农业面源污染已成为我国主要环境污染源,但目前缺乏一套针对农业生产的综合评价体系,作为对农业面源污染评估和监督的依据。根据生态效率理论,结合农业生产的特点,建立了综合考虑经济效益、资源物质消耗和环境影响的农业生态效率评价指...农业面源污染已成为我国主要环境污染源,但目前缺乏一套针对农业生产的综合评价体系,作为对农业面源污染评估和监督的依据。根据生态效率理论,结合农业生产的特点,建立了综合考虑经济效益、资源物质消耗和环境影响的农业生态效率评价指标体系。以不同氮处理下(0.05、0.15、0.25 g N kg-1)不同水稻品种(锡稻11和武粳4)的盆栽实验为例,以氨挥发、肥料使用量和经济产量等数据为基础,运用基于层次分析法的TOPSIS法对6个评价对象的农业生态效率进行了评价和排序,分析各对象在经济效益、资源物质消耗和环境影响方面的差异与特点,指出施氮量和作物品种都对生态效率具有明显的影响。该评价体系的建立,将为我国农业生产模式从片面追求产量向经济、资源、环境协调可持续发展起到一定的推动作用。展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the questions concerning stimulation of the innovation and the diffusion of energy saving or low-carbon.To do so,this paper explains using two cases of Japan-energy saving innov...The purpose of this paper is to clarify the questions concerning stimulation of the innovation and the diffusion of energy saving or low-carbon.To do so,this paper explains using two cases of Japan-energy saving innovation after the Oil Shock and the eco points system.For the case after the oil shock,we explain the energy saving trend after the Oil Shock and the factors statistically.Then we put forward the business model for the low-carbon economy.Furthermore,we analyze the case of the eco points system from 2009-2011 in Japan and explain the significance of the business model for diffusion of the low-carbon products.展开更多
文摘农业面源污染已成为我国主要环境污染源,但目前缺乏一套针对农业生产的综合评价体系,作为对农业面源污染评估和监督的依据。根据生态效率理论,结合农业生产的特点,建立了综合考虑经济效益、资源物质消耗和环境影响的农业生态效率评价指标体系。以不同氮处理下(0.05、0.15、0.25 g N kg-1)不同水稻品种(锡稻11和武粳4)的盆栽实验为例,以氨挥发、肥料使用量和经济产量等数据为基础,运用基于层次分析法的TOPSIS法对6个评价对象的农业生态效率进行了评价和排序,分析各对象在经济效益、资源物质消耗和环境影响方面的差异与特点,指出施氮量和作物品种都对生态效率具有明显的影响。该评价体系的建立,将为我国农业生产模式从片面追求产量向经济、资源、环境协调可持续发展起到一定的推动作用。
基金supported by Grant-in-Aid for Asian CORE Program"Manufacturing and Environmental Management in East Asia"of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)
文摘The purpose of this paper is to clarify the questions concerning stimulation of the innovation and the diffusion of energy saving or low-carbon.To do so,this paper explains using two cases of Japan-energy saving innovation after the Oil Shock and the eco points system.For the case after the oil shock,we explain the energy saving trend after the Oil Shock and the factors statistically.Then we put forward the business model for the low-carbon economy.Furthermore,we analyze the case of the eco points system from 2009-2011 in Japan and explain the significance of the business model for diffusion of the low-carbon products.
