In the context of the revolution in new technologies,a key question is whether the rapid growth of the digital economy,driven by digital technologies,has improved regional innovation performance.Using inter-provincial...In the context of the revolution in new technologies,a key question is whether the rapid growth of the digital economy,driven by digital technologies,has improved regional innovation performance.Using inter-provincial panel data from China(2012–2022)and adopting a business environment perspective,this study applies a Panel Extended Regression Model(PERM),a Panel Simultaneous Equation Model(PSEM),and a Tobit-IV model to analyze how the development of the digital economy influences regional innovation.The results reveal a pronounced U-shaped relationship between the digital economy and the regional innovation performance at the provincial level in China,with the business environment serving as a significant mediator in this relationship.Moreover,regional innovation performance in China exhibits a“ratchet effect,”with the impact of the digital economy varying markedly across regions.While the eastern and western regions have entered an upward phase,whereby the digital economy boosts innovation,the central region displays a weaker effect.Further analysis indicates that the synergy between the business environment and the digital economy in driving innovation remains suboptimal.These findings were supported by robust checks.This study offers theoretical insights and empirical evidence that support the coordinated development of digital government and the digital factor market,as well as business environment reforms that are in alignment with the innovation demands of the digital era.展开更多
Integrated environmental management is important for sustainable development.Under China’s“Three Lines One Permit”(TLOP)policy,three types of management zones—priority protection,critical control,and general contr...Integrated environmental management is important for sustainable development.Under China’s“Three Lines One Permit”(TLOP)policy,three types of management zones—priority protection,critical control,and general control zones—are established based on the ecological red line,the lower-limit line for environmental quality,and the resource use line.Human activities are regulated through a permit system.Integrated and multifactorial protection of soil,plant,hydrological,and atmospheric elements is promoted at the regional level.A follow-up assessment contributes to the improvement of policy implementation and effectiveness.This study demonstrates the achievements of the TLOP policy in Sichuan Province.Results show that(1)276 protection zones have been established under the ecological red line,covering key ecosystems and protected areas to ensure environmental security.Under the lower-limit line,1,626 functional(priority,key,and general control)zones have been designated to regulate air,water,and soil quality,enhancing environmental capacity and pollution control.(2)Through the integration and merging of the three lines,1,128 integrated management zones have been established,including 375,625,and 128 priority protection,critical control,and general control zones,respectively.Each zone has its own list of environmental permits to regulate human activities according to different environmental protection and natural resource development regimes.(3)The design of the follow-up assessment index system was informed by regional primary functions and industrial structure.The index system for provinces and cities is structured around three primary indicators—implementation updating,application,and guarantees—and 15 secondary indicators.The system for critical control zones is structured around environmental access,management,and effectiveness and 14 secondary indicators.A stringent environmental zoning system has been established through the TLOP policy,thereby safeguarding environmental security,promoting harmonious existence between humans and nature,and supporting the vision of Beautiful China.展开更多
Starting from the foundational static traits underlying the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, this research conducts a systematic examination of the phenomena and theoretical principles associated with env...Starting from the foundational static traits underlying the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, this research conducts a systematic examination of the phenomena and theoretical principles associated with environment-driven adaptive changes during its cultivation. It was found that environmental variables-including temperature, light, and moisture-elicit directional shifts in static traits ( e.g. , chemical composition, morphological architecture, and leaf tissue structure) toward enhanced environmental adaptation, characterized by graduality, juvenility, similarity, and correlativity. Upon alterations in ambient conditions, flue-cured tobacco modulates its static traits through integrated physical, chemical, and biological-genetic mechanisms, aiming to optimize resource utilization, mitigate environmental constraints, and preserve internal homeostasis alongside metabolic balance. The investigation further reveals that the adaptive scope of flue-cured tobacco to field environments is malleable and can be extended and elevated via adaptive conditioning commencing at the juvenile stage. In addition, the adaptive alignment between static traits and environmental parameters exerts a substantial impact on the plant s growth dynamics, yield performance, and quality attributes. Beyond its relevance to flue-cured tobacco, the proposed theory offers a meaningful framework for elucidating the pervasive adaptive strategies employed by plants and broader biological systems in response to environmental contingencies.展开更多
In fire rescue scenarios,traditional manual operations are highly dangerous,as dense smoke,low visibility,extreme heat,and toxic gases not only hinder rescue efficiency but also endanger firefighters’safety.Although ...In fire rescue scenarios,traditional manual operations are highly dangerous,as dense smoke,low visibility,extreme heat,and toxic gases not only hinder rescue efficiency but also endanger firefighters’safety.Although intelligent rescue robots can enter hazardous environments in place of humans,smoke poses major challenges for human detection algorithms.These challenges include the attenuation of visible and infrared signals,complex thermal fields,and interference frombackground objects,all ofwhichmake it difficult to accurately identify trapped individuals.To address this problem,we propose VIF-YOLO,a visible–infrared fusion model for real-time human detection in dense smoke environments.The framework introduces a lightweight multimodal fusion(LMF)module based on learnable low-rank representation blocks to end-to-end integrate visible and infrared images,preserving fine details while enhancing salient features.In addition,an efficient multiscale attention(EMA)mechanism is incorporated into the YOLOv10n backbone to improve feature representation under low-light conditions.Extensive experiments on our newly constructedmultimodal smoke human detection(MSHD)dataset demonstrate thatVIF-YOLOachievesmAP50 of 99.5%,precision of 99.2%,and recall of 99.3%,outperforming YOLOv10n by a clear margin.Furthermore,when deployed on the NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX,VIF-YOLO attains 40.6 FPS with an average inference latency of 24.6 ms,validating its real-time capability on edge-computing platforms.These results confirm that VIF-YOLO provides accurate,robust,and fast detection across complex backgrounds and diverse smoke conditions,ensuring reliable and rapid localization of individuals in need of rescue.展开更多
Studying the coupling coordination development of new energy vehicles(NEVs)and the ecological environment in China is helpful in promoting the development of NEVs in the country and is of great significance in promoti...Studying the coupling coordination development of new energy vehicles(NEVs)and the ecological environment in China is helpful in promoting the development of NEVs in the country and is of great significance in promoting high-quality development of new energy in China.This paper constructs an evaluation index system for the development of NEVs and the ecological environment.It uses game theory combining weighting model,particle swarm optimized projection tracking evaluation model,coupling coordination degree model,and machine learning algorithms to calculate and analyze the level of coupling coordination development of NEVs and the ecological environment in China from 2010 to 2021,and identifies the driving factors.The research results show that:(i)From 2010 to 2021,the development index of NEVs in China has steadily increased from 0.085 to 0.634,while the ecological environment level index significantly rose from 0.170 to 0.884,reflecting the continuous development of China in both NEVs and the ecological environment.(ii)From 2010 to 2012,the two systems—new energy vehicle(NEV)development and the ecological environment—were in a period of imbalance and decline.From 2013 to 2016,they underwent a transition period,and from 2017 to 2021,they entered a period of coordinated development showing a trend of benign and continuous improvement.By 2021,they reached a good level of coordination.(iii)Indicators such as the number of patents granted for NEVs,water consumption per unit of GDP,and energy consumption per unit of GDP are the main driving factors affecting the coupling coordination development of NEVs and the ecological environment in China.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant...Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant’s eight-step concept analysis approach was utilized to identify and define the attributes,antecedents,and consequences of reflective supervision in the ICU.An extensive literature search was conducted across various databases,including Google Scholar,CINAHL,PubMed.Articles published from 2005 to 2025 were identified.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020 statement to indicate the included articles and extract related data based on relevance.Results Forty articles were included in the analysis.The identified attributes included the supervisor-supervisee relationship,effective communication,teamwork,collaborations,reflection,competencies,feedback,continuous support,and autonomous choice.The identified antecedents included participation,supportive supervision,flexibility,open-door policy,training,and motivation.Consequences impacting the success of reflective supervision were identified as promotion of resiliency,autonomy,work-life balance,self-awareness,increased self-esteem,professional development,critical thinking,increased job satisfaction,and enhanced commitment.Conclusions Reflective supervision is a complex professional self-care strategy that enhances ICU practice,by promoting nurses’well-being,self-awareness,therapeutic skills,and professional development.展开更多
In modern industrial production,foreign object detection in complex environments is crucial to ensure product quality and production safety.Detection systems based on deep-learning image processing algorithms often fa...In modern industrial production,foreign object detection in complex environments is crucial to ensure product quality and production safety.Detection systems based on deep-learning image processing algorithms often face challenges with handling high-resolution images and achieving accurate detection against complex backgrounds.To address these issues,this study employs the PatchCore unsupervised anomaly detection algorithm combined with data augmentation techniques to enhance the system’s generalization capability across varying lighting conditions,viewing angles,and object scales.The proposed method is evaluated in a complex industrial detection scenario involving the bogie of an electric multiple unit(EMU).A dataset consisting of complex backgrounds,diverse lighting conditions,and multiple viewing angles is constructed to validate the performance of the detection system in real industrial environments.Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)of 0.92 and an average F1 score of 0.85.Combined with data augmentation,the proposed model exhibits improvements in AUROC by 0.06 and F1 score by 0.03,demonstrating enhanced accuracy and robustness for foreign object detection in complex industrial settings.In addition,the effects of key factors on detection performance are systematically analyzed,providing practical guidance for parameter selection in real industrial applications.展开更多
With the increasing emphasis on personal information protection,encryption through security protocols has emerged as a critical requirement in data transmission and reception processes.Nevertheless,IoT ecosystems comp...With the increasing emphasis on personal information protection,encryption through security protocols has emerged as a critical requirement in data transmission and reception processes.Nevertheless,IoT ecosystems comprise heterogeneous networks where outdated systems coexist with the latest devices,spanning a range of devices from non-encrypted ones to fully encrypted ones.Given the limited visibility into payloads in this context,this study investigates AI-based attack detection methods that leverage encrypted traffic metadata,eliminating the need for decryption and minimizing system performance degradation—especially in light of these heterogeneous devices.Using the UNSW-NB15 and CICIoT-2023 dataset,encrypted and unencrypted traffic were categorized according to security protocol,and AI-based intrusion detection experiments were conducted for each traffic type based on metadata.To mitigate the problem of class imbalance,eight different data sampling techniques were applied.The effectiveness of these sampling techniques was then comparatively analyzed using two ensemble models and three Deep Learning(DL)models from various perspectives.The experimental results confirmed that metadata-based attack detection is feasible using only encrypted traffic.In the UNSW-NB15 dataset,the f1-score of encrypted traffic was approximately 0.98,which is 4.3%higher than that of unencrypted traffic(approximately 0.94).In addition,analysis of the encrypted traffic in the CICIoT-2023 dataset using the same method showed a significantly lower f1-score of roughly 0.43,indicating that the quality of the dataset and the preprocessing approach have a substantial impact on detection performance.Furthermore,when data sampling techniques were applied to encrypted traffic,the recall in the UNSWNB15(Encrypted)dataset improved by up to 23.0%,and in the CICIoT-2023(Encrypted)dataset by 20.26%,showing a similar level of improvement.Notably,in CICIoT-2023,f1-score and Receiver Operation Characteristic-Area Under the Curve(ROC-AUC)increased by 59.0%and 55.94%,respectively.These results suggest that data sampling can have a positive effect even in encrypted environments.However,the extent of the improvement may vary depending on data quality,model architecture,and sampling strategy.展开更多
Prussian blue analogs(PBAs)are considered one of the excellent cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to their low cost and high theoretical specific capacity,especially sodium-rich iron-based PBAs(FeHCF)can p...Prussian blue analogs(PBAs)are considered one of the excellent cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to their low cost and high theoretical specific capacity,especially sodium-rich iron-based PBAs(FeHCF)can provide higher energy density.FeHCF has a poor charge/discharge platform stability at high voltages(FeC_(6)moiety),which is mainly affected by its coordination environment.In this research,Cu^(+)(six-coordinated),which is close to the ionic radius of Fe^(2+),was used for substitution,the FeC_(6)vacancies of FeHCF were reduced,and the coordination environment was optimized.The low Cu^(+)-substituted FeHCF(Cu^(+)0.625)has an optimal electrochemical performance at 8.5 mA/g with a reversible specific capacity of 142 mA h/g and FeC_(6)moiety contribution of more than 68 mA h/g,which is superior to that of unmodified and other Cu^(2+)-substituted FeHCFs.In situ tests demonstrate the reversible structural stability of the Cu^(+)0.625,supporting the stability of their high-voltage platform capacity.This Cu^(+)substitution strategy further enriches the approach to optimize the coordination environment of sodium-rich FeHCF.展开更多
Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) are recognized as a primary threat to the sustainability of environment and human health in the 21^(st) century.Nanomaterials(NMs) have attracted substantial attention due to their un...Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) are recognized as a primary threat to the sustainability of environment and human health in the 21^(st) century.Nanomaterials(NMs) have attracted substantial attention due to their unique dimensions and structures.Unfortunately,emerging evidence suggests that NMs may facilitate the transmission of ARGs.It is crucial to elucidate how NMs affect the evolution and dissemination of ARGs.The current review comprehensively examines the role of NMs in the widespread transmission of ARGs in aquatic environments and the underlying mechanisms involved in the process.It aims to clarify the effects and mechanisms of NMs on the horizontal gene transfer processes that are associated with ARGs,including the enhancement of cell membrane permeability,the formation of nanopores on membranes,promotion of mutagenesis,and the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROSs).Furthermore,the trade-off between the removal of ARGs and horizontal transfer has been elucidated.The review aspires to guide future research directions,advance knowledge on the implications of NMs in the field of ARGs' transmission,and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of safer and more effective applications of NMs.展开更多
In real-world autonomous driving tests,unexpected events such as pedestrians or wild animals suddenly entering the driving path can occur.Conducting actual test drives under various weather conditions may also lead to...In real-world autonomous driving tests,unexpected events such as pedestrians or wild animals suddenly entering the driving path can occur.Conducting actual test drives under various weather conditions may also lead to dangerous situations.Furthermore,autonomous vehicles may operate abnormally in bad weather due to limitations of their sensors and GPS.Driving simulators,which replicate driving conditions nearly identical to those in the real world,can drastically reduce the time and cost required for market entry validation;consequently,they have become widely used.In this paper,we design a virtual driving test environment capable of collecting and verifying SiLS data under adverse weather conditions using multi-source images.The proposed method generates a virtual testing environment that incorporates various events,including weather,time of day,and moving objects,that cannot be easily verified in real-world autonomous driving tests.By setting up scenario-based virtual environment events,multi-source image analysis and verification using real-world DCUs(Data Concentrator Units)with V2X-Car edge cloud can effectively address risk factors that may arise in real-world situations.We tested and validated the proposed method with scenarios employing V2X communication and multi-source image analysis.展开更多
Regular quantitative assessments of regional ecological environment quality(EEQ)and driving force analyses are highly important for environmental protection and sustainable development.Northern China is a typical clim...Regular quantitative assessments of regional ecological environment quality(EEQ)and driving force analyses are highly important for environmental protection and sustainable development.Northern China is a typical climate-sensitive and ecologically vulnerable area,however,the changes in EEQ in this region and their underlying causes remain unclear.Traditional evaluations of EEQ rely primarily on the remote sensing ecological index(RSEI),which lacks assessments of indicators such as greenness(NDVI),humidity(WET),heat(LST),and dryness(NDBSI).To address these issues,this study employs the principal component analysis method and the Google Earth Engine to construct an RSEI suitable for long-term and large-scale applications and analyzes the spatio-temporal variations in the RSEI,NDVI,WET,NDBSI,and LST.Additionally,geographical detectors are utilized to analyze the driving factors affecting EEQ.The results indicate the following.(1)The RSEI shows a fluctuating upward trend,with an average value of 0.4566,indicating a gradual improvement in EEQ.The EEQ exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity,with a pattern of lower values in the west and higher values in the east.(2)The NDVI and WET exhibit fluctuating increasing trends,indicating improvements in both indices.The NDBSI shows a fluctuating decreasing trend,whereas the LST presents a fluctuating increasing trend,suggesting an improvement in the NDBSI and a slight deterioration in the LST.NDVI and WET demonstrate a spatial pattern characterized by low values in the west and high values in the east.NDBSI and LST demonstrate a spatial pattern characterized by low values in the east and high values in the west.(3)Land use types and precipitation are the primary driving factors influencing the spatial differentiation of the EEQ.The explanatory power of these driving factors significantly increases under their interactions,particularly the interaction between land use types and other driving factors.This study fills the gap in existing EEQ evaluations that analyze only the RSEI without considering the NDVI,WET,NDBSI,and LST.The findings provide new insights for EEQ assessments and serve as a scientific reference for environmental protection and sustainable development.展开更多
Considering the undeniable importance of the environment in people’s lives,this study investigates the combined effects of information and communication technology(ICT)and foreign direct investment(FDI)on achieving e...Considering the undeniable importance of the environment in people’s lives,this study investigates the combined effects of information and communication technology(ICT)and foreign direct investment(FDI)on achieving environmental sustainability.With increasing carbon emissions and their destructive environmental,socioeconomic,and political consequences,the main research question is:what strategies have governments,especially oil-exporting countries,previously used to reduce pollution,and what policies do they plan to implement in the future?Among the policies undertaken by OPEC member countries,has FDI and the development of ICT been effective in preventing environmental damage?To address this,this study uses renewable energy consumption,ICT intensity,FDI,and urbanization as explanatory variables,with carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions as the dependent variable.The analysis focuses on OPEC members from 2000 to 2020 using a panel vector autoregression(PVAR)method.The results indicate that a shock to FDI,labor force,urban population,and renewable energy consumption reduces CO_(2)emissions while a shock to gross capital formation increases them.The impact of an ICT shock on CO_(2)emissions is negligible.Variance analysis further shows that urban population,labor force,and FDI have the greatest influence on CO_(2)behavior,therefore,it is necessary to attract more FDI to help reduce CO_(2)in OPEC members.展开更多
The development of highly efficient non-precious metal-nitrogen-carbon(M-N-C)electrocatalysts is a key scientific issue for improving the performance of metal-air batteries and fuel cells.Due to the symmetric charge d...The development of highly efficient non-precious metal-nitrogen-carbon(M-N-C)electrocatalysts is a key scientific issue for improving the performance of metal-air batteries and fuel cells.Due to the symmetric charge distribution of the traditional M-N_(4)active site,the adsorption energy of the key oxygen intermediates in the process of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is difficult to reach the optimal value,which seriously limits the catalytic efficiency.The core of solving this problem lies in the accurate modulation of the coordination environment of the M-N_(4)site,which can realize the breakthrough improvement of the catalytic performance by synergistically optimizing the geometric configuration and electronic structure.In this paper,we systematically analyze the ORR/OER reaction mechanism and then comprehensively review the four main strategies to optimize the coordination environment of M-N-C:metal site regulation,coordination number engineering,non-metal atom doping,and carbon support regulation.Through an in-depth analysis of the structure-activity relationship between the coordination configuration and catalytic performance,the core challenges faced by current research are pointed out,and future research directions are envisioned.This work aims to provide theoretical references for the directional construction of highly efficient M-N-C catalysts with optimized coordination environments.展开更多
A low-carbon lifestyle presents new opportunities for sustainable urban development.While previous studies have verified the impact of the built environment and socioeconomic status(SES)on low-carbon lifestyles,they h...A low-carbon lifestyle presents new opportunities for sustainable urban development.While previous studies have verified the impact of the built environment and socioeconomic status(SES)on low-carbon lifestyles,they have primarily focused on direct effects.At present,there is still a lack of analysis on the interaction effects on low-carbon lifestyles,and limited attention has been given to the peer effect in low-carbon lifestyles,especially in the context of residential differentiation.Therefore,we take Zhengzhou city as the case area and first calculate the low-carbon lifestyle of 1485 families from three dimensions:low-carbon action(A),low-carbon interest(I)and low-carbon opinion(O).We then analyze the direct and interactive impacts of the built environment and SES on low-carbon lifestyles and explore the peer effect.Our findings indicate that families with higher SES have higher levels of low-carbon interest and low-carbon opinion,but relatively low levels of low-carbon action.This suggests an interest-action bias in the low-carbon lifestyles of high-SES families.POI density,road network density and accessibility positively affect low-carbon lifestyles—that is,residents living in areas with well-developed infrastructure and convenient transportation tend to be green in their daily behavior.The peer effect influences low-carbon action,interest,and opinion by 54.6%,34.9%,and 16%,respectively,indicating that the peer effect is most evident in low-carbon action.That is,the peer effect is more obvious in low-carbon action.In addition,the built environment affects the low-carbon lifestyles of different SES groups.Land-use mix positively increases low-carbon action and low-carbon interest among high-SES groups but reduces low-carbon opinion.Road network density positively affects the low-carbon action of high-SES groups and the low-carbon interest and low-carbon opinion of low-SES groups.This study explores low-carbon lifestyles from a situational perspective,providing a practical basis for policies aimed at accelerating a transition to sustainable living.展开更多
Biometric characteristics are playing a vital role in security for the last few years.Human gait classification in video sequences is an important biometrics attribute and is used for security purposes.A new framework...Biometric characteristics are playing a vital role in security for the last few years.Human gait classification in video sequences is an important biometrics attribute and is used for security purposes.A new framework for human gait classification in video sequences using deep learning(DL)fusion assisted and posterior probability-based moth flames optimization(MFO)is proposed.In the first step,the video frames are resized and finetuned by two pre-trained lightweight DL models,EfficientNetB0 and MobileNetV2.Both models are selected based on the top-5 accuracy and less number of parameters.Later,both models are trained through deep transfer learning and extracted deep features fused using a voting scheme.In the last step,the authors develop a posterior probabilitybased MFO feature selection algorithm to select the best features.The selected features are classified using several supervised learning methods.The CASIA-B publicly available dataset has been employed for the experimental process.On this dataset,the authors selected six angles such as 0°,18°,90°,108°,162°,and 180°and obtained an average accuracy of 96.9%,95.7%,86.8%,90.0%,95.1%,and 99.7%.Results demonstrate comparable improvement in accuracy and significantly minimize the computational time with recent state-of-the-art techniques.展开更多
Objectives:Emotional stress is a significant public health challenge.Virtual reality(VR)offers the potential for aiding emotional recovery.This study explores the impact of VR environment design factors on emotional r...Objectives:Emotional stress is a significant public health challenge.Virtual reality(VR)offers the potential for aiding emotional recovery.This study explores the impact of VR environment design factors on emotional recovery,examining underlying mechanisms through physiological indicators and behavioral responses.Methods:Two experimentswere conducted.Experiment 1 employed a 4[Scene Type:real environment(RE),virtual scenes that restore the RE(VR),virtual scenes that incorporate natural window view design(VR-W),and a no-scene control condition(CTL)]×3(Experimental Phase:baseline,emotion arousal,recovery)mixed design(N=33).Participants viewed a 4-min anxiety-inducing video followed by a 3-min scene exposure.State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Form(STAIS),galvanic skin response(GSR),and blood-volume pulse(BVP)frequency were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models.Experiment 2 used a 3(Motion-control mode:Unnatural,Semi-natural,Natural)×2(Sound form:Spatial positioning,Surround)×3(Experimental Phase:baseline,emotion arousal,recovery)mixed design(N=42).Presence was analyzed with the Scheirer–Ray–Hare test;phase efficacy was verified with Friedman tests.Results:Experiment 1 showed significant Scene Type×Experimental Phase interactions for GSR(F=8.006,p<0.001,η^(2)_(p)=0.624)and BVP frequency(F=11.491,p<0.001,η^(2)_(p)=0.704).VR-Wproduced the largest recovery(ΔGSR=–1.26;ΔBVP=–5.80;Hedges g≥0.83)vs.RE and VR.STAI-S returned to baseline across all Scene Types.Experiment 2 revealedmain effects of Motion-control mode(F=8.55,p=0.001,η^(2)_(p)=0.32)and Sound form(F=4.35,p=0.044,η^(2)_(p)=0.11)on Presence(Semi-natural+Spatial positioning highest).The greatest physiological recovery occurred with the UnnaturalMotioncontrolmode(GSRH=20.17,p<0.001,ε^(2)=0.49;BVPH=7.92,p=0.019),amplified by Spatial positioning Sound form only in this mode.Design factors did not influence STAI-S change.Conclusions:VR scenes are as restorative as RE;embedding VR-W accelerates recovery.Maximal Presence is not essential:Unnatural Motion-control mode induced the largest physiological recovery,especially combined with Spatial positioning Sound form.展开更多
Since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy,China has undergone a period of rapid development.However,this urban expansion has been accompanied by significant ecological challenges.Therefore,understan...Since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy,China has undergone a period of rapid development.However,this urban expansion has been accompanied by significant ecological challenges.Therefore,understanding the relationship between urban expansion and ecological sustainability is crucial for future urban planning.This study analyzes land use data to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban agglomeration expansion from 2000 to 2020.Using MODIS satellite data,this study constructs a Remote Sensing Ecological Index(RSEI)model to assess ecological quality changes over the past two decades.Additionally,an improved coupling coordination model is applied to examine the interaction between urban expansion and ecological quality and to evaluate the spatiotemporal trends of their coordination.The results indicate that:①From 2000 to 2020,urban expansion in the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin followed a pattern of“growth-growthdecline”.Pattern recognition analysis indicated that both urban agglomerations and individual cities primarily expanded through edge extension and infill development,while enclave-style expansion occurred in only a small portion of the region.②Between 2000 and 2020,the ecological quality of urban agglomerations in the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin showed a slight improvement.RSEI values ranged from 0.4 to 0.7,indicating moderate ecological quality.Ecological quality exhibited a spatial pattern of being higher in the southwest and lower in the northeast.Significant declines in ecological quality were primarily concentrated in urban built-up areas,forming a patch-like distribution.Conversely,notable improvements in ecological quality occurred mainly in the mountainous regions of the southwest and north.③Between 2000 and 2020,the coupling coordination level of urban agglomerations showed an increasing trend.Coupling coordination values ranged from 0.248 to 0.734.Most cities were near an imbalance between urban expansion and ecological quality,while Zhengzhou was the only city to consistently maintain coordinated development over two decades.Spatially,highly imbalanced areas were mainly concentrated in the western and southern Henan sections,particularly in Sanmenxia and Luoyang.Conversely,areas with high coupling coordination were centered around Zhengzhou,showing a radial expansion pattern in recent years.展开更多
In recent years,there have been numerous academic discussions the environmental rights,and there has been ongoing debate about whether environmental rights can become a constitutional right and whether their focus is ...In recent years,there have been numerous academic discussions the environmental rights,and there has been ongoing debate about whether environmental rights can become a constitutional right and whether their focus is on the environment itself or on health.Although the current Constitution contains provisions on environmental protection,they do not appear in the form of fundamental rights.From a comparative law perspective,while international conventions tend to regard environmental rights as an international human right,most countries only partially recognize their claim-related attributes,often treating them more as a state objective.There is a close connection between environmental protection and the realization of health,but environmental protection has its own independent value.There is no doubt that environmental protection is a constitutional value,however,the constitutional environmental rights can only be claimed when they are closely related to health.In a risk-oriented society,the claim-related attributes,normative connotations,and scope of protection of the right to a healthy environment should be defined from three aspects:inviolability,risk prevention,and positive protection.展开更多
基金National Social Science Fund of China(18KXS009)the Sichuan Provincial Soft Science Program(22JDR0261)the Sichuan University“From 0 to 1”Innovation Research Program(2021CXC10)。
文摘In the context of the revolution in new technologies,a key question is whether the rapid growth of the digital economy,driven by digital technologies,has improved regional innovation performance.Using inter-provincial panel data from China(2012–2022)and adopting a business environment perspective,this study applies a Panel Extended Regression Model(PERM),a Panel Simultaneous Equation Model(PSEM),and a Tobit-IV model to analyze how the development of the digital economy influences regional innovation.The results reveal a pronounced U-shaped relationship between the digital economy and the regional innovation performance at the provincial level in China,with the business environment serving as a significant mediator in this relationship.Moreover,regional innovation performance in China exhibits a“ratchet effect,”with the impact of the digital economy varying markedly across regions.While the eastern and western regions have entered an upward phase,whereby the digital economy boosts innovation,the central region displays a weaker effect.Further analysis indicates that the synergy between the business environment and the digital economy in driving innovation remains suboptimal.These findings were supported by robust checks.This study offers theoretical insights and empirical evidence that support the coordinated development of digital government and the digital factor market,as well as business environment reforms that are in alignment with the innovation demands of the digital era.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 42171085)and the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFF1307801,2024YFF1307804).
文摘Integrated environmental management is important for sustainable development.Under China’s“Three Lines One Permit”(TLOP)policy,three types of management zones—priority protection,critical control,and general control zones—are established based on the ecological red line,the lower-limit line for environmental quality,and the resource use line.Human activities are regulated through a permit system.Integrated and multifactorial protection of soil,plant,hydrological,and atmospheric elements is promoted at the regional level.A follow-up assessment contributes to the improvement of policy implementation and effectiveness.This study demonstrates the achievements of the TLOP policy in Sichuan Province.Results show that(1)276 protection zones have been established under the ecological red line,covering key ecosystems and protected areas to ensure environmental security.Under the lower-limit line,1,626 functional(priority,key,and general control)zones have been designated to regulate air,water,and soil quality,enhancing environmental capacity and pollution control.(2)Through the integration and merging of the three lines,1,128 integrated management zones have been established,including 375,625,and 128 priority protection,critical control,and general control zones,respectively.Each zone has its own list of environmental permits to regulate human activities according to different environmental protection and natural resource development regimes.(3)The design of the follow-up assessment index system was informed by regional primary functions and industrial structure.The index system for provinces and cities is structured around three primary indicators—implementation updating,application,and guarantees—and 15 secondary indicators.The system for critical control zones is structured around environmental access,management,and effectiveness and 14 secondary indicators.A stringent environmental zoning system has been established through the TLOP policy,thereby safeguarding environmental security,promoting harmonious existence between humans and nature,and supporting the vision of Beautiful China.
基金Supported by Changsha Tobacco Company Science and Technology Project(2020-2024A04).
文摘Starting from the foundational static traits underlying the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, this research conducts a systematic examination of the phenomena and theoretical principles associated with environment-driven adaptive changes during its cultivation. It was found that environmental variables-including temperature, light, and moisture-elicit directional shifts in static traits ( e.g. , chemical composition, morphological architecture, and leaf tissue structure) toward enhanced environmental adaptation, characterized by graduality, juvenility, similarity, and correlativity. Upon alterations in ambient conditions, flue-cured tobacco modulates its static traits through integrated physical, chemical, and biological-genetic mechanisms, aiming to optimize resource utilization, mitigate environmental constraints, and preserve internal homeostasis alongside metabolic balance. The investigation further reveals that the adaptive scope of flue-cured tobacco to field environments is malleable and can be extended and elevated via adaptive conditioning commencing at the juvenile stage. In addition, the adaptive alignment between static traits and environmental parameters exerts a substantial impact on the plant s growth dynamics, yield performance, and quality attributes. Beyond its relevance to flue-cured tobacco, the proposed theory offers a meaningful framework for elucidating the pervasive adaptive strategies employed by plants and broader biological systems in response to environmental contingencies.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62306128the Leading Innovation Project of Changzhou Science and Technology Bureau underGrant CQ20230072+2 种基金the Basic Science Research Project of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education under Grant 23KJD520003the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Provinceunder Grant 20240101382JCthe National KeyR esearch and Development Program of China under Grant 2023YFF1105102.
文摘In fire rescue scenarios,traditional manual operations are highly dangerous,as dense smoke,low visibility,extreme heat,and toxic gases not only hinder rescue efficiency but also endanger firefighters’safety.Although intelligent rescue robots can enter hazardous environments in place of humans,smoke poses major challenges for human detection algorithms.These challenges include the attenuation of visible and infrared signals,complex thermal fields,and interference frombackground objects,all ofwhichmake it difficult to accurately identify trapped individuals.To address this problem,we propose VIF-YOLO,a visible–infrared fusion model for real-time human detection in dense smoke environments.The framework introduces a lightweight multimodal fusion(LMF)module based on learnable low-rank representation blocks to end-to-end integrate visible and infrared images,preserving fine details while enhancing salient features.In addition,an efficient multiscale attention(EMA)mechanism is incorporated into the YOLOv10n backbone to improve feature representation under low-light conditions.Extensive experiments on our newly constructedmultimodal smoke human detection(MSHD)dataset demonstrate thatVIF-YOLOachievesmAP50 of 99.5%,precision of 99.2%,and recall of 99.3%,outperforming YOLOv10n by a clear margin.Furthermore,when deployed on the NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX,VIF-YOLO attains 40.6 FPS with an average inference latency of 24.6 ms,validating its real-time capability on edge-computing platforms.These results confirm that VIF-YOLO provides accurate,robust,and fast detection across complex backgrounds and diverse smoke conditions,ensuring reliable and rapid localization of individuals in need of rescue.
基金Supported by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX24_0102)the China Scholarship Council Program(202406190114)。
文摘Studying the coupling coordination development of new energy vehicles(NEVs)and the ecological environment in China is helpful in promoting the development of NEVs in the country and is of great significance in promoting high-quality development of new energy in China.This paper constructs an evaluation index system for the development of NEVs and the ecological environment.It uses game theory combining weighting model,particle swarm optimized projection tracking evaluation model,coupling coordination degree model,and machine learning algorithms to calculate and analyze the level of coupling coordination development of NEVs and the ecological environment in China from 2010 to 2021,and identifies the driving factors.The research results show that:(i)From 2010 to 2021,the development index of NEVs in China has steadily increased from 0.085 to 0.634,while the ecological environment level index significantly rose from 0.170 to 0.884,reflecting the continuous development of China in both NEVs and the ecological environment.(ii)From 2010 to 2012,the two systems—new energy vehicle(NEV)development and the ecological environment—were in a period of imbalance and decline.From 2013 to 2016,they underwent a transition period,and from 2017 to 2021,they entered a period of coordinated development showing a trend of benign and continuous improvement.By 2021,they reached a good level of coordination.(iii)Indicators such as the number of patents granted for NEVs,water consumption per unit of GDP,and energy consumption per unit of GDP are the main driving factors affecting the coupling coordination development of NEVs and the ecological environment in China.
文摘Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant’s eight-step concept analysis approach was utilized to identify and define the attributes,antecedents,and consequences of reflective supervision in the ICU.An extensive literature search was conducted across various databases,including Google Scholar,CINAHL,PubMed.Articles published from 2005 to 2025 were identified.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020 statement to indicate the included articles and extract related data based on relevance.Results Forty articles were included in the analysis.The identified attributes included the supervisor-supervisee relationship,effective communication,teamwork,collaborations,reflection,competencies,feedback,continuous support,and autonomous choice.The identified antecedents included participation,supportive supervision,flexibility,open-door policy,training,and motivation.Consequences impacting the success of reflective supervision were identified as promotion of resiliency,autonomy,work-life balance,self-awareness,increased self-esteem,professional development,critical thinking,increased job satisfaction,and enhanced commitment.Conclusions Reflective supervision is a complex professional self-care strategy that enhances ICU practice,by promoting nurses’well-being,self-awareness,therapeutic skills,and professional development.
文摘In modern industrial production,foreign object detection in complex environments is crucial to ensure product quality and production safety.Detection systems based on deep-learning image processing algorithms often face challenges with handling high-resolution images and achieving accurate detection against complex backgrounds.To address these issues,this study employs the PatchCore unsupervised anomaly detection algorithm combined with data augmentation techniques to enhance the system’s generalization capability across varying lighting conditions,viewing angles,and object scales.The proposed method is evaluated in a complex industrial detection scenario involving the bogie of an electric multiple unit(EMU).A dataset consisting of complex backgrounds,diverse lighting conditions,and multiple viewing angles is constructed to validate the performance of the detection system in real industrial environments.Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)of 0.92 and an average F1 score of 0.85.Combined with data augmentation,the proposed model exhibits improvements in AUROC by 0.06 and F1 score by 0.03,demonstrating enhanced accuracy and robustness for foreign object detection in complex industrial settings.In addition,the effects of key factors on detection performance are systematically analyzed,providing practical guidance for parameter selection in real industrial applications.
基金supported by the Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00235509Development of security monitoring technology based network behavior against encrypted cyber threats in ICT convergence environment).
文摘With the increasing emphasis on personal information protection,encryption through security protocols has emerged as a critical requirement in data transmission and reception processes.Nevertheless,IoT ecosystems comprise heterogeneous networks where outdated systems coexist with the latest devices,spanning a range of devices from non-encrypted ones to fully encrypted ones.Given the limited visibility into payloads in this context,this study investigates AI-based attack detection methods that leverage encrypted traffic metadata,eliminating the need for decryption and minimizing system performance degradation—especially in light of these heterogeneous devices.Using the UNSW-NB15 and CICIoT-2023 dataset,encrypted and unencrypted traffic were categorized according to security protocol,and AI-based intrusion detection experiments were conducted for each traffic type based on metadata.To mitigate the problem of class imbalance,eight different data sampling techniques were applied.The effectiveness of these sampling techniques was then comparatively analyzed using two ensemble models and three Deep Learning(DL)models from various perspectives.The experimental results confirmed that metadata-based attack detection is feasible using only encrypted traffic.In the UNSW-NB15 dataset,the f1-score of encrypted traffic was approximately 0.98,which is 4.3%higher than that of unencrypted traffic(approximately 0.94).In addition,analysis of the encrypted traffic in the CICIoT-2023 dataset using the same method showed a significantly lower f1-score of roughly 0.43,indicating that the quality of the dataset and the preprocessing approach have a substantial impact on detection performance.Furthermore,when data sampling techniques were applied to encrypted traffic,the recall in the UNSWNB15(Encrypted)dataset improved by up to 23.0%,and in the CICIoT-2023(Encrypted)dataset by 20.26%,showing a similar level of improvement.Notably,in CICIoT-2023,f1-score and Receiver Operation Characteristic-Area Under the Curve(ROC-AUC)increased by 59.0%and 55.94%,respectively.These results suggest that data sampling can have a positive effect even in encrypted environments.However,the extent of the improvement may vary depending on data quality,model architecture,and sampling strategy.
基金supported by the Key Talent Project of Gansu Province(2025RCXM017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52261040)+2 种基金the Postgraduate Innovation Star Program of Gansu Province(2025CXZX-476)the Major Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(22ZD6GA008)the Innovation Driven Assistance Engineering Project of Gansu Association for Science and Technology(GXH20250325-5).
文摘Prussian blue analogs(PBAs)are considered one of the excellent cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to their low cost and high theoretical specific capacity,especially sodium-rich iron-based PBAs(FeHCF)can provide higher energy density.FeHCF has a poor charge/discharge platform stability at high voltages(FeC_(6)moiety),which is mainly affected by its coordination environment.In this research,Cu^(+)(six-coordinated),which is close to the ionic radius of Fe^(2+),was used for substitution,the FeC_(6)vacancies of FeHCF were reduced,and the coordination environment was optimized.The low Cu^(+)-substituted FeHCF(Cu^(+)0.625)has an optimal electrochemical performance at 8.5 mA/g with a reversible specific capacity of 142 mA h/g and FeC_(6)moiety contribution of more than 68 mA h/g,which is superior to that of unmodified and other Cu^(2+)-substituted FeHCFs.In situ tests demonstrate the reversible structural stability of the Cu^(+)0.625,supporting the stability of their high-voltage platform capacity.This Cu^(+)substitution strategy further enriches the approach to optimize the coordination environment of sodium-rich FeHCF.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (Harbin Institute of Technology) (No.2022TS13)the key projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.2019YFC0408503)the Key Research Program of Wuhan (No.2022022202015015)。
文摘Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) are recognized as a primary threat to the sustainability of environment and human health in the 21^(st) century.Nanomaterials(NMs) have attracted substantial attention due to their unique dimensions and structures.Unfortunately,emerging evidence suggests that NMs may facilitate the transmission of ARGs.It is crucial to elucidate how NMs affect the evolution and dissemination of ARGs.The current review comprehensively examines the role of NMs in the widespread transmission of ARGs in aquatic environments and the underlying mechanisms involved in the process.It aims to clarify the effects and mechanisms of NMs on the horizontal gene transfer processes that are associated with ARGs,including the enhancement of cell membrane permeability,the formation of nanopores on membranes,promotion of mutagenesis,and the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROSs).Furthermore,the trade-off between the removal of ARGs and horizontal transfer has been elucidated.The review aspires to guide future research directions,advance knowledge on the implications of NMs in the field of ARGs' transmission,and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of safer and more effective applications of NMs.
基金supported by Institute of Information and Communications Technology Planning and Evaluation(IITP)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.2019-0-01842,Artificial Intelligence Graduate School Program(GIST))supported by Korea Planning&Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology(KEIT)grant funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Republic of Korea)(RS-2025-25448249+1 种基金Automotive Industry Technology Development(R&D)Program)supported by the Regional Innovation System&Education(RISE)programthrough the(Gwangju RISE Center),funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)and the Gwangju Metropolitan City,Republic of Korea(2025-RISE-05-001).
文摘In real-world autonomous driving tests,unexpected events such as pedestrians or wild animals suddenly entering the driving path can occur.Conducting actual test drives under various weather conditions may also lead to dangerous situations.Furthermore,autonomous vehicles may operate abnormally in bad weather due to limitations of their sensors and GPS.Driving simulators,which replicate driving conditions nearly identical to those in the real world,can drastically reduce the time and cost required for market entry validation;consequently,they have become widely used.In this paper,we design a virtual driving test environment capable of collecting and verifying SiLS data under adverse weather conditions using multi-source images.The proposed method generates a virtual testing environment that incorporates various events,including weather,time of day,and moving objects,that cannot be easily verified in real-world autonomous driving tests.By setting up scenario-based virtual environment events,multi-source image analysis and verification using real-world DCUs(Data Concentrator Units)with V2X-Car edge cloud can effectively address risk factors that may arise in real-world situations.We tested and validated the proposed method with scenarios employing V2X communication and multi-source image analysis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41971268。
文摘Regular quantitative assessments of regional ecological environment quality(EEQ)and driving force analyses are highly important for environmental protection and sustainable development.Northern China is a typical climate-sensitive and ecologically vulnerable area,however,the changes in EEQ in this region and their underlying causes remain unclear.Traditional evaluations of EEQ rely primarily on the remote sensing ecological index(RSEI),which lacks assessments of indicators such as greenness(NDVI),humidity(WET),heat(LST),and dryness(NDBSI).To address these issues,this study employs the principal component analysis method and the Google Earth Engine to construct an RSEI suitable for long-term and large-scale applications and analyzes the spatio-temporal variations in the RSEI,NDVI,WET,NDBSI,and LST.Additionally,geographical detectors are utilized to analyze the driving factors affecting EEQ.The results indicate the following.(1)The RSEI shows a fluctuating upward trend,with an average value of 0.4566,indicating a gradual improvement in EEQ.The EEQ exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity,with a pattern of lower values in the west and higher values in the east.(2)The NDVI and WET exhibit fluctuating increasing trends,indicating improvements in both indices.The NDBSI shows a fluctuating decreasing trend,whereas the LST presents a fluctuating increasing trend,suggesting an improvement in the NDBSI and a slight deterioration in the LST.NDVI and WET demonstrate a spatial pattern characterized by low values in the west and high values in the east.NDBSI and LST demonstrate a spatial pattern characterized by low values in the east and high values in the west.(3)Land use types and precipitation are the primary driving factors influencing the spatial differentiation of the EEQ.The explanatory power of these driving factors significantly increases under their interactions,particularly the interaction between land use types and other driving factors.This study fills the gap in existing EEQ evaluations that analyze only the RSEI without considering the NDVI,WET,NDBSI,and LST.The findings provide new insights for EEQ assessments and serve as a scientific reference for environmental protection and sustainable development.
文摘Considering the undeniable importance of the environment in people’s lives,this study investigates the combined effects of information and communication technology(ICT)and foreign direct investment(FDI)on achieving environmental sustainability.With increasing carbon emissions and their destructive environmental,socioeconomic,and political consequences,the main research question is:what strategies have governments,especially oil-exporting countries,previously used to reduce pollution,and what policies do they plan to implement in the future?Among the policies undertaken by OPEC member countries,has FDI and the development of ICT been effective in preventing environmental damage?To address this,this study uses renewable energy consumption,ICT intensity,FDI,and urbanization as explanatory variables,with carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions as the dependent variable.The analysis focuses on OPEC members from 2000 to 2020 using a panel vector autoregression(PVAR)method.The results indicate that a shock to FDI,labor force,urban population,and renewable energy consumption reduces CO_(2)emissions while a shock to gross capital formation increases them.The impact of an ICT shock on CO_(2)emissions is negligible.Variance analysis further shows that urban population,labor force,and FDI have the greatest influence on CO_(2)behavior,therefore,it is necessary to attract more FDI to help reduce CO_(2)in OPEC members.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(no.E2024501010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.52374301)+1 种基金the Shijiazhuang Basic Research Project(no.241790667A)the Performance Subsidy Fund for Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province(no.22567627H)。
文摘The development of highly efficient non-precious metal-nitrogen-carbon(M-N-C)electrocatalysts is a key scientific issue for improving the performance of metal-air batteries and fuel cells.Due to the symmetric charge distribution of the traditional M-N_(4)active site,the adsorption energy of the key oxygen intermediates in the process of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is difficult to reach the optimal value,which seriously limits the catalytic efficiency.The core of solving this problem lies in the accurate modulation of the coordination environment of the M-N_(4)site,which can realize the breakthrough improvement of the catalytic performance by synergistically optimizing the geometric configuration and electronic structure.In this paper,we systematically analyze the ORR/OER reaction mechanism and then comprehensively review the four main strategies to optimize the coordination environment of M-N-C:metal site regulation,coordination number engineering,non-metal atom doping,and carbon support regulation.Through an in-depth analysis of the structure-activity relationship between the coordination configuration and catalytic performance,the core challenges faced by current research are pointed out,and future research directions are envisioned.This work aims to provide theoretical references for the directional construction of highly efficient M-N-C catalysts with optimized coordination environments.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42171295,No.42401380Outstanding Youth Science Fund of Henan Province,No.242300421144+1 种基金The Postgraduate Cultivating Innovation and Quality Improvement Action Plan of Henan University,No.SYLYC2022013Henan Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project,No.24HASTIT050。
文摘A low-carbon lifestyle presents new opportunities for sustainable urban development.While previous studies have verified the impact of the built environment and socioeconomic status(SES)on low-carbon lifestyles,they have primarily focused on direct effects.At present,there is still a lack of analysis on the interaction effects on low-carbon lifestyles,and limited attention has been given to the peer effect in low-carbon lifestyles,especially in the context of residential differentiation.Therefore,we take Zhengzhou city as the case area and first calculate the low-carbon lifestyle of 1485 families from three dimensions:low-carbon action(A),low-carbon interest(I)and low-carbon opinion(O).We then analyze the direct and interactive impacts of the built environment and SES on low-carbon lifestyles and explore the peer effect.Our findings indicate that families with higher SES have higher levels of low-carbon interest and low-carbon opinion,but relatively low levels of low-carbon action.This suggests an interest-action bias in the low-carbon lifestyles of high-SES families.POI density,road network density and accessibility positively affect low-carbon lifestyles—that is,residents living in areas with well-developed infrastructure and convenient transportation tend to be green in their daily behavior.The peer effect influences low-carbon action,interest,and opinion by 54.6%,34.9%,and 16%,respectively,indicating that the peer effect is most evident in low-carbon action.That is,the peer effect is more obvious in low-carbon action.In addition,the built environment affects the low-carbon lifestyles of different SES groups.Land-use mix positively increases low-carbon action and low-carbon interest among high-SES groups but reduces low-carbon opinion.Road network density positively affects the low-carbon action of high-SES groups and the low-carbon interest and low-carbon opinion of low-SES groups.This study explores low-carbon lifestyles from a situational perspective,providing a practical basis for policies aimed at accelerating a transition to sustainable living.
基金King Saud University,Grant/Award Number:RSP2024R157。
文摘Biometric characteristics are playing a vital role in security for the last few years.Human gait classification in video sequences is an important biometrics attribute and is used for security purposes.A new framework for human gait classification in video sequences using deep learning(DL)fusion assisted and posterior probability-based moth flames optimization(MFO)is proposed.In the first step,the video frames are resized and finetuned by two pre-trained lightweight DL models,EfficientNetB0 and MobileNetV2.Both models are selected based on the top-5 accuracy and less number of parameters.Later,both models are trained through deep transfer learning and extracted deep features fused using a voting scheme.In the last step,the authors develop a posterior probabilitybased MFO feature selection algorithm to select the best features.The selected features are classified using several supervised learning methods.The CASIA-B publicly available dataset has been employed for the experimental process.On this dataset,the authors selected six angles such as 0°,18°,90°,108°,162°,and 180°and obtained an average accuracy of 96.9%,95.7%,86.8%,90.0%,95.1%,and 99.7%.Results demonstrate comparable improvement in accuracy and significantly minimize the computational time with recent state-of-the-art techniques.
基金funded by the General Project of the National Social Science Fund(NSSF)of China in Art(Project No.23BG133)the Scientific Research Foundation ofWuhan Institute of Technology(Project No.K2023064)+2 种基金the Open Fund of Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences in Hubei Province—Research Center for College Students’Development and Innovation Education:“VR Healing Intervention for College Students’Academic Anxiety—VR Healing Based on Intention Dialogue”(Project No.DXS2023017)the Research Project of China Youth and Children Research Society(Project No.2025B11)the Major Strategic Consulting Projects of the Chinese Academy of Engineering between Academy and Local Regions(Project No.2024-DFZD-41).
文摘Objectives:Emotional stress is a significant public health challenge.Virtual reality(VR)offers the potential for aiding emotional recovery.This study explores the impact of VR environment design factors on emotional recovery,examining underlying mechanisms through physiological indicators and behavioral responses.Methods:Two experimentswere conducted.Experiment 1 employed a 4[Scene Type:real environment(RE),virtual scenes that restore the RE(VR),virtual scenes that incorporate natural window view design(VR-W),and a no-scene control condition(CTL)]×3(Experimental Phase:baseline,emotion arousal,recovery)mixed design(N=33).Participants viewed a 4-min anxiety-inducing video followed by a 3-min scene exposure.State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Form(STAIS),galvanic skin response(GSR),and blood-volume pulse(BVP)frequency were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models.Experiment 2 used a 3(Motion-control mode:Unnatural,Semi-natural,Natural)×2(Sound form:Spatial positioning,Surround)×3(Experimental Phase:baseline,emotion arousal,recovery)mixed design(N=42).Presence was analyzed with the Scheirer–Ray–Hare test;phase efficacy was verified with Friedman tests.Results:Experiment 1 showed significant Scene Type×Experimental Phase interactions for GSR(F=8.006,p<0.001,η^(2)_(p)=0.624)and BVP frequency(F=11.491,p<0.001,η^(2)_(p)=0.704).VR-Wproduced the largest recovery(ΔGSR=–1.26;ΔBVP=–5.80;Hedges g≥0.83)vs.RE and VR.STAI-S returned to baseline across all Scene Types.Experiment 2 revealedmain effects of Motion-control mode(F=8.55,p=0.001,η^(2)_(p)=0.32)and Sound form(F=4.35,p=0.044,η^(2)_(p)=0.11)on Presence(Semi-natural+Spatial positioning highest).The greatest physiological recovery occurred with the UnnaturalMotioncontrolmode(GSRH=20.17,p<0.001,ε^(2)=0.49;BVPH=7.92,p=0.019),amplified by Spatial positioning Sound form only in this mode.Design factors did not influence STAI-S change.Conclusions:VR scenes are as restorative as RE;embedding VR-W accelerates recovery.Maximal Presence is not essential:Unnatural Motion-control mode induced the largest physiological recovery,especially combined with Spatial positioning Sound form.
基金State Key Laboratory of Spatial Datum(No.SKLSD2025-ZZ-17)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A2014)+2 种基金High-Resolution Satellite Project of the State Administration of Science,Technology,and Industry for National Defense of the PRC(No.80Y50G19-9001-22/23)National Science and Technology Platform Construction Project(No.2005DKA32300)Major Research Projects of the Ministry of Education(No.16JJD770019).
文摘Since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy,China has undergone a period of rapid development.However,this urban expansion has been accompanied by significant ecological challenges.Therefore,understanding the relationship between urban expansion and ecological sustainability is crucial for future urban planning.This study analyzes land use data to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban agglomeration expansion from 2000 to 2020.Using MODIS satellite data,this study constructs a Remote Sensing Ecological Index(RSEI)model to assess ecological quality changes over the past two decades.Additionally,an improved coupling coordination model is applied to examine the interaction between urban expansion and ecological quality and to evaluate the spatiotemporal trends of their coordination.The results indicate that:①From 2000 to 2020,urban expansion in the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin followed a pattern of“growth-growthdecline”.Pattern recognition analysis indicated that both urban agglomerations and individual cities primarily expanded through edge extension and infill development,while enclave-style expansion occurred in only a small portion of the region.②Between 2000 and 2020,the ecological quality of urban agglomerations in the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin showed a slight improvement.RSEI values ranged from 0.4 to 0.7,indicating moderate ecological quality.Ecological quality exhibited a spatial pattern of being higher in the southwest and lower in the northeast.Significant declines in ecological quality were primarily concentrated in urban built-up areas,forming a patch-like distribution.Conversely,notable improvements in ecological quality occurred mainly in the mountainous regions of the southwest and north.③Between 2000 and 2020,the coupling coordination level of urban agglomerations showed an increasing trend.Coupling coordination values ranged from 0.248 to 0.734.Most cities were near an imbalance between urban expansion and ecological quality,while Zhengzhou was the only city to consistently maintain coordinated development over two decades.Spatially,highly imbalanced areas were mainly concentrated in the western and southern Henan sections,particularly in Sanmenxia and Luoyang.Conversely,areas with high coupling coordination were centered around Zhengzhou,showing a radial expansion pattern in recent years.
文摘In recent years,there have been numerous academic discussions the environmental rights,and there has been ongoing debate about whether environmental rights can become a constitutional right and whether their focus is on the environment itself or on health.Although the current Constitution contains provisions on environmental protection,they do not appear in the form of fundamental rights.From a comparative law perspective,while international conventions tend to regard environmental rights as an international human right,most countries only partially recognize their claim-related attributes,often treating them more as a state objective.There is a close connection between environmental protection and the realization of health,but environmental protection has its own independent value.There is no doubt that environmental protection is a constitutional value,however,the constitutional environmental rights can only be claimed when they are closely related to health.In a risk-oriented society,the claim-related attributes,normative connotations,and scope of protection of the right to a healthy environment should be defined from three aspects:inviolability,risk prevention,and positive protection.
