Earth is moving through a period of extreme uncertainty as global climates change,natural disasters become more frequent and severe,and governments grapple with the difficulty these issues pose for managing natural re...Earth is moving through a period of extreme uncertainty as global climates change,natural disasters become more frequent and severe,and governments grapple with the difficulty these issues pose for managing natural resources and people.Nowhere are these challenges more pressing than across the world's drylands,where a combination of hotter drier climates challenge food security,sustainable food production and often fuel unrest and political instability.It is against this backdrop that Fu and Stafford Smith,two global leaders in dryland science draw on>80 years of collective wisdom on drylands to describe how humans and natural processes intersect in an era of global change(Fu and Stafford Smith,2024).展开更多
Objective:To investigate the dynamic trajectory,predictors,and underlying adaptation mechanisms of family resilience(FR)among Chinese families with preterm infants(PIs)from birth to six months.Methods:Guided by Ecolog...Objective:To investigate the dynamic trajectory,predictors,and underlying adaptation mechanisms of family resilience(FR)among Chinese families with preterm infants(PIs)from birth to six months.Methods:Guided by Ecological Systems Theory,a convergent parallel mixed-methods study was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU)of a tertiary hospital in Fujian Province,China,from June 2023 to June 2024.Quantitative data were collected from 202 caregivers selected by convenience sampling at four time points:at birth(T0),42 days postpartum(T1),3 months postpartum(T2),and 6 months postpartum(T3).Generalized Estimating Equations(GEE)was used to analyze scale score differences across time points and explore factors influencing FR.Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 14 caregivers recruited by maximum variation purposive sampling and analyzed using Colaizzi’s phenomenological approach.After conducting separate data analyses,the findings were integrated through side-by-side comparison and joint display.Results:Quantitative results revealed a non-linear,“V”-shaped trajectory of FR,significantly influenced by educational level,conception via assisted reproduction,farming occupation,coping style,psychological resilience,family functioning,and social support.Qualitative findings identified four themes:initial uncertainty and emotional distress,post-discharge anxiety,gradual adaptation,and eventual stabilization.Integrated mixed-methods findings revealed that the initial confusion phase demands a comprehensive response to family needs(T0);the post-discharge bottleneck requires addressing the care capability-needs gap(T1);the role adaptation phase is pivotal for enhancing internal family resources(T2);and the family-work transition necessitates enhanced work-family facilitation(T3).Conclusions:This study systematically identifies the unique“V”-shaped trajectory of FR in Chinese families with PIs and its key influencing factors,and accurately analyzes their dynamic experiences and adaptation across four stages.These findings provide an empirical basis for stage-specific targeted interventions,strongly support the practical advancement of the family-centered care model,and deliver critical guidance for enhancing FR.展开更多
Cultivation metaphors that compare teachers and students to gardeners and plants,respectively,have a long presence in the field of education.While such metaphors can be used to represent learner-centered pedagogies in...Cultivation metaphors that compare teachers and students to gardeners and plants,respectively,have a long presence in the field of education.While such metaphors can be used to represent learner-centered pedagogies in which a teacher fosters the growth of their students,there is also a darker side to cultivation metaphors.For instance,Zipory(2020)argues that characteristics of agriculture’s grain economy-like repetitiveness,coercion,and lack of diversity-can be imposed onto education.Following Zipory’s call for the forest to serve as a more apt metaphorical trajectory for education,I propose using the forest garden as a middle ground between the traditional garden and the natural forest.To highlight the potential usefulness of the forest garden metaphor in education,I explore its application as related to teacher professional development(PD),specifically content and language integrated learning(CLIL)PD.By reflecting on the design and outcomes of Project SCILLA,a CLIL PD program for Kazakhstani university instructors,as well as CLIL PD more broadly,I demonstrate how the forest garden metaphor conceptualizes the relationships and power dynamics between and across various stakeholders in education in response to global rhetoric,national and local policies,and interpersonal interactions.By emulating the sustainable forest garden’s principles of planning and intentionality,localization,interconnectedness,diversity,creativity,and growth from decay,stakeholders can(re)shape the policies and practices of multilingual,multicultural education systems.In addition,education researchers can use a metaphorical forest garden lens to better appreciate the complexities at play within dynamic educational landscapes.展开更多
Arid zones, which cover approximately 40 percent of the earth’s land surface, support complicated and widely varied ecological systems. As such, arid zones are an important composition of the global terrestrial ecosy...Arid zones, which cover approximately 40 percent of the earth’s land surface, support complicated and widely varied ecological systems. As such, arid zones are an important composition of the global terrestrial ecosystem, and water is the key and abiotic lim-ited factor in ecosystem-driven processes in these areas. Ecohydrology is a new cross discipline that provides, in an objective and comprehensive manner, novel ideas and approaches to the evaluation of the interaction and feedback mechanisms involved in the soil–vegetation systems in arid zones. In addition, ecohydrology provides a theoretical basis of ecological restoration that is cen-tered on vegetation construction. In this paper, long-term monitoring and local observations in the transitional belt between a de-sertified steppe and a steppified desert at the Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Tengger Desert, in northern China, were evaluated. The primary achievements and related research progress regarding ecohydrology in arid zones were analyzed and summarized, as a keystone, and the response of soil ecohydrological processes to the changes in the species composition, structure, and function of sandland vegetation was discussed. Meanwhile, the long-term ecological effects and mechanism of regulation of vegetation on soil habitat and on water-cycling were considered. As a vital participant in the ecohydrological processes of soil–vegetation systems, the studies on biological soil crusts was also summarized, and related theoretical models of restoration based on the water balance was reviewed.展开更多
Ecosystems engineering is specially designed for study and management of ecosystems. Its theory and method-ology are mainly derivcd from systems ecology and systems engineering An ecosystem is a biologically functiona...Ecosystems engineering is specially designed for study and management of ecosystems. Its theory and method-ology are mainly derivcd from systems ecology and systems engineering An ecosystem is a biologically functional entityconsisting of organisms, environmental factors and their interactional mechanisms which are naturally or artificially ar-ranged with their approytiate functions in the system and also subordinaled to the dynamics of the whole ecosystem If an ecosystem is broken or disintegrated into independent or isolated parts. its structural and functional entity will be greatly modified or even completely destroyed Yet without participation of organisms including human beings, a system is not anecosystem. Within an ecosystem, all life, production and social activities are directly or indirectly rclated to the energy flowand material exchange In fact. energy is a driving force for material exchange and material is the carrier of energy flowTherefore, an ecosystem can be logically recognized as an energy system Its components. structure, function. production,quality and benefits can be expressed, calculated and modelled in terms of energy. Ecoboundary theory is also used in thediscussion of pathways of energy flow. As being applied to agrolioresty management, envirommental conservation and com-munity social service which are all complicated ecosystems, ecosystem engineering requires a series of programming meas-ures such as investigation, decision-making, planning, simulating, design, establishment, management, evaluation and reno-vation so that an appropriate ecosystem with stable structure, ellective function and high productivity can be established forits expected economic, ecological and social benefits.展开更多
In Saint-Louis, Senegal, a constructed wetland with horizontal flow reed beds (FHa and FHb) has demonstrated significant efficacy in treating municipal wastewater. Analyzing various treatment stages, the system showed...In Saint-Louis, Senegal, a constructed wetland with horizontal flow reed beds (FHa and FHb) has demonstrated significant efficacy in treating municipal wastewater. Analyzing various treatment stages, the system showed only a slight temperature variation, from an influent average of 26.3°C to an effluent of 24.7°C. Electrical conductivity decreased from 1331 mS/cm to 974.5 mS/cm post-primary treatment, with suspended solids (SS) dramatically reduced from 718.9 mg/L to 5.7 mg/L in the final effluent. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) saw a notable decrease, from initial levels of 655.6 mg/L and 1240 mg/L to 2.3 mg/L and 71.3 mg/L, respectively. Nitrogenous compounds (N-TN) and phosphates () also decreased significantly, indicating the system’s nutrient removal capacity. Microbiological analysis revealed a reduction in fecal coliforms from 7.5 Ulog/100ml to 1.8 Ulog/100ml and a complete elimination of helminth eggs. The presence of Phragmites and Typha was instrumental in enhancing these reductions. The system’s compliance with the Senegalese standards for disposal into natural environments, WHO recommendations for unrestricted water reuse in irrigation, and the European legislation for water reuse was established. The effluent quality met the stringent criteria for various classes of agricultural reuse, illustrating the system’s potential for sustainable water management. This wetland model presents a robust solution for water-stressed regions, ensuring environmental protection while supporting agricultural needs. The study calls for ongoing research to further refine the system for optimal, reliable wastewater treatment and water resource sustainability.展开更多
INTRODUCTION The environmental changes of the Tibetan Plateau(TP)are highly sensitive to global climate change and can be considered an early warning signal for global warming.Since the 1950s,the TP has undergone acce...INTRODUCTION The environmental changes of the Tibetan Plateau(TP)are highly sensitive to global climate change and can be considered an early warning signal for global warming.Since the 1950s,the TP has undergone accelerated warming,leading to profound changes in its hydrological and ecological systems as well as regional dust activities.Currently,over 60%of the TP is classified as arid or semiarid.This harsh environment,characterized by loose surface sediments,sparse vegetation,and strongwinds,makes the TP amajor contributor to the global dust cycle.Dust emitted from the TP not only impacts local societies and economies but also exerts complex feedbacks on climates,including influences on nutrient cycling,surface albedo,radiative forcing,and cloud formation.1 Meanwhile,dust plays a key role in maintaining soil fertility and buffering capacity,forming the foundation for alpine ecosystems.2 Given these significant interactions,understanding the variability of dust activity over the TP and its driving mechanisms is both critical and urgent.展开更多
1 The Global Polycrisis The world is in the midst of a polycrisis,where multiple,interconnected crises are unfolding simultaneously,amplifying one another in unpredictable ways.This is not merely a confluence of indep...1 The Global Polycrisis The world is in the midst of a polycrisis,where multiple,interconnected crises are unfolding simultaneously,amplifying one another in unpredictable ways.This is not merely a confluence of independent crises,but rather an intricate web of interconnected challenges that collectively pose an unprecedented threat to human civilization and ecological systems.The interconnections between these risks,their geographical reach,and ability to exacerbate one another,have created a world of global systemic risk that is more serious,in terms of scale and severity,than risks we have encountered before.展开更多
文摘Earth is moving through a period of extreme uncertainty as global climates change,natural disasters become more frequent and severe,and governments grapple with the difficulty these issues pose for managing natural resources and people.Nowhere are these challenges more pressing than across the world's drylands,where a combination of hotter drier climates challenge food security,sustainable food production and often fuel unrest and political instability.It is against this backdrop that Fu and Stafford Smith,two global leaders in dryland science draw on>80 years of collective wisdom on drylands to describe how humans and natural processes intersect in an era of global change(Fu and Stafford Smith,2024).
文摘Objective:To investigate the dynamic trajectory,predictors,and underlying adaptation mechanisms of family resilience(FR)among Chinese families with preterm infants(PIs)from birth to six months.Methods:Guided by Ecological Systems Theory,a convergent parallel mixed-methods study was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU)of a tertiary hospital in Fujian Province,China,from June 2023 to June 2024.Quantitative data were collected from 202 caregivers selected by convenience sampling at four time points:at birth(T0),42 days postpartum(T1),3 months postpartum(T2),and 6 months postpartum(T3).Generalized Estimating Equations(GEE)was used to analyze scale score differences across time points and explore factors influencing FR.Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 14 caregivers recruited by maximum variation purposive sampling and analyzed using Colaizzi’s phenomenological approach.After conducting separate data analyses,the findings were integrated through side-by-side comparison and joint display.Results:Quantitative results revealed a non-linear,“V”-shaped trajectory of FR,significantly influenced by educational level,conception via assisted reproduction,farming occupation,coping style,psychological resilience,family functioning,and social support.Qualitative findings identified four themes:initial uncertainty and emotional distress,post-discharge anxiety,gradual adaptation,and eventual stabilization.Integrated mixed-methods findings revealed that the initial confusion phase demands a comprehensive response to family needs(T0);the post-discharge bottleneck requires addressing the care capability-needs gap(T1);the role adaptation phase is pivotal for enhancing internal family resources(T2);and the family-work transition necessitates enhanced work-family facilitation(T3).Conclusions:This study systematically identifies the unique“V”-shaped trajectory of FR in Chinese families with PIs and its key influencing factors,and accurately analyzes their dynamic experiences and adaptation across four stages.These findings provide an empirical basis for stage-specific targeted interventions,strongly support the practical advancement of the family-centered care model,and deliver critical guidance for enhancing FR.
基金funding from the U.S.-Kazakhstan University Partnerships program funded by the U.S.Mission to Kazakhstan and administered by American Councils[Award number SKZ100-19-CA-0149].
文摘Cultivation metaphors that compare teachers and students to gardeners and plants,respectively,have a long presence in the field of education.While such metaphors can be used to represent learner-centered pedagogies in which a teacher fosters the growth of their students,there is also a darker side to cultivation metaphors.For instance,Zipory(2020)argues that characteristics of agriculture’s grain economy-like repetitiveness,coercion,and lack of diversity-can be imposed onto education.Following Zipory’s call for the forest to serve as a more apt metaphorical trajectory for education,I propose using the forest garden as a middle ground between the traditional garden and the natural forest.To highlight the potential usefulness of the forest garden metaphor in education,I explore its application as related to teacher professional development(PD),specifically content and language integrated learning(CLIL)PD.By reflecting on the design and outcomes of Project SCILLA,a CLIL PD program for Kazakhstani university instructors,as well as CLIL PD more broadly,I demonstrate how the forest garden metaphor conceptualizes the relationships and power dynamics between and across various stakeholders in education in response to global rhetoric,national and local policies,and interpersonal interactions.By emulating the sustainable forest garden’s principles of planning and intentionality,localization,interconnectedness,diversity,creativity,and growth from decay,stakeholders can(re)shape the policies and practices of multilingual,multicultural education systems.In addition,education researchers can use a metaphorical forest garden lens to better appreciate the complexities at play within dynamic educational landscapes.
基金supported by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China (40825001)
文摘Arid zones, which cover approximately 40 percent of the earth’s land surface, support complicated and widely varied ecological systems. As such, arid zones are an important composition of the global terrestrial ecosystem, and water is the key and abiotic lim-ited factor in ecosystem-driven processes in these areas. Ecohydrology is a new cross discipline that provides, in an objective and comprehensive manner, novel ideas and approaches to the evaluation of the interaction and feedback mechanisms involved in the soil–vegetation systems in arid zones. In addition, ecohydrology provides a theoretical basis of ecological restoration that is cen-tered on vegetation construction. In this paper, long-term monitoring and local observations in the transitional belt between a de-sertified steppe and a steppified desert at the Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Tengger Desert, in northern China, were evaluated. The primary achievements and related research progress regarding ecohydrology in arid zones were analyzed and summarized, as a keystone, and the response of soil ecohydrological processes to the changes in the species composition, structure, and function of sandland vegetation was discussed. Meanwhile, the long-term ecological effects and mechanism of regulation of vegetation on soil habitat and on water-cycling were considered. As a vital participant in the ecohydrological processes of soil–vegetation systems, the studies on biological soil crusts was also summarized, and related theoretical models of restoration based on the water balance was reviewed.
文摘Ecosystems engineering is specially designed for study and management of ecosystems. Its theory and method-ology are mainly derivcd from systems ecology and systems engineering An ecosystem is a biologically functional entityconsisting of organisms, environmental factors and their interactional mechanisms which are naturally or artificially ar-ranged with their approytiate functions in the system and also subordinaled to the dynamics of the whole ecosystem If an ecosystem is broken or disintegrated into independent or isolated parts. its structural and functional entity will be greatly modified or even completely destroyed Yet without participation of organisms including human beings, a system is not anecosystem. Within an ecosystem, all life, production and social activities are directly or indirectly rclated to the energy flowand material exchange In fact. energy is a driving force for material exchange and material is the carrier of energy flowTherefore, an ecosystem can be logically recognized as an energy system Its components. structure, function. production,quality and benefits can be expressed, calculated and modelled in terms of energy. Ecoboundary theory is also used in thediscussion of pathways of energy flow. As being applied to agrolioresty management, envirommental conservation and com-munity social service which are all complicated ecosystems, ecosystem engineering requires a series of programming meas-ures such as investigation, decision-making, planning, simulating, design, establishment, management, evaluation and reno-vation so that an appropriate ecosystem with stable structure, ellective function and high productivity can be established forits expected economic, ecological and social benefits.
文摘In Saint-Louis, Senegal, a constructed wetland with horizontal flow reed beds (FHa and FHb) has demonstrated significant efficacy in treating municipal wastewater. Analyzing various treatment stages, the system showed only a slight temperature variation, from an influent average of 26.3°C to an effluent of 24.7°C. Electrical conductivity decreased from 1331 mS/cm to 974.5 mS/cm post-primary treatment, with suspended solids (SS) dramatically reduced from 718.9 mg/L to 5.7 mg/L in the final effluent. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) saw a notable decrease, from initial levels of 655.6 mg/L and 1240 mg/L to 2.3 mg/L and 71.3 mg/L, respectively. Nitrogenous compounds (N-TN) and phosphates () also decreased significantly, indicating the system’s nutrient removal capacity. Microbiological analysis revealed a reduction in fecal coliforms from 7.5 Ulog/100ml to 1.8 Ulog/100ml and a complete elimination of helminth eggs. The presence of Phragmites and Typha was instrumental in enhancing these reductions. The system’s compliance with the Senegalese standards for disposal into natural environments, WHO recommendations for unrestricted water reuse in irrigation, and the European legislation for water reuse was established. The effluent quality met the stringent criteria for various classes of agricultural reuse, illustrating the system’s potential for sustainable water management. This wetland model presents a robust solution for water-stressed regions, ensuring environmental protection while supporting agricultural needs. The study calls for ongoing research to further refine the system for optimal, reliable wastewater treatment and water resource sustainability.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CASXDB40010200)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42302211)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(Y201959)the Sino-German Center for Research Promotion(M-0046).
文摘INTRODUCTION The environmental changes of the Tibetan Plateau(TP)are highly sensitive to global climate change and can be considered an early warning signal for global warming.Since the 1950s,the TP has undergone accelerated warming,leading to profound changes in its hydrological and ecological systems as well as regional dust activities.Currently,over 60%of the TP is classified as arid or semiarid.This harsh environment,characterized by loose surface sediments,sparse vegetation,and strongwinds,makes the TP amajor contributor to the global dust cycle.Dust emitted from the TP not only impacts local societies and economies but also exerts complex feedbacks on climates,including influences on nutrient cycling,surface albedo,radiative forcing,and cloud formation.1 Meanwhile,dust plays a key role in maintaining soil fertility and buffering capacity,forming the foundation for alpine ecosystems.2 Given these significant interactions,understanding the variability of dust activity over the TP and its driving mechanisms is both critical and urgent.
文摘1 The Global Polycrisis The world is in the midst of a polycrisis,where multiple,interconnected crises are unfolding simultaneously,amplifying one another in unpredictable ways.This is not merely a confluence of independent crises,but rather an intricate web of interconnected challenges that collectively pose an unprecedented threat to human civilization and ecological systems.The interconnections between these risks,their geographical reach,and ability to exacerbate one another,have created a world of global systemic risk that is more serious,in terms of scale and severity,than risks we have encountered before.
