Recently,the Moon has once again become the focus of the aerospace field.The lunar base is likely to be the next long-term extraterrestrial base for humans after the near-Earth orbit space station.However,the cost of ...Recently,the Moon has once again become the focus of the aerospace field.The lunar base is likely to be the next long-term extraterrestrial base for humans after the near-Earth orbit space station.However,the cost of lunar replenishment will substantially increase,and the time required for replenishment will become longer.It is necessary to establish a living system with higher degree of material closure and stronger self-sustainability to provide life support service for residents.The controlled ecological life support system(CELSS)is a feasible way to achieve the circular supply of oxygen,water,and food through biological regeneration.However,there is a practical issue of how to gradually establish a CELSS on the Moon and how to match the bio-regenerative system with the physicochemical system established in the early stage,to reduce the cost of the construction of the lunar life support system.In this paper,based on fully inheriting the physicochemical regeneration technologies of the present near-Earth orbit space station,biological components such as plants,microalgae,and microorganisms were gradually introduced in 4 stages to establish an upgraded CELSS with a total material closure degree of 98%.In addition,the material flux models of C,H,and O elements at different stages of the lunar base were designed and calculated.The results of this paper provide a reference for the construction of future lunar base life support systems in terms of improving the engineering feasibility of CELSS.展开更多
During space missions,various waste products are produced.Recyclable waste can be treated by aerobic composting to achieve in situ recycling.Considering the limited logistics supply in the Controlled Ecological Life S...During space missions,various waste products are produced.Recyclable waste can be treated by aerobic composting to achieve in situ recycling.Considering the limited logistics supply in the Controlled Ecological Life Support System(CELSS),waste recycling should reduce energy consumption and material carrying pressure,increase recycling efficiency,and improve the quality of the daily life of astronauts.However,current composting technology often has polluting gas emissions in the case of limited oxygen(O_(2))consumption.Therefore,this review aims to distill available information about aerospace mission waste production and its treatment methods,analyze the influencing factors of composting,and summarize optimal O_(2) demand of aerobic composting of aerospace biomass waste.It also aims to define optimal O_(2) demand of each stage of aerobic composting of organic waste in order to achieve a low O_(2) consumption composting technology for the extraterrestrial planet base.The main recyclable wastes(feces,food residue,and non-edible parts of plants or crops)generated in CELSS are expected to be 0.13 kg,0.31 kg,and 2.12 kg/person/day,which requires 0.173 to 0.692 kg of O_(2) for the normal composting process.Due to the change of the degradation rate at different stages,the O_(2) demand of each stage is different.In detail,the different stages for varying O_(2) requirements are the heating period:0.022 to 0.032 L·kg^(−1).dry matter(DM)·min^(−1),the thermophilic period:0.027 to 0.05 L·kg^(−1).DM·min^(−1),and the cooling period:0.006 to 0.02 L·kg^(−1).DM·min^(−1).The O_(2) demand of aerospace biomass waste compost could be 0.022 to 0.153 L.kg−1.DM.min−1.Adequate O_(2) supply according to these requirements could reduce O_(2) consumption and potential pollutant emission.展开更多
基金supported by the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering(Grant No.HFNKL2023WN03)the Foundation of Basic Strengthening Program(Grant No.2020-JCJQ-ZD-265-00)the Foundation of Innovative Research Team Supporting Project(Advanced ECLS Technology Research and Development).
文摘Recently,the Moon has once again become the focus of the aerospace field.The lunar base is likely to be the next long-term extraterrestrial base for humans after the near-Earth orbit space station.However,the cost of lunar replenishment will substantially increase,and the time required for replenishment will become longer.It is necessary to establish a living system with higher degree of material closure and stronger self-sustainability to provide life support service for residents.The controlled ecological life support system(CELSS)is a feasible way to achieve the circular supply of oxygen,water,and food through biological regeneration.However,there is a practical issue of how to gradually establish a CELSS on the Moon and how to match the bio-regenerative system with the physicochemical system established in the early stage,to reduce the cost of the construction of the lunar life support system.In this paper,based on fully inheriting the physicochemical regeneration technologies of the present near-Earth orbit space station,biological components such as plants,microalgae,and microorganisms were gradually introduced in 4 stages to establish an upgraded CELSS with a total material closure degree of 98%.In addition,the material flux models of C,H,and O elements at different stages of the lunar base were designed and calculated.The results of this paper provide a reference for the construction of future lunar base life support systems in terms of improving the engineering feasibility of CELSS.
基金supported by the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering (Grant no. 6142222210702).
文摘During space missions,various waste products are produced.Recyclable waste can be treated by aerobic composting to achieve in situ recycling.Considering the limited logistics supply in the Controlled Ecological Life Support System(CELSS),waste recycling should reduce energy consumption and material carrying pressure,increase recycling efficiency,and improve the quality of the daily life of astronauts.However,current composting technology often has polluting gas emissions in the case of limited oxygen(O_(2))consumption.Therefore,this review aims to distill available information about aerospace mission waste production and its treatment methods,analyze the influencing factors of composting,and summarize optimal O_(2) demand of aerobic composting of aerospace biomass waste.It also aims to define optimal O_(2) demand of each stage of aerobic composting of organic waste in order to achieve a low O_(2) consumption composting technology for the extraterrestrial planet base.The main recyclable wastes(feces,food residue,and non-edible parts of plants or crops)generated in CELSS are expected to be 0.13 kg,0.31 kg,and 2.12 kg/person/day,which requires 0.173 to 0.692 kg of O_(2) for the normal composting process.Due to the change of the degradation rate at different stages,the O_(2) demand of each stage is different.In detail,the different stages for varying O_(2) requirements are the heating period:0.022 to 0.032 L·kg^(−1).dry matter(DM)·min^(−1),the thermophilic period:0.027 to 0.05 L·kg^(−1).DM·min^(−1),and the cooling period:0.006 to 0.02 L·kg^(−1).DM·min^(−1).The O_(2) demand of aerospace biomass waste compost could be 0.022 to 0.153 L.kg−1.DM.min−1.Adequate O_(2) supply according to these requirements could reduce O_(2) consumption and potential pollutant emission.
