Urban planning has become a widely concern for minimizing the negative effects of urban expansion on terrestrial ecosystems. We developed an interdisciplinary modeling framework to evaluate the effectiveness and short...Urban planning has become a widely concern for minimizing the negative effects of urban expansion on terrestrial ecosystems. We developed an interdisciplinary modeling framework to evaluate the effectiveness and shortcomings of urban expansion management strategies. A three-step method was applied to Yinchuan Plain in the northwestern of China, including(1)analyzing the relationship between landscape pattern and ecosystem service values through mathematical statistics;(2) predicting landscape pattern and ecosystem services change under different scenarios based on cellular automaton model(SLEUTH-3r model); and(3) designing and validating optimized scenario through integrating historical analysis experiments and future multi-comparison suggestions. Results have suggested that landscape composition and configuration can significantly affect regional ecosystem service values, especially the connectivity and shape of landscape. Compact urban growth policy and medium environment protection policy are the appropriate setting for urban expansion plan. Optimization validation of the combined designed scenario implied the reliability of this method. Our results highlighted the significance of integrating application of landscape pattern analysis, ecosystem service value evaluation,model simulation and multi-scenario prediction in urban planning.展开更多
Although several previous studies in Inner Mongolia examined the effects of ecological conservation on the delivery of ecosystem services, they were often limited in scope（few ecosystem services were assessed） and o...Although several previous studies in Inner Mongolia examined the effects of ecological conservation on the delivery of ecosystem services, they were often limited in scope（few ecosystem services were assessed） and often suffered from confounding by spatial variation. In this study, we examined the impact of conservation measures（changes in grassland utilization patterns） on the provision of selected ecosystem services in three types of grasslands（meadow steppe in Hulun Buir, typical steppe in Xilin Gol, and semi-desert steppe in Ordos） in Inner Mongolia. We examined five utilization patterns： no use（natural grasslands）, light use, moderate use, intensive use, and recovery sites（degraded sites protected from further use）. Through household surveys and vegetation and soil surveys, we measured the differences in ecosystem services among the different grassland utilization patterns. We also identified spatial factors that confounded the quantification of ecosystem services in different types of grasslands. We found that light use generally provided high levels of ecosystem services in meadow steppe and typical steppe, with the main differences in the supporting ecosystem services. Surprisingly, we found no consistently positive impacts of strict conservation activities across the sites, since the results varied spatially and with respect to differences in the land-use patterns. Our study suggests that appropriate grassland utilization patterns can enhance the supply of ecosystem services and reduce negative effects on both household livelihoods and the environment.展开更多
During land transformation process in the human history, naturalized plants were introduced to several land use patterns by the different ways of plant itself. Including some naturalized plants that had been contribut...During land transformation process in the human history, naturalized plants were introduced to several land use patterns by the different ways of plant itself. Including some naturalized plants that had been contribute to land restoration, many naturalized plants have been invaded to original habitat or landscape for native plants. Once the plants were colonized, they extend their area and population size. Urban developed areas often give an important role of source habitat for naturalized plants and expanding their population size. In recent, this situation is appearing as one of environmental problems about the urban landscape management controlling the naturalized plants that invaded in the developed area and conserving the native vegetation. This paper is focusing on relationships between distribution of habitat of naturalized plants and landscape patch in urban area in Seoul. Gangdong-Gu, one of the administrative areas in Seoul was selected for this study. We examined the recent land use change using LANDSAT TM data and spreading of the representative naturalized plants (Robinia pseudoacacia and Eupatorium rugosum) by Seoul Biotope Mapping Project and field survey in 1999. As a result, these two species were often occurred in the same habitat and distributed in forest edge disturbed by man. Their distribution patterns were related to landscape indices (patch size and shape) in the forest edge.展开更多
Water is the most critical factor for controlling die vegetation pattern in arid and semiarid regions.Using a dye-tracing experiment,we analyzed the infiltration pattern beneath shrub canopy and interspace grass patch...Water is the most critical factor for controlling die vegetation pattern in arid and semiarid regions.Using a dye-tracing experiment,we analyzed the infiltration pattern beneath shrub canopy and interspace grass patches in typical steppe ecosystems.The dye coverage,uniform infiltration depth,maximum infiltration depth,total stained area and heterogeneous infiltration stained area were measured by two indices,the maximum infiltration depth index(MIDI)and heterogeneous infiltration index(HII),which were calculated by processing dye-stained photos.The MIDI and HII of soil under shrubs were 1.41±0.14 and 0.29±0.068,respectively,and larger than those of grass soil,1.26±0.14 and0.20±0.076.Using the MIDI,HII,field soil moisture and rainfall data,the infiltration depth and heterogeneous infiltration amount for 26 nature rainfall events were calculated.The results imply that water can infiltrate to a deeper layer beneath shrub canopy than beneath grass patches and that more water infiltration occurs beneath shrub canopy than beneath grass patches.These results are of prime importance for arid and semiarid ecosystems with a limited water supply due to high evaporation and low precipitation.展开更多
江淮地区地处南北过渡带,具有生物多样性、气候调节、农业及粮食安全、生态服务等生态重要性。滁州市为南北交通重要枢纽,境内岗地、丘陵和平原交错分布,具有典型江淮地区特征。本文以江淮地区典型城市滁州市为例,基于2000、2010、2020...江淮地区地处南北过渡带,具有生物多样性、气候调节、农业及粮食安全、生态服务等生态重要性。滁州市为南北交通重要枢纽,境内岗地、丘陵和平原交错分布,具有典型江淮地区特征。本文以江淮地区典型城市滁州市为例,基于2000、2010、2020年3期土地利用数据,在土地转移矩阵、景观格局指数、灰色关联度等有关理论的基础上,分析滁州市2000—2020年土地利用与景观格局变化特征,基于Flus模型预测2030年滁州市土地利用情景,综合评估土地利用演变、景观格局变化、生态系统服务价值(ecosystem service value,ESV)变化及ESV与景观格局变化的相关性。结果表明:1)耕地为滁州市主导景观类型,2000—2020年建设用地不断扩张,林地面积增加,耕地、草地面积减小。2)2000—2020年滁州市景观格局变化明显,景观趋于破碎化、复杂化。3)2000—2020年滁州市ESV总量先增后减,整体下降。水域是滁州市ESV的主体,空间分布具有集聚性特点。4)滁州市景观层次ESV与最大斑块指数(LPI)、散布与并列指数(IJI)、景观形状指数(ISI)、斑块密度(PD)平均关联度等密切相关,斑块类型层次上景观格局指数与景观类型ESV关联度在一定程度上具有差异性和一致性。5)2030年土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)呈现以琅琊区中心城区为中心不断向外扩张的趋势,建设用地分散程度加深,其抵御生态风险的能力将趋于好转且各项景观格局数据将发生周期性变化,ESV总量同比增长0.78亿元。研究结果可为江淮地区城市优化景观格局、制定科学的土地利用政策等提供参考。展开更多
陆地生态系统碳储量是反映区域生态产品价值核算和增汇减排的重要指标,利用遥感技术开展陆地生态系统碳储量估算与空间反演,可为生态系统固碳潜力及“双碳”目标达成提供重要参考。该文利用Landsat8 OLI影像提取遥感变量,结合单波段、...陆地生态系统碳储量是反映区域生态产品价值核算和增汇减排的重要指标,利用遥感技术开展陆地生态系统碳储量估算与空间反演,可为生态系统固碳潜力及“双碳”目标达成提供重要参考。该文利用Landsat8 OLI影像提取遥感变量,结合单波段、植被指数、纹理因子和地形因子,通过最小信息准则(Akaike information criterion corrected,AICc)和交叉验证(cross-validation,CV)确定最优带宽,采用Gaussian,Bisquare和Exponential核函数构建地理加权回归(geographically weighted regression,GWR)模型估算艾比湖流域碳储量,并与多元线性回归(multiple linear regression,MLR)模型对比,选择最优模型估算碳储量空间分布。结果表明:①GWR模型精度优于MLR模型,以CV与Exponential核函数组合的GWR模型最佳,其精度提升16.31%~66.69%,能较好地反映空间异质性;②2023年流域碳储量约426.28×10^(6)t,地上、地下和土壤碳储量占比分别为31.83%,24.33%和43.28%;③2014—2023年碳储量呈减少趋势,呈现“环艾比湖区低,四周高”的空间格局,其中,以草地生态系统碳储量下降最为显著。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant number 41371176]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[Grant number lzujbky_2017_it91]
文摘Urban planning has become a widely concern for minimizing the negative effects of urban expansion on terrestrial ecosystems. We developed an interdisciplinary modeling framework to evaluate the effectiveness and shortcomings of urban expansion management strategies. A three-step method was applied to Yinchuan Plain in the northwestern of China, including(1)analyzing the relationship between landscape pattern and ecosystem service values through mathematical statistics;(2) predicting landscape pattern and ecosystem services change under different scenarios based on cellular automaton model(SLEUTH-3r model); and(3) designing and validating optimized scenario through integrating historical analysis experiments and future multi-comparison suggestions. Results have suggested that landscape composition and configuration can significantly affect regional ecosystem service values, especially the connectivity and shape of landscape. Compact urban growth policy and medium environment protection policy are the appropriate setting for urban expansion plan. Optimization validation of the combined designed scenario implied the reliability of this method. Our results highlighted the significance of integrating application of landscape pattern analysis, ecosystem service value evaluation,model simulation and multi-scenario prediction in urban planning.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41671517National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2016YFC0503700
文摘Although several previous studies in Inner Mongolia examined the effects of ecological conservation on the delivery of ecosystem services, they were often limited in scope（few ecosystem services were assessed） and often suffered from confounding by spatial variation. In this study, we examined the impact of conservation measures（changes in grassland utilization patterns） on the provision of selected ecosystem services in three types of grasslands（meadow steppe in Hulun Buir, typical steppe in Xilin Gol, and semi-desert steppe in Ordos） in Inner Mongolia. We examined five utilization patterns： no use（natural grasslands）, light use, moderate use, intensive use, and recovery sites（degraded sites protected from further use）. Through household surveys and vegetation and soil surveys, we measured the differences in ecosystem services among the different grassland utilization patterns. We also identified spatial factors that confounded the quantification of ecosystem services in different types of grasslands. We found that light use generally provided high levels of ecosystem services in meadow steppe and typical steppe, with the main differences in the supporting ecosystem services. Surprisingly, we found no consistently positive impacts of strict conservation activities across the sites, since the results varied spatially and with respect to differences in the land-use patterns. Our study suggests that appropriate grassland utilization patterns can enhance the supply of ecosystem services and reduce negative effects on both household livelihoods and the environment.
文摘During land transformation process in the human history, naturalized plants were introduced to several land use patterns by the different ways of plant itself. Including some naturalized plants that had been contribute to land restoration, many naturalized plants have been invaded to original habitat or landscape for native plants. Once the plants were colonized, they extend their area and population size. Urban developed areas often give an important role of source habitat for naturalized plants and expanding their population size. In recent, this situation is appearing as one of environmental problems about the urban landscape management controlling the naturalized plants that invaded in the developed area and conserving the native vegetation. This paper is focusing on relationships between distribution of habitat of naturalized plants and landscape patch in urban area in Seoul. Gangdong-Gu, one of the administrative areas in Seoul was selected for this study. We examined the recent land use change using LANDSAT TM data and spreading of the representative naturalized plants (Robinia pseudoacacia and Eupatorium rugosum) by Seoul Biotope Mapping Project and field survey in 1999. As a result, these two species were often occurred in the same habitat and distributed in forest edge disturbed by man. Their distribution patterns were related to landscape indices (patch size and shape) in the forest edge.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China （41025001, 41130640 ）We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable and constructive comments. The authors also wish to thank the Shuai Guan-yuan and Sun Xiu-min for assistance in the field work.
文摘Water is the most critical factor for controlling die vegetation pattern in arid and semiarid regions.Using a dye-tracing experiment,we analyzed the infiltration pattern beneath shrub canopy and interspace grass patches in typical steppe ecosystems.The dye coverage,uniform infiltration depth,maximum infiltration depth,total stained area and heterogeneous infiltration stained area were measured by two indices,the maximum infiltration depth index(MIDI)and heterogeneous infiltration index(HII),which were calculated by processing dye-stained photos.The MIDI and HII of soil under shrubs were 1.41±0.14 and 0.29±0.068,respectively,and larger than those of grass soil,1.26±0.14 and0.20±0.076.Using the MIDI,HII,field soil moisture and rainfall data,the infiltration depth and heterogeneous infiltration amount for 26 nature rainfall events were calculated.The results imply that water can infiltrate to a deeper layer beneath shrub canopy than beneath grass patches and that more water infiltration occurs beneath shrub canopy than beneath grass patches.These results are of prime importance for arid and semiarid ecosystems with a limited water supply due to high evaporation and low precipitation.
文摘江淮地区地处南北过渡带,具有生物多样性、气候调节、农业及粮食安全、生态服务等生态重要性。滁州市为南北交通重要枢纽,境内岗地、丘陵和平原交错分布,具有典型江淮地区特征。本文以江淮地区典型城市滁州市为例,基于2000、2010、2020年3期土地利用数据,在土地转移矩阵、景观格局指数、灰色关联度等有关理论的基础上,分析滁州市2000—2020年土地利用与景观格局变化特征,基于Flus模型预测2030年滁州市土地利用情景,综合评估土地利用演变、景观格局变化、生态系统服务价值(ecosystem service value,ESV)变化及ESV与景观格局变化的相关性。结果表明:1)耕地为滁州市主导景观类型,2000—2020年建设用地不断扩张,林地面积增加,耕地、草地面积减小。2)2000—2020年滁州市景观格局变化明显,景观趋于破碎化、复杂化。3)2000—2020年滁州市ESV总量先增后减,整体下降。水域是滁州市ESV的主体,空间分布具有集聚性特点。4)滁州市景观层次ESV与最大斑块指数(LPI)、散布与并列指数(IJI)、景观形状指数(ISI)、斑块密度(PD)平均关联度等密切相关,斑块类型层次上景观格局指数与景观类型ESV关联度在一定程度上具有差异性和一致性。5)2030年土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)呈现以琅琊区中心城区为中心不断向外扩张的趋势,建设用地分散程度加深,其抵御生态风险的能力将趋于好转且各项景观格局数据将发生周期性变化,ESV总量同比增长0.78亿元。研究结果可为江淮地区城市优化景观格局、制定科学的土地利用政策等提供参考。
文摘陆地生态系统碳储量是反映区域生态产品价值核算和增汇减排的重要指标,利用遥感技术开展陆地生态系统碳储量估算与空间反演,可为生态系统固碳潜力及“双碳”目标达成提供重要参考。该文利用Landsat8 OLI影像提取遥感变量,结合单波段、植被指数、纹理因子和地形因子,通过最小信息准则(Akaike information criterion corrected,AICc)和交叉验证(cross-validation,CV)确定最优带宽,采用Gaussian,Bisquare和Exponential核函数构建地理加权回归(geographically weighted regression,GWR)模型估算艾比湖流域碳储量,并与多元线性回归(multiple linear regression,MLR)模型对比,选择最优模型估算碳储量空间分布。结果表明:①GWR模型精度优于MLR模型,以CV与Exponential核函数组合的GWR模型最佳,其精度提升16.31%~66.69%,能较好地反映空间异质性;②2023年流域碳储量约426.28×10^(6)t,地上、地下和土壤碳储量占比分别为31.83%,24.33%和43.28%;③2014—2023年碳储量呈减少趋势,呈现“环艾比湖区低,四周高”的空间格局,其中,以草地生态系统碳储量下降最为显著。
