The purpose of this article is to classify the regional economic types and development dynamics of small towns in suburb Beijing by applying the classification methods developed by Nelson's method and Location Quo...The purpose of this article is to classify the regional economic types and development dynamics of small towns in suburb Beijing by applying the classification methods developed by Nelson's method and Location Quotient method into 183 small towns in Beijing.Four types of small towns are thus identified,including urban agriculture dominated towns,manufacturing dominated towns,service industry dominated towns and comprehensive type towns with balanced economic development.Within the environment of geographical information system,the spatial distribution pattern of four types of small towns with their evolution trend is analyzed.The results indicate that four types of small towns have obvious'core-periphery'spatial structure but with different functional orientations and evolution mechanisms.Based on this,the different development strategies for each type of small towns are summarized,providing a scientific reference for the differentiating planning and development strategies of these small towns.展开更多
The types of operation play a key role in facilitating tourism consumption and economic development in a tourism destination. By adopting evolutionary economic geography theory, the paper analyzes the types of operati...The types of operation play a key role in facilitating tourism consumption and economic development in a tourism destination. By adopting evolutionary economic geography theory, the paper analyzes the types of operation in West Lake Scenic Area from 1978 to 2013. First, an evolution process consisting of four stages is underpinned, and they are: the new establishment stage, the preliminary development stage, the speedup development stage, and the stabilized maturity stage. Specifically, the distinct characteristics associated with operation types are compared and evaluated at different stages throughout the process. The evolution trees are introduced to scrutinize types of operation development. The results of evolution trees demonstrate the substantial increase in both numbers and types. Second, by applying GIS spatial analysis, the paper also analyzes the spatial evolution characteristics on the types of operation, and the results unveil the co-existence of centripetal and centrifugal forces: the processes of spatial agglomeration and spatial dispersion. More specifically, we recognize the spatial process includes the emergence of node and concentration(1978–1995), the sparse distribution and intensity reduction(1996–2002), the patchy distribution and spatial agglomeration intensification(2003–2008), the dispersed distribution and core area agglomeration(2009–2013). Lastly, path dependence on resource endowment, government and market innovation, knowledge learning and spillover can reasonably explain the types of operation evolution. In conclusion, the evolutionary economic geography theories provide new theoretical and empirical perspectives for tourism policy analysis. At the same time, our comprehensive evidences impart more comprehensive insights and offer useful managerial and policy implications.展开更多
Through exploring the limitation of the neoclassical theory of economic growth,which classifies growth as a homogenous process,this paper reconciles various theories of economic development and explains the rises and ...Through exploring the limitation of the neoclassical theory of economic growth,which classifies growth as a homogenous process,this paper reconciles various theories of economic development and explains the rises and falls of economic growth under a unified framework,focusing on incentives of the accumulation of physical and human capital.This paper classifies instances of economic growth into four categories—the Malthusian poverty trap,the Lewis dual model of economic development,the Lewis turning point,and Solow neoclassical growth model.This paper conducts empirical analysis of these categories of economic development as they are relevant to Chinese economic growth and discusses policy implications therein.展开更多
The application of environment-behavior studies plays an important role in studying the renewal of shantytowns.One of the most humane ways of renewal is designing and constructing the necessary urban spatial environme...The application of environment-behavior studies plays an important role in studying the renewal of shantytowns.One of the most humane ways of renewal is designing and constructing the necessary urban spatial environment from the perspective of human daily behavior.Most of the shantytown renovation projects currently carried out in China are mainly focused on demolition and reconstruction,which not only incurs high costs but also damages the original social structure and economic model.During the process of shantytown renewal,it should improve the urban landscape,living environment,and life quality of residents,and ensure the daily life of shantytown residents without increasing their economic burden,and preserve the traces of urban development.In order to achieve this goal,it should explore the renewal strategies of shantytowns from the perspective of environment-behavior studies through behavior maps,on-site research,and literature review.Updating and design from a human perspective often achieve faster and better development;the renewal of shantytowns should be a bottom-up approach and start from a grassroots perspective,completing the renovation design through the composition of the population and behavioral patterns.展开更多
Introduction:As a major producer and consumer of benzene,China has long confronted the challenge of occupational chronic benzene poisoning(OCBP).Between 2005 and 2019,OCBP in China primarily occurred in private enterp...Introduction:As a major producer and consumer of benzene,China has long confronted the challenge of occupational chronic benzene poisoning(OCBP).Between 2005 and 2019,OCBP in China primarily occurred in private enterprises,small-and mediumsized enterprises,and the general/special-purpose equipment manufacturing industry.However,with the continuous strengthening of national supervision and restrictions on the use of benzene-containing materials,the industrial distribution of OCBP may have changed from 2020 to 2023.Methods:A total of 6 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)with concentrated benzene-related industries—Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Shandong,Sichuan,Fujian,and Tianjin—were selected for analysis.We collected data on 162 newly reported OCBP cases from 2020 to 2023.Based on the National Economic Industry Classification standards,we analyzed these cases according to enterprise size,economic type,and industry classification.Results:The number of OCBP cases in China decreased significantly,reaching a historical low of 56 cases in 2023[accounting for 15.3%of chronic occupational poisoning(COP)],compared to an average of 256 cases annually from 2005 to 2019(26.7%of COP).From 2020 to 2023,OCBP continued to occur predominantly in manufacturing,private,and small-and medium-sized enterprises.However,the primary industry associated with OCBP shifted to chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing,followed by petroleum,coal,and other fuel processing industries.Conclusions:OCBP remains a major component of COP in China.While continuing to regulate the manufacturing industry,especially small-and mediumsized enterprises,supervision should be strengthened in the evolving industries where benzene poisoning now predominantly occurs.展开更多
This paper presents a measurement of the technical efficiency of textile industries with 4-digit codes in China by using the cross-section data from 2002 and 2007 and a fully nonparametric stochastic frontier estimati...This paper presents a measurement of the technical efficiency of textile industries with 4-digit codes in China by using the cross-section data from 2002 and 2007 and a fully nonparametric stochastic frontier estimation approach. The technical efficiency of these textile industries is compared across six economic ownership types and across seven regions in China. This uncovers the effects of the proprietary characteristics and the location of a firm on its technical efficiency performance. The nonparametric estimation provides some interesting findings. First, textile production in China performs with a decreasing return to scale. The difference between the output elasticity of labor and that of capital decreases from the year 2002 to 2007. Second, the technical efficiency of the 4-digit textile industry in China is significantly contingent on its ownership and location. Privately-run textile enterprises on average perform with the highest level of technical efficiency among the six ownership types while state-owned enterprises perform with the lowest level of technical efficiency, whether or not the location dummies are accounted for. Third, the technical efficiency evaluated by regions follows the order： ＂eastern area 〉 southern area 〉 central area 〉 northern area,＂ which remains unchanged across the two years.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation' Urban Agriculture-based Development Pattern and Spatial Reconstruction of Towns/Townships in Periurban Beijing'(Grant no.40971100)the knowledge innovation project of Chinese Academy of Science' Study on spatial structural reorganization and its effect on eco-environment'(Grant no.KZCX2- YW-321-01)
文摘The purpose of this article is to classify the regional economic types and development dynamics of small towns in suburb Beijing by applying the classification methods developed by Nelson's method and Location Quotient method into 183 small towns in Beijing.Four types of small towns are thus identified,including urban agriculture dominated towns,manufacturing dominated towns,service industry dominated towns and comprehensive type towns with balanced economic development.Within the environment of geographical information system,the spatial distribution pattern of four types of small towns with their evolution trend is analyzed.The results indicate that four types of small towns have obvious'core-periphery'spatial structure but with different functional orientations and evolution mechanisms.Based on this,the different development strategies for each type of small towns are summarized,providing a scientific reference for the differentiating planning and development strategies of these small towns.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41230631,41471130)
文摘The types of operation play a key role in facilitating tourism consumption and economic development in a tourism destination. By adopting evolutionary economic geography theory, the paper analyzes the types of operation in West Lake Scenic Area from 1978 to 2013. First, an evolution process consisting of four stages is underpinned, and they are: the new establishment stage, the preliminary development stage, the speedup development stage, and the stabilized maturity stage. Specifically, the distinct characteristics associated with operation types are compared and evaluated at different stages throughout the process. The evolution trees are introduced to scrutinize types of operation development. The results of evolution trees demonstrate the substantial increase in both numbers and types. Second, by applying GIS spatial analysis, the paper also analyzes the spatial evolution characteristics on the types of operation, and the results unveil the co-existence of centripetal and centrifugal forces: the processes of spatial agglomeration and spatial dispersion. More specifically, we recognize the spatial process includes the emergence of node and concentration(1978–1995), the sparse distribution and intensity reduction(1996–2002), the patchy distribution and spatial agglomeration intensification(2003–2008), the dispersed distribution and core area agglomeration(2009–2013). Lastly, path dependence on resource endowment, government and market innovation, knowledge learning and spillover can reasonably explain the types of operation evolution. In conclusion, the evolutionary economic geography theories provide new theoretical and empirical perspectives for tourism policy analysis. At the same time, our comprehensive evidences impart more comprehensive insights and offer useful managerial and policy implications.
文摘Through exploring the limitation of the neoclassical theory of economic growth,which classifies growth as a homogenous process,this paper reconciles various theories of economic development and explains the rises and falls of economic growth under a unified framework,focusing on incentives of the accumulation of physical and human capital.This paper classifies instances of economic growth into four categories—the Malthusian poverty trap,the Lewis dual model of economic development,the Lewis turning point,and Solow neoclassical growth model.This paper conducts empirical analysis of these categories of economic development as they are relevant to Chinese economic growth and discusses policy implications therein.
文摘The application of environment-behavior studies plays an important role in studying the renewal of shantytowns.One of the most humane ways of renewal is designing and constructing the necessary urban spatial environment from the perspective of human daily behavior.Most of the shantytown renovation projects currently carried out in China are mainly focused on demolition and reconstruction,which not only incurs high costs but also damages the original social structure and economic model.During the process of shantytown renewal,it should improve the urban landscape,living environment,and life quality of residents,and ensure the daily life of shantytown residents without increasing their economic burden,and preserve the traces of urban development.In order to achieve this goal,it should explore the renewal strategies of shantytowns from the perspective of environment-behavior studies through behavior maps,on-site research,and literature review.Updating and design from a human perspective often achieve faster and better development;the renewal of shantytowns should be a bottom-up approach and start from a grassroots perspective,completing the renovation design through the composition of the population and behavioral patterns.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2503203)Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research,CFH(2024-2G-4351)the Open Project of the State Key Laboratory of Trauma,Burn and Combined Injury,Third Military Medical University(SKLKT-202307).
文摘Introduction:As a major producer and consumer of benzene,China has long confronted the challenge of occupational chronic benzene poisoning(OCBP).Between 2005 and 2019,OCBP in China primarily occurred in private enterprises,small-and mediumsized enterprises,and the general/special-purpose equipment manufacturing industry.However,with the continuous strengthening of national supervision and restrictions on the use of benzene-containing materials,the industrial distribution of OCBP may have changed from 2020 to 2023.Methods:A total of 6 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)with concentrated benzene-related industries—Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Shandong,Sichuan,Fujian,and Tianjin—were selected for analysis.We collected data on 162 newly reported OCBP cases from 2020 to 2023.Based on the National Economic Industry Classification standards,we analyzed these cases according to enterprise size,economic type,and industry classification.Results:The number of OCBP cases in China decreased significantly,reaching a historical low of 56 cases in 2023[accounting for 15.3%of chronic occupational poisoning(COP)],compared to an average of 256 cases annually from 2005 to 2019(26.7%of COP).From 2020 to 2023,OCBP continued to occur predominantly in manufacturing,private,and small-and medium-sized enterprises.However,the primary industry associated with OCBP shifted to chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing,followed by petroleum,coal,and other fuel processing industries.Conclusions:OCBP remains a major component of COP in China.While continuing to regulate the manufacturing industry,especially small-and mediumsized enterprises,supervision should be strengthened in the evolving industries where benzene poisoning now predominantly occurs.
文摘This paper presents a measurement of the technical efficiency of textile industries with 4-digit codes in China by using the cross-section data from 2002 and 2007 and a fully nonparametric stochastic frontier estimation approach. The technical efficiency of these textile industries is compared across six economic ownership types and across seven regions in China. This uncovers the effects of the proprietary characteristics and the location of a firm on its technical efficiency performance. The nonparametric estimation provides some interesting findings. First, textile production in China performs with a decreasing return to scale. The difference between the output elasticity of labor and that of capital decreases from the year 2002 to 2007. Second, the technical efficiency of the 4-digit textile industry in China is significantly contingent on its ownership and location. Privately-run textile enterprises on average perform with the highest level of technical efficiency among the six ownership types while state-owned enterprises perform with the lowest level of technical efficiency, whether or not the location dummies are accounted for. Third, the technical efficiency evaluated by regions follows the order： ＂eastern area 〉 southern area 〉 central area 〉 northern area,＂ which remains unchanged across the two years.
