Feeding behavior is regulated by a complex network of endogenous neuropeptides.In chordates,this role is suggested to be under the control of diverse factors including thyrotropin-releasing hormone(TRH).However,whethe...Feeding behavior is regulated by a complex network of endogenous neuropeptides.In chordates,this role is suggested to be under the control of diverse factors including thyrotropin-releasing hormone(TRH).However,whether this regulatory activity of TRH is functionally conserved in non-chordate metazoans,and to what extent this process is underpinned by interactions of TRH with other neuropeptides such as cholecystokinin(CCK,known as a satiety signal),remain unclear.This study investigated the TRH signaling system in the echinoderm Apostichopus japonicus.Bioinformatic analyses and ligand-binding assays identified a functional TRH receptor(AjTRHR)that activated signaling via the MAPK/ERK1/2pathways.Experimental administration of TRH significantly reduced feeding activity,while up-regulating CCK expression.RNA interference(RNAi)experiments confirmed that both CCK and TRH are essential components of satiety signaling,working synergistically to mediate feeding inhibition.Evolutionary analysis of TRHtype peptides revealed greater conservation of the short isoform of TRH compared to the long isoform,probably driven by strong selection acting on the functional redundancy.These findings provide compelling evidence of a TRH-mediated signaling system in non-chordate deuterostomes,expandingourunderstandingof neuropeptide-regulated feeding mechanisms in marine invertebrates.展开更多
The abundance, distribution and diversity of epibenthic echinoderm were investigated at Dungonab Bay in the Red Sea coastal water of the Sudan. Four permanent line transects were chosen. Eight (30 × 2) square met...The abundance, distribution and diversity of epibenthic echinoderm were investigated at Dungonab Bay in the Red Sea coastal water of the Sudan. Four permanent line transects were chosen. Eight (30 × 2) square metre belt transects along each permanent line transect at 20 metre intervals were used to collect data. The data were subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses. Spatial variations of epibenthic echinoderm abundance were assessed with one-way analysis of variance. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering was used to identify and illustrate the similarities in echinoderm abundance between line transects and between belt transects. Indices of richness (d), diversity (H'), evenness (J') and dominance (C) were used to explain the diversity of epibenthic echinoderm species. The distribution pattern of each echinoderm species was determined in each permanent line transect. A total of 986 individuals were recorded within sixteen species of epibenthic echinoderms in the four line transects. Holothuriidae was the dominant family (5 species and 342 individuals). The most abundant echinoderms species was Pearsonothuria graeffei (77 individuals, about 7.81%). Abundances intra-transects and intra-families were insignificant (f = 1.67, p = 0.183, df = 3 and f = 3.24, p = 0.083, df = 9, respectively). The highest values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Pielou evenness index (J'), Margalef species richness index (d), and Simpson Dominance index (C) were 2.738, 0.9875, 2.791 and 0.07159, respectively. The distribution patterns of all species in the study transects varied between clumped and uniform, with the exception of Asthenosoma varium of the Echinothuridae family, which had clumped distribution patterns in all transects. The study concluded that Dungonab Bay supports rich and diverse communities of epibenthic echinoderms.展开更多
BACKGROUND Rearrangements of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)gene(ALK-positive)represent an oncogenic driver in approximately 3%-5%of non-small-lung cancer(NSCLC)patients.Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease,and it...BACKGROUND Rearrangements of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)gene(ALK-positive)represent an oncogenic driver in approximately 3%-5%of non-small-lung cancer(NSCLC)patients.Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease,and its reported incidence in Asia is 1 or less per 100000 people per year.The co-occurrence of sarcoidosis and ALK-positive NSCLC is rare,and ALK-positive lung cancer is likely to spread quickly.Therefore,the co-occurrence of sarcoidosis is more easily misdiagnosed as metastatic lung cancer by radiological examination.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old man had a nodule in the left superior lobe,many small nodules in left superior and right lungs,and enlarged bilateral hilar,mediastinal,and right supraclavicular lymph nodes.Computed tomography-guided pulmonary biopsy of the nodule in the left superior lobe revealed echinoderm microtubuleassociated protein-like 4 gene-ALK positive NSCLC with concomitant noncaseating granuloma.This patient was treated with crizotinib.Thirty days later,a chest computed tomography scan revealed a dramatic decrease in the size of the left superior lobe nodule;however,the lesions in the right lung progressed.The right supraclavicular lymph nodes showed granulomas,and no tumor cells were identified in the specimens. The angiotensin-converting enzyme level was high.After 1 wk of methylprednisolone treatment, a significant response of all lesionswas revealed. Following radical resection of the lung cancer, noncaseatinggranulomas were observed in both lung tissues and lymph nodes, which resultedin a diagnosis of echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-ALK positiveNSCLC accompanied with sarcoidosis.CONCLUSIONOur experience illustrates that pathological evidence is needed to confirmmetastatic disease, especially when some suspected metastatic lesions arenegative for malignancy.展开更多
Objective:To study the echinoderms diversity in Mudasalodai and Pazhayar landing centers during November 2012 to December 2014.Methods:All the collected echinoderm samples were stored at 4℃until further use.Results:A...Objective:To study the echinoderms diversity in Mudasalodai and Pazhayar landing centers during November 2012 to December 2014.Methods:All the collected echinoderm samples were stored at 4℃until further use.Results:As many as 19 species of echinoderms were recorded in both stations and it belongs to 10 families,three classes such as Asteroidea,Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea.The percentage composition varied from 0.15%to 73%.The species diversity ranged from 1.031 to 2.6;species richness was from 1.02 to 4.06 and species evenness ranged from 0.93 to 0.99.K-dominance curve drawn paralleled the trend of diversity indices.Cluster and multidimensional scaling showed the similarity in echinoderms composition within the stations.Conclusions:The present investigation is evident that the echinoderm occurrence was predominant during the summer season and proved statistically by using SPSS Primer 6.0.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42276103)。
文摘Feeding behavior is regulated by a complex network of endogenous neuropeptides.In chordates,this role is suggested to be under the control of diverse factors including thyrotropin-releasing hormone(TRH).However,whether this regulatory activity of TRH is functionally conserved in non-chordate metazoans,and to what extent this process is underpinned by interactions of TRH with other neuropeptides such as cholecystokinin(CCK,known as a satiety signal),remain unclear.This study investigated the TRH signaling system in the echinoderm Apostichopus japonicus.Bioinformatic analyses and ligand-binding assays identified a functional TRH receptor(AjTRHR)that activated signaling via the MAPK/ERK1/2pathways.Experimental administration of TRH significantly reduced feeding activity,while up-regulating CCK expression.RNA interference(RNAi)experiments confirmed that both CCK and TRH are essential components of satiety signaling,working synergistically to mediate feeding inhibition.Evolutionary analysis of TRHtype peptides revealed greater conservation of the short isoform of TRH compared to the long isoform,probably driven by strong selection acting on the functional redundancy.These findings provide compelling evidence of a TRH-mediated signaling system in non-chordate deuterostomes,expandingourunderstandingof neuropeptide-regulated feeding mechanisms in marine invertebrates.
文摘The abundance, distribution and diversity of epibenthic echinoderm were investigated at Dungonab Bay in the Red Sea coastal water of the Sudan. Four permanent line transects were chosen. Eight (30 × 2) square metre belt transects along each permanent line transect at 20 metre intervals were used to collect data. The data were subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses. Spatial variations of epibenthic echinoderm abundance were assessed with one-way analysis of variance. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering was used to identify and illustrate the similarities in echinoderm abundance between line transects and between belt transects. Indices of richness (d), diversity (H'), evenness (J') and dominance (C) were used to explain the diversity of epibenthic echinoderm species. The distribution pattern of each echinoderm species was determined in each permanent line transect. A total of 986 individuals were recorded within sixteen species of epibenthic echinoderms in the four line transects. Holothuriidae was the dominant family (5 species and 342 individuals). The most abundant echinoderms species was Pearsonothuria graeffei (77 individuals, about 7.81%). Abundances intra-transects and intra-families were insignificant (f = 1.67, p = 0.183, df = 3 and f = 3.24, p = 0.083, df = 9, respectively). The highest values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Pielou evenness index (J'), Margalef species richness index (d), and Simpson Dominance index (C) were 2.738, 0.9875, 2.791 and 0.07159, respectively. The distribution patterns of all species in the study transects varied between clumped and uniform, with the exception of Asthenosoma varium of the Echinothuridae family, which had clumped distribution patterns in all transects. The study concluded that Dungonab Bay supports rich and diverse communities of epibenthic echinoderms.
基金The Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.LQ17H160005.
文摘BACKGROUND Rearrangements of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)gene(ALK-positive)represent an oncogenic driver in approximately 3%-5%of non-small-lung cancer(NSCLC)patients.Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease,and its reported incidence in Asia is 1 or less per 100000 people per year.The co-occurrence of sarcoidosis and ALK-positive NSCLC is rare,and ALK-positive lung cancer is likely to spread quickly.Therefore,the co-occurrence of sarcoidosis is more easily misdiagnosed as metastatic lung cancer by radiological examination.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old man had a nodule in the left superior lobe,many small nodules in left superior and right lungs,and enlarged bilateral hilar,mediastinal,and right supraclavicular lymph nodes.Computed tomography-guided pulmonary biopsy of the nodule in the left superior lobe revealed echinoderm microtubuleassociated protein-like 4 gene-ALK positive NSCLC with concomitant noncaseating granuloma.This patient was treated with crizotinib.Thirty days later,a chest computed tomography scan revealed a dramatic decrease in the size of the left superior lobe nodule;however,the lesions in the right lung progressed.The right supraclavicular lymph nodes showed granulomas,and no tumor cells were identified in the specimens. The angiotensin-converting enzyme level was high.After 1 wk of methylprednisolone treatment, a significant response of all lesionswas revealed. Following radical resection of the lung cancer, noncaseatinggranulomas were observed in both lung tissues and lymph nodes, which resultedin a diagnosis of echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-ALK positiveNSCLC accompanied with sarcoidosis.CONCLUSIONOur experience illustrates that pathological evidence is needed to confirmmetastatic disease, especially when some suspected metastatic lesions arenegative for malignancy.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Human Resources and Development Govt.of India for the financial assistance,Grant No:G4(1)/1630/2013.
文摘Objective:To study the echinoderms diversity in Mudasalodai and Pazhayar landing centers during November 2012 to December 2014.Methods:All the collected echinoderm samples were stored at 4℃until further use.Results:As many as 19 species of echinoderms were recorded in both stations and it belongs to 10 families,three classes such as Asteroidea,Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea.The percentage composition varied from 0.15%to 73%.The species diversity ranged from 1.031 to 2.6;species richness was from 1.02 to 4.06 and species evenness ranged from 0.93 to 0.99.K-dominance curve drawn paralleled the trend of diversity indices.Cluster and multidimensional scaling showed the similarity in echinoderms composition within the stations.Conclusions:The present investigation is evident that the echinoderm occurrence was predominant during the summer season and proved statistically by using SPSS Primer 6.0.
