Phthalate esters(PAEs)are widely used as main plasticizers in plastic products,agricultural regulators,toys,and other fields.This paper reviewed the research progress on the distribution,sources,and ecological effects...Phthalate esters(PAEs)are widely used as main plasticizers in plastic products,agricultural regulators,toys,and other fields.This paper reviewed the research progress on the distribution,sources,and ecological effects of PAEs.The effects of PAEs on soil microorganisms,animals,plants and soil properties were explored in sequence,providing effective theoretical basis for future research on PAEs.展开更多
Plant biomass and biodiversity, element accumulation and return, water loss and soil erosion, and changesin soil properties were studied for up to 10 years after conversion of sparse tree-shrubby grass land into thefo...Plant biomass and biodiversity, element accumulation and return, water loss and soil erosion, and changesin soil properties were studied for up to 10 years after conversion of sparse tree-shrubby grass land into thefollowing four land use patterns: masson pine (Pznvs massonzana Lamb.) land, beautiful sweetgum (Ltq-uidambar fomosana Hance) land, vegetation reservation land, and artificial mowing land. The annualbiomass production of the masson pine land was 5060 kg ha￣-1 being 4.9, 2.1, and 6.0 times that of the beau-tiful sweetgum land, the vegetation reservation land, and the artificial mowing land, respectively. Comparedwith the background values, the number of plant species for the vegetation reservation land increased by 10species after 10 years of land utilization, while for the masson pine and the beautiful sweetgum decreased by4, and for the artificial mowing land by 9. For masson pine land, total amount of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg neededfor producing 1000 kg dry matter was only 3.5 kg, annual element return through litter was 22 kg ha￣-1, bothof which were much lower than those of the other patterns. Vegetation reservation was an effective measureto conserve soil and water and improve soil fertility in the red soil hilly region. Artificial mowing arousedserious degradation of vegetation and soil. Some measures and suggestions for management and exploitationof the red soil hilly region such as masson pine planting, closing hills for afforestation, and stereo-agricultureon one hill are proposed.展开更多
1 Introduction Global climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humankind in the 21st century.Studying,and utilising,the carbon sink caused by the weathering of silicate minerals has been a key research ...1 Introduction Global climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humankind in the 21st century.Studying,and utilising,the carbon sink caused by the weathering of silicate minerals has been a key research focus for展开更多
[ Objective ] To elucidate the change trend in stability and ecological effects of plant communities in desert along with global wanning. [ Method ] The data of site-specific observation on five main plant communities...[ Objective ] To elucidate the change trend in stability and ecological effects of plant communities in desert along with global wanning. [ Method ] The data of site-specific observation on five main plant communities at ten plots in Minqin desert area were used to analyze the stability and ecological effects of desert plant communities by using two indicators vegetation coverage and projective cover degree. [ Results ] The vegetation coverage of Artemisia arenaria and Ephedra przewalskii, and the projective cover degree of A. arenaria and man-made Haloxylon ammodendron forest decreased remarkably; and the vegetation coverage of Ni- traria tangutorum was also decreased to some extent. [ Conduslon] （1） The plant communities with poor vegetation coverage gives a relatively strong stability, while that with high vegetation coverage has a relatively poor stability; （2） the yearly precipitation is the determinant of vegetation coverage and projective cover deglee; （3） the ecological function is found to be most remarkable in per unit area N. tangutorum, followed by E. przewalskii and N. tangutorum ＋H. ammodendron, and least in per unit area A. Arenaria. The vegetation is sparse in desert and plant branches does not distribute regularly, thus the crown-based vegetation coverage can not reflect the actual surface coverage.展开更多
With the sustainable development of tourism in China, the phenomenon of ecological islanding in tourist attractions gradually becomes prominent, affecting the sustainable development of landscape and ecological enviro...With the sustainable development of tourism in China, the phenomenon of ecological islanding in tourist attractions gradually becomes prominent, affecting the sustainable development of landscape and ecological environment in scenic spots. Tourist attractions are influenced by spatial location, resource characteristics and ecology, environmental protection and other factors. The appeals of government, tourism enterprises, developers and community villagers in the aspect of landscape and ecology are different in the development process of tourism, leading to different degrees, frequencies and scopes of tourism ecological islanding with prominent conflicts. This is a typical problem in the development stage of tourist attractions in China. Taking six scenic spots in Puzhehei as examples, the values of tourism ecological islanding were measured scientifically, and a anti-planning regulatory mechanism against tourism ecological islanding was established in this paper to achieve the sustainable development of the tourist attractions and ecological environment.展开更多
The ecological effects of land transfer are mainly around the ecological effects of land itself. One is environmental and ecological effects of land, such as flood controlling, preventing soil erosion, preventing the ...The ecological effects of land transfer are mainly around the ecological effects of land itself. One is environmental and ecological effects of land, such as flood controlling, preventing soil erosion, preventing the collapse debris, water conservation and maintenance of biodiversity and conservation of wildlife. Second, it is crop residue use of land, including： treatment of organic waste, decomposing and eliminating contaminants, regulating microclimate and air purification, maintaining and revitalizing rural communities. Third, the geographical landscape effects of land, such as providing idyllic pastures and other entertainment services. In a conclusion, there is little exploration to the ecological effects of rural land. This paper attempts to analyze the environmental problems related to the land transferring in Tongren City.展开更多
Ecological effects of crude oil residues on weed rhizospheres are still vague. The quantitative and diversity changes and metabolic responses of soil-bacterial communities in common dandelion （Taraxacum officinale）,...Ecological effects of crude oil residues on weed rhizospheres are still vague. The quantitative and diversity changes and metabolic responses of soil-bacterial communities in common dandelion （Taraxacum officinale）, jerusalem artichoke （Silphiurn perfoliatum L.） and evening primrose （A colypha australis L.） rhizospheric soils were thus examined using the method of carbon source utilization. The results indicated that there were various toxic effects of crude oil residues on the growth and reproduction of soil bacteria, but the weed rhizospheres could mitigate the toxic effects. Total heterotrophic counting colony-forming units （CFUs） in the rhizospheric soils were significantly higher than those in the non-rhizospheric soils. The culturable soil-bacterial CFUs in the jerusalem artichoke （S. perfoliatum） rhizosphere polluted with 0.50 kg/pot of crude oil residues were almost twice as much as those with 0.25 kg/pot and without the addition of crude oil residues. The addition of crude oil residues increased the difference in substrate evenness, substrate richness, and substrate diversity between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of T. officinale and A. australis, but there was no significant （p〉0.05） difference in the Shannon＇s diversity index between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of S. perfoliatum. The rhizospheric response of weed species to crude oil residues suggested that S. perfoliatum may be a potential weed species for the effective plant-microorganism bioremediation of contaminated soils by crude oil residues.展开更多
Based on multi-type,multi-temporal remote sensing data,we have monitored recent changes in cultivated land use and vegetation,in sandy areas and salinized desertification in the Green Corridor zone of the main channel...Based on multi-type,multi-temporal remote sensing data,we have monitored recent changes in cultivated land use and vegetation,in sandy areas and salinized desertification in the Green Corridor zone of the main channel of the Tarim River Basin.The results of our investigation show that the ecological environment in the Green Corridor of the main channel of the Tarim River Basin has conspicuously improved from 2002 to 2004.These improvements show up largely in such aspects as an increase in the rate of vegetation cover,a reduction in desertification land areas and a weakening in the intensity of sandy and the salinized land.On the other hand,the cultivated area in the Tarim River Basin significantly increased from 2002 to 2004.The rate of growth in cultivated areas during this period was significantly higher than that from 1999 to 2002.The increase in the use of irrigation resulting from the substantial increase in cultivated areas has a long-term potential restraining effect on the restoration of ecological functions of the Tarim River.展开更多
Micropollutants(MPs)discharged from municipal wastewater treatment plants are of great environmental concern due to their toxicities to aquatic organisms.Given the knowledge gaps on how MPs affect receiving aquatic ec...Micropollutants(MPs)discharged from municipal wastewater treatment plants are of great environmental concern due to their toxicities to aquatic organisms.Given the knowledge gaps on how MPs affect receiving aquatic ecosystems,we initiated the EcoImprove project to unravel the causal relationship between MP discharge and variation in biocommunity(especially microbial community)composition and function in receiving aquatic ecosystems.After integrating laboratory studies,field investigations,and flume simulation experiments from 2014 to 2021,we investigated how different MPs affect the growth and metabolic function of microbial species,developed several microbial indicators to evaluate the effects of MP discharge on receiving rivers,and evaluated the ecological benefits of municipal wastewater treatment plant upgrade on receiving aquatic ecosystems.Here,we summarize the main outcomes of the EcoImprove project and propose future research plans to deepen our understanding of the ecological impacts of anthropogenic activity.展开更多
The first-stage of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region（TRSR）, China, has been in progress for eight years. However, because the ecological effects of this project rema...The first-stage of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region（TRSR）, China, has been in progress for eight years. However, because the ecological effects of this project remain unknown, decision making for future project implementation is hindered. Thus, in this study, we developed an index system to evaluate the effects of the ecological restoration project, by integrating field observations, remote sensing, and process-based models. Effects were assessed using trend analyses of ecosystem structures and services. Results showed positive trends in the TRSR since the beginning of the project, but not yet a return to the optima of the 1970 s. Specifically, while continued degradation in grassland has been initially contained, results are still far from the desired objective, ‘grassland coverage increasing by an average of 20%–40%＇. In contrast, wetlands and water bodies have generally been restored, while the water conservation and water supply capacity of watersheds have increased. Indeed, the volume of water conservation achieved in the project meets the objective of a 1.32 billion m^3 increase. The effects of ecological restoration inside project regions was more significant than outside, and, in addition to climate change projects, we concluded that the implementation of ecological conservation and restoration projects has substantially contributed to vegetation restoration. Nevertheless, the degradation of grasslands has not been fundamentally reversed, and to date the project has not prevented increasing soil erosion. In sum, the effects and challenges of this first-stage project highlight the necessity of continuous and long-term ecosystem conservation efforts in this region.展开更多
d and As both have harmful effects on the growth,development and seed germination of alfalfa, especially in such a condition as the coexistence of Cd and As in soil environment The research using the pot-culture imita...d and As both have harmful effects on the growth,development and seed germination of alfalfa, especially in such a condition as the coexistence of Cd and As in soil environment The research using the pot-culture imitative method first found that if soil was simultaneously polluted by Cd and As,function of alfalfa absorbing Cd from soil may be promoted because of the existence of As,in conversely,Cd may inhibit alfalfa plant from absorbing As It was also found that secon- dary ecological effects were most likely to be brought out due to the coexistence of Cd and As. For example,alfalfa is passive to excessively absorb Cu and Pb .The harmful effects undoubtedly intensi- fy the contamination of alfalfa, The results showed that the mechanism of the interaction among Cd,As,Pb and Cu in soil-alfalfa ecosystems is very complicated.展开更多
Farmers’livelihoods and their impacts on the ecosystem are important indicators of human-land relationships.Appropriate livelihood strategies for farmers can meet the needs of human well-being and promote the sustain...Farmers’livelihoods and their impacts on the ecosystem are important indicators of human-land relationships.Appropriate livelihood strategies for farmers can meet the needs of human well-being and promote the sustainable use of natural resources,thereby maintaining the health and stability of natural ecosystems.Scholars have carried out a great deal of research on the changes in farmers’livelihoods,as well as the driving mechanisms and ecological effects,but there are still many controversial issues about the ecological effects of farmers’livelihood transformation.On the basis of collecting and sorting out the relevant literature,this paper analyzes the previous research results on the transformation mechanism and ecological effects of farmers’livelihoods,and further explores the coupling relationship.Through the analysis and summary,we find that the choice of farmers’livelihoods is affected by natural factors,subjective willingness and social policies.The transformation of farmers’livelihood changes the ways of production,consumption and resource utilization,which in turn profoundly affects the evolutionary process of the natural ecosystems.This paper establishes a research framework for the livelihood transformation mechanism of farmers and its ecological effect,and finally summarizes two directions that need to be studied further in the future:(1)Exploring the interactions between the driving factors of farmers’livelihood transformation;and(2)Exploring a win-win sustainable mechanism for farmers’livelihood needs and natural resource utilization.展开更多
Urban morphology significantly affects the ecological effects of urban heat islands,ventilation,and atmospheric pollution.Here,we reveal the mechanisms linking the ecological effects of urban morphology to develop a p...Urban morphology significantly affects the ecological effects of urban heat islands,ventilation,and atmospheric pollution.Here,we reveal the mechanisms linking the ecological effects of urban morphology to develop a planning approach for the collaborative optimization of multiple ecological effects.Considering Shenyang,a cold city in northern China,as the study area,a multiple regression model of morphological parameters and ecological effects was established,and the impact of morphological parameters on ecological effects was explored.The results show that the aspect ratio of the streets,building density,and vegetation coverage are sensitive to multiple ecological effects.The inflection point of the ecological effect function curve occurs when the aspect ratio of the building and building density are 0.2 and 0.3,respectively.In addition,for optimal design applications in typical areas of the city,to obtain a Pareto-optimal urban morphology,Grasshopper is used to establish a parametric platform,wherein a genetic algorithm solves the multiple regression equation set.Ultimately,five ecological effect indicators are optimized and show 8.4%,5.0%,31.6%,33.1%,and 12.5%improvement.The study effectively constructs a collaborative optimization planning and design method for multiple ecological effects.展开更多
Although the development of energy and mineral resources strongly supports China’s rapid industrialization and urbanization,it has led to a series of ecological and environmental problems.Strengthening the spatial re...Although the development of energy and mineral resources strongly supports China’s rapid industrialization and urbanization,it has led to a series of ecological and environmental problems.Strengthening the spatial regulation considering the ecological and environmental protection on energy and mineral resource development areas is an important aspect of realizing China’s sustainable development.In this study,we mapped,categorized,and analyzed the ecological cumulative effects of the Chinese 134 prefectural mining units based on the pressure-state-response model,which is demonstrated as impact of mining activities on ecological environment,ecological environmental fragility,and ecological function.This investigation developed a stress zoning typology of the mining units based on scores of three dimensions of the ecological cumulative effects and classified 134 prefectural mining units into eight types of stress zones.A series of regulation and policy suggestions have been proposed to different types of zones from three aspects:space control,intensity control,and development mode control.The application of this evaluation and spatial zoning system will contribute to the refined spatial management of China’s mining areas.展开更多
This paper, by applying the theories of landscape ecology, illustrates the role and mechanism of windbreak system in the establishment and maintenance of oasis ecosystem on the basis of systematic analysis of characte...This paper, by applying the theories of landscape ecology, illustrates the role and mechanism of windbreak system in the establishment and maintenance of oasis ecosystem on the basis of systematic analysis of characteristics and ecological crises of China's desert, and especially of desert zone in western China. Furthermore, direct economic benefits are summarized.展开更多
To reverse the continuous deterioration of grassland ecology and to improve the well-being of herders, China has been formulating many national policies on payments for grassland ecological conservation. One of them, ...To reverse the continuous deterioration of grassland ecology and to improve the well-being of herders, China has been formulating many national policies on payments for grassland ecological conservation. One of them, the Grassland Eco-compensation Policy(GEP), is the biggest program for grassland protection in China since 1949. The GEP conserves natural grassland by paying herders cash subsidies. It also has worldwide significance because it can increase vegetative cover, improve the ecological balance, increase carbon sequestration and lessen the amount of dust reaching other countries through inhibiting soil erosion. Overall, we find that its ecological and socioeconomic effects are beneficial and further benefits may be observed in the future because while the socioeconomic effects usually appear quickly, ecological effects may take longer to manifest. 2015 is the last year for the first round of the GEP policy implementation and the extended policy for the GEP will be approved and continued by the central government. To make the policy more successful, we suggest coordinated planning, a comprehensive overview, higher compensation and collaborative study. Efficient implementation of the GEP could also provide valuable experience for other eco-compensation programs in China and numerous other regions of the world.展开更多
A protective forest,including shelterbelt,windbreak,and shelter forest as its synonyms,is characterized by the protective functions of various forest types distributed or planted on ecologically fragile areas or nearb...A protective forest,including shelterbelt,windbreak,and shelter forest as its synonyms,is characterized by the protective functions of various forest types distributed or planted on ecologically fragile areas or nearby the objects that need to be protected using the ecological effects of forests.Ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests is one of the disciplinary orientations in forest ecology and management.Most protective forest studies are dependent on forestry eco-engineering,such as the Great Plains Shelterbelt Project in the United States,the Great Plan for the Transformation of Nature in the Soviet Union,and the Three-North Afforestation Program in China.The development of sustainable management of protective forests has been given increasing attention by governments,scientists,and media due to their impacts on environment conservation and global change.We introduce forestry ecoengineering and provide a review of their main ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests.Ecological mechanisms for management systems currently applied are emphasized,i.e.,the theory of protection maturity and phase-directional management;the relationship between structure and protective functions and structural optimization measures;and,the decline mechanism and ecological restoration strategies.In addition,several unresolved problems in management practices of protective forests are discussed as well as the prospects for ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests in the future,which include:(1)theories and technologies for management practices of protective forests at the landscape or regional scale;(2)the decline mechanisms and corresponding ecological restoration approaches across multiple scales;and,(3)the comprehensive assessment of forestry eco-engineering at large-scales based on ecosystem principles.展开更多
A comprehensive understanding of urbanization impacts on landscape dynamics,eco-environmental consequences,and advancements in human habitation is paramount for effectively advancing urbanization-related sustainable d...A comprehensive understanding of urbanization impacts on landscape dynamics,eco-environmental consequences,and advancements in human habitation is paramount for effectively advancing urbanization-related sustainable development goals.This study predicted the urbanization process within the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Ulanqab(HBOU)region and its projected implications for ecology,human settlement,and energy consumption in 2020–2050 using multi-source data and models under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs).The results revealed that the HBOU region's urban area grew by 624.66 km~2 between 1990 and 2020.By 2050,it is expected to reach 1793.49±169.30 km~2,mainly expanding into cropland(58.95%)and natural ecological land(31.79%).Urban greening is projected to enhance,with the highest urban green space(UGS)predicted under SSP1(32.42%).Under this scenario,the per capita urban area(PCUA)and per capita urban green space area(PCUGA)are projected to reach 172.66 and 55.63 m~2/person in 2050,respectively.Furthermore,the ecological and energy utilization impacts are anticipated to decrease by 3.99%to 37.52%relative to alternative scenarios.Our projections suggest that limiting urbanization area in the HBOU region to 1500–1600 km~2 would significantly enhance the settlement environment and mitigate ecological and energy consumption effects.These results guide urban strategies balancing ecology,energy use,and habitation in arid regions.展开更多
Harmful algal blooms(HABs) can elicit several negative effects on aquatic environment(such as depleting the oxygen, blocking the sunlight, destroying the habitats of organisms) and life health(including poisoning/kill...Harmful algal blooms(HABs) can elicit several negative effects on aquatic environment(such as depleting the oxygen, blocking the sunlight, destroying the habitats of organisms) and life health(including poisoning/killing marine mammals, birds and human). Among the various control strategies for HABs(physical manipulation needs lots of manpower and expensive equipment, chemicals treatment has some toxic byproduct and high residual, microbial agents only has limited in laboratory research), the coagulation-flocculation of HAB species by modified clay(MC) has been proven to be an effective, lowcost and environmentally friendly method that has been widely applied in the field, particularly in eastern Asia. In order to examine the long-term effects of MC treatment, this study investigated the alternations in seawater of Skeletonema costatum, a high biomass dominant HAB species along the Chinese coast, by comparing the degradation of S. costatum detritus(A1) with the application of MC treatment(A2) and MC treatment in sediment condition(A3). The low dosage of 0.25 g/L MC could efficiently remove 4×108 cells/L of S. costatum cells within 3.5 h(approximately 97% removal). In addition, the results showed that both inorganic and organic nutrients were effectively reduced from seawater by MC particles. Compared to the total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) concentrations in A1 seawater, 44% of TN and 93% of TP in A2 seawater, as well as 72% of TN and 93% of TP in A3 seawater were removed during the onemonth incubation period. Simultaneously, 64% of DISi in A2 and 44% of DISi in A3 significantly decreased( P <0.001). This study demonstrated that MC treatment was able to significantly increase the downward flux of nutrients and delay the release velocity of inorganic nutrient from MC-algae matrix into the overlying seawater, particularly within sediment environment.展开更多
基金Supported by Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (202310580018).
文摘Phthalate esters(PAEs)are widely used as main plasticizers in plastic products,agricultural regulators,toys,and other fields.This paper reviewed the research progress on the distribution,sources,and ecological effects of PAEs.The effects of PAEs on soil microorganisms,animals,plants and soil properties were explored in sequence,providing effective theoretical basis for future research on PAEs.
文摘Plant biomass and biodiversity, element accumulation and return, water loss and soil erosion, and changesin soil properties were studied for up to 10 years after conversion of sparse tree-shrubby grass land into thefollowing four land use patterns: masson pine (Pznvs massonzana Lamb.) land, beautiful sweetgum (Ltq-uidambar fomosana Hance) land, vegetation reservation land, and artificial mowing land. The annualbiomass production of the masson pine land was 5060 kg ha￣-1 being 4.9, 2.1, and 6.0 times that of the beau-tiful sweetgum land, the vegetation reservation land, and the artificial mowing land, respectively. Comparedwith the background values, the number of plant species for the vegetation reservation land increased by 10species after 10 years of land utilization, while for the masson pine and the beautiful sweetgum decreased by4, and for the artificial mowing land by 9. For masson pine land, total amount of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg neededfor producing 1000 kg dry matter was only 3.5 kg, annual element return through litter was 22 kg ha￣-1, bothof which were much lower than those of the other patterns. Vegetation reservation was an effective measureto conserve soil and water and improve soil fertility in the red soil hilly region. Artificial mowing arousedserious degradation of vegetation and soil. Some measures and suggestions for management and exploitationof the red soil hilly region such as masson pine planting, closing hills for afforestation, and stereo-agricultureon one hill are proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41373078 41173091)the National Key Basic Research Programme of China (Grant No. 2013CB956702)
文摘1 Introduction Global climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humankind in the 21st century.Studying,and utilising,the carbon sink caused by the weathering of silicate minerals has been a key research focus for
基金Supported by Special Program for Key Basic Research of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2014CB460611)
文摘[ Objective ] To elucidate the change trend in stability and ecological effects of plant communities in desert along with global wanning. [ Method ] The data of site-specific observation on five main plant communities at ten plots in Minqin desert area were used to analyze the stability and ecological effects of desert plant communities by using two indicators vegetation coverage and projective cover degree. [ Results ] The vegetation coverage of Artemisia arenaria and Ephedra przewalskii, and the projective cover degree of A. arenaria and man-made Haloxylon ammodendron forest decreased remarkably; and the vegetation coverage of Ni- traria tangutorum was also decreased to some extent. [ Conduslon] （1） The plant communities with poor vegetation coverage gives a relatively strong stability, while that with high vegetation coverage has a relatively poor stability; （2） the yearly precipitation is the determinant of vegetation coverage and projective cover deglee; （3） the ecological function is found to be most remarkable in per unit area N. tangutorum, followed by E. przewalskii and N. tangutorum ＋H. ammodendron, and least in per unit area A. Arenaria. The vegetation is sparse in desert and plant branches does not distribute regularly, thus the crown-based vegetation coverage can not reflect the actual surface coverage.
文摘With the sustainable development of tourism in China, the phenomenon of ecological islanding in tourist attractions gradually becomes prominent, affecting the sustainable development of landscape and ecological environment in scenic spots. Tourist attractions are influenced by spatial location, resource characteristics and ecology, environmental protection and other factors. The appeals of government, tourism enterprises, developers and community villagers in the aspect of landscape and ecology are different in the development process of tourism, leading to different degrees, frequencies and scopes of tourism ecological islanding with prominent conflicts. This is a typical problem in the development stage of tourist attractions in China. Taking six scenic spots in Puzhehei as examples, the values of tourism ecological islanding were measured scientifically, and a anti-planning regulatory mechanism against tourism ecological islanding was established in this paper to achieve the sustainable development of the tourist attractions and ecological environment.
文摘The ecological effects of land transfer are mainly around the ecological effects of land itself. One is environmental and ecological effects of land, such as flood controlling, preventing soil erosion, preventing the collapse debris, water conservation and maintenance of biodiversity and conservation of wildlife. Second, it is crop residue use of land, including： treatment of organic waste, decomposing and eliminating contaminants, regulating microclimate and air purification, maintaining and revitalizing rural communities. Third, the geographical landscape effects of land, such as providing idyllic pastures and other entertainment services. In a conclusion, there is little exploration to the ecological effects of rural land. This paper attempts to analyze the environmental problems related to the land transferring in Tongren City.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China as an Outstanding Youth Fund grant (No. 20225722) the National NaturalScience Foundation for the Joint China-Russia Project (No. 20611120015)
文摘Ecological effects of crude oil residues on weed rhizospheres are still vague. The quantitative and diversity changes and metabolic responses of soil-bacterial communities in common dandelion （Taraxacum officinale）, jerusalem artichoke （Silphiurn perfoliatum L.） and evening primrose （A colypha australis L.） rhizospheric soils were thus examined using the method of carbon source utilization. The results indicated that there were various toxic effects of crude oil residues on the growth and reproduction of soil bacteria, but the weed rhizospheres could mitigate the toxic effects. Total heterotrophic counting colony-forming units （CFUs） in the rhizospheric soils were significantly higher than those in the non-rhizospheric soils. The culturable soil-bacterial CFUs in the jerusalem artichoke （S. perfoliatum） rhizosphere polluted with 0.50 kg/pot of crude oil residues were almost twice as much as those with 0.25 kg/pot and without the addition of crude oil residues. The addition of crude oil residues increased the difference in substrate evenness, substrate richness, and substrate diversity between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of T. officinale and A. australis, but there was no significant （p〉0.05） difference in the Shannon＇s diversity index between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of S. perfoliatum. The rhizospheric response of weed species to crude oil residues suggested that S. perfoliatum may be a potential weed species for the effective plant-microorganism bioremediation of contaminated soils by crude oil residues.
基金Financial support for this work was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41040011)the Fun-damental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.CHD2010JC103)
文摘Based on multi-type,multi-temporal remote sensing data,we have monitored recent changes in cultivated land use and vegetation,in sandy areas and salinized desertification in the Green Corridor zone of the main channel of the Tarim River Basin.The results of our investigation show that the ecological environment in the Green Corridor of the main channel of the Tarim River Basin has conspicuously improved from 2002 to 2004.These improvements show up largely in such aspects as an increase in the rate of vegetation cover,a reduction in desertification land areas and a weakening in the intensity of sandy and the salinized land.On the other hand,the cultivated area in the Tarim River Basin significantly increased from 2002 to 2004.The rate of growth in cultivated areas during this period was significantly higher than that from 1999 to 2002.The increase in the use of irrigation resulting from the substantial increase in cultivated areas has a long-term potential restraining effect on the restoration of ecological functions of the Tarim River.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52293442 and 52091542)the special fund from the State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control(22Z01ESPCR).
文摘Micropollutants(MPs)discharged from municipal wastewater treatment plants are of great environmental concern due to their toxicities to aquatic organisms.Given the knowledge gaps on how MPs affect receiving aquatic ecosystems,we initiated the EcoImprove project to unravel the causal relationship between MP discharge and variation in biocommunity(especially microbial community)composition and function in receiving aquatic ecosystems.After integrating laboratory studies,field investigations,and flume simulation experiments from 2014 to 2021,we investigated how different MPs affect the growth and metabolic function of microbial species,developed several microbial indicators to evaluate the effects of MP discharge on receiving rivers,and evaluated the ecological benefits of municipal wastewater treatment plant upgrade on receiving aquatic ecosystems.Here,we summarize the main outcomes of the EcoImprove project and propose future research plans to deepen our understanding of the ecological impacts of anthropogenic activity.
基金National Nature Sciences Foundation of China,No.41571504National Key Technology Research and Development Program,No.2013BAC03B00
文摘The first-stage of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region（TRSR）, China, has been in progress for eight years. However, because the ecological effects of this project remain unknown, decision making for future project implementation is hindered. Thus, in this study, we developed an index system to evaluate the effects of the ecological restoration project, by integrating field observations, remote sensing, and process-based models. Effects were assessed using trend analyses of ecosystem structures and services. Results showed positive trends in the TRSR since the beginning of the project, but not yet a return to the optima of the 1970 s. Specifically, while continued degradation in grassland has been initially contained, results are still far from the desired objective, ‘grassland coverage increasing by an average of 20%–40%＇. In contrast, wetlands and water bodies have generally been restored, while the water conservation and water supply capacity of watersheds have increased. Indeed, the volume of water conservation achieved in the project meets the objective of a 1.32 billion m^3 increase. The effects of ecological restoration inside project regions was more significant than outside, and, in addition to climate change projects, we concluded that the implementation of ecological conservation and restoration projects has substantially contributed to vegetation restoration. Nevertheless, the degradation of grasslands has not been fundamentally reversed, and to date the project has not prevented increasing soil erosion. In sum, the effects and challenges of this first-stage project highlight the necessity of continuous and long-term ecosystem conservation efforts in this region.
文摘d and As both have harmful effects on the growth,development and seed germination of alfalfa, especially in such a condition as the coexistence of Cd and As in soil environment The research using the pot-culture imitative method first found that if soil was simultaneously polluted by Cd and As,function of alfalfa absorbing Cd from soil may be promoted because of the existence of As,in conversely,Cd may inhibit alfalfa plant from absorbing As It was also found that secon- dary ecological effects were most likely to be brought out due to the coexistence of Cd and As. For example,alfalfa is passive to excessively absorb Cu and Pb .The harmful effects undoubtedly intensi- fy the contamination of alfalfa, The results showed that the mechanism of the interaction among Cd,As,Pb and Cu in soil-alfalfa ecosystems is very complicated.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41871196)。
文摘Farmers’livelihoods and their impacts on the ecosystem are important indicators of human-land relationships.Appropriate livelihood strategies for farmers can meet the needs of human well-being and promote the sustainable use of natural resources,thereby maintaining the health and stability of natural ecosystems.Scholars have carried out a great deal of research on the changes in farmers’livelihoods,as well as the driving mechanisms and ecological effects,but there are still many controversial issues about the ecological effects of farmers’livelihood transformation.On the basis of collecting and sorting out the relevant literature,this paper analyzes the previous research results on the transformation mechanism and ecological effects of farmers’livelihoods,and further explores the coupling relationship.Through the analysis and summary,we find that the choice of farmers’livelihoods is affected by natural factors,subjective willingness and social policies.The transformation of farmers’livelihood changes the ways of production,consumption and resource utilization,which in turn profoundly affects the evolutionary process of the natural ecosystems.This paper establishes a research framework for the livelihood transformation mechanism of farmers and its ecological effect,and finally summarizes two directions that need to be studied further in the future:(1)Exploring the interactions between the driving factors of farmers’livelihood transformation;and(2)Exploring a win-win sustainable mechanism for farmers’livelihood needs and natural resource utilization.
基金financially supported by the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51978421).
文摘Urban morphology significantly affects the ecological effects of urban heat islands,ventilation,and atmospheric pollution.Here,we reveal the mechanisms linking the ecological effects of urban morphology to develop a planning approach for the collaborative optimization of multiple ecological effects.Considering Shenyang,a cold city in northern China,as the study area,a multiple regression model of morphological parameters and ecological effects was established,and the impact of morphological parameters on ecological effects was explored.The results show that the aspect ratio of the streets,building density,and vegetation coverage are sensitive to multiple ecological effects.The inflection point of the ecological effect function curve occurs when the aspect ratio of the building and building density are 0.2 and 0.3,respectively.In addition,for optimal design applications in typical areas of the city,to obtain a Pareto-optimal urban morphology,Grasshopper is used to establish a parametric platform,wherein a genetic algorithm solves the multiple regression equation set.Ultimately,five ecological effect indicators are optimized and show 8.4%,5.0%,31.6%,33.1%,and 12.5%improvement.The study effectively constructs a collaborative optimization planning and design method for multiple ecological effects.
基金Under the auspices of the Strategic Priority Research Program(A)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA19040403)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42071158,72050001)。
文摘Although the development of energy and mineral resources strongly supports China’s rapid industrialization and urbanization,it has led to a series of ecological and environmental problems.Strengthening the spatial regulation considering the ecological and environmental protection on energy and mineral resource development areas is an important aspect of realizing China’s sustainable development.In this study,we mapped,categorized,and analyzed the ecological cumulative effects of the Chinese 134 prefectural mining units based on the pressure-state-response model,which is demonstrated as impact of mining activities on ecological environment,ecological environmental fragility,and ecological function.This investigation developed a stress zoning typology of the mining units based on scores of three dimensions of the ecological cumulative effects and classified 134 prefectural mining units into eight types of stress zones.A series of regulation and policy suggestions have been proposed to different types of zones from three aspects:space control,intensity control,and development mode control.The application of this evaluation and spatial zoning system will contribute to the refined spatial management of China’s mining areas.
文摘This paper, by applying the theories of landscape ecology, illustrates the role and mechanism of windbreak system in the establishment and maintenance of oasis ecosystem on the basis of systematic analysis of characteristics and ecological crises of China's desert, and especially of desert zone in western China. Furthermore, direct economic benefits are summarized.
基金supported by the MOE (Ministry of Education in China) Project of Humanities and Social Sciences (Grant No. 15XJC790004)Social Science Fund of Shaanxi Province (Grant No. 13SC023)2013 Ph.D Scientific Research Starting Fund of Shaanxi Province (Grant No. Z111021504)
文摘To reverse the continuous deterioration of grassland ecology and to improve the well-being of herders, China has been formulating many national policies on payments for grassland ecological conservation. One of them, the Grassland Eco-compensation Policy(GEP), is the biggest program for grassland protection in China since 1949. The GEP conserves natural grassland by paying herders cash subsidies. It also has worldwide significance because it can increase vegetative cover, improve the ecological balance, increase carbon sequestration and lessen the amount of dust reaching other countries through inhibiting soil erosion. Overall, we find that its ecological and socioeconomic effects are beneficial and further benefits may be observed in the future because while the socioeconomic effects usually appear quickly, ecological effects may take longer to manifest. 2015 is the last year for the first round of the GEP policy implementation and the extended policy for the GEP will be approved and continued by the central government. To make the policy more successful, we suggest coordinated planning, a comprehensive overview, higher compensation and collaborative study. Efficient implementation of the GEP could also provide valuable experience for other eco-compensation programs in China and numerous other regions of the world.
基金supported by grants from the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(QYZDJSSW-DQC027)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770757,31770758)+1 种基金the Consultation Project supported by Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2019-ZW09-A-032)“Research on Development of Key Subjects in 2020−2021”from Ecological Society of China.
文摘A protective forest,including shelterbelt,windbreak,and shelter forest as its synonyms,is characterized by the protective functions of various forest types distributed or planted on ecologically fragile areas or nearby the objects that need to be protected using the ecological effects of forests.Ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests is one of the disciplinary orientations in forest ecology and management.Most protective forest studies are dependent on forestry eco-engineering,such as the Great Plains Shelterbelt Project in the United States,the Great Plan for the Transformation of Nature in the Soviet Union,and the Three-North Afforestation Program in China.The development of sustainable management of protective forests has been given increasing attention by governments,scientists,and media due to their impacts on environment conservation and global change.We introduce forestry ecoengineering and provide a review of their main ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests.Ecological mechanisms for management systems currently applied are emphasized,i.e.,the theory of protection maturity and phase-directional management;the relationship between structure and protective functions and structural optimization measures;and,the decline mechanism and ecological restoration strategies.In addition,several unresolved problems in management practices of protective forests are discussed as well as the prospects for ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests in the future,which include:(1)theories and technologies for management practices of protective forests at the landscape or regional scale;(2)the decline mechanisms and corresponding ecological restoration approaches across multiple scales;and,(3)the comprehensive assessment of forestry eco-engineering at large-scales based on ecosystem principles.
基金Natural Resources Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,No.CHZX-2023-45The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA23100201+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42261144746Graduate Students’Research&Innovation Fund of Inner Mongolia Normal University,No.CXJJB22012Fundamental Research Funds for the Inner Mongolia Normal University,No.2022JBXC017。
文摘A comprehensive understanding of urbanization impacts on landscape dynamics,eco-environmental consequences,and advancements in human habitation is paramount for effectively advancing urbanization-related sustainable development goals.This study predicted the urbanization process within the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Ulanqab(HBOU)region and its projected implications for ecology,human settlement,and energy consumption in 2020–2050 using multi-source data and models under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs).The results revealed that the HBOU region's urban area grew by 624.66 km~2 between 1990 and 2020.By 2050,it is expected to reach 1793.49±169.30 km~2,mainly expanding into cropland(58.95%)and natural ecological land(31.79%).Urban greening is projected to enhance,with the highest urban green space(UGS)predicted under SSP1(32.42%).Under this scenario,the per capita urban area(PCUA)and per capita urban green space area(PCUGA)are projected to reach 172.66 and 55.63 m~2/person in 2050,respectively.Furthermore,the ecological and energy utilization impacts are anticipated to decrease by 3.99%to 37.52%relative to alternative scenarios.Our projections suggest that limiting urbanization area in the HBOU region to 1500–1600 km~2 would significantly enhance the settlement environment and mitigate ecological and energy consumption effects.These results guide urban strategies balancing ecology,energy use,and habitation in arid regions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41276115)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2010CB428706)the Fund for Creative Research Groups by NSFC(No.41121064)
文摘Harmful algal blooms(HABs) can elicit several negative effects on aquatic environment(such as depleting the oxygen, blocking the sunlight, destroying the habitats of organisms) and life health(including poisoning/killing marine mammals, birds and human). Among the various control strategies for HABs(physical manipulation needs lots of manpower and expensive equipment, chemicals treatment has some toxic byproduct and high residual, microbial agents only has limited in laboratory research), the coagulation-flocculation of HAB species by modified clay(MC) has been proven to be an effective, lowcost and environmentally friendly method that has been widely applied in the field, particularly in eastern Asia. In order to examine the long-term effects of MC treatment, this study investigated the alternations in seawater of Skeletonema costatum, a high biomass dominant HAB species along the Chinese coast, by comparing the degradation of S. costatum detritus(A1) with the application of MC treatment(A2) and MC treatment in sediment condition(A3). The low dosage of 0.25 g/L MC could efficiently remove 4×108 cells/L of S. costatum cells within 3.5 h(approximately 97% removal). In addition, the results showed that both inorganic and organic nutrients were effectively reduced from seawater by MC particles. Compared to the total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) concentrations in A1 seawater, 44% of TN and 93% of TP in A2 seawater, as well as 72% of TN and 93% of TP in A3 seawater were removed during the onemonth incubation period. Simultaneously, 64% of DISi in A2 and 44% of DISi in A3 significantly decreased( P <0.001). This study demonstrated that MC treatment was able to significantly increase the downward flux of nutrients and delay the release velocity of inorganic nutrient from MC-algae matrix into the overlying seawater, particularly within sediment environment.
