According to the plant information of Puxing Village, a typical village in Chengdu Plain, the GIS map was drawn to analyze the landscape ecology pattern by FRAGSTATS software. The results show that in the past 10 year...According to the plant information of Puxing Village, a typical village in Chengdu Plain, the GIS map was drawn to analyze the landscape ecology pattern by FRAGSTATS software. The results show that in the past 10 years, although urbanization had a great impact on the rural ecological pattern, it was still in a stable ecological environment. The comparison of the landscape index shows that the replacement of the vegetation community pattern leads to the conversion of the source population from the original farmland to laurel, and the increase of whole vegetation community under artificial intervention is the most important factor for the change of the vegetation community richness. At the same time, the pattern analysis at the horizontal level also reveals the obvious effect of the fast road as an artificial product for the enhancement of nearby vegetation community richness.展开更多
The society is constantly developing, and the landscape garden landscape is also constantly changing. Traditional landscape gardens are being eliminated, step by step to launch the historical stage, the updated landsc...The society is constantly developing, and the landscape garden landscape is also constantly changing. Traditional landscape gardens are being eliminated, step by step to launch the historical stage, the updated landscape is gradually formed. As an important part of human society, landscape gardens must keep up with the development pace of The Times for planning and design renewal, so that landscape gardens can continue to provide services for people. However, the planning and design update of landscape architecture can not be completely separated from the history, and it needs to ensure its continuity in the history. This paper briefly discusses the steps and expression forms of landscape ecological pattern analysis, and also analyzes the application of landscape ecological pattern analysis in landscape garden planning and design in detail, hoping to provide some theoretical reference for the development of relevant practical work.展开更多
Ecological security provides the basis of maintaining both a sustainable regional ecosystem and economic development.However,few studies have focused on how the features such as topography and geomorphology,lithologic...Ecological security provides the basis of maintaining both a sustainable regional ecosystem and economic development.However,few studies have focused on how the features such as topography and geomorphology,lithologic stratigraphic assemblages,and geohazard distribution affect the construction of ecological security patterns and the layout of optimization measures.In order to comprehensively reveal the key areas and key objects of ecological restoration in karst basins,this study takes the Beipan River Basin(BRB)as an example,constructs an ecological security pattern(ESP)based on the methods of morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA),landscape connectivity analysis and circuit theory,and lays out the optimization measures in combination with the spatial distribution characteristics of topographic and geomorphological differences and lithological stratigraphic combinations.The results show that 151 ecological sources,343 ecological corridors,121 pinch points and 178 barriers constitute the ESP of the BRB.Lithology is closely related to the spatial distribution characteristics of ecological source sites.Level 1 and 2 ecological sources(The ecological sources were categorized into level 1,level 2,and level 3 source from high to low importance.)are concentrated in the Emeishan basalt region of the upstream and the clastic and impure carbonate rock region of the downstream part of the BRB;level 3ecological sources are concentrated in the carbonate rock region of the midstream.Taking into account the outstanding ecological problems in the basin,and based on the characteristics of lithology and geohazard distribution,we propose the optimization scheme of“three axes,three zones and multiple points”for the ESP and the layout of specific measures of the BRB.The results can provide scientific references for maintaining ecological security maintenance in karst ecologically fragile areas.展开更多
The Yellow River Delta(YRD), a critical economic zone along China's eastern coast, also functions as a vital ecological reserve in the lower Yellow River. Amidst rapid industrialization and urbanization, the regio...The Yellow River Delta(YRD), a critical economic zone along China's eastern coast, also functions as a vital ecological reserve in the lower Yellow River. Amidst rapid industrialization and urbanization, the region has witnessed significant land use/cover changes(LUCC), impacting ecosystem services(ES) and ecological security patterns(ESP). Investigating LUCC's effects on ES and ESP in the YRD is crucial for ecological security and sustainable development. This study utilized the PLUS model to simulate 2030 land use scenarios, including natural development(NDS), economic development(EDS), and ecological protection scenarios(EPS). Subsequently, the InVEST model and circuit theory were applied to assess ES and ESP under varying LUCC scenarios from 2010 to 2030. Findings indicate:(1) Notable LUCC from 2010 to 2030, marked by decreasing cropland and increasing construction land and water bodies.(2) From 2010 to 2020, improvements were observed in carbon storage,water yield, soil retention, and habitat quality, whereas 2020–2030 saw increases in water yield and soil retention but declines in habitat quality and carbon storage. Among the scenarios, EPS showed superior performance in all four ES.(3) Between 2010 and 2030, ecological sources, corridors, and pinchpoints expanded, displaying significant spatial heterogeneity. The EPS scenario yielded the most substantial increases in ecological sources,corridors, and pinchpoints, totaling 582.89 km^(2), 645.03 km^(2),and 64.43 km^(2), respectively. This study highlights the importance of EPS, offering insightful scientific guidance for the YRD's sustainable development.展开更多
It is one of the fundamental research contents of rural revitalization by constructing a ecological security pattern of rural landscape,providing important basis for scientifically formulating rural spatial planning a...It is one of the fundamental research contents of rural revitalization by constructing a ecological security pattern of rural landscape,providing important basis for scientifically formulating rural spatial planning and sustainable rural development.The research on ecological security patterns of landscape at home and abroad is mainly focused on urban areas.In the context of rural revitalization,the research on strategies and paths for constructing the ecological security pattern of rural landscapes aims to provide important references for the overall planning and design of rural areas and the optimization of rural resource allocation.Using 3S(GPS,RS,GIS)technology methods,this paper systematically analyzes and elaborates on the construction strategies and paths of rural water ecological security pattern,rural biological protection security pattern,rural geological disaster security pattern,and local cultural landscape security pattern.Through the comprehensive superposition of the patterns,a comprehensive ecological security pattern of rural landscape is finally constructed.In the process of constructing and improving the ecological security pattern of rural landscape,emphasis is placed on top-level design,long-term planning,multi-party participation,mechanism improvement,technological innovation,and the strategy of“integrating knowledge with action”.展开更多
Territorial spatial ecological restoration is a crucial prerequisite for optimizing the territorial spatial patterns,enhancing the ecosystem functions,and achieving sustainable development at the regional scale.The Qa...Territorial spatial ecological restoration is a crucial prerequisite for optimizing the territorial spatial patterns,enhancing the ecosystem functions,and achieving sustainable development at the regional scale.The Qaidam Basin,located in the alpine arid region of the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau,China,is experiencing desertification,biodiversity loss,soil erosion,and environmental pollution.Selecting the Qaidam Basin as the study area,we identified 9 ecological sources in the region using the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis(MSPA)method and the landscape connectivity assessment,and extracted 10 significant corridors and 26 general corridors using the Minimum Cumulative Resistance(MCR)and Gravity models.Then,we determined 114 ecological"pinch points"and 42 ecological barrier points by employing the Circuit Theory,thereby constructing the ecological security pattern of the area.Further,we evaluated the ecosystem health of the Qaidam Basin during 2003–2023 using the Vitality–Organization–Resilience–Service(VORS)model.Finally,we integrated ecosystem health assessment and ecological security pattern to comprehensively identify the key areas for ecological restoration in the Qaidam Basin.The results revealed that the ecosystem in the basin fluctuated toward a healthier state from 2003 to 2023.The average ecosystem health index(EHI)for the basin decreased from 0.34 in 2003 to 0.28 in 2013,followed by a substantial recovery to 0.36 in 2023.Higher EHI values were found in the northeastern,southeastern,and southwestern fringes and lower values were located in the basin interior and northwestern region.During 2003–2023,the areas that exhibited a decrease in EHI were primarily located in the interior and northwestern regions of the basin,while those that exhibited an increase in EHI were located in the northeastern,southeastern,and southwestern fringes,demonstrating expanded spatial differences.This may be attributed to the fact that once an eco-environment is damaged,the ecological recovery of the vulnerable areas within the eco-environment will be slow and difficult.This study identified four types of ecological restoration areas,including corridor connectivity,artificial restoration,ecological recovery,and ecological enhancement zones,covering a total area of 6034.7 km2,and proposed targeted ecological restoration strategies according to these different categories.Our findings can serve as a valuable reference for optimizing the territorial spatial patterns,enhancing the ecosystem functions,and promoting sustainable development in the Qaidam Basin.展开更多
Studying an ecological restoration zoning process under the background of ecological security patterns is of great significance to the rapid adjustment and optimization of a landscape pattern.In this study,a remote se...Studying an ecological restoration zoning process under the background of ecological security patterns is of great significance to the rapid adjustment and optimization of a landscape pattern.In this study,a remote sensing ecological index and a morphological spatial pattern analysis method were used to assess the quality of habitats and identify ecological sources in the city of Ningbo;ecological corridors,ecological pinch points,and ecological barrier points were extracted by using a circuit theory to construct ecological security patterns and ecological restoration zones.The results indicate:(1)There were 47 ecological sources,and 83 key ecological corridors in Ningbo,and the ecological land area was about 1898.39 km^(2),accounting for 19.89%of the total study area.(2)The ecological source areas were distributed in“one patch and three belts”,and the low-resistance ecological corridors were concentrated in southern Yuyao city,western Haishu district,and central and western Fenghua district;the ecological network in the western and southern regions was dense.(3)There were four types of ecological restoration zones that need to be established,which were prioritized restoration zones,prioritized protection zones,key conservation zones,and general conservation zones distributed hierarchically from inner part towards outside.(4)Ninghai county,Yuyao city,and Fenghua district had large ecological land areas,however,prioritized restoration and protection zones in Ninghai and Fenghua were also large.The analysis results are expected to provide a reference for optimizing a territorial ecological space in a city.展开更多
The middle reaches of the Yellow River represent an important area for the protection and development of the Yellow River Basin.Most of the area of the river basin is within the Loess Plateau,which establishes it as a...The middle reaches of the Yellow River represent an important area for the protection and development of the Yellow River Basin.Most of the area of the river basin is within the Loess Plateau,which establishes it as a fragile ecological environment.Firstly,using high-resolution data of land use in the watershed from the past 30 years,landscape ecological risk(LER)sample units are defined and an ecological risk index(ERI)model is constructed.Kriging interpolation is used to display the LER spatial patterns,and the temporal and spatial evolution of risk is examined.Secondly,the spatial evolution of land use landscape change(LULC)is analyzed,and the correlation between land use landscape and ecological risk is discussed.Finally,Based on the LER model,a risk-based minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model is established,and a comprehensive protection and management network system for the ecological source-corridor-node system designed.The results suggest that in the past 30 years,LER has a high spatial correlation and areas with extremely high ecological risks are concentrated in northwest and southeast areas of the region,of which the northwest area accounts for the highest proportion.Risk intensity is closely related to the spatial pattern of land use landscape.ERI values of forestland,grasslands,and unused land and farmland are low,medium,and high,respectively.The trend of risk evolution is“overall improvement and partial deterioration”.Man-made construction and exploitation is the most direct reason for the increase of local ecological risks.The high ecological-risk areas in the northwest are dominated by deserts which reduce excessive interference by human activities on the natural landscape.Recommendations are:high-quality farmland should be protected;forestland should be restored and rebuilt;repair and adjust the existing ecosystem to assist in landscape regeneration and reconstruction;utilize the overall planning vision of“mountain,water,forest,field,lake,grass,sand”to design a management project at the basin scale;adhere to problem-oriented and precise policy implementation.展开更多
Following the trends of Chinese rural transformation development, and the sustainable development goals for resources and environment, reasonable arranging the potential development space and the ecological space, so ...Following the trends of Chinese rural transformation development, and the sustainable development goals for resources and environment, reasonable arranging the potential development space and the ecological space, so as to optimize the distributions of rural settlement would be the key challenge for rural areas in ecologically fragile regions. From the perspective of maintaining regional ecological security, this paper takes Da’an City, a typical ecological fragile region in Jilin Province, as the case area, constructing the comprehensive ecological security pattern(ESP) on basis of landscape ecology, and applying the landscape pattern indexes to quantitative analysis the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements. Then, different optimization directions and management strategies are put forward for rural settlements in each secure zone under the comprehensive ESP. The experimental results showed that 1) the area of the low security zone, the general security zone, the moderate security zone and the extreme security zone was 1570.18 km^2, 1463.36 km^2, 1215.80 km^2 and 629.77 km^2, representing 32.18%, 29.99%, 24.92% and 12.91% of the total area of the target area, respectively. 2) The rural settlements in Da’an City were characterized by a high degree of fragmentation with a large number of small-scale patches. 3) The area of rural settlements in the ecological relocation zone, the in situ remediation zone, the limited development zone and the key development zone was 22.80 km^2, 42.31 km^2, 36.28 km^2 and 19.40 km^2, accounting for 18.88%, 35.03%, 30.04% and 16.06% of the total area of rural settlements, respectively. Then, different measures were proposed for settlements in different optimization zones in order to scientifically plan important ecological space, production space and living space in rural areas. This paper aims to provide fundamental support for rural settlements based on redistribution from the perspective of landscape ecology and provide insights for rural planning and rural habitat environmental improvement.展开更多
Unreasonable land use practices have led to the imbalance of ecosystem functions and a continuous decline in the supply capacity of ecological products.Ecological restoration zoning serves as an effective spatial solu...Unreasonable land use practices have led to the imbalance of ecosystem functions and a continuous decline in the supply capacity of ecological products.Ecological restoration zoning serves as an effective spatial solution.Traditional approaches to delineating ecological restoration zones often rely on a single perspective,such as ecological security or risk assessment,while neglecting the interrelationships between ecological security elements and risk-inducing activities,as well as the adaptive capacity of ecosystems themselves.This study focused on the Guangzhou Metropolitan Area,and integrated multidimensional ecosystem services(water,soil,air,biodiversity,carbon)with circuit theory to construct an ecological security pattern featuring optimal corridor widths.Meanwhile,ecological resilience and the intensity of human disturbances were quantified and overlaid to jointly determine the priority order of ecological restoration zones.The results revealed three key aspects of this system.(1)A total of 55 ecological source patches were identified under this framework,covering a total area of 9062.0 km^(2).This study detected 130 ecological corridors with a total length of 653.6 km,and they were classified into 18 high-resistance,70 medium-resistance,and 42 low-resistance corridors,primarily distributed in the central region.In addition,eight ecological pinch points were identified as critical nodes for restoration.(2)Ecological resilience in the Guangzhou Metropolitan Area shows a spatial pattern of"high in the east and west,low in the south",although it generally remains at a moderately low level.In contrast,the impact of human disturbances displays a pattern of"high in the central and southern regions,low in the northeast and west",with a moderately high intensity overall.(3)The Guangzhou Metropolitan Area was zoned into five categories:priority restoration areas,key restoration areas,general restoration areas,secondary restoration areas,and routine restoration areas.The total area of the priority restoration zones is 1051.80 km^(2),and these zones are mainly distributed across districts and counties such as Duanzhou,Gaoyao,Gaoming,Dinghu,Fogang,Conghua,and Zengcheng.By establishing a technical framework of"ecological security pattern-ecological risk assessment-ecological restoration zoning",this study rationally prioritized restoration efforts,thereby providing actionable insights for advancing ecological civilization and guiding ecological conservation management in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.展开更多
Accurately assessing the value of ecosystem services and establishing an ecological security pattern to identify the future trends and characteristics of changes in the ecological security pattern and maintain regiona...Accurately assessing the value of ecosystem services and establishing an ecological security pattern to identify the future trends and characteristics of changes in the ecological security pattern and maintain regional ecological security is of great significance for promoting regional sustainability.Based on the calculation of the ecosystem service value in Hubei Province,the study identified the ecological source areas in combination with the types of landscape patterns.It selected the resistance factors that fit the characteristics of the study area in combination with previous studies to establish the ecological resistance surface.The McR model was used to extract the potential ecological corridors in the study area and identify the ecological nodes.Construct the ecological security pattern of Hubei Province from 1992 to 2022 and analyze its spatio-temporal dynamic change characteristics.The research results show that:(1)The value of ecosystem services in Hubei Province has generally shown a fluctuating upward trend from 1992 to 2022.Among the types of ecosystem services,the value of regulatory services accounts for the largest proportion.Among different land use types,the value of ecosystem services provided by forest land types is the highest.(2)A total of 10 ecological sources were extracted in the study.It is mainly distributed in Shennongjia Forestry District,Shiyan City and Enshi City,with a small portion found in the northeastern and southeastern parts of Hubei Province.(3)The 35 potential ecological corridors identified are mainly closed circular structures,presenting a distribution feature of"more in the east and less in the west".(4)Build an ecological security pattern with Jingmen City as the center,connecting Shiyan City,Shennongjia Forestry District,Xianyang City,Huanggang City and Suizhou City.The research put forward optimization suggestions in response to the specific problems existing in the ecological security pattern and the actual ecological conditions of Hubei Province.The research results can provide ideas and methods for the optimization of the ecological security pattern and the high-quality development of the ecosystem in Hubei Province,and at the same time offer reference value for the protection and optimization of ecosystems at other provincial levels.展开更多
The construction of an ecological security pattern(ESP)is an important way to ensure regional ecological security and to achieve sustainable regional development.It is also one of the hotspot topics of landscape ecolo...The construction of an ecological security pattern(ESP)is an important way to ensure regional ecological security and to achieve sustainable regional development.It is also one of the hotspot topics of landscape ecology research.This paper identifies the ecological source through the evaluation of the ecosystem service and ecosystem sensitivity of the Lanzhou-Xining(Lan-Xi)urban agglomeration.The minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model modified by night light data NPP/VIIRS(National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Preparatory Project/Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite)was used to measure the relative resistance of the materials and energy circulation between the source areas,and to establish the resistance surface of the ecological source area expansion.Then ecological corridors were identified based on ecological sources and resistance surface.The ecological strategic node is the ecological fragile point in the ecological corridors.The ecological strategic node is identified with hydrological module by superimposing the"ridge line"of cumulative ecological resistance with the ecological corridor.Combined with ecological sources,corridors and strategic nodes,the ESP of the Lan-Xi urban agglomeration can be constructed.The ecological source of the Lan-Xi urban agglomeration accounts for 28.42%of the total area,most of which is distributed within Qinghai Province.The nature reserves in the area are all located within the ecological source area.A total of 41 potential ecological corridors have been identified in the study area.The total length of the potential corridors is 1201.03 km,comprising 23 source corridors and 18 radiation corridors.There are 30 strategic nodes identified in the Lan-Xi urban agglomeration.These locations are the most vulnerable areas of the ecological corridors.Ecological engineering should be applied in the construction of corridors.Affected by the ecological source,the potential ecological corridor extends from the northwest to the southeast,which is basically consistent with the direction trend of the mountains in the region.展开更多
Against the background of accelerated urbanization in China, the expansion of urban land uses, especially the construction of development zones have incorporated urban development land uses, and more ecological spaces...Against the background of accelerated urbanization in China, the expansion of urban land uses, especially the construction of development zones have incorporated urban development land uses, and more ecological spaces have been invaded by construction activities. However, the maintenance of urban ecological security, scientificity, integrality and continuity of ecosystem, as well as scientificity of the defining methods and the effective supervision of the basic ecological control line have become bones of contention. This paper, from the perspective of "anti-planning", synthesized the theories and methods such as urban-rural planning, ecology and GIS, coupled ecological sensitivity assessment and ecological security pattern to define the basic ecological control lines of the planning area in Anqing City. The basic ecological control line area includes ecological baseline area and ecological development area. Management and control strategies of basic ecological control line were elaborated from the following aspects: implementation of the basic ecological control line, protection and utilization of ecological resources within the lines, solutions to existing construction land within the lines, adjustment mechanism and implementation guarantee mechanism of basic ecological control line.展开更多
The construction of an ecological security pattern(ESP)is an effective approach to addressing ecological concerns in urban agglomerations.However,previous research has often overlooked the ecological characteristics a...The construction of an ecological security pattern(ESP)is an effective approach to addressing ecological concerns in urban agglomerations.However,previous research has often overlooked the ecological characteristics at different spatial scales,making it difficult to effectively tackle environmental issues.This study focuses on the Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan urban agglomeration(CZXUA)to construct an ESP from 2 scales:the urban agglomeration and the metropolitan area.First,ecological sources at different scales were identified and optimized using morphological spatial pattern analysis,ecosystem service supply assessment,landscape connectivity evaluation,and ecological demand intensity analysis.Next,spatial principal component analysis was employed to analyze resistance factors across different spatial scales,enabling the construction of a multi-scale landscape resistance surface.Finally,multi-scale ecological corridors were extracted using circuit theory,and the ecological corridors passing through the central urban area were optimized.As a result,176 ecological sources,337 ecological corridors,60 ecological pinch points,and 30 ecological barrier points were identified,forming the overall ESP for the CZXUA.Furthermore,an ecological protection and optimization pattern,described as“One River,Seven Waters,One Heart,and Eight Wedges”,was proposed based on the ESP.This pattern highlights pivotal areas for ecological protection and restoration within the national land space.This study provides a comprehensive example of constructing a multi-scale ecological corridor network and identifying critical areas for ecological protection and restoration.The findings can serve as a reference for special ecological protection planning in urban agglomerations.展开更多
The escalating degradation of urban eco-environments has underscored the significance of ecological security in sustainable urban development.Green infrastructure bridges green spaces in cities and increases ecosystem...The escalating degradation of urban eco-environments has underscored the significance of ecological security in sustainable urban development.Green infrastructure bridges green spaces in cities and increases ecosystem connectivity,thereby optimizing urban ecological security patterns.This study uses Nanjing as a case study and adopts a research paradigm that involves identifying ecological sources,constructing resistance surfaces,and subsequently extracting corridors within the ecological security pattern.This method amalgamates the evaluation of green infrastructure supply and demand,leading to the identification of both ecological corridors and nodes.The findings reveal that while the supply of green infrastructure in Nanjing is low in the city center and high in the suburbs,demand is high in the central area and low in the periphery,indicating a spatial mismatch between supply and demand.Ecological corridors and nodes are categorized into the core,important,and general levels based on their centrality and areas of supply–demand optimization.The connectivity,supply capacity,and supply–demand relationship of green infrastructure in Nanjing have been enhanced to varying degrees through the ecological security pattern optimization.The results of this study can serve as a decision-making reference for optimizing green infrastructure network patterns and enhancing urban ecological security.展开更多
The uniqueness and integrity of water ecology in the Yangtze River Basin is of great significance for maintaining global ecological balance.Understanding the historical evolution of water ecology pattern in the Yangtz...The uniqueness and integrity of water ecology in the Yangtze River Basin is of great significance for maintaining global ecological balance.Understanding the historical evolution of water ecology pattern in the Yangtze River Basin over the past century is imperative for improving the comprehensive river basin management and promoting sustainable development.In this paper,the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the water ecology pattern in the Yangtze River Basin over the past century are quantitatively analyzed in aspects of lake wetlands,material flux and aquatic biological populations.Then,by a perspective of social-ecological system,the evolution process of the water ecology pattern in the Yangtze River Basin over the past century is divided into four sequential stages based on the change of interactions between social-ecological system components.The driving factors and their mechanism on evolution process of the water ecology pattern in the Yangtze River Basin at different stages are revealed respectively.Based on the integrity of the ecosystem and the system-aticity of the basin,it proposes strategies for the governance and protection of the Yangtze River Basin’s water ecology,in-cluding constructing a“natural-engineering”coupling governance system,strengthening species conservation and habitat restoration,developing green and ecological circular agriculture,and promoting the urban“water operator”mode.These strategies aim to promote harmonious coexistence between humans and nature and provide reference and guidance for high-quality development and high-level protection of major rivers around the world.展开更多
Bacterial and fungal communities play critical roles in reestablishing vegetation structure,function and biodiversity in ecosystem restoration in arid and semi-arid areas.However,the long-term successional changes in ...Bacterial and fungal communities play critical roles in reestablishing vegetation structure,function and biodiversity in ecosystem restoration in arid and semi-arid areas.However,the long-term successional changes in bacterial and fungal communities that occur with artificial vegetation development are not fully understood.In this study,we investigated the successional changes in bacterial and fungal communities in Caragana korshinskii Kom.plantation over a period of 50 a(6,12,18,40 and 50 a)and their relationships with key soil environmental factors in a typical agro-pastoral ecotone,northern China.The results showed that bacterial and fungal diversities(α-andβ-diversity)were significantly affected by plantation age;moreover,the change in fungal community was more evident than that in bacterial community.Soil samples from 12 a plantation had the highest(P<0.05)bacterial and fungalα-diversity(i.e.,abundance-based coverage estimator(ACE)and Chao1 index)at 0-10 cm depth compared with other samples.However,soil samples from plantation at the late recovery stage(40-50 a)had the highestα-diversity at 10-20 cm depth.Soil bacterial community was not significantly affected by plantation age at the genus level;but,soil fungal community was significantly affected at the genus level.Overall,Mortierella and Chaetomium were the dominant genera at natural recovery stage(0 a);Inocybe was the dominant genus at the early recovery stage(6-12 a);Inocybe and Mortierella were the dominant genera at the mid-recovery stage(12-40 a);And Mortierella,Cladosporium and Humicola were the dominant genera at the late recovery stage(40-50 a).Redundancy analysis(RDA)showed thatβ-glucosidase activity,total nitrogen and soil organic carbon were closely associated with bacterial community composition,while alkaline phosphatase,urease activity and total nitrogen were associated with fungal community composition,indicating that changes in enzyme activity and soil nutrients were the most important determinants of dominant genera.Furthermore,pathogenic microorganisms(Cladosporium and Humicola)were dominant in soils from 40-50 a plantation,which may affect plant growth,resulting in the decline of C.korshinskii plantation.Overall,the findings of this study improve the understanding of ecological patterns of bacterial and fungal communities in artificial vegetation and provide an important scientific basis for comprehensive ecological restoration management in arid and semi-arid areas.展开更多
The potential role of soil pH in modulating plant productivity was assessed on the basis of dry mass, harvested in the form of 0.25 m2 quadrats, in two low-productivity upland grasslands of northern Greece subjected t...The potential role of soil pH in modulating plant productivity was assessed on the basis of dry mass, harvested in the form of 0.25 m2 quadrats, in two low-productivity upland grasslands of northern Greece subjected to annual factorial nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） fertilization （15 g N m-2 year-1 and 10 g P m-2 year-I） over a minimum period of 3 years. It was hypothesized that under these particular conditions, a positive relationship would exist between soil pH and plant productivity and, further, that N or P fertilizer application of a nutrient limited system, would result in a weakening of this positive relationship. A significant positive relationship was confirmed between soil pH and plant productivity in one of the two study areas and a positive trend in the other. Moreover, plant productivity increase, following fertilization, appeared to have a detrimental effect on the soil pH-plant productivity relationship. Findings support the original hypotheses and strengthen the idea that plant diversity-mediated soil pH-plant productivity relationships are a result of the more intense plant speciation that occurred under the more ＂typical＂ soil conditions of higher pH in temperate as opposed to tropical regions展开更多
Veredas are regarded as humid complexes of ecological, water and scenery significance in Cerrado biome related to water table outcrop. Direct alterations in these environments can lead to species diversity reduction a...Veredas are regarded as humid complexes of ecological, water and scenery significance in Cerrado biome related to water table outcrop. Direct alterations in these environments can lead to species diversity reduction and also facilitate biological invasion processes. Thus our study aims to investigate the natural regeneration, the coverage of woody vegetation and the invasive species in two sites in secondary successional stage in the central part of Cerrado biome. Our study was carried out at two sites located at Minas Gerais state, Brazil. We established plots randomly throughout transects laid perpendicularly to the vereda’s drain line. We used the line intercept method to analyze the vegetation coverage. We set five 10-m width transects in each of both areas, perpendicular to the vereda’s drain line to evaluate the distribution of invasive alien species in the two areas. The richness did not vary between communities (U = 67.50;p = 0.061);on the other hand we found significant difference in density estimates (U = 36.50;p = 0.002). We found significant difference between categories for soil coverage in both sites. Grasses showed the highest coverage when compared to the other categories (K = 45.06;p < 0.001 for site 1 and K = 67.47;p < 0.001 for site 2). We observed a zonation tendency in site 1, with a higher native grass coverage at middle and backwards zones (K = 7.734, p < 0.05). We only found Pinus caribaea Morelet individuals in the invasive species survey. We recorded 46 Pinus caribaea individuals at site 1 and 116 Pinus caribaea individuals at site 2. From the latter group we found 13 individuals within the vereda and 103 in the surrounding vegetation. Both sites have a high natural woody plant regeneration potential although the presence of alien grasses in the veredas’ edge and Pinus caribaea all over the humidity gradient highlights the vulnerability of these areas to biological invasion.展开更多
The ecological environment quality is an important constraint and an optimization objective for land resource allocation.Integrating ecological service value(ESV)accounting and ecological security pattern(ESP)delineat...The ecological environment quality is an important constraint and an optimization objective for land resource allocation.Integrating ecological service value(ESV)accounting and ecological security pattern(ESP)delineation,and combining with the land use structure of 2004/2010/2016 in Ezhou City,this research laid out the urban ESP based on ESV with Net Primary Productivity(NPP),and made it as the main influence factor to simulate land use structure in 2022.The results indicated that:1)The water body has the biggest contribution to ESV,while the construction land has the minimum;2)91 ecological corridors are extracted,of which 28 were important ecological corridors;there were 36 ecological nodes extracted,including 17 important nodes;3)According to ESV,Ezhou City was divided into four security zones.The area of ecological restoration zone was the largest,and human activity core zone area was the smallest;4)In the no ESP protection scenarios and ESP protection scenarios separately,the net increase area of construction land is from 868.5 hm^(2) to 52.74 hm^(2) in the ecological core protection area;the construction land in the human activity core area has been increased by 2342.31 hm^(2) in protected scene,766.23 hm^(2) more than that of the unprotected scene.The results show that the division of security zones promoted the relocation of construction land from ecological protection core zone to human activity core zone,which can protect the ecological environment effectively,and the ESP-based simulation can provide the decision-making reference to coordinate the relationship of regional land resource allocation and the ecological environment protection.展开更多
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Fundation of China(51278421)
文摘According to the plant information of Puxing Village, a typical village in Chengdu Plain, the GIS map was drawn to analyze the landscape ecology pattern by FRAGSTATS software. The results show that in the past 10 years, although urbanization had a great impact on the rural ecological pattern, it was still in a stable ecological environment. The comparison of the landscape index shows that the replacement of the vegetation community pattern leads to the conversion of the source population from the original farmland to laurel, and the increase of whole vegetation community under artificial intervention is the most important factor for the change of the vegetation community richness. At the same time, the pattern analysis at the horizontal level also reveals the obvious effect of the fast road as an artificial product for the enhancement of nearby vegetation community richness.
文摘The society is constantly developing, and the landscape garden landscape is also constantly changing. Traditional landscape gardens are being eliminated, step by step to launch the historical stage, the updated landscape is gradually formed. As an important part of human society, landscape gardens must keep up with the development pace of The Times for planning and design renewal, so that landscape gardens can continue to provide services for people. However, the planning and design update of landscape architecture can not be completely separated from the history, and it needs to ensure its continuity in the history. This paper briefly discusses the steps and expression forms of landscape ecological pattern analysis, and also analyzes the application of landscape ecological pattern analysis in landscape garden planning and design in detail, hoping to provide some theoretical reference for the development of relevant practical work.
基金jointly supported by the Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.Qiankehe Jichu-ZK[2023]Zhongdian027)the Project of the Science and Technology Innovation Base Construction of Guizhou Province(No.Qiankehe Zhongyindi[2023]005)Philosophy and Social Science Planning Subjects in Guizhou Province in 2022(No.22GZYB53)。
文摘Ecological security provides the basis of maintaining both a sustainable regional ecosystem and economic development.However,few studies have focused on how the features such as topography and geomorphology,lithologic stratigraphic assemblages,and geohazard distribution affect the construction of ecological security patterns and the layout of optimization measures.In order to comprehensively reveal the key areas and key objects of ecological restoration in karst basins,this study takes the Beipan River Basin(BRB)as an example,constructs an ecological security pattern(ESP)based on the methods of morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA),landscape connectivity analysis and circuit theory,and lays out the optimization measures in combination with the spatial distribution characteristics of topographic and geomorphological differences and lithological stratigraphic combinations.The results show that 151 ecological sources,343 ecological corridors,121 pinch points and 178 barriers constitute the ESP of the BRB.Lithology is closely related to the spatial distribution characteristics of ecological source sites.Level 1 and 2 ecological sources(The ecological sources were categorized into level 1,level 2,and level 3 source from high to low importance.)are concentrated in the Emeishan basalt region of the upstream and the clastic and impure carbonate rock region of the downstream part of the BRB;level 3ecological sources are concentrated in the carbonate rock region of the midstream.Taking into account the outstanding ecological problems in the basin,and based on the characteristics of lithology and geohazard distribution,we propose the optimization scheme of“three axes,three zones and multiple points”for the ESP and the layout of specific measures of the BRB.The results can provide scientific references for maintaining ecological security maintenance in karst ecologically fragile areas.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41461011)。
文摘The Yellow River Delta(YRD), a critical economic zone along China's eastern coast, also functions as a vital ecological reserve in the lower Yellow River. Amidst rapid industrialization and urbanization, the region has witnessed significant land use/cover changes(LUCC), impacting ecosystem services(ES) and ecological security patterns(ESP). Investigating LUCC's effects on ES and ESP in the YRD is crucial for ecological security and sustainable development. This study utilized the PLUS model to simulate 2030 land use scenarios, including natural development(NDS), economic development(EDS), and ecological protection scenarios(EPS). Subsequently, the InVEST model and circuit theory were applied to assess ES and ESP under varying LUCC scenarios from 2010 to 2030. Findings indicate:(1) Notable LUCC from 2010 to 2030, marked by decreasing cropland and increasing construction land and water bodies.(2) From 2010 to 2020, improvements were observed in carbon storage,water yield, soil retention, and habitat quality, whereas 2020–2030 saw increases in water yield and soil retention but declines in habitat quality and carbon storage. Among the scenarios, EPS showed superior performance in all four ES.(3) Between 2010 and 2030, ecological sources, corridors, and pinchpoints expanded, displaying significant spatial heterogeneity. The EPS scenario yielded the most substantial increases in ecological sources,corridors, and pinchpoints, totaling 582.89 km^(2), 645.03 km^(2),and 64.43 km^(2), respectively. This study highlights the importance of EPS, offering insightful scientific guidance for the YRD's sustainable development.
基金Sponsored by Key Project of Humanities and Social Sciences of Chongqing Education Commission(24SKGH346)Chongqing Natural Science Foundation General Project(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX1067)Natural Science Project of Chongqing College of Humanities,Science&Technology(CRKZK2023010).
文摘It is one of the fundamental research contents of rural revitalization by constructing a ecological security pattern of rural landscape,providing important basis for scientifically formulating rural spatial planning and sustainable rural development.The research on ecological security patterns of landscape at home and abroad is mainly focused on urban areas.In the context of rural revitalization,the research on strategies and paths for constructing the ecological security pattern of rural landscapes aims to provide important references for the overall planning and design of rural areas and the optimization of rural resource allocation.Using 3S(GPS,RS,GIS)technology methods,this paper systematically analyzes and elaborates on the construction strategies and paths of rural water ecological security pattern,rural biological protection security pattern,rural geological disaster security pattern,and local cultural landscape security pattern.Through the comprehensive superposition of the patterns,a comprehensive ecological security pattern of rural landscape is finally constructed.In the process of constructing and improving the ecological security pattern of rural landscape,emphasis is placed on top-level design,long-term planning,multi-party participation,mechanism improvement,technological innovation,and the strategy of“integrating knowledge with action”.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41961045)the Shanxi Province Basic Research Program(202103021223253).
文摘Territorial spatial ecological restoration is a crucial prerequisite for optimizing the territorial spatial patterns,enhancing the ecosystem functions,and achieving sustainable development at the regional scale.The Qaidam Basin,located in the alpine arid region of the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau,China,is experiencing desertification,biodiversity loss,soil erosion,and environmental pollution.Selecting the Qaidam Basin as the study area,we identified 9 ecological sources in the region using the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis(MSPA)method and the landscape connectivity assessment,and extracted 10 significant corridors and 26 general corridors using the Minimum Cumulative Resistance(MCR)and Gravity models.Then,we determined 114 ecological"pinch points"and 42 ecological barrier points by employing the Circuit Theory,thereby constructing the ecological security pattern of the area.Further,we evaluated the ecosystem health of the Qaidam Basin during 2003–2023 using the Vitality–Organization–Resilience–Service(VORS)model.Finally,we integrated ecosystem health assessment and ecological security pattern to comprehensively identify the key areas for ecological restoration in the Qaidam Basin.The results revealed that the ecosystem in the basin fluctuated toward a healthier state from 2003 to 2023.The average ecosystem health index(EHI)for the basin decreased from 0.34 in 2003 to 0.28 in 2013,followed by a substantial recovery to 0.36 in 2023.Higher EHI values were found in the northeastern,southeastern,and southwestern fringes and lower values were located in the basin interior and northwestern region.During 2003–2023,the areas that exhibited a decrease in EHI were primarily located in the interior and northwestern regions of the basin,while those that exhibited an increase in EHI were located in the northeastern,southeastern,and southwestern fringes,demonstrating expanded spatial differences.This may be attributed to the fact that once an eco-environment is damaged,the ecological recovery of the vulnerable areas within the eco-environment will be slow and difficult.This study identified four types of ecological restoration areas,including corridor connectivity,artificial restoration,ecological recovery,and ecological enhancement zones,covering a total area of 6034.7 km2,and proposed targeted ecological restoration strategies according to these different categories.Our findings can serve as a valuable reference for optimizing the territorial spatial patterns,enhancing the ecosystem functions,and promoting sustainable development in the Qaidam Basin.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41976209。
文摘Studying an ecological restoration zoning process under the background of ecological security patterns is of great significance to the rapid adjustment and optimization of a landscape pattern.In this study,a remote sensing ecological index and a morphological spatial pattern analysis method were used to assess the quality of habitats and identify ecological sources in the city of Ningbo;ecological corridors,ecological pinch points,and ecological barrier points were extracted by using a circuit theory to construct ecological security patterns and ecological restoration zones.The results indicate:(1)There were 47 ecological sources,and 83 key ecological corridors in Ningbo,and the ecological land area was about 1898.39 km^(2),accounting for 19.89%of the total study area.(2)The ecological source areas were distributed in“one patch and three belts”,and the low-resistance ecological corridors were concentrated in southern Yuyao city,western Haishu district,and central and western Fenghua district;the ecological network in the western and southern regions was dense.(3)There were four types of ecological restoration zones that need to be established,which were prioritized restoration zones,prioritized protection zones,key conservation zones,and general conservation zones distributed hierarchically from inner part towards outside.(4)Ninghai county,Yuyao city,and Fenghua district had large ecological land areas,however,prioritized restoration and protection zones in Ninghai and Fenghua were also large.The analysis results are expected to provide a reference for optimizing a territorial ecological space in a city.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41601290。
文摘The middle reaches of the Yellow River represent an important area for the protection and development of the Yellow River Basin.Most of the area of the river basin is within the Loess Plateau,which establishes it as a fragile ecological environment.Firstly,using high-resolution data of land use in the watershed from the past 30 years,landscape ecological risk(LER)sample units are defined and an ecological risk index(ERI)model is constructed.Kriging interpolation is used to display the LER spatial patterns,and the temporal and spatial evolution of risk is examined.Secondly,the spatial evolution of land use landscape change(LULC)is analyzed,and the correlation between land use landscape and ecological risk is discussed.Finally,Based on the LER model,a risk-based minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model is established,and a comprehensive protection and management network system for the ecological source-corridor-node system designed.The results suggest that in the past 30 years,LER has a high spatial correlation and areas with extremely high ecological risks are concentrated in northwest and southeast areas of the region,of which the northwest area accounts for the highest proportion.Risk intensity is closely related to the spatial pattern of land use landscape.ERI values of forestland,grasslands,and unused land and farmland are low,medium,and high,respectively.The trend of risk evolution is“overall improvement and partial deterioration”.Man-made construction and exploitation is the most direct reason for the increase of local ecological risks.The high ecological-risk areas in the northwest are dominated by deserts which reduce excessive interference by human activities on the natural landscape.Recommendations are:high-quality farmland should be protected;forestland should be restored and rebuilt;repair and adjust the existing ecosystem to assist in landscape regeneration and reconstruction;utilize the overall planning vision of“mountain,water,forest,field,lake,grass,sand”to design a management project at the basin scale;adhere to problem-oriented and precise policy implementation.
基金the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571152,41771179)the Social Science Foundation of Jilin Province,China(No.2019B56)。
文摘Following the trends of Chinese rural transformation development, and the sustainable development goals for resources and environment, reasonable arranging the potential development space and the ecological space, so as to optimize the distributions of rural settlement would be the key challenge for rural areas in ecologically fragile regions. From the perspective of maintaining regional ecological security, this paper takes Da’an City, a typical ecological fragile region in Jilin Province, as the case area, constructing the comprehensive ecological security pattern(ESP) on basis of landscape ecology, and applying the landscape pattern indexes to quantitative analysis the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements. Then, different optimization directions and management strategies are put forward for rural settlements in each secure zone under the comprehensive ESP. The experimental results showed that 1) the area of the low security zone, the general security zone, the moderate security zone and the extreme security zone was 1570.18 km^2, 1463.36 km^2, 1215.80 km^2 and 629.77 km^2, representing 32.18%, 29.99%, 24.92% and 12.91% of the total area of the target area, respectively. 2) The rural settlements in Da’an City were characterized by a high degree of fragmentation with a large number of small-scale patches. 3) The area of rural settlements in the ecological relocation zone, the in situ remediation zone, the limited development zone and the key development zone was 22.80 km^2, 42.31 km^2, 36.28 km^2 and 19.40 km^2, accounting for 18.88%, 35.03%, 30.04% and 16.06% of the total area of rural settlements, respectively. Then, different measures were proposed for settlements in different optimization zones in order to scientifically plan important ecological space, production space and living space in rural areas. This paper aims to provide fundamental support for rural settlements based on redistribution from the perspective of landscape ecology and provide insights for rural planning and rural habitat environmental improvement.
基金The Guangdong Province Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project(GD23XSH16)The Guangdong Province Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project(GD23XSH15)The Guangdong Higher Education Society(23GQN66)。
文摘Unreasonable land use practices have led to the imbalance of ecosystem functions and a continuous decline in the supply capacity of ecological products.Ecological restoration zoning serves as an effective spatial solution.Traditional approaches to delineating ecological restoration zones often rely on a single perspective,such as ecological security or risk assessment,while neglecting the interrelationships between ecological security elements and risk-inducing activities,as well as the adaptive capacity of ecosystems themselves.This study focused on the Guangzhou Metropolitan Area,and integrated multidimensional ecosystem services(water,soil,air,biodiversity,carbon)with circuit theory to construct an ecological security pattern featuring optimal corridor widths.Meanwhile,ecological resilience and the intensity of human disturbances were quantified and overlaid to jointly determine the priority order of ecological restoration zones.The results revealed three key aspects of this system.(1)A total of 55 ecological source patches were identified under this framework,covering a total area of 9062.0 km^(2).This study detected 130 ecological corridors with a total length of 653.6 km,and they were classified into 18 high-resistance,70 medium-resistance,and 42 low-resistance corridors,primarily distributed in the central region.In addition,eight ecological pinch points were identified as critical nodes for restoration.(2)Ecological resilience in the Guangzhou Metropolitan Area shows a spatial pattern of"high in the east and west,low in the south",although it generally remains at a moderately low level.In contrast,the impact of human disturbances displays a pattern of"high in the central and southern regions,low in the northeast and west",with a moderately high intensity overall.(3)The Guangzhou Metropolitan Area was zoned into five categories:priority restoration areas,key restoration areas,general restoration areas,secondary restoration areas,and routine restoration areas.The total area of the priority restoration zones is 1051.80 km^(2),and these zones are mainly distributed across districts and counties such as Duanzhou,Gaoyao,Gaoming,Dinghu,Fogang,Conghua,and Zengcheng.By establishing a technical framework of"ecological security pattern-ecological risk assessment-ecological restoration zoning",this study rationally prioritized restoration efforts,thereby providing actionable insights for advancing ecological civilization and guiding ecological conservation management in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671518)。
文摘Accurately assessing the value of ecosystem services and establishing an ecological security pattern to identify the future trends and characteristics of changes in the ecological security pattern and maintain regional ecological security is of great significance for promoting regional sustainability.Based on the calculation of the ecosystem service value in Hubei Province,the study identified the ecological source areas in combination with the types of landscape patterns.It selected the resistance factors that fit the characteristics of the study area in combination with previous studies to establish the ecological resistance surface.The McR model was used to extract the potential ecological corridors in the study area and identify the ecological nodes.Construct the ecological security pattern of Hubei Province from 1992 to 2022 and analyze its spatio-temporal dynamic change characteristics.The research results show that:(1)The value of ecosystem services in Hubei Province has generally shown a fluctuating upward trend from 1992 to 2022.Among the types of ecosystem services,the value of regulatory services accounts for the largest proportion.Among different land use types,the value of ecosystem services provided by forest land types is the highest.(2)A total of 10 ecological sources were extracted in the study.It is mainly distributed in Shennongjia Forestry District,Shiyan City and Enshi City,with a small portion found in the northeastern and southeastern parts of Hubei Province.(3)The 35 potential ecological corridors identified are mainly closed circular structures,presenting a distribution feature of"more in the east and less in the west".(4)Build an ecological security pattern with Jingmen City as the center,connecting Shiyan City,Shennongjia Forestry District,Xianyang City,Huanggang City and Suizhou City.The research put forward optimization suggestions in response to the specific problems existing in the ecological security pattern and the actual ecological conditions of Hubei Province.The research results can provide ideas and methods for the optimization of the ecological security pattern and the high-quality development of the ecosystem in Hubei Province,and at the same time offer reference value for the protection and optimization of ecosystems at other provincial levels.
基金funded by the Improvement Plan of Scientific Research Ability in Northwest Normal University(NWNU-LKQN2020-16)National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41771130)。
文摘The construction of an ecological security pattern(ESP)is an important way to ensure regional ecological security and to achieve sustainable regional development.It is also one of the hotspot topics of landscape ecology research.This paper identifies the ecological source through the evaluation of the ecosystem service and ecosystem sensitivity of the Lanzhou-Xining(Lan-Xi)urban agglomeration.The minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model modified by night light data NPP/VIIRS(National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Preparatory Project/Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite)was used to measure the relative resistance of the materials and energy circulation between the source areas,and to establish the resistance surface of the ecological source area expansion.Then ecological corridors were identified based on ecological sources and resistance surface.The ecological strategic node is the ecological fragile point in the ecological corridors.The ecological strategic node is identified with hydrological module by superimposing the"ridge line"of cumulative ecological resistance with the ecological corridor.Combined with ecological sources,corridors and strategic nodes,the ESP of the Lan-Xi urban agglomeration can be constructed.The ecological source of the Lan-Xi urban agglomeration accounts for 28.42%of the total area,most of which is distributed within Qinghai Province.The nature reserves in the area are all located within the ecological source area.A total of 41 potential ecological corridors have been identified in the study area.The total length of the potential corridors is 1201.03 km,comprising 23 source corridors and 18 radiation corridors.There are 30 strategic nodes identified in the Lan-Xi urban agglomeration.These locations are the most vulnerable areas of the ecological corridors.Ecological engineering should be applied in the construction of corridors.Affected by the ecological source,the potential ecological corridor extends from the northwest to the southeast,which is basically consistent with the direction trend of the mountains in the region.
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(4110156)National Science and Technology Support Program(2012BAJ08B01-1)
文摘Against the background of accelerated urbanization in China, the expansion of urban land uses, especially the construction of development zones have incorporated urban development land uses, and more ecological spaces have been invaded by construction activities. However, the maintenance of urban ecological security, scientificity, integrality and continuity of ecosystem, as well as scientificity of the defining methods and the effective supervision of the basic ecological control line have become bones of contention. This paper, from the perspective of "anti-planning", synthesized the theories and methods such as urban-rural planning, ecology and GIS, coupled ecological sensitivity assessment and ecological security pattern to define the basic ecological control lines of the planning area in Anqing City. The basic ecological control line area includes ecological baseline area and ecological development area. Management and control strategies of basic ecological control line were elaborated from the following aspects: implementation of the basic ecological control line, protection and utilization of ecological resources within the lines, solutions to existing construction land within the lines, adjustment mechanism and implementation guarantee mechanism of basic ecological control line.
基金supported by Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation General Project,grant number 2023JJ306932023 Central South University Education and Teaching Reform Research Project,grant number 2023jy045-3Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Healthy Building
文摘The construction of an ecological security pattern(ESP)is an effective approach to addressing ecological concerns in urban agglomerations.However,previous research has often overlooked the ecological characteristics at different spatial scales,making it difficult to effectively tackle environmental issues.This study focuses on the Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan urban agglomeration(CZXUA)to construct an ESP from 2 scales:the urban agglomeration and the metropolitan area.First,ecological sources at different scales were identified and optimized using morphological spatial pattern analysis,ecosystem service supply assessment,landscape connectivity evaluation,and ecological demand intensity analysis.Next,spatial principal component analysis was employed to analyze resistance factors across different spatial scales,enabling the construction of a multi-scale landscape resistance surface.Finally,multi-scale ecological corridors were extracted using circuit theory,and the ecological corridors passing through the central urban area were optimized.As a result,176 ecological sources,337 ecological corridors,60 ecological pinch points,and 30 ecological barrier points were identified,forming the overall ESP for the CZXUA.Furthermore,an ecological protection and optimization pattern,described as“One River,Seven Waters,One Heart,and Eight Wedges”,was proposed based on the ESP.This pattern highlights pivotal areas for ecological protection and restoration within the national land space.This study provides a comprehensive example of constructing a multi-scale ecological corridor network and identifying critical areas for ecological protection and restoration.The findings can serve as a reference for special ecological protection planning in urban agglomerations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 42371318)
文摘The escalating degradation of urban eco-environments has underscored the significance of ecological security in sustainable urban development.Green infrastructure bridges green spaces in cities and increases ecosystem connectivity,thereby optimizing urban ecological security patterns.This study uses Nanjing as a case study and adopts a research paradigm that involves identifying ecological sources,constructing resistance surfaces,and subsequently extracting corridors within the ecological security pattern.This method amalgamates the evaluation of green infrastructure supply and demand,leading to the identification of both ecological corridors and nodes.The findings reveal that while the supply of green infrastructure in Nanjing is low in the city center and high in the suburbs,demand is high in the central area and low in the periphery,indicating a spatial mismatch between supply and demand.Ecological corridors and nodes are categorized into the core,important,and general levels based on their centrality and areas of supply–demand optimization.The connectivity,supply capacity,and supply–demand relationship of green infrastructure in Nanjing have been enhanced to varying degrees through the ecological security pattern optimization.The results of this study can serve as a decision-making reference for optimizing green infrastructure network patterns and enhancing urban ecological security.
文摘The uniqueness and integrity of water ecology in the Yangtze River Basin is of great significance for maintaining global ecological balance.Understanding the historical evolution of water ecology pattern in the Yangtze River Basin over the past century is imperative for improving the comprehensive river basin management and promoting sustainable development.In this paper,the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the water ecology pattern in the Yangtze River Basin over the past century are quantitatively analyzed in aspects of lake wetlands,material flux and aquatic biological populations.Then,by a perspective of social-ecological system,the evolution process of the water ecology pattern in the Yangtze River Basin over the past century is divided into four sequential stages based on the change of interactions between social-ecological system components.The driving factors and their mechanism on evolution process of the water ecology pattern in the Yangtze River Basin at different stages are revealed respectively.Based on the integrity of the ecosystem and the system-aticity of the basin,it proposes strategies for the governance and protection of the Yangtze River Basin’s water ecology,in-cluding constructing a“natural-engineering”coupling governance system,strengthening species conservation and habitat restoration,developing green and ecological circular agriculture,and promoting the urban“water operator”mode.These strategies aim to promote harmonious coexistence between humans and nature and provide reference and guidance for high-quality development and high-level protection of major rivers around the world.
基金This work is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41807518,42171033)the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KLDD-2020-05).
文摘Bacterial and fungal communities play critical roles in reestablishing vegetation structure,function and biodiversity in ecosystem restoration in arid and semi-arid areas.However,the long-term successional changes in bacterial and fungal communities that occur with artificial vegetation development are not fully understood.In this study,we investigated the successional changes in bacterial and fungal communities in Caragana korshinskii Kom.plantation over a period of 50 a(6,12,18,40 and 50 a)and their relationships with key soil environmental factors in a typical agro-pastoral ecotone,northern China.The results showed that bacterial and fungal diversities(α-andβ-diversity)were significantly affected by plantation age;moreover,the change in fungal community was more evident than that in bacterial community.Soil samples from 12 a plantation had the highest(P<0.05)bacterial and fungalα-diversity(i.e.,abundance-based coverage estimator(ACE)and Chao1 index)at 0-10 cm depth compared with other samples.However,soil samples from plantation at the late recovery stage(40-50 a)had the highestα-diversity at 10-20 cm depth.Soil bacterial community was not significantly affected by plantation age at the genus level;but,soil fungal community was significantly affected at the genus level.Overall,Mortierella and Chaetomium were the dominant genera at natural recovery stage(0 a);Inocybe was the dominant genus at the early recovery stage(6-12 a);Inocybe and Mortierella were the dominant genera at the mid-recovery stage(12-40 a);And Mortierella,Cladosporium and Humicola were the dominant genera at the late recovery stage(40-50 a).Redundancy analysis(RDA)showed thatβ-glucosidase activity,total nitrogen and soil organic carbon were closely associated with bacterial community composition,while alkaline phosphatase,urease activity and total nitrogen were associated with fungal community composition,indicating that changes in enzyme activity and soil nutrients were the most important determinants of dominant genera.Furthermore,pathogenic microorganisms(Cladosporium and Humicola)were dominant in soils from 40-50 a plantation,which may affect plant growth,resulting in the decline of C.korshinskii plantation.Overall,the findings of this study improve the understanding of ecological patterns of bacterial and fungal communities in artificial vegetation and provide an important scientific basis for comprehensive ecological restoration management in arid and semi-arid areas.
基金Supported by the Greek National Scholarship Foundation
文摘The potential role of soil pH in modulating plant productivity was assessed on the basis of dry mass, harvested in the form of 0.25 m2 quadrats, in two low-productivity upland grasslands of northern Greece subjected to annual factorial nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） fertilization （15 g N m-2 year-1 and 10 g P m-2 year-I） over a minimum period of 3 years. It was hypothesized that under these particular conditions, a positive relationship would exist between soil pH and plant productivity and, further, that N or P fertilizer application of a nutrient limited system, would result in a weakening of this positive relationship. A significant positive relationship was confirmed between soil pH and plant productivity in one of the two study areas and a positive trend in the other. Moreover, plant productivity increase, following fertilization, appeared to have a detrimental effect on the soil pH-plant productivity relationship. Findings support the original hypotheses and strengthen the idea that plant diversity-mediated soil pH-plant productivity relationships are a result of the more intense plant speciation that occurred under the more ＂typical＂ soil conditions of higher pH in temperate as opposed to tropical regions
基金We would like to thank Duratex for funding the project of which this study is partWe are also thankful to the graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources Conservation and CAPES for the graduate scholarship provided.
文摘Veredas are regarded as humid complexes of ecological, water and scenery significance in Cerrado biome related to water table outcrop. Direct alterations in these environments can lead to species diversity reduction and also facilitate biological invasion processes. Thus our study aims to investigate the natural regeneration, the coverage of woody vegetation and the invasive species in two sites in secondary successional stage in the central part of Cerrado biome. Our study was carried out at two sites located at Minas Gerais state, Brazil. We established plots randomly throughout transects laid perpendicularly to the vereda’s drain line. We used the line intercept method to analyze the vegetation coverage. We set five 10-m width transects in each of both areas, perpendicular to the vereda’s drain line to evaluate the distribution of invasive alien species in the two areas. The richness did not vary between communities (U = 67.50;p = 0.061);on the other hand we found significant difference in density estimates (U = 36.50;p = 0.002). We found significant difference between categories for soil coverage in both sites. Grasses showed the highest coverage when compared to the other categories (K = 45.06;p < 0.001 for site 1 and K = 67.47;p < 0.001 for site 2). We observed a zonation tendency in site 1, with a higher native grass coverage at middle and backwards zones (K = 7.734, p < 0.05). We only found Pinus caribaea Morelet individuals in the invasive species survey. We recorded 46 Pinus caribaea individuals at site 1 and 116 Pinus caribaea individuals at site 2. From the latter group we found 13 individuals within the vereda and 103 in the surrounding vegetation. Both sites have a high natural woody plant regeneration potential although the presence of alien grasses in the veredas’ edge and Pinus caribaea all over the humidity gradient highlights the vulnerability of these areas to biological invasion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41871172).
文摘The ecological environment quality is an important constraint and an optimization objective for land resource allocation.Integrating ecological service value(ESV)accounting and ecological security pattern(ESP)delineation,and combining with the land use structure of 2004/2010/2016 in Ezhou City,this research laid out the urban ESP based on ESV with Net Primary Productivity(NPP),and made it as the main influence factor to simulate land use structure in 2022.The results indicated that:1)The water body has the biggest contribution to ESV,while the construction land has the minimum;2)91 ecological corridors are extracted,of which 28 were important ecological corridors;there were 36 ecological nodes extracted,including 17 important nodes;3)According to ESV,Ezhou City was divided into four security zones.The area of ecological restoration zone was the largest,and human activity core zone area was the smallest;4)In the no ESP protection scenarios and ESP protection scenarios separately,the net increase area of construction land is from 868.5 hm^(2) to 52.74 hm^(2) in the ecological core protection area;the construction land in the human activity core area has been increased by 2342.31 hm^(2) in protected scene,766.23 hm^(2) more than that of the unprotected scene.The results show that the division of security zones promoted the relocation of construction land from ecological protection core zone to human activity core zone,which can protect the ecological environment effectively,and the ESP-based simulation can provide the decision-making reference to coordinate the relationship of regional land resource allocation and the ecological environment protection.
