Ecosystem service flows(ESFs)can reveal the interrelationships and impacts between natural systems and human activities.We can improve the stability and sustainability of ecosystems,more effectively utilize natural re...Ecosystem service flows(ESFs)can reveal the interrelationships and impacts between natural systems and human activities.We can improve the stability and sustainability of ecosystems,more effectively utilize natural resources,protect the environment,and enhance the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature by comprehending ESFs.However,few studies have examined ESFs across scales and evaluated their sustainability;most have concentrated on regional scales.In order to quantify and analyze ESFs within the Jing River Basin(JRB)and between the JRB and the adjacent and distant regions from a water-food-energy perspective,this paper employs a meta-coupling framework.Additionally,it evaluates the sustainability of these flows using a techno-ecological synergy framework.The results show that the ESFs within the JRB was significant in 2020.Water production services were concentrated in the southern part of the JRB,while the distribution of food supply and carbon supply services was relatively even.Huan County emerged as the largest exporting county,providing 1.46×10^(8)kg of food to other counties and exporting 2.97×10^(6)kg of energy.The ESFs in the JRB primarily moved towards the neighboring and distant systems.Water production services flowed into the Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration(GPUA),amounting to 5.8×10^(6)kg.Carbon supply services flowed out at 2.4×10^(5)kg,and food exports were the highest,reaching 5.0×10^(7)kg.The ecosystem service flows from the JRB to both the neighboring and distant systems enhanced food security and ecological resilience.The basin itself demonstrated good sustainability in food supply services,with an index value reaching 48.19.In crossscale calculations of food production sustainability with the adjacent GPUA,the index value increased from 48.19 to 52.99,indicating a significant improvement.These findings demonstrate that applying the meta-coupling framework provides an effective approach to quantify ESFs and assess their sustainability across scales.展开更多
Assessments of ecological importance based on static indexes that do not consider service flows frequently underestimate the importance of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a"source".On the basis of natural envir...Assessments of ecological importance based on static indexes that do not consider service flows frequently underestimate the importance of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a"source".On the basis of natural environmental characteristics,this study selected six type of ecosystem services for evaluation,including water retention,soil retention,carbon sequestration,biodiversity conservation,sandstorm prevention,and tourism.According to the attributes of each ecosystem service flow,we calculated the flow length and traffic accessibility indexes,using Arc GIS hydrological module and kernel functions separately,to comprehensively analyse the ecological importance levels of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Results showed that after considering the service flows,the ecologically important zone shifted to the core area of the Three River Source Region,such as Zadoi County located in the Tanggula Mountains.The area of extreme importance is mainly distributed in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin,Tanggula Mountains,Hengduan Mountains,and Qilian Mountains,which accounts for 31.7%of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,providing approximately 60%of the ecosystem services and having extremely high protection efficiency and protection value.By introducing ecosystem service flow indexes,this study confirmed the ecological importance of core source areas such as the Tanggula Mountains,weakened the space bias caused by not considering the spatial transfer of ecosystem services,and provided technical support for optimizing ecological protection strategies and coordinating regional development.展开更多
Land degradation from water erosion poses a significant threat to water security and ecosystem stability,driving global efforts in soil conservation.Quantitative assessment of soil conservation benefitsdboth on-site a...Land degradation from water erosion poses a significant threat to water security and ecosystem stability,driving global efforts in soil conservation.Quantitative assessment of soil conservation benefitsdboth on-site and off-sitedis crucial for guiding effective conservation strategies.However,existing methodologies often fall short in quantifying the value of these combined benefits.Here,we present a comprehensive framework for quantifying soil conservation service flows in monetary terms,evaluating the effectiveness of both on-site and off-site measures.Applying this framework to the Yellow River Basin(YRB),we employ cost-avoidance algorithms related to soil fertility maintenance,dredging cost reduction,and mitigation of nonpoint source pollution.Our results reveal that while many areas contribute to both on-site and off-site benefits,over half of the YRB relies predominantly on off-site services.By strategically enhancing key regionsdwhich constitute 30%of the basindwe demonstrate that the overall soil conservation service supply can increase by 64.2%over the multi-year average from 2001 to 2020 compared to a consideration of on-site only.These findings underscore the essential role of off-site services in fully understanding soil conservation needs,particularly in large river basins,and the identified priority areas can offer valuable insights for optimizing soil conservation efforts.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant NO.42361040]。
文摘Ecosystem service flows(ESFs)can reveal the interrelationships and impacts between natural systems and human activities.We can improve the stability and sustainability of ecosystems,more effectively utilize natural resources,protect the environment,and enhance the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature by comprehending ESFs.However,few studies have examined ESFs across scales and evaluated their sustainability;most have concentrated on regional scales.In order to quantify and analyze ESFs within the Jing River Basin(JRB)and between the JRB and the adjacent and distant regions from a water-food-energy perspective,this paper employs a meta-coupling framework.Additionally,it evaluates the sustainability of these flows using a techno-ecological synergy framework.The results show that the ESFs within the JRB was significant in 2020.Water production services were concentrated in the southern part of the JRB,while the distribution of food supply and carbon supply services was relatively even.Huan County emerged as the largest exporting county,providing 1.46×10^(8)kg of food to other counties and exporting 2.97×10^(6)kg of energy.The ESFs in the JRB primarily moved towards the neighboring and distant systems.Water production services flowed into the Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration(GPUA),amounting to 5.8×10^(6)kg.Carbon supply services flowed out at 2.4×10^(5)kg,and food exports were the highest,reaching 5.0×10^(7)kg.The ecosystem service flows from the JRB to both the neighboring and distant systems enhanced food security and ecological resilience.The basin itself demonstrated good sustainability in food supply services,with an index value reaching 48.19.In crossscale calculations of food production sustainability with the adjacent GPUA,the index value increased from 48.19 to 52.99,indicating a significant improvement.These findings demonstrate that applying the meta-coupling framework provides an effective approach to quantify ESFs and assess their sustainability across scales.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(Grant No.2019QZKK0308)。
文摘Assessments of ecological importance based on static indexes that do not consider service flows frequently underestimate the importance of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a"source".On the basis of natural environmental characteristics,this study selected six type of ecosystem services for evaluation,including water retention,soil retention,carbon sequestration,biodiversity conservation,sandstorm prevention,and tourism.According to the attributes of each ecosystem service flow,we calculated the flow length and traffic accessibility indexes,using Arc GIS hydrological module and kernel functions separately,to comprehensively analyse the ecological importance levels of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Results showed that after considering the service flows,the ecologically important zone shifted to the core area of the Three River Source Region,such as Zadoi County located in the Tanggula Mountains.The area of extreme importance is mainly distributed in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin,Tanggula Mountains,Hengduan Mountains,and Qilian Mountains,which accounts for 31.7%of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,providing approximately 60%of the ecosystem services and having extremely high protection efficiency and protection value.By introducing ecosystem service flow indexes,this study confirmed the ecological importance of core source areas such as the Tanggula Mountains,weakened the space bias caused by not considering the spatial transfer of ecosystem services,and provided technical support for optimizing ecological protection strategies and coordinating regional development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42041005e5)F.T.M.acknowledges support from the University of Alicante(UADIF22-74 and VIGROB22-350)the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain(PID2020-116578RB-I00)。
文摘Land degradation from water erosion poses a significant threat to water security and ecosystem stability,driving global efforts in soil conservation.Quantitative assessment of soil conservation benefitsdboth on-site and off-sitedis crucial for guiding effective conservation strategies.However,existing methodologies often fall short in quantifying the value of these combined benefits.Here,we present a comprehensive framework for quantifying soil conservation service flows in monetary terms,evaluating the effectiveness of both on-site and off-site measures.Applying this framework to the Yellow River Basin(YRB),we employ cost-avoidance algorithms related to soil fertility maintenance,dredging cost reduction,and mitigation of nonpoint source pollution.Our results reveal that while many areas contribute to both on-site and off-site benefits,over half of the YRB relies predominantly on off-site services.By strategically enhancing key regionsdwhich constitute 30%of the basindwe demonstrate that the overall soil conservation service supply can increase by 64.2%over the multi-year average from 2001 to 2020 compared to a consideration of on-site only.These findings underscore the essential role of off-site services in fully understanding soil conservation needs,particularly in large river basins,and the identified priority areas can offer valuable insights for optimizing soil conservation efforts.
