Insects of the Jehol Biota,also known as the Jehol Entomofauna,can be divided into three phases,approximately corresponding to the early,middle,and late Jehol Biota.The early phase of the entomofauna is found in the D...Insects of the Jehol Biota,also known as the Jehol Entomofauna,can be divided into three phases,approximately corresponding to the early,middle,and late Jehol Biota.The early phase of the entomofauna is found in the Dabeigou Formation and its coeval horizons(ca.135-130 Ma).The middle phase is recorded from the lower-middle Yixian Formation(underlying the Jingangshan Bed) and its coeval strata(ca.130-122.5 Ma).The late phase is found in the lower Jiufotang Formation,the upper Yixian Formation(the Jingangshan and Huanghuashan beds) and their coeval horizons(ca.122.5-120 Ma).In major distribution areas of the Jehol Biota,the entomofauna changed greatly in species diversity with about 150 species in about 40 families and 11 orders in the early phase,a great increase up to about 500 species in about 100 families and 16 orders in the middle phase,and a decline to about 300 species in about 80 families and 14 orders in the late phase.The entomofauna can also be divided into four insect communities based on habitats or five insect groups based on feeding habits.Each community or group varied in species diversity in a similar trend to the whole entomofauna.However,it kept a comparatively stable position in the ecosystem.Of the four communities,the highest species diversity occurred in the forest community,followed by the aquatic,the soil,and the alpine communities.Of the five groups,the highest species diversity appeared in the phytophagous group,followed by the carnivorous,the parasitic,the saprophagous,and the heterophagous groups.展开更多
The Northeast Asian Climate Transitional Zone(NACTZ),located in northeastern Asia,lies at the intersection of the East Asian monsoon circulation and mid-latitude westerlies(Chen et al.2024).This region forms a transit...The Northeast Asian Climate Transitional Zone(NACTZ),located in northeastern Asia,lies at the intersection of the East Asian monsoon circulation and mid-latitude westerlies(Chen et al.2024).This region forms a transitional belt between the humid monsoon climate and the arid climate.The multiple transitional attributes of the region have given rise to a diversity of ecosystems,including forests and grasslands,croplands,gobi,and deserts.展开更多
Introduction:Sustainable use of biocultural diversity can help achieve Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in many ways.The tribal communities of bio-culturally rich Northeastern India rely heavily on local food resour...Introduction:Sustainable use of biocultural diversity can help achieve Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in many ways.The tribal communities of bio-culturally rich Northeastern India rely heavily on local food resources and knowledge for livelihood security.In this study with Adi women of East Siang district,Arunachal Pradesh,India,we aimed to understand(i)access and use patterns for biocultural plants and animal species from diverse ecosystems and(ii)species diversity and conservation strategies deployed by Adis.We employed a novel participatory approach called“recipe contest”to mobilize Adi women from 15 randomly selected remote and transitional villages.Data collected through interviews,focus group discussions and transect walks from 75 women,were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods.Results:We found that traditional local food was linked intricately with women’s knowledge,access patterns,and socio-cultural institutions.From an end-user perspective,remote Adi villages had more widespread use of plant species(14 as food;34 as food-cum-ethnomedicine and 13 as income-generating species)and animal(17)as food in remote than in transitional villages.Further,there were significant differences(p<0.000;0244 and 0.000,respectively)across the social groups for use of plant-and animal-derived food and ethnomedicine.Among different land use systems(i.e.,Jhum lands,home gardens,and morang forests),the highest diversity for food plant was found in home gardens while that for food-cum-ethnomedicinal plants and animal species was observed in morang forests.Adi women apply traditional agronomic,cultural,and harvest strategies,based on local knowledge and institutions and varying with social systems,to conserve their key local resources.Significant correlations(r=0.63 to 0.92)were seen between conservation and use of food and animal species.Traditional knowledge on these aspects was linked intricately to the socio-cultural milieu and is transmitted inter-generationally through various social institutions.Conclusions:Cultural food practices,crucial to social-ecological resilience and livelihood security of Adi and similar indigenous communities confronting global environmental challenges,need to be mainstreamed with relevant policies for achieving some targets of SDGs.展开更多
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB806400)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40872015)
文摘Insects of the Jehol Biota,also known as the Jehol Entomofauna,can be divided into three phases,approximately corresponding to the early,middle,and late Jehol Biota.The early phase of the entomofauna is found in the Dabeigou Formation and its coeval horizons(ca.135-130 Ma).The middle phase is recorded from the lower-middle Yixian Formation(underlying the Jingangshan Bed) and its coeval strata(ca.130-122.5 Ma).The late phase is found in the lower Jiufotang Formation,the upper Yixian Formation(the Jingangshan and Huanghuashan beds) and their coeval horizons(ca.122.5-120 Ma).In major distribution areas of the Jehol Biota,the entomofauna changed greatly in species diversity with about 150 species in about 40 families and 11 orders in the early phase,a great increase up to about 500 species in about 100 families and 16 orders in the middle phase,and a decline to about 300 species in about 80 families and 14 orders in the late phase.The entomofauna can also be divided into four insect communities based on habitats or five insect groups based on feeding habits.Each community or group varied in species diversity in a similar trend to the whole entomofauna.However,it kept a comparatively stable position in the ecosystem.Of the four communities,the highest species diversity occurred in the forest community,followed by the aquatic,the soil,and the alpine communities.Of the five groups,the highest species diversity appeared in the phytophagous group,followed by the carnivorous,the parasitic,the saprophagous,and the heterophagous groups.
基金supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42230605 and 42405042)Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(Award numbers 202403AP140009,202505AB350001,and 202302AP370003)。
文摘The Northeast Asian Climate Transitional Zone(NACTZ),located in northeastern Asia,lies at the intersection of the East Asian monsoon circulation and mid-latitude westerlies(Chen et al.2024).This region forms a transitional belt between the humid monsoon climate and the arid climate.The multiple transitional attributes of the region have given rise to a diversity of ecosystems,including forests and grasslands,croplands,gobi,and deserts.
基金This study was financially supported by National Innovation Foundation-India,Ahemdabad and Central Agricultural University,Pasighat,Arunachal Pradesh,India,through research projects on traditional foods and Rural Horti-culture Work Experience.
文摘Introduction:Sustainable use of biocultural diversity can help achieve Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in many ways.The tribal communities of bio-culturally rich Northeastern India rely heavily on local food resources and knowledge for livelihood security.In this study with Adi women of East Siang district,Arunachal Pradesh,India,we aimed to understand(i)access and use patterns for biocultural plants and animal species from diverse ecosystems and(ii)species diversity and conservation strategies deployed by Adis.We employed a novel participatory approach called“recipe contest”to mobilize Adi women from 15 randomly selected remote and transitional villages.Data collected through interviews,focus group discussions and transect walks from 75 women,were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods.Results:We found that traditional local food was linked intricately with women’s knowledge,access patterns,and socio-cultural institutions.From an end-user perspective,remote Adi villages had more widespread use of plant species(14 as food;34 as food-cum-ethnomedicine and 13 as income-generating species)and animal(17)as food in remote than in transitional villages.Further,there were significant differences(p<0.000;0244 and 0.000,respectively)across the social groups for use of plant-and animal-derived food and ethnomedicine.Among different land use systems(i.e.,Jhum lands,home gardens,and morang forests),the highest diversity for food plant was found in home gardens while that for food-cum-ethnomedicinal plants and animal species was observed in morang forests.Adi women apply traditional agronomic,cultural,and harvest strategies,based on local knowledge and institutions and varying with social systems,to conserve their key local resources.Significant correlations(r=0.63 to 0.92)were seen between conservation and use of food and animal species.Traditional knowledge on these aspects was linked intricately to the socio-cultural milieu and is transmitted inter-generationally through various social institutions.Conclusions:Cultural food practices,crucial to social-ecological resilience and livelihood security of Adi and similar indigenous communities confronting global environmental challenges,need to be mainstreamed with relevant policies for achieving some targets of SDGs.
