disparities,suggesting that extreme climatic events amplify CIPI heterogeneity.Moreover,the dominant environmental drivers differ among ecosystem types:the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI)primarily constrains grassland productivity,solar radiation(SRAD)strongly influences shrub and cropland systems,whereas subsurface factors exert greater control in forested regions.This study provides a quantitative framework for evaluating climate-ecosystem interactions and offers a scientific basis for long-term ecological monitoring and security planning across the EQTP.
文摘The polar regions host one of the harshest and most unique ecosystems on Earth.These habitats,encompassing the Arctic and the Antarctic and from deep-marine sediments to glacial ice/ice sheets,represent one of the final frontiers of terrestrial biological exploration.Traditionally viewed as desolate,ice-covered lands,polar regions are now recognized as vibrant,complex,and highly sensitive ecosystems.
基金supported by Humanities and Social Sciences research project of Ministry of Education(Grant No.24YJCZH342)the Inventory of ecological products and calculation of Gross ecosystem product(GEP)in Zhangye City(Grant No.E4390901)。
文摘Farmland ecosystems are the primary ecosystem type in inland river basins,providing the biological and material basis for human development and survival.The foundation for monetizing the value of agricultural ecological products and transforming green mountains into gold mountains is the precise assessment of ecosystem products in specific geographic units(VEP)within farmland ecosystems,which elucidates regional agricultural resource endowments and spatial distribution.However,agricultural ecological products face challenges in valuation,trading,and monetization,and research on pathways for their value transformation remains limited.This study uses Zhangye City in inland river basins as an example to construct a catalog of farmland ecosystem ecological products and explores VEP accounting methods based on multi-source data,including statistical,remote sensing,and monitoring data,at the city and county scales,and analyzes differentiated value transformation pathways according to the attributes of various agricultural ecological products.The results show that material supply value ranks highest among the VEP of farmland ecosystems in inland river basins,followed by regulatory services,while recreational agriculture value ranks lowest.The ranking of VEP varies from the ranking of farmland ecosystem area,with available agricultural water being a major constraint on the VEP of farmland ecosystems in inland river basins.Regional climate,geographic position,and transportation are linked to the value of agricultural ecosystem products within material supply products.Precipitation,soil structure,and cropping patterns are linked to the value of agricultural ecosystem products within regulatory services.The local cultural resources and tourism infrastructure are linked to the value of agricultural ecosystem products within cultural services.Regarding the pathways for achieving the value of agricultural ecological products,market-oriented strategies dominate the mainstay of material supply products,government-led mechanisms are pivotal for regulatory service products,and a combination of government and market strategies is essential for cultural service products.
基金jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42161024)the Central Financial Forestry and Grassland Science and Technology Extension Demonstration Project(2025)(Grant No.Xin[2025]TG 09)。
文摘Accurate quantification of carbon and water fluxes dynamics in arid and semi-arid ecosystems is a critical scientific challenge for regional carbon neutrality assessments and sustainable water resource management.In this study,we developed a multi-flux global sensitivity discriminant index(D_(sen))by integrating the Biome-BGCMuSo model with eddy covariance flux observations.This index was combined with a Bayesian optimization algorithm to conduct parameter optimization.The results demonstrated that:(1)Sensitivity analysis identified 13 highly sensitive parameters affecting carbon and water fluxes.Among these,the canopy light extinction coefficient(k)and the fraction of leaf N in Rubisco(FLNR)exhibited significantly higher sensitivity to carbon fluxes(GPP,NEE,Reco;D_(sen)>10%)compared to water flux(ET).This highlights the strong dependence of carbon cycle simulations on vegetation physiological parameters.(2)The Bayesian optimization framework efficiently converged 30 parameter spaces within 50 iterations,markedly improving carbon fluxes simulation accuracy.The Kling-Gupta efficiency(KGE)values for Gross Primary Production(GPP),Net Ecosystem Exchange(NEE),and Total Respiration(Reco)increased by 44.94%,69.23%and 123%,respectively.The optimization prioritized highly sensitive parameters,underscoring the necessity of parameter sensitivity stratification.(3)The optimized model effectively reproduced carbon sink characteristics in mountain meadows during the growing season(cumulative NEE=-375 g C/m^(2)).It revealed synergistic carbon-water fluxes interactions governed by coupled photosynthesis-stomatal pathways and identified substrate supply limitations on heterotrophic respiration.This study proposes a novel multi-flux sensitivity index and an efficient optimization framework,elucidating the coupling mechanisms between vegetation physiological regulation(k,FLNR)and environmental stressors(VPD,SWD)in carbonwater cycles.The methodology offers a practical approach for arid ecosystem model optimization and provides theoretical insights for grassland management through canopy structure regulation and water-use efficiency enhancement.
基金supported by the National Grassland Technology Innovation Centre(Preparation)Project(CCPTZX2023B02-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071845)the Key Science and Technology Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2021ZD001505).
文摘Understanding how dominant plants respond to nitrogen(N)addition is critical for accurately predicting the potential effects of N deposition on ecosystem structure and functionality.Biomass partitioning serves as a valuable indicator for assessing plant responses to environmental changes.However,considerable uncertainty remains regarding how biomass partitioning shifts with increasing N inputs in sandy ecosystems.To address this gap,we conducted a greenhouse N fertilization experiment in April 2024,using seeds from 20 dominant plant species in the Horqin Sandy Land of China representing 5 life forms:annual grasses,annual forbs,perennial grasses,perennial forbs,and shrubs.Six levels of N addition(0.0,3.5,7.0,14.0,21.0,and 49.0 g N/(m2•a),referred to as N0,N1,N2,N3,N4,and N5,respectively)were applied to investigate the effects of N inputs on biomass partitioning.Results showed that for all 20 dominant plant species,the root biomass:shoot biomass(R:S)consistently declined across all N addition treatments(P<0.050).Concurrently,N addition led to a 23.60%reduction in root biomass fraction,coupled with a 12.38%increase in shoot biomass fraction(P<0.050).Allometric partitioning analysis further indicated that N addition had no significant effect on the slopes of the allometric relationships(leaf biomass versus root biomass,stem biomass versus root biomass,and shoot biomass versus root biomass).This suggests that plants can adjust resource investment—such as allocating more resources to shoots—to optimize growth under favorable conditions without disrupting functional trade-offs between organs.Among different life forms,annual grasses,perennial grasses,and annual forbs exhibited increased allocation to aboveground biomass,enhancing productivity and potentially altering community composition and competitive hierarchies.In contrast,perennial forbs and shrubs maintained stable biomass partitioning across all N addition levels,reflecting conservative resource allocation strategies that support long-term ecosystem resilience in nutrient-poor environments.Taken together,these findings deepen our understanding of how nutrient enrichment influences biomass allocation and ecosystem dynamics across different plant life forms,offering practical implications for the management and restoration of degraded sandy ecosystems.
文摘Emerging contaminants,such as pharmaceuticals,pesticides,microplastics,and per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),pose significant environmental and health risks due to their persistence,bioaccumulative nature,and ecological toxicity.This mini-review examines their major sources,including industrial effluents,urban runoff,and landfill leachate,and highlights their detrimental impacts on aquatic biodiversity and human health.By synthesizing current research,the review emphasizes the urgent need for improved monitoring,regulatory interventions,and innovative mitigation strategies.It provides a concise overview to guide future research and inform policies aimed at safeguarding aquatic ecosystems and public health.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Key Foundation of Fujian Province,China(No.2020J02002)the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(No.ZDYF2022SHFZ317)。
文摘Micro-and nano-plastics,defined as plastic particles measuring≤5 mm,represent a class of contaminants of emerging concern.These particles are ubiquitous in aquatic environments,posing significant threats to both freshwater and marine organisms.The accumulation of micro-and nanoplastics in aquatic biota can lead to physical harm and chemical hazards,as these particles can serve as vectors for transporting toxic substances.As the research community strives to understand the transport and fate of micro-and nano-plastics,as well as their ecotoxicological implications,the scope of research questions continues to broaden.In response to these developments,the Journal of Oceanology and Limnology has recently launched a special issue entitled“Micro-and nano-plastics:an emerging contaminant in marine and freshwater ecosystems.”
文摘The relevance of the work lies in its relation to the sustainability of mountain ecosystems of Kyrgyzstan in the context of growing tourist activity.The study area belongs to mountain ecosystems,which are highly sensitive to anthropogenic loads,and with the increase in this impact,the main tourism resources can be lost.The main objective of the work is to create a scientific basis for sustainable development of the studied region with minimal impact on the natural environment.The sustainability of the underlying surface was analyzed considering altitude,orography,climatic and seasonal changes,terrain slope,and other factors.Dominant plant species characteristic of different altitudinal levels were taken into account.An assessment of the level of degradation of the studied ecosystems was provided,based on field methods,by creating“transects,”which allow the identification of different levels of sustainability under anthropogenic influences.Based on the degree of degradation,the sites were ranked into six degrees of degradation.For this purpose,plant and soil samples were collected to assess the tourist load.To determine the potential for the development of tourist flows,their one-time throughput capacity was calculated,based on the total number in a specific area.Measures were proposed to regulate the flow of vacationers throughout the mountainous region.For these purposes,the maximum number of tourists per daily flow was determined.A methodology was developed for assessing mountain tourist zones,which is important for further regulation of the flow of vacationers,and will allow for the sustainable development of these zones in the future.
基金funding provided by Universitàdegli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria within the CRUI-CARE Agreementfunded by Calabrian Region,grant number DDL n°16315657 del 13-12-2022,POR CALABRIA FESR-FSE 2014-2020 ASSE I-PROMOZIONE DELLA RICERCA 658 E DELL’INNOVAZIONE.
文摘Fires have historically played a natural role in shaping ecosystems,contributing to biodiversity and ecological renewal.However,in the Anthropocene,the interplay of climate change and human activities has exacerbated fire frequency and intensity,with cascading impacts on soil health,biodiversity,and ecosystem resilience.This study highlights the complex effects of fire on soil ecosystems,particularly in Mediterranean environments,by analysing the aftermath of the 2021 wildfire in Aspromonte National Park.The results of this research reveal the multifaceted impact of fire on soil composition and biological activity.Burned areas exhibited altered microbial communities,characterized by a higher biomass of bacteria and actinomycetes but reduced fungal presence,aligning with findings that fungi are more sensitive to heat than other microorganisms,particularly under moist conditions.Changes in enzyme activity,such as decreased oxidoreductase and hydrolase activities but elevated catalase activity,suggest significant metabolic adjustments among surviving microbial strains.Additionally,increased potassium,magnesium,sulphates,and total phenols in burned areas point to shifts in nutrient dynamics driven by the combustion of organic matter.Fire also impacted microarthropod communities but the rapid recovery of microarthropod communities that has been recognized by numerous authors suggests that fire may not universally impair soil biodiversity in Mediterranean environments.The transition zone played a critical intermediate role,retaining a higher organic matter content than the unburned zone,suggesting its potential as a buffer or recovery zone in post-fire dynamics.Microarthropod communities,while initially affected,demonstrated resilience in line with previous research,indicating that Mediterranean soils might possess adaptive mechanisms to recover from low-to moderate-severity wildfires.Importantly,the incorporation of ashes and partially burned organic material in such fires may lead to enhanced soil fertility,fostering bacterial and actinomycetes proliferation and facilitating ecosystem recovery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32471608)the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology,CAS(No.kf2020002)Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health.
文摘Elucidating the mechanisms underlying community assembly remains a central question in community ecology,especially in aquatic ecosystems disrupted by human activities.Understanding the causes and consequences of community responses to changing environment is essential for revealing the ecological effects of anthropogenic disturbances and proposing practical strategies for ecological restoration.While stochastic dispersal and species sorting are known to influence local biological communities,most studies have focused on horizontal dispersal,often neglecting the vertical exchange of organisms between planktonic and sedimentary communities when studying stochastic dispersal.We used a highly disturbed urban river in Beijing as a model system to investigate the relative roles of stochastic dispersal versus species sorting driven by local pollution,as well as two components of stochastic dispersal,vertical exchange and horizontal dispersal,in structuring local bacterial communities.Our integrated analyses of planktonic and sedimentary bacterial communities revealed that,despite different spatial patterns along the river,both types of bacterial communities were primarily shaped by stochastic dispersal processes rather than species sorting influenced by the environmental gradient.Notably,in addition to the effect of horizontal dispersal along the river,the vertical exchange between planktonic and sedimentary bacterial communities significantly contributed to the formation of local communities.These findings suggest that both vertical exchange and horizontal dispersal should be considered when assessing the role of stochastic dispersal in shaping local community structure in microbial communities.
文摘Groundwater overextraction and contamination by heavy metals such as cadmium and arsenic have resultedin ecological degradation and increased risks of renal disease,particularly in water-scarce regions.To address thesechallenges,this review aimed to evaluate the ecological potential of dew water harvesting as a sustainable and safealternative water source.Literature published between 2000 and 2024 was systematically searched in PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar using the terms“dew water,”“atmospheric water harvesting,”“groundwaterpollution,”“heavy metals,”“ecosystem restoration,”and“sustainable water systems.”Studies were included if theyfocused on dew water quality,ecological functions,or health-related outcomes,while non-English publications,conference abstracts without full text,and studies not directly addressing dew water were excluded.A total of 46 studiesand 7 official guidelines met the eligibility criteria.Findings indicate that natural dew water generally exhibits a neutralpH(6.5–8.5),negligible concentrations of heavy metals,and relatively high dissolved oxygen content(~9 mg/L).Casestudies from Morocco,Israel,China,and India illustrate its contributions to soil moisture retention,plant survival,biodiversity support,and microclimate regulation.Moreover,dew water produced through the Systemized Dew Process(SDP)consistently complied with WHO(2024)standards for drinking water,showing contaminant levels belowdetection thresholds.In conclusion,dew water harvesting represents a low-impact,climate-resilient,and safe alternativethat mitigates exposure to nephrotoxic pollutants,reduces reliance on overexploited groundwater,and enhances longtermecological restoration and water security in degraded and water-scarce environments.
