The area around the oasis, lying between the oasis and the natural desert and encirclesthe oasis is different from ecotone of the oasis and the desert, because it is not the trans-forming area betwen them, but it is e...The area around the oasis, lying between the oasis and the natural desert and encirclesthe oasis is different from ecotone of the oasis and the desert, because it is not the trans-forming area betwen them, but it is ecological rift valley or ecological burst zone. The oasisbase will be shaked and the nature desert will be degenerative too. It is the crux of the envi-展开更多
Mongolian Plateau is located in the center of Asia, remote from oceans and sur-rounded by mountains of various heights. It is a closed inland plateau and a special land-scape ecological region in the Euro-Asia Contine...Mongolian Plateau is located in the center of Asia, remote from oceans and sur-rounded by mountains of various heights. It is a closed inland plateau and a special land-scape ecological region in the Euro-Asia Continent. Mongolian Plateau includes the landof the Republic of Mongolian and Inner Mongoilia of China. It covers a area of 34°36′longitude (E87°40′-E122°15′) and 15°22′latitude (N37°46′-N53°08′). Thispaper briefly describes the landscape feature and ecological division of this region.展开更多
From the presentation, connotation, characteristics, principles, pattern, and technologies of ecological agriculture with high efficiency, we conduct comprehensive and systematic analysis and discussion of the theoret...From the presentation, connotation, characteristics, principles, pattern, and technologies of ecological agriculture with high efficiency, we conduct comprehensive and systematic analysis and discussion of the theoretical and practical progress of ecological agriculture with high efficiency. (i) Ecological agriculture with high efficiency was first advanced in China in 1991. (ii) Ecological agriculture with high efficiency highlights "high efficiency", "ecology", and "combination". (iii) Ecological agriculture with high efficiency is characterized by diverse organisms, good environment, good structure, powerful function, good quality, high benefit, low emission, sustainability. (iv) The yield increase and efficiency increase principle of ecological agriculture with high efficiency lies in full land use, three-dimensional light use, sufficient use of season, multi-layer water consumption, efficient fertilizer consumption, symbiosis and mutual supplement, ecological disaster reduction, recycling. (v) The typical pattern of ecological agriculture with high efficiency includes three-dimensional use pattern, biological symbiosis pattern, multi-industry combination pattern, industrial extension pattern, technology-driven pattern, environmental renovation pattern, resource recycling pattern, leisure and sight-seeing pattern. (vi) The key technologies of ecological agriculture with high efficiency include resource-saving technology, water and fertilizer regulation technology, biological technology for increasing soil fertility, disaster prevention and mitigation technology, comprehensive utilization technology, water conservation technology, structural adjustment technology, energy development technology, watershed control technology, and modern high-tech technology.展开更多
This research work took into account two extracting areas that were used in the construction of the road between Pirayu and Yaguarun in Paraguay and describes the situation in the area taking into account the current ...This research work took into account two extracting areas that were used in the construction of the road between Pirayu and Yaguarun in Paraguay and describes the situation in the area taking into account the current related legislation. Signs of degradation have been observed, such as erosion in progress, compacted soil, scarce vegetative repopulation and lack of organic matter necessary to regenerate the flora, among others. Includes an analysis of the techniques applied in similar cases of degradation in other countries and those techniques that show more compatibility with the conditions of the areas under study have been selected; alternative rehabilitation techniques in road bank areas and surrounding surfaces are also recommended. The goal is that the selected areas will blend in with the landscape and will resume similar conditions to the surrounding landscape in a medium tenn. The most compatible techniques that were found were the reshaping of road banks in the degraded areas and the insertion of herbal species for the proposal for the implementation of bioengineering and soil improvements including the introduction of hardwood species after the insertion of herbal species.展开更多
The Green Corridor in the lower reaches of the Tarim River is not only a unique natural landscape in desert but also an important passageway. Nowadays, the ecologic environment of the corridor is getting worse and wor...The Green Corridor in the lower reaches of the Tarim River is not only a unique natural landscape in desert but also an important passageway. Nowadays, the ecologic environment of the corridor is getting worse and worse due to man’s economic activities and the lack of knowledge of the importance of the environment, which is one of is the three environment problems in Xinjiang. The corridor is in great need of planning and managing.展开更多
We present and discuss the partial oscillation with respect to equilibrium state ofm-dimensional Logistic delay ecologic models, and obtain some simple criteria.
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease mostly found in areas along the Changjiang River of China. The disease is spread solely through an intermediary named oncomelania, so its spread of schistosomiasis can be control...Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease mostly found in areas along the Changjiang River of China. The disease is spread solely through an intermediary named oncomelania, so its spread of schistosomiasis can be controlled by properly designing water intakes which prevent oncomelania from entering farming land or residential areas. This paper reports a successful design process and a new oncomelania free intake device. The design of the new intake is based on a sound research program in which extensive experimental studies were carried out to gain knowledge of oncomelania eco hydraulic behavior and detailed flow field information through CFD simulation.展开更多
The fragile eco-environment is a special type of ecosystem,its response to the change of environmental condi -tions is very susceptive.So it is rather prone to be disturbed under unfav orable conditions.Human activity...The fragile eco-environment is a special type of ecosystem,its response to the change of environmental condi -tions is very susceptive.So it is rather prone to be disturbed under unfav orable conditions.Human activity h as greatly changed the geo-chemical process in the ecosystem,thus caused a series o f positive and negative effects.In t he ecosys-tem,especially in the fragile eco-e nvironment,different systems and r egimes are interconnected and interdetermined.For the suntainable development of ecosystem and the protection and rational utilization of resources,it is of great impor-tance to study these internal relati onships and seek rational regulatio n and control measure.This paper tak es the fragile eco-environment in the west of the Songnen Plain as an example.Based on th e study of the topograph,physiognom y,soil,vegetation and their geographic distribution in the landscape,th e paper explains the structure of the ecologic land-scape and quantifies the ecologic ge o-chemical processes under differe nt landscape conditions.In additio n,the paper al-so tries making coupling analyses of the ecologic succession and the landscape geochemical environment.And in the pa-per,some research results are given.展开更多
Agricultural production activities are organic combinations between the courses of nat-ural reproduction and economic one. Natural reproduction course is the material base forthe agro-ecological and economic system un...Agricultural production activities are organic combinations between the courses of nat-ural reproduction and economic one. Natural reproduction course is the material base forthe agro-ecological and economic system uniformly operating. So the development ofagro-production has closely concerned with the ecological circumstances. The serious wat-展开更多
The paper describes the water resources in the irrigated area of Ningxia, China, andthe methods for improving the utilization of the water resources, and puts forward somesuggestions so as to utilize the water resourc...The paper describes the water resources in the irrigated area of Ningxia, China, andthe methods for improving the utilization of the water resources, and puts forward somesuggestions so as to utilize the water resources rationally. The history of irrigation farming in Ningxia can be traced back to more than two thou-展开更多
Situated in the arid area in the inland of the Central Asia,the reaches of the Tarim River possesses unique natural conditions. Being one of the most concentrated Populus euphratica distributing areas,it is a comparat...Situated in the arid area in the inland of the Central Asia,the reaches of the Tarim River possesses unique natural conditions. Being one of the most concentrated Populus euphratica distributing areas,it is a comparatively big ecosystem.Due to the human effect during the recent 30 years,especially the lack of overall planning of exploitation and utilization of water resources and poor awareness of ecologic protection, resources of the whole reaches and its ecologic environment is deteriorating, which rouses the attention from home and abroad.The programme being carried out is based on protecting the ecologic environment of the reaches of the Tarim River. The task is to protect ecologic environment,improve and restore the existing natural vegetation in order to prevent land desertification.展开更多
The Lanni River, rising at Laojunpo, Huining County, Gansu Province, entersNingxia at Libaocun, Sanhexiang, Xiji County. It flows through 10 villages and joints theHulu River at Gongyixiang, Xiji County and finally fl...The Lanni River, rising at Laojunpo, Huining County, Gansu Province, entersNingxia at Libaocun, Sanhexiang, Xiji County. It flows through 10 villages and joints theHulu River at Gongyixiang, Xiji County and finally flows through the Wei River into theYellow River. The section of the river within Xiji County is 44.8 km long with a展开更多
As a widespread natural phenomenon, disturbances are considered a discrete event occurring in a natural ecosystem within various spatial and temporal scales. The present paper discusses the types of disturbances and t...As a widespread natural phenomenon, disturbances are considered a discrete event occurring in a natural ecosystem within various spatial and temporal scales. The present paper discusses the types of disturbances and their influence on the ecologic system in nature reserves. It is shown that nature reserves are facing a great challenge dealing with these disturbances. A rational control for disturbances should be improved in order to promote the healthy development of nature reserves this could be done by enhancing the publicity and training of environment protection, coupling management with communities around and other nature reserves, effective management methods, rational planning, and supporting nature servers.展开更多
1. Features of the ecologic environment1.1 Closeness and aridity of the interier continent Xinjing is located in the hinterland of Eurasia where ocean humid air current is diffi-cult to reach. As a result, the climate...1. Features of the ecologic environment1.1 Closeness and aridity of the interier continent Xinjing is located in the hinterland of Eurasia where ocean humid air current is diffi-cult to reach. As a result, the climate is very arid with 150mm of mean annual precipitation.展开更多
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease. They propagate in the Yangtze River valley of Chi-na. The spread of the disease is solely through a middle-agent named oncomelania, so the spread ofschistosomiasis by oncomelani...Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease. They propagate in the Yangtze River valley of Chi-na. The spread of the disease is solely through a middle-agent named oncomelania, so the spread ofschistosomiasis by oncomelania can be controlled by properly designing water intakes which preventoncomelania from entering the farming land or residential areas. In this paper, a successful design pro-cess is reported and a new oncomelania-free intake device is demonstrated in the laboratory. The de-sign of the new intake is based on a sound research program in which an extensive experimental stud-ies have been carried out to gain knowledge of oncomelania eco-hydraulic behaviors and a detailed flowfield information is obtained through CFD simulation.展开更多
Aviation fleet globally grows in consequence of rise in ridership,number,and hour of flight.That makes the aviation sector one of the major contributors to the global warming threat.For this reason,environmental and e...Aviation fleet globally grows in consequence of rise in ridership,number,and hour of flight.That makes the aviation sector one of the major contributors to the global warming threat.For this reason,environmental and ecologic aspects should be considered at least as much as performance at design step of an aircraft engine,namely aero-engine.To evaluate thermodynamics,environmental and ecologic aspects of an aero-engine a holistic approach is lack of the existing literature.The current paper presents the ecologic thermo-environmental index,as a novel measure,for evaluation of an aero-engine performance from a joint perspective of thermodynamics,ecological and environmental aspects.For better understanding of the dependence of ecologic thermo-environmental index on design parameters of the aero-engine a parametric study is also included.The rise in pressure ratio has an increasing impact on the ecologic thermo-environmental index whereas increase in the turbine inlet temperature also leads an increasing impact on the ecologic thermo-environmental index.On the other hand,the ecologic thermo-environmental index is found to be inversely proportional to the exergy efficiency.At the end of the study,the exergy efficiency of the turbojet engine is calculated to be varying from 44.46%to 57.12%.Additionally,the value of the ecologic thermo-environmental index of the turbojet engine ranges between 0.02 and 0.15.The author considers the present study to be beneficial to those interested in aerospace,mechanical,and environmental engineering.展开更多
Based on studying a large number of related references on economics and ecologic economics, this paper makes a systematic analysis on the problems of ecologic capital, which includes its definition, content, research...Based on studying a large number of related references on economics and ecologic economics, this paper makes a systematic analysis on the problems of ecologic capital, which includes its definition, content, research and estimating method, relationship with modern economic growth theory and Green National Accounting.展开更多
20091785 Chen Muhong(Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Guangzhou 510301,China);Zhang Lanlan Distributions of Radiolarian Diversity and Abundance in Surface Sediments of the...20091785 Chen Muhong(Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Guangzhou 510301,China);Zhang Lanlan Distributions of Radiolarian Diversity and Abundance in Surface Sediments of the South China Sea and Their Environmental Implications(Earth Science,ISSN1000-2383,CN42-1233/P,33(4),2008,p.431-442,5 illus.,1 table,27 refs.)Key words:Radiolaria,South China SeaThe South China Sea(SCS)has relatively complete physiographical units and ecologic environments,where there are a lot of preservative radiolarian species and specimens in the sediments.The methods of quantitative statistics and clustering were used展开更多
Quantitative evaluation of soil erosion is necessary to analyze the destructive effects of soil erosion and to identify priority sub-watersheds in different climatic and environmental conditions.The variability of soi...Quantitative evaluation of soil erosion is necessary to analyze the destructive effects of soil erosion and to identify priority sub-watersheds in different climatic and environmental conditions.The variability of soil erosion thresholds introduced as Erosion elasticity(Ee)can be used to develop reliable management strategies in various temporal and spatial scales.Ee is a potential degree of soil erosion in an area rep-resenting the magnitude between maximum and minimum erosion rates.However,the comprehensive prioritization of sub-watersheds according to environmental changes and the concept of Ee is yet to be done.Therefore,the present study introduced the Ee-based approach based on the watershed's maximum and minimum soil erosion capability.The prioritization of the sub-watersheds of the Shazand Watershed of Iran has been exemplified,and the associated results were compared to those of con-ventional annual soil erosion zoning.Towards that,the mean annual soil erosion and corresponding changes of the study watershed were estimated according to the dynamic changes of vegetation cover and rainfall erosivity.Prioritizing 24-study sub-watersheds was then comparatively conducted using mean annual soil erosion and erosion elasticity approaches.The results of the RUSLE application showed that the soil erosion of the Shazand Watershed varied between 0 and 72 t ha^(-1) year^(-1) with a mean annual erosion of 14.35 t ha^(-1) year^(-1).The results further revealed that the worst and the best combi-nation of soil erosion factors cause+151%and-62%changes in mean annual soil erosion of the Shazand Watershed.Based on the amount of soil erosion method,sub-watersheds 11,14,and 23 were placed in the highest priorities,and sub-watersheds 5,6,16,and 17 are the lowest priority for management measures.In addition,the results of the Ee approach showed that 28%of the study sub-watersheds were placed in high and relatively high priorities,respectively,and sub-watersheds 9,13,18,19,and 23 stand in the lowest priority.The Ee approach effectively identified the critical sub-watersheds to reduce their tendency to destructive conditions and take appropriate measures to reduce their soil erosion and move them towards ideal conditions.The results can help planners and managers implement the best man-agement measures in priority sub-watersheds,saving time and cost.展开更多
文摘The area around the oasis, lying between the oasis and the natural desert and encirclesthe oasis is different from ecotone of the oasis and the desert, because it is not the trans-forming area betwen them, but it is ecological rift valley or ecological burst zone. The oasisbase will be shaked and the nature desert will be degenerative too. It is the crux of the envi-
文摘Mongolian Plateau is located in the center of Asia, remote from oceans and sur-rounded by mountains of various heights. It is a closed inland plateau and a special land-scape ecological region in the Euro-Asia Continent. Mongolian Plateau includes the landof the Republic of Mongolian and Inner Mongoilia of China. It covers a area of 34°36′longitude (E87°40′-E122°15′) and 15°22′latitude (N37°46′-N53°08′). Thispaper briefly describes the landscape feature and ecological division of this region.
基金Supported by Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation(U1033004)
文摘From the presentation, connotation, characteristics, principles, pattern, and technologies of ecological agriculture with high efficiency, we conduct comprehensive and systematic analysis and discussion of the theoretical and practical progress of ecological agriculture with high efficiency. (i) Ecological agriculture with high efficiency was first advanced in China in 1991. (ii) Ecological agriculture with high efficiency highlights "high efficiency", "ecology", and "combination". (iii) Ecological agriculture with high efficiency is characterized by diverse organisms, good environment, good structure, powerful function, good quality, high benefit, low emission, sustainability. (iv) The yield increase and efficiency increase principle of ecological agriculture with high efficiency lies in full land use, three-dimensional light use, sufficient use of season, multi-layer water consumption, efficient fertilizer consumption, symbiosis and mutual supplement, ecological disaster reduction, recycling. (v) The typical pattern of ecological agriculture with high efficiency includes three-dimensional use pattern, biological symbiosis pattern, multi-industry combination pattern, industrial extension pattern, technology-driven pattern, environmental renovation pattern, resource recycling pattern, leisure and sight-seeing pattern. (vi) The key technologies of ecological agriculture with high efficiency include resource-saving technology, water and fertilizer regulation technology, biological technology for increasing soil fertility, disaster prevention and mitigation technology, comprehensive utilization technology, water conservation technology, structural adjustment technology, energy development technology, watershed control technology, and modern high-tech technology.
文摘This research work took into account two extracting areas that were used in the construction of the road between Pirayu and Yaguarun in Paraguay and describes the situation in the area taking into account the current related legislation. Signs of degradation have been observed, such as erosion in progress, compacted soil, scarce vegetative repopulation and lack of organic matter necessary to regenerate the flora, among others. Includes an analysis of the techniques applied in similar cases of degradation in other countries and those techniques that show more compatibility with the conditions of the areas under study have been selected; alternative rehabilitation techniques in road bank areas and surrounding surfaces are also recommended. The goal is that the selected areas will blend in with the landscape and will resume similar conditions to the surrounding landscape in a medium tenn. The most compatible techniques that were found were the reshaping of road banks in the degraded areas and the insertion of herbal species for the proposal for the implementation of bioengineering and soil improvements including the introduction of hardwood species after the insertion of herbal species.
文摘The Green Corridor in the lower reaches of the Tarim River is not only a unique natural landscape in desert but also an important passageway. Nowadays, the ecologic environment of the corridor is getting worse and worse due to man’s economic activities and the lack of knowledge of the importance of the environment, which is one of is the three environment problems in Xinjiang. The corridor is in great need of planning and managing.
文摘We present and discuss the partial oscillation with respect to equilibrium state ofm-dimensional Logistic delay ecologic models, and obtain some simple criteria.
文摘Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease mostly found in areas along the Changjiang River of China. The disease is spread solely through an intermediary named oncomelania, so its spread of schistosomiasis can be controlled by properly designing water intakes which prevent oncomelania from entering farming land or residential areas. This paper reports a successful design process and a new oncomelania free intake device. The design of the new intake is based on a sound research program in which extensive experimental studies were carried out to gain knowledge of oncomelania eco hydraulic behavior and detailed flow field information through CFD simulation.
文摘The fragile eco-environment is a special type of ecosystem,its response to the change of environmental condi -tions is very susceptive.So it is rather prone to be disturbed under unfav orable conditions.Human activity h as greatly changed the geo-chemical process in the ecosystem,thus caused a series o f positive and negative effects.In t he ecosys-tem,especially in the fragile eco-e nvironment,different systems and r egimes are interconnected and interdetermined.For the suntainable development of ecosystem and the protection and rational utilization of resources,it is of great impor-tance to study these internal relati onships and seek rational regulatio n and control measure.This paper tak es the fragile eco-environment in the west of the Songnen Plain as an example.Based on th e study of the topograph,physiognom y,soil,vegetation and their geographic distribution in the landscape,th e paper explains the structure of the ecologic land-scape and quantifies the ecologic ge o-chemical processes under differe nt landscape conditions.In additio n,the paper al-so tries making coupling analyses of the ecologic succession and the landscape geochemical environment.And in the pa-per,some research results are given.
文摘Agricultural production activities are organic combinations between the courses of nat-ural reproduction and economic one. Natural reproduction course is the material base forthe agro-ecological and economic system uniformly operating. So the development ofagro-production has closely concerned with the ecological circumstances. The serious wat-
文摘The paper describes the water resources in the irrigated area of Ningxia, China, andthe methods for improving the utilization of the water resources, and puts forward somesuggestions so as to utilize the water resources rationally. The history of irrigation farming in Ningxia can be traced back to more than two thou-
文摘Situated in the arid area in the inland of the Central Asia,the reaches of the Tarim River possesses unique natural conditions. Being one of the most concentrated Populus euphratica distributing areas,it is a comparatively big ecosystem.Due to the human effect during the recent 30 years,especially the lack of overall planning of exploitation and utilization of water resources and poor awareness of ecologic protection, resources of the whole reaches and its ecologic environment is deteriorating, which rouses the attention from home and abroad.The programme being carried out is based on protecting the ecologic environment of the reaches of the Tarim River. The task is to protect ecologic environment,improve and restore the existing natural vegetation in order to prevent land desertification.
文摘The Lanni River, rising at Laojunpo, Huining County, Gansu Province, entersNingxia at Libaocun, Sanhexiang, Xiji County. It flows through 10 villages and joints theHulu River at Gongyixiang, Xiji County and finally flows through the Wei River into theYellow River. The section of the river within Xiji County is 44.8 km long with a
文摘As a widespread natural phenomenon, disturbances are considered a discrete event occurring in a natural ecosystem within various spatial and temporal scales. The present paper discusses the types of disturbances and their influence on the ecologic system in nature reserves. It is shown that nature reserves are facing a great challenge dealing with these disturbances. A rational control for disturbances should be improved in order to promote the healthy development of nature reserves this could be done by enhancing the publicity and training of environment protection, coupling management with communities around and other nature reserves, effective management methods, rational planning, and supporting nature servers.
文摘1. Features of the ecologic environment1.1 Closeness and aridity of the interier continent Xinjing is located in the hinterland of Eurasia where ocean humid air current is diffi-cult to reach. As a result, the climate is very arid with 150mm of mean annual precipitation.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50078018) .
文摘Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease. They propagate in the Yangtze River valley of Chi-na. The spread of the disease is solely through a middle-agent named oncomelania, so the spread ofschistosomiasis by oncomelania can be controlled by properly designing water intakes which preventoncomelania from entering the farming land or residential areas. In this paper, a successful design pro-cess is reported and a new oncomelania-free intake device is demonstrated in the laboratory. The de-sign of the new intake is based on a sound research program in which an extensive experimental stud-ies have been carried out to gain knowledge of oncomelania eco-hydraulic behaviors and a detailed flowfield information is obtained through CFD simulation.
文摘Aviation fleet globally grows in consequence of rise in ridership,number,and hour of flight.That makes the aviation sector one of the major contributors to the global warming threat.For this reason,environmental and ecologic aspects should be considered at least as much as performance at design step of an aircraft engine,namely aero-engine.To evaluate thermodynamics,environmental and ecologic aspects of an aero-engine a holistic approach is lack of the existing literature.The current paper presents the ecologic thermo-environmental index,as a novel measure,for evaluation of an aero-engine performance from a joint perspective of thermodynamics,ecological and environmental aspects.For better understanding of the dependence of ecologic thermo-environmental index on design parameters of the aero-engine a parametric study is also included.The rise in pressure ratio has an increasing impact on the ecologic thermo-environmental index whereas increase in the turbine inlet temperature also leads an increasing impact on the ecologic thermo-environmental index.On the other hand,the ecologic thermo-environmental index is found to be inversely proportional to the exergy efficiency.At the end of the study,the exergy efficiency of the turbojet engine is calculated to be varying from 44.46%to 57.12%.Additionally,the value of the ecologic thermo-environmental index of the turbojet engine ranges between 0.02 and 0.15.The author considers the present study to be beneficial to those interested in aerospace,mechanical,and environmental engineering.
文摘Based on studying a large number of related references on economics and ecologic economics, this paper makes a systematic analysis on the problems of ecologic capital, which includes its definition, content, research and estimating method, relationship with modern economic growth theory and Green National Accounting.
文摘20091785 Chen Muhong(Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Guangzhou 510301,China);Zhang Lanlan Distributions of Radiolarian Diversity and Abundance in Surface Sediments of the South China Sea and Their Environmental Implications(Earth Science,ISSN1000-2383,CN42-1233/P,33(4),2008,p.431-442,5 illus.,1 table,27 refs.)Key words:Radiolaria,South China SeaThe South China Sea(SCS)has relatively complete physiographical units and ecologic environments,where there are a lot of preservative radiolarian species and specimens in the sediments.The methods of quantitative statistics and clustering were used
文摘Quantitative evaluation of soil erosion is necessary to analyze the destructive effects of soil erosion and to identify priority sub-watersheds in different climatic and environmental conditions.The variability of soil erosion thresholds introduced as Erosion elasticity(Ee)can be used to develop reliable management strategies in various temporal and spatial scales.Ee is a potential degree of soil erosion in an area rep-resenting the magnitude between maximum and minimum erosion rates.However,the comprehensive prioritization of sub-watersheds according to environmental changes and the concept of Ee is yet to be done.Therefore,the present study introduced the Ee-based approach based on the watershed's maximum and minimum soil erosion capability.The prioritization of the sub-watersheds of the Shazand Watershed of Iran has been exemplified,and the associated results were compared to those of con-ventional annual soil erosion zoning.Towards that,the mean annual soil erosion and corresponding changes of the study watershed were estimated according to the dynamic changes of vegetation cover and rainfall erosivity.Prioritizing 24-study sub-watersheds was then comparatively conducted using mean annual soil erosion and erosion elasticity approaches.The results of the RUSLE application showed that the soil erosion of the Shazand Watershed varied between 0 and 72 t ha^(-1) year^(-1) with a mean annual erosion of 14.35 t ha^(-1) year^(-1).The results further revealed that the worst and the best combi-nation of soil erosion factors cause+151%and-62%changes in mean annual soil erosion of the Shazand Watershed.Based on the amount of soil erosion method,sub-watersheds 11,14,and 23 were placed in the highest priorities,and sub-watersheds 5,6,16,and 17 are the lowest priority for management measures.In addition,the results of the Ee approach showed that 28%of the study sub-watersheds were placed in high and relatively high priorities,respectively,and sub-watersheds 9,13,18,19,and 23 stand in the lowest priority.The Ee approach effectively identified the critical sub-watersheds to reduce their tendency to destructive conditions and take appropriate measures to reduce their soil erosion and move them towards ideal conditions.The results can help planners and managers implement the best man-agement measures in priority sub-watersheds,saving time and cost.
