Quality and stability are the basic characteristics of ecosystems,reflecting their structure,process,functional integrity,ability to resist disturbance,self-regulation,and dynamic balance.The quantitative description ...Quality and stability are the basic characteristics of ecosystems,reflecting their structure,process,functional integrity,ability to resist disturbance,self-regulation,and dynamic balance.The quantitative description of ecosystem quality and stability is an indispensable and important task to promote the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin as a major national strategy.In this study,an index evaluation system was constructed from the perspective of system governance,considering the special characteristics of the Yellow River Basin,and an entropy weight model was used to establish a multi-indicator long time series ecosystem quality evaluation index(EQI)to quantitatively describe the ecological quality changes in the Yellow River Basin over 40 years.The dissipative structure theory and Brussels apparatus model were used to establish quantitative indicators and methods,and provide ideas for the study of ecosystem homeostasis transformation in the Yellow River basin.This study found that:(1)the average EQI value of the Yellow River Basin ecosystem for 40 years was 63.96,the maximum and minimum values were 69.65 and 59.45,respectively;the overall quality showed an oscillating trend of improvement,with an annual increase of 0.03,and the spatial distribution was better in the downstream than in the midstream,and in the midstream than in the upstream;(2)The key factors influencing the system changed gradually from the total water consumption and total annual precipitation in the basin in the early stage to the average income of residents in the last 10 years.(3)The system steady-state transition force values from 1980 to 2019 were all<0,the steady-state conversion force of the Yellow River Basin ecosystem was low,but the overall trend was oscillating upward,and the overall trend was getting closer to the critical condition of steady-state conversion.展开更多
Based on a comprehensive review of the research progress in ecological protection and restoration both domestically and internationally,this paper summarizes the objectives and key focuses of the planning indicators a...Based on a comprehensive review of the research progress in ecological protection and restoration both domestically and internationally,this paper summarizes the objectives and key focuses of the planning indicators and policy monitoring for ecological protection and restoration on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The core objective is to establish an indicator system based on ecosystem quality and ecosystem services,monitor and assess the ecological,economic,and social benefits of implementing ecological protection and restoration policies,and then evaluate the harmonious development of"ecology-production-livelihood"nexus within the social-ecological system.Through a systematic literature review and frequency analysis,this study screens comprehensive benefit assessment indicators for ecological restoration and constructs a monitoring and evaluation system that includes four target layers:ecosystem pattern,ecosystem quality,ecosystem services,and social economic benefits.Subsequently,the paper elaborates on the implementation plan encompassing data acquisition,indicator calculation,and weight determination.In the concluding section,it delves into strategies for conducting adaptive monitoring of the social-ecological system in the context of ecological restoration and presents recommendations for the establishment and enhancement of a long-term monitoring mechanism for ecological protection and restoration monitoring mechanism.展开更多
Urbanization processes affect the ecosystem through alterations in ecological functions and landscape patterns. Currently, analysis of the total ecosystem services value （ESV） has targeted the overall benefits which...Urbanization processes affect the ecosystem through alterations in ecological functions and landscape patterns. Currently, analysis of the total ecosystem services value （ESV） has targeted the overall benefits which human beings obtain from the regional ecosystem but does not generally include information regarding ecological struc- tures and patterns. Therefore, the results cannot reflect the comprehensive state of the local ecosystem. We propose a new, integrative ecosystem quality indicator based on the ESV and landscape metrics for evaluating the quality of the regional ecosystem. We adopted the method of a coupled degree of coordination for evaluating the interrelationship between urbanization and ecosystem quality in Lianyun- gang City from 1985 to 2010. The coupling degree of coordination between urbanization and ecosystem quality showed an inverse U-shaped curve. At the primary stage of urbanization （1985-1995）, the degree of coupling of urbanization and the ecosystem was just barely balanced. From 1995 until 2000, the coupling system reached a balanced condition, in which the urbanization level increased. Since 2000, the urbanization process has accelerated. The coordination between urbanization and the ecosystem achieved the optimum condition in 2005. A turning point appeared at the same time, and the degree of coupling coordination began falling from the optimum. Subsequently, the coupled system once more entered a barely balanced state. Overall, the comprehensive level of ecosystem quality decreased since 1985 and degraded sharply after 2005, suggesting an overall degradation of the local ecosystem quality.展开更多
With increasing numbers and types of nature reserves(NRs),objective evaluation and comparison of the effects of different nature NRs on conservation efforts are of great importance for protecting species diversity,ens...With increasing numbers and types of nature reserves(NRs),objective evaluation and comparison of the effects of different nature NRs on conservation efforts are of great importance for protecting species diversity,ensuring reasonable national economic input,and adjusting government management schemes.Developing a method for the combined assessment of flagship or umbrella species and ecosystem quality will improve the evaluation of NRs.However,it is also important to establish a new framework for rapid evaluation of ecosystem quality,supported by the advantages of scientific,economic,and regular principles.Here,we proposed a new framework that incorporates the novel concept of ideal references into evaluation systems,which will facilitate the comparison of results from different periods and regions.Furthermore,from the perspective of making the framework as objective,rapid,and economical as possible,we recommended some key ecological indicators,such as net primary productivity,soil organic matter,plant diversity,for use in the new evaluation framework.The new framework,referred to as“ideal reference and key indicators”(IRKI),can sufficiently meet the requirements for the rapid evaluation of ecosystem quality both regionally and nationally.Furthermore,IRKI can identify the restoration potential and restoration periods of NRs,thus facilitating the rational distribution of resources and enhancing the protective effect.There are many types of NRs in China,and it is necessary to partially alter the assessment methods or parameters for different types of NRs.Overall,IRKI provides a simple,clear,and comparable framework that will strongly enhance the conservation of protected areas(PAs)and facilitate the standardization of management practices.展开更多
In the Anthropocene era,human activities have become increasingly complex and diversified.The natural ecosystems need higher ecological resilience to ensure regional sustainable development due to rapid urbanization a...In the Anthropocene era,human activities have become increasingly complex and diversified.The natural ecosystems need higher ecological resilience to ensure regional sustainable development due to rapid urbanization and industrialization as well as other intensified human activities,especially in arid and semi-arid areas.In the study,we chose the economic belt on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains(EBNSTM)in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China as a case study.By collecting geographic data and statistical data from 2010 and 2020,we constructed an ecological resilience assessment model based on the ecosystem habitat quality(EHQ),ecosystem landscape stability(ELS),and ecosystem service value(ESV).Further,we analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of ecological resilience in the EBNSTM from 2010 to 2020 by spatial autocorrelation analysis,and explored its responses to climate change and human activities using the geographically weighted regression(GWR)model.The results showed that the ecological resilience of the EBNSTM was at a low level and increased from 0.2732 to 0.2773 during 2010–2020.The spatial autocorrelation analysis of ecological resilience exhibited a spatial heterogeneity characteristic of"high in the western region and low in the eastern region",and the spatial clustering trend was enhanced during the study period.Desert,Gobi and rapidly urbanized areas showed low level of ecological resilience,and oasis and mountain areas exhibited high level of ecological resilience.Climate factors had an important impact on ecological resilience.Specifically,average annual temperature and annual precipitation were the key climate factors that improved ecological resilience,while average annual evapotranspiration was the main factor that blocked ecological resilience.Among the human activity factors,the distance from the main road showed a negative correlation with ecological resilience.Both night light index and PM2.5 concentration were negatively correlated with ecological resilience in the areas with better ecological conditions,whereas in the areas with poorer ecological conditions,the correlations were positive.The research findings could provide a scientific reference for protecting the ecological environment and promoting the harmony and stability of the human-land relationship in arid and semi-arid areas.展开更多
In order to evaluate the regulating effect of ＂ aquatic environment protection oriented fishery＂ on aquatic ecosystem,the water quality,plankton community structure,biomass,diversity index,eutrophication index and e...In order to evaluate the regulating effect of ＂ aquatic environment protection oriented fishery＂ on aquatic ecosystem,the water quality,plankton community structure,biomass,diversity index,eutrophication index and ecosystem maturity evaluated with Ecopath model were compared from 2010 to 2012 in Qiaodun Reservoir of Zhejiang Province. It was indicated that the water quality had been improved obviously. The water transparency maximally increased by 130%,while TP,TN and CODCrwere reduced. The density and biomass of the plankton were decreased,so was the ratio of Cynobacteria in phytoplankton community. The Shannon-Weaver index was increased; the trophic level was decreased; the ecosystem maturity was improved. By all accounts,the ＂ aquatic environment protection oriented fishery＂ had positive effects on maintaining the balance of reservoir ecosystem and ensuring the safety of drinking water.展开更多
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3204305).
文摘Quality and stability are the basic characteristics of ecosystems,reflecting their structure,process,functional integrity,ability to resist disturbance,self-regulation,and dynamic balance.The quantitative description of ecosystem quality and stability is an indispensable and important task to promote the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin as a major national strategy.In this study,an index evaluation system was constructed from the perspective of system governance,considering the special characteristics of the Yellow River Basin,and an entropy weight model was used to establish a multi-indicator long time series ecosystem quality evaluation index(EQI)to quantitatively describe the ecological quality changes in the Yellow River Basin over 40 years.The dissipative structure theory and Brussels apparatus model were used to establish quantitative indicators and methods,and provide ideas for the study of ecosystem homeostasis transformation in the Yellow River basin.This study found that:(1)the average EQI value of the Yellow River Basin ecosystem for 40 years was 63.96,the maximum and minimum values were 69.65 and 59.45,respectively;the overall quality showed an oscillating trend of improvement,with an annual increase of 0.03,and the spatial distribution was better in the downstream than in the midstream,and in the midstream than in the upstream;(2)The key factors influencing the system changed gradually from the total water consumption and total annual precipitation in the basin in the early stage to the average income of residents in the last 10 years.(3)The system steady-state transition force values from 1980 to 2019 were all<0,the steady-state conversion force of the Yellow River Basin ecosystem was low,but the overall trend was oscillating upward,and the overall trend was getting closer to the critical condition of steady-state conversion.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1304304)The Monitoring of Social and Economic Benefits of Key Forestry and Grassland Projects,Development Research Center,National Forestry and Grassland Administration(JYC-2022-0053)。
文摘Based on a comprehensive review of the research progress in ecological protection and restoration both domestically and internationally,this paper summarizes the objectives and key focuses of the planning indicators and policy monitoring for ecological protection and restoration on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The core objective is to establish an indicator system based on ecosystem quality and ecosystem services,monitor and assess the ecological,economic,and social benefits of implementing ecological protection and restoration policies,and then evaluate the harmonious development of"ecology-production-livelihood"nexus within the social-ecological system.Through a systematic literature review and frequency analysis,this study screens comprehensive benefit assessment indicators for ecological restoration and constructs a monitoring and evaluation system that includes four target layers:ecosystem pattern,ecosystem quality,ecosystem services,and social economic benefits.Subsequently,the paper elaborates on the implementation plan encompassing data acquisition,indicator calculation,and weight determination.In the concluding section,it delves into strategies for conducting adaptive monitoring of the social-ecological system in the context of ecological restoration and presents recommendations for the establishment and enhancement of a long-term monitoring mechanism for ecological protection and restoration monitoring mechanism.
基金We appreciate the contributions made by the reviewers to improve the paper＇s quality. This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 41271008）, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China （20720150074）, the Key Laboratory of the Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Land and Resource of China （2013CZEPK07）, Innovation Fund for Ph.D Students of Jiangsu Province （Grant No. CXLX12- 0057） and Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse.
文摘Urbanization processes affect the ecosystem through alterations in ecological functions and landscape patterns. Currently, analysis of the total ecosystem services value （ESV） has targeted the overall benefits which human beings obtain from the regional ecosystem but does not generally include information regarding ecological struc- tures and patterns. Therefore, the results cannot reflect the comprehensive state of the local ecosystem. We propose a new, integrative ecosystem quality indicator based on the ESV and landscape metrics for evaluating the quality of the regional ecosystem. We adopted the method of a coupled degree of coordination for evaluating the interrelationship between urbanization and ecosystem quality in Lianyun- gang City from 1985 to 2010. The coupling degree of coordination between urbanization and ecosystem quality showed an inverse U-shaped curve. At the primary stage of urbanization （1985-1995）, the degree of coupling of urbanization and the ecosystem was just barely balanced. From 1995 until 2000, the coupling system reached a balanced condition, in which the urbanization level increased. Since 2000, the urbanization process has accelerated. The coordination between urbanization and the ecosystem achieved the optimum condition in 2005. A turning point appeared at the same time, and the degree of coupling coordination began falling from the optimum. Subsequently, the coupled system once more entered a barely balanced state. Overall, the comprehensive level of ecosystem quality decreased since 1985 and degraded sharply after 2005, suggesting an overall degradation of the local ecosystem quality.
基金The Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program(XDA23080401)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171544,31988102).
文摘With increasing numbers and types of nature reserves(NRs),objective evaluation and comparison of the effects of different nature NRs on conservation efforts are of great importance for protecting species diversity,ensuring reasonable national economic input,and adjusting government management schemes.Developing a method for the combined assessment of flagship or umbrella species and ecosystem quality will improve the evaluation of NRs.However,it is also important to establish a new framework for rapid evaluation of ecosystem quality,supported by the advantages of scientific,economic,and regular principles.Here,we proposed a new framework that incorporates the novel concept of ideal references into evaluation systems,which will facilitate the comparison of results from different periods and regions.Furthermore,from the perspective of making the framework as objective,rapid,and economical as possible,we recommended some key ecological indicators,such as net primary productivity,soil organic matter,plant diversity,for use in the new evaluation framework.The new framework,referred to as“ideal reference and key indicators”(IRKI),can sufficiently meet the requirements for the rapid evaluation of ecosystem quality both regionally and nationally.Furthermore,IRKI can identify the restoration potential and restoration periods of NRs,thus facilitating the rational distribution of resources and enhancing the protective effect.There are many types of NRs in China,and it is necessary to partially alter the assessment methods or parameters for different types of NRs.Overall,IRKI provides a simple,clear,and comparable framework that will strongly enhance the conservation of protected areas(PAs)and facilitate the standardization of management practices.
基金supported by Special Funds for Scientific Research of Community Project,Ministry of Water Resources(No.200801001)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40721140020 & 40730632)
基金supported by the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program (2021xjkk0905).
文摘In the Anthropocene era,human activities have become increasingly complex and diversified.The natural ecosystems need higher ecological resilience to ensure regional sustainable development due to rapid urbanization and industrialization as well as other intensified human activities,especially in arid and semi-arid areas.In the study,we chose the economic belt on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains(EBNSTM)in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China as a case study.By collecting geographic data and statistical data from 2010 and 2020,we constructed an ecological resilience assessment model based on the ecosystem habitat quality(EHQ),ecosystem landscape stability(ELS),and ecosystem service value(ESV).Further,we analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of ecological resilience in the EBNSTM from 2010 to 2020 by spatial autocorrelation analysis,and explored its responses to climate change and human activities using the geographically weighted regression(GWR)model.The results showed that the ecological resilience of the EBNSTM was at a low level and increased from 0.2732 to 0.2773 during 2010–2020.The spatial autocorrelation analysis of ecological resilience exhibited a spatial heterogeneity characteristic of"high in the western region and low in the eastern region",and the spatial clustering trend was enhanced during the study period.Desert,Gobi and rapidly urbanized areas showed low level of ecological resilience,and oasis and mountain areas exhibited high level of ecological resilience.Climate factors had an important impact on ecological resilience.Specifically,average annual temperature and annual precipitation were the key climate factors that improved ecological resilience,while average annual evapotranspiration was the main factor that blocked ecological resilience.Among the human activity factors,the distance from the main road showed a negative correlation with ecological resilience.Both night light index and PM2.5 concentration were negatively correlated with ecological resilience in the areas with better ecological conditions,whereas in the areas with poorer ecological conditions,the correlations were positive.The research findings could provide a scientific reference for protecting the ecological environment and promoting the harmony and stability of the human-land relationship in arid and semi-arid areas.
基金Supported by Special Project of Public Welfare Industry(Agriculture)Science Research,Ministry of Agriculture,China(201303056)Zhejiang Standardization Research Project,China(2010-10)
文摘In order to evaluate the regulating effect of ＂ aquatic environment protection oriented fishery＂ on aquatic ecosystem,the water quality,plankton community structure,biomass,diversity index,eutrophication index and ecosystem maturity evaluated with Ecopath model were compared from 2010 to 2012 in Qiaodun Reservoir of Zhejiang Province. It was indicated that the water quality had been improved obviously. The water transparency maximally increased by 130%,while TP,TN and CODCrwere reduced. The density and biomass of the plankton were decreased,so was the ratio of Cynobacteria in phytoplankton community. The Shannon-Weaver index was increased; the trophic level was decreased; the ecosystem maturity was improved. By all accounts,the ＂ aquatic environment protection oriented fishery＂ had positive effects on maintaining the balance of reservoir ecosystem and ensuring the safety of drinking water.
