Based on oil development costs, the application research in the technical and economic limits calculation of oil development and the production optimal allocation to all the oilfields, was finished. At the same time, ...Based on oil development costs, the application research in the technical and economic limits calculation of oil development and the production optimal allocation to all the oilfields, was finished. At the same time, according to the regression of real development costs, a new method for oil well economic water cut and oil well economic rate are set up, the production optimal allocation is developed with satisfactory results.展开更多
For the sake of improving the reliability of the method for well pattern density optimization of tight sandstone gas reservoir and effectively demonstrate the relationship between well pattern density and recovery eff...For the sake of improving the reliability of the method for well pattern density optimization of tight sandstone gas reservoir and effectively demonstrate the relationship between well pattern density and recovery efficiency, the well interference probability curve of the target study area in the Sulige Gas Field was plotted by establishing the calculation method for well interference probability. Then, a new method suitable for well pattern density optimization and recovery efficiency evaluation of tight sandstone gas reservoirs was established. Finally, this new method was applied in three encryption test areas of the Sulige Gas Field. And the following research results were obtained. First, the well interference probability of tight sandstone gas reservoir is heavily dependent on the well pattern density. With the increase of the well pattern density, the well interference probability presents a gradual increasing trend. And the well interference probability doesn't reach or approach to 1 until the well pattern density reaches a higher value. Second, in the three encryption test areas of the Sulige Gas Field, the economically optimal well pattern density is in the range of 2.6-3.1 wells/km^(2), and its corresponding recovery efficiency is 36.6-39.8% and corresponding well interference probability is 28-33%, while the economic limit well pattern density is in the range of 5.2-6.6 wells/km^(2), and its corresponding recovery efficiency is 46.8-49.8% and corresponding well interference probability is 83-89%. Third, the well interference probability corresponding to the economically optimal well pattern density of tight sandstone gas reservoir in the Sulige Gas Field is about 30%, and that corresponding to the economic limit well pattern density is about 85%. In conclusion, by virtue of this new method, the economically optimal well pattern density and the economic limit well pattern density and their corresponding recovery efficiencies can be calculated, so as to realize the well pattern optimization and recovery efficiency evaluation of tight sandstone gas reservoirs. The research results can provide theoretical support for the economic and efficient development of the Sulige Gas Field, and useful reference for the benefit development of the same type of gas reservoirs.展开更多
Remote areas of Nepal suffer from limited or no access to electricity.Providing electricity access in remote areas is one of the foremost challenges of any developing country.The purpose of this study is to develop an...Remote areas of Nepal suffer from limited or no access to electricity.Providing electricity access in remote areas is one of the foremost challenges of any developing country.The purpose of this study is to develop and propose a reliable and low-cost model for electrification.The study presents an optimized choice between decentralized renewable-energy systems and grid expansion.Opting for an analytical method for the modelling and analysis of electrification options based on life-cycle cost(LCC)and economic distance limit,each energy system for varied load conditions is compared for a better option.A framework for energy-system selection based on available resources is proposed.It compares the grid-expansion option with potential isolated renewable-energy systems to ensure energy access to the area under consideration.Additionally,off-grid configurations that rely on renewable energy sources are also considered for the necessity of backup supply to ensure continuous power to the research area.Techno-economic assessment is carried out for different off-grid and hybrid configurations proposed in this study and their feasibility checks are carefully examined.Commercial efficacy of the proposed hybrid energy systems is assessed by comparing the life cycle and energy cost and by performing different additional sensitivity analyses.The study concludes that reduced generation cost supports the increasing penetration of electrification.The LCC for grid expansion is the most economical under high-load conditions,whereas for the isolated and sparsely settled populations with low-load conditions,photovoltaic power backed up with a diesel generator is the most economical.展开更多
文摘Based on oil development costs, the application research in the technical and economic limits calculation of oil development and the production optimal allocation to all the oilfields, was finished. At the same time, according to the regression of real development costs, a new method for oil well economic water cut and oil well economic rate are set up, the production optimal allocation is developed with satisfactory results.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China“Basic theoretical research on development of ultra-deep natural gas reservoir”(No.U1762216).
文摘For the sake of improving the reliability of the method for well pattern density optimization of tight sandstone gas reservoir and effectively demonstrate the relationship between well pattern density and recovery efficiency, the well interference probability curve of the target study area in the Sulige Gas Field was plotted by establishing the calculation method for well interference probability. Then, a new method suitable for well pattern density optimization and recovery efficiency evaluation of tight sandstone gas reservoirs was established. Finally, this new method was applied in three encryption test areas of the Sulige Gas Field. And the following research results were obtained. First, the well interference probability of tight sandstone gas reservoir is heavily dependent on the well pattern density. With the increase of the well pattern density, the well interference probability presents a gradual increasing trend. And the well interference probability doesn't reach or approach to 1 until the well pattern density reaches a higher value. Second, in the three encryption test areas of the Sulige Gas Field, the economically optimal well pattern density is in the range of 2.6-3.1 wells/km^(2), and its corresponding recovery efficiency is 36.6-39.8% and corresponding well interference probability is 28-33%, while the economic limit well pattern density is in the range of 5.2-6.6 wells/km^(2), and its corresponding recovery efficiency is 46.8-49.8% and corresponding well interference probability is 83-89%. Third, the well interference probability corresponding to the economically optimal well pattern density of tight sandstone gas reservoir in the Sulige Gas Field is about 30%, and that corresponding to the economic limit well pattern density is about 85%. In conclusion, by virtue of this new method, the economically optimal well pattern density and the economic limit well pattern density and their corresponding recovery efficiencies can be calculated, so as to realize the well pattern optimization and recovery efficiency evaluation of tight sandstone gas reservoirs. The research results can provide theoretical support for the economic and efficient development of the Sulige Gas Field, and useful reference for the benefit development of the same type of gas reservoirs.
文摘Remote areas of Nepal suffer from limited or no access to electricity.Providing electricity access in remote areas is one of the foremost challenges of any developing country.The purpose of this study is to develop and propose a reliable and low-cost model for electrification.The study presents an optimized choice between decentralized renewable-energy systems and grid expansion.Opting for an analytical method for the modelling and analysis of electrification options based on life-cycle cost(LCC)and economic distance limit,each energy system for varied load conditions is compared for a better option.A framework for energy-system selection based on available resources is proposed.It compares the grid-expansion option with potential isolated renewable-energy systems to ensure energy access to the area under consideration.Additionally,off-grid configurations that rely on renewable energy sources are also considered for the necessity of backup supply to ensure continuous power to the research area.Techno-economic assessment is carried out for different off-grid and hybrid configurations proposed in this study and their feasibility checks are carefully examined.Commercial efficacy of the proposed hybrid energy systems is assessed by comparing the life cycle and energy cost and by performing different additional sensitivity analyses.The study concludes that reduced generation cost supports the increasing penetration of electrification.The LCC for grid expansion is the most economical under high-load conditions,whereas for the isolated and sparsely settled populations with low-load conditions,photovoltaic power backed up with a diesel generator is the most economical.
