Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT)is a conversational service that uses artificial intelligence and is also known as a chatbot.ChatGPT and similar applications have the potential to be a tool that can be...Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT)is a conversational service that uses artificial intelligence and is also known as a chatbot.ChatGPT and similar applications have the potential to be a tool that can be used in the field of psychiatry.Eating disorders affect a large number of individuals worldwide.Tools that encourage and support people with eating disorders to seek mental health services may be critical to helping them get the care they need.However,body image,defined as the totality of a person's thoughts and perceptions about their physical appearance,has been linked to a variety of health problems,particularly among young adults,about eating disorders.There is limited literature on how chatbots respond to or provide information about body image.Preventing eating disorders before they occur is also of great importance.However,young adults who struggle with body image perception may be misled by the information produced by ChatGPT.Studies have yet to clarify whether a chatbot can improve eating disorder-related factors,eating disorder psychopathology,depression,and anxiety or detect eating disorders in advance.This study focuses on the accuracy of ChatGPT in providing information regarding eating disorders and its potential effects on body image perception.展开更多
Hello,everyone! Now I want to talk about my eating habits.Healthy eating habits mean a lot to everyone.First,I have three meals a day.For breakfast,I like eggs,milk and noodles.For lunch,I prefer rice,vegetables,beef ...Hello,everyone! Now I want to talk about my eating habits.Healthy eating habits mean a lot to everyone.First,I have three meals a day.For breakfast,I like eggs,milk and noodles.For lunch,I prefer rice,vegetables,beef and fish.And also there are snacks in the afternoon.I often have porridge or noodles.Water and fruit are necessary in my daily life.They are good for my health.展开更多
BACKGROUND A diagnosis of a chronic disease has been shown to predispose patients to the development of feeding and eating disorders(FEDs).AIM To screen children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)for ...BACKGROUND A diagnosis of a chronic disease has been shown to predispose patients to the development of feeding and eating disorders(FEDs).AIM To screen children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)for FEDs and compare them to their counterparts with short stature.METHODS A total of 110 children and adolescents(55 with T1DM and 55 with short stature)were enrolled in the study.The SCOFF questionnaire was used to screen for possible FEDs,while anthropometric and dietary data were also collected.RESULTS Approximately 60%of the children with T1DM screened positive for FEDs compared to 30.9%of the children with short stature.Having a T1DM tripled the chances of screening positive for FEDs and halved the annual growth rate of children with T1DM.No differences were noted in the dietary intake between groups.CONCLUSION The results necessitate the education of pediatric endocrinologists and diabetologists on proper screening and identification of children at risk for developing FEDs.A prompt diagnosis might help children catch up growth and attain their genetically predisposed height.展开更多
BACKGROUND Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children globally,negatively impacting their physical and mental growth.Although common characteristics distinguish peaky eaters,including food selectivity...BACKGROUND Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children globally,negatively impacting their physical and mental growth.Although common characteristics distinguish peaky eaters,including food selectivity,food neophobia,and food avoidance,there is no clear definition to assess this behavior.Due to the unavailability of data regarding picky eating,it wasn’t easy to estimate its prevalence.AIM To develop a regional protocol to help healthcare professionals identify and manage mild and moderate picky eating cases.METHODS A virtual roundtable discussion was held in April 2021 to gather the opinions of seven pediatricians and two pediatric dietitians from eight Middle Eastern countries who had great experience in the management of picky eating.The discussion covered different topics,including clearly defining mild and moderate picky eating,identifying the role of diet fortification in these cases,and the possibility of developing a systematic approach to diet fortification.RESULTS The panel identified picky eating as consuming an inadequate amount and variety of foods by rejecting familiar and unfamiliar food.Most of the time,moderate picky eating cases had micronutrient deficiencies with over-or undernutrition;the mild cases only showed inadequate food consumption and/or poor diet quality.Paying attention to the organic red flags like growth faltering and development delay and behavioral red flags,including food fixation and anticipatory gagging,will help healthcare professionals evaluate the picky eaters and the caregivers to care for their children.Although dietary supplementation and commercial food fortification play an important role in picky eating,they were no benefit in the Middle East.CONCLUSION The panel agreed that food fortification through a food-first approach and oral nutritional supplements would be the best for Middle Eastern children.These recommendations would facilitate identifying and managing picky-eating children in the Middle East.展开更多
Adjustment of the sowing date is a widely used measure in rice production for adapting to high-temperature conditions.However,the impact of a delayed sowing date(DS)on rice quality may vary by variety and ecological c...Adjustment of the sowing date is a widely used measure in rice production for adapting to high-temperature conditions.However,the impact of a delayed sowing date(DS)on rice quality may vary by variety and ecological conditions.In this study,we conducted experiments using four different sowing dates,the conventional sowing date 1(CS1),CS2(10 d later than CS1),DS1(30 d later than CS1),and DS2(30 d later than CS2),and three rice varieties,i.e.,Yixiangyou 2115,Fyou 498,and Chuanyou 6203.This experiment was conducted at four sites in the Sichuan Basin in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the infuence of DS on the pasting properties of rice,which are a proxy for the eating and cooking quality(ECQ).In DS1 and DS2,the rice had a signifcantly greater amylose content(AC)but a lower protein content(PC),peak viscosity(PKV),cool paste viscosity(CPV),and hot paste viscosity(HPV)than in CS1 and CS2.Moreover,except for CS2 and DS1 in 2018,DS1 and DS2 led to 2.15-11.19%reductions in breakdown viscosity(BDV)and 23.46-108.47%increases in setback viscosity(SBV).However,the infuence of DS on rice pasting properties varied by study site and rice variety.In 2019,DS1 and DS2 led to BDV reductions of 2.35-9.33,2.61-8.61,10.03-17.78,and 2.06-8.93%,and SBV increases of 2.32-60.93,63.74-144.24,55.46-91.63,and-8.28-65.37%at the Dayi,Anzhou,Nanbu,and Shehong(except for SBV in CS2 and DS1)sites,respectively.DS resulted in greater reductions in PKV,HPV,CPV,and BDV and greater increases in the AC and SBV for Yixiangyou 2115 than for Chuanyou 6203 and Fyou 498.The correlation analysis indicated that PKV and HPV were signifcantly and positively related to the mean,maximum,and minimum temperatures after heading.These temperatures must be greater than 25.9,31.2,and 22.3℃,respectively,to increase the relative BDV and reduce the relative SBV of rice,thereby enhancing ECQ.In conclusion,DS might contribute to a signifcant deterioration in ECQ in machine-transplanted rice in the Sichuan Basin.A mean temperature above 25.9℃ after heading is required to improve the ECQ of rice.展开更多
Background:Restrained eating,often motivated by the desire to control weight,is prevalent among young female college students and is considered a risk factor for eating disorders.Negative evaluation fear,exacerbated b...Background:Restrained eating,often motivated by the desire to control weight,is prevalent among young female college students and is considered a risk factor for eating disorders.Negative evaluation fear,exacerbated by social pressure,peer comparison,and academic stress,has been identified as a potential contributor to restrained eating behavior.However,research exploring the relationship between negative evaluation fear and restrained eating,particularly in the context of self-esteem and physical appearance perfectionism,remains limited.This study aims to investigate these relationships and design an intervention program to reduce restrained eating behaviors in female college students.Methods:Study 1 involved 617 female college students,using the Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale,Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale,Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale,and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire to measure key variables.We examined the relationships between physical appearance perfectionism,self-esteem,fear of negative evaluation,and restrained eating.In Study 2,a 4-week group psychological intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy(ACT)was implemented with 45 students,divided into experimental,control,and placebo groups.The intervention’s effectiveness was assessed in reducing restrained eating and negative evaluation fear.Results:The study found that fear of negative evaluation significantly predicted restrained eating and physical appearance perfectionism.Physical appearance perfectionism,in turn,positively predicted restrained eating and partially mediated the relationship between negative evaluation fear and restrained eating.Self-esteem moderated this mediation effect.Additionally,the ACT-based intervention significantly reduced fear of negative evaluation and restrained eating behavior in the experimental group.Conclusion:This study identifies fear of negative evaluation and physical appearance perfectionism as key predictors of restrained eating in female college students.Fear of negative evaluation significantly predicted restrained eating,with physical appearance perfectionism partially mediating this relationship.The ACT-based intervention effectively reduced both fear of negative evaluation and restrained eating.These findings highlight the importance of addressing negative evaluation fear and appearance perfectionism in interventions for restrained eating.展开更多
Background:Occupational burnout is associated with diminished psychological flexibility and higher emotional(EE)and uncontrolled eating(UE).Psychological flexibility could be a mediating factor between burnout and eat...Background:Occupational burnout is associated with diminished psychological flexibility and higher emotional(EE)and uncontrolled eating(UE).Psychological flexibility could be a mediating factor between burnout and eating behaviour.Objectives:To investigate differences in eating behaviour between those with different levels of psychological flexibility,and the association of the interaction between psychological flexibility and occupational burnout with eating behaviour.Design:The participants were working women(n=263),who took part in the randomized controlled health intervention trial.Analyses were performed in a cross-sectional setting at baseline.Methods:Eating behaviour was measured using the Three Factor Eating Behaviour Questionnaire-18[which evaluates EE,UE and cognitive restraint(CR)],psychological flexibility using Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II and occupational burnout using Bergen Burnout Indicator-15.Participants were divided into four groups based on the quartile points of psychological flexibility.Results:The EE of those who were inflexible was higher than that of those whose flexibility was high moderate(p=0.013)and who were flexible(p=0.001).The UE of those who were inflexible was higher than the UE in the other groups with higher flexibility[low moderate(p=0.034),high moderate(p een occupational burnout and EE and UE.Multivariate analysis of variances revealed that the combination of psychological flexibility and burnout had a stronger association with the variances of EE and UE than psychological flexibility alone.Conclusions:Persons who are psychologically inflexible have higher EE and UE.Future studies should investigate if increasing psychological flexibility helps decrease EE and UE.展开更多
BACKGROUND Binge-eating disorder(BED)is a clinical syndrome and is considered the most common type of eating disorder.However,our understanding of the global performance and progress of BED research is limited.AIM To ...BACKGROUND Binge-eating disorder(BED)is a clinical syndrome and is considered the most common type of eating disorder.However,our understanding of the global performance and progress of BED research is limited.AIM To describe and perform a bibliometric analysis of the state of BED research.METHODS The term‘Binge eating’was searched in the title throughout the previous year’s up to December 31,2020.We searched the Scopus and Reference Citation Analysis for publications on Binge eating.The VOSviewer software version 1.6.17 was used to produce the network visualization map of the most frequent author,collaborative relationships between countries/regions,and to determine the hotspots related to binge eating research.In addition,conventional bibliometric indicators were generated.RESULTS The search strategy found 2713 total articles and an average of 62 articles per year.Among them,‘Article’represented 82.49%of the publications(n=2238 articles)and was the most frequent type,followed by reviews(n=243;8.96%).The number of publications increased steadily during the last decade of the study period.One hundred and thirty-two countries contributed to binge eating research,with 1495(55.11%)articles published in the United States,followed by Italy with 256(9.44%),the United Kingdom with 183(6.75%),and Germany with 182(6.71%).Currently,the main hot topics related to BED are‘type of treatment and management and treatment provided to BED”;“processes and pathways to binge eating”;and‘diagnosis,signs and symptoms,comorbidities and prevalence and associated factors with BED’.CONCLUSION The number of publications has increased noticeably during the previous decade.There are indeed relatively few publications on BED from low-and middle-income nations,so much is to be learned from the experience of all countries.Studies on this topic are critical in all countries to discover risk factors and effective intervention measures.Although our findings are preliminary,they imply that the future prospects for interventions aimed at BED management are bright,focusing on complex models of care and long-term maintenance of therapeutic gains.展开更多
Neurophysiological and behavioral similarities have been evidenced between excessive food consumption leading to obesity and addiction to other substances. In accordance, food addiction was defined following the DSM-I...Neurophysiological and behavioral similarities have been evidenced between excessive food consumption leading to obesity and addiction to other substances. In accordance, food addiction was defined following the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for substance dependence. The aim of this pilot study was to identify a subgroup of women suffering from food addiction (n = 11), and to compare them to women suffering from substance-use disorder (n = 23), and to women seeking treatment for compulsive overeating but free from food addiction (n = 12) on addiction-related characteristics (reward sensitivity, impulsivity, personality traits, depression, emotion dysregulation). We hypothesized that women with food addiction would be similar to women with substance-use disorders, and different from women with compulsive overeating without food addiction. Participants completed self-reported questionnaires assessing food addiction and other variables related to addiction. Almost half (47.8%) of women with compulsive overeating fulfilled the criteria for food addiction. Although food addiction does not account for every case of compulsive overeating, it characterizes a specific subgroup of overweight/obese women who show more severe overeating. Women with food addiction seem to be more similar to women suffering from substance-use disorders than to other women with overeating difficulties, particularly regarding impulsivity and self-directedness.展开更多
The brain regions associated with binge-eating disorder (BED) and those targeted by Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) overlap. The present paper reviews the psychobehavioural and neuropharmacological mechanisms at play in BED an...The brain regions associated with binge-eating disorder (BED) and those targeted by Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) overlap. The present paper reviews the psychobehavioural and neuropharmacological mechanisms at play in BED and compulsive eating behaviours, along with the mechanisms of action LDX is thought to play. We present one case of chronic BED and highlight the EEG scans pre- and post-LDX treatment. The normalization of the patient’s electroencephalogy (EEG) activity associated with BED after LDX supports theorized mechanisms of LDX action, further explaining its efficacy in treatment. A significant decrease in theta band power was observed in the patient after treatment with LDX. Specifically, this decrease was modulated by changes in the F8 electrode corresponding to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)—An area associated with deficits in inhibitory function, seen in addictions and BED. A better understanding of the psychobehavioural and neuropharmacological mechanisms involved in BED and LDX treatment has the potential to significantly enhance our knowledge of the underlying pathogenesis, potential prevention, and optimal treatment options for patients.展开更多
The prevalence of concerns about food and body weight among non-elite multisport endurance athletes is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of symptoms and concerns related to disordered eating and the...The prevalence of concerns about food and body weight among non-elite multisport endurance athletes is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of symptoms and concerns related to disordered eating and their association with performance among 162 non-elite athletes involved in multisport endurance summer and winter events. Self-reported symptoms and concerns related to disordered eating were assessed using the Eating Attitudes Test-26 （EAT-26） questionnaire. The mean EAT-26 score （~ SEM） was 6.5 ~ 0.5 and only 9 athletes （5.6%） scored 20 arbitrary units or above. In multivariate regression stepwise analyses, the EAT-26 score （~ = 0.145, P = 0.0003） significantly predicted percent ranking. These findings suggest that the prevalence of self-reported symptoms of disordered eating is low among non-elite multisport endurance athletes. However, greater concerns regarding food intake and body weight may be associated with poorer performance even among non-elite athletes with normal BMI values and at the lower end of the EAT-26 score.展开更多
Appetizing peculiarities are formed from childhood and can vary throughout life. Although they are conditioned by genetic factors, over time, the internal regulation of eating behaviors is reduced, being influenced by...Appetizing peculiarities are formed from childhood and can vary throughout life. Although they are conditioned by genetic factors, over time, the internal regulation of eating behaviors is reduced, being influenced by a complex interaction of various external factors. According to the Behavioral Susceptibility (BST) Theory of Obesity, Food Sensitivity in Response to Food Stimuli (such as Food Sight and Smell) and Satiety Responsiveness (i.e. the ability to adjust diet in response to internal feelings of satiety) contribute to individual differences in terms of energy intake and weight status. The present research intended to assess the eating patterns and behavior of Moldovan students, especially those from Technical University of Moldova during the social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted, based on the questionnaires (AEBQ—Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire), on a group of 602 students from Technical University of Moldova. Participation in the survey was entirely voluntary, did not involve any invasive procedure, nor did it induce changes in participants’ food patterns. The obtained results could contribute to the formation of the database for the study of the behavioral phenotype associated with the risk of obesity, but also for the study of eating behavior in crises. The questionnaire was distributed, in the form of a link, on the corporate emails of all TUM students. Respondents completed the questionnaire on the Google platform between 13.10.2021 - 25.11.2021, and the final database has been downloaded as a Microsoft Excel file. It was established a positive correlation between, Emotional Over-Eating and Emotional Under-Eating. Nervousness and anger were the most incriminating emotions of students that would cause both overeating and under eating. The results of the AEBQ questionnaire appear to be largely in line with previous studies, and the collected data present interest, in particular to prevent the risk of obesity.展开更多
To understand the effect of nitrogen(N) fertilizer on rice(Oryza sativa L.) eating and cooking quality(ECQ). Here, we investigated the ECQ attributes, physicochemical foundation of ECQ, and amylopectin fine structure ...To understand the effect of nitrogen(N) fertilizer on rice(Oryza sativa L.) eating and cooking quality(ECQ). Here, we investigated the ECQ attributes, physicochemical foundation of ECQ, and amylopectin fine structure of two Waxy(Wx) alleles japonica rice cultivars Nanjing 9108(NJ9108) and Huaidao 5(HD5) under four N rates(0, 150, 300, and 450 kg ha^-1). Sensory and pasting properties of the two cultivars varied depending on N rates. Compared with the control(0 kg ha^-1), the overall eating quality and sensory value were significantly decreased under the N rates of 300 and 450 kg ha^-1. Further, conventional descriptive analysis showed that the stickiness and retrogradation of cooked rice were significantly decreased. These results indicated that application of N fertilizer seems to affect the texture of cooked rice, causing it to be less sticky, lowering its retrogradation, and consequently reducing its palatability. Results from rapid visco analyzer(RVA) revealed that the peak and breakdown viscosities significantly decreased, while the setback viscosity and peak time increased under the N rates of 300 and 450 kg ha^-1. However, no significant difference was observed when the N rate was 150 kg ha^-1, indicating that less N fertilization can maintain rice ECQ. As the N rate increasing, protein content increased, whereas apparent amylose content, starch content, and gel consistency almost unchanged. Interestingly, compared with the control, under N treatments, the percentage of short amylopectin branches in NJ9108 was decreased, but increased in HD5, as controlled by amylopectin synthesis-related genes. Notably, SSI and BEIIb were down-regulated in NJ9108, whereas BEIIb was up-regulated in HD5. Thus, the palatability of both rice cultivars was significantly decreased under excessive N fertilization as a consequence of reduced stickiness and retrogradation of the cooked rice, which might have resulted from an elevated protein content and altered amylopectin fine structure. In addition, amylopectin synthesis appeared to be affected by N fertilizer and the genotype of the rice cultivar.展开更多
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of chalkiness on cooking, eating and nutrition qualities of rice using Gangyou 527 （indica hybrid rice） and Zhaiyeqing 8 （conventional indica rice） as materia...An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of chalkiness on cooking, eating and nutrition qualities of rice using Gangyou 527 （indica hybrid rice） and Zhaiyeqing 8 （conventional indica rice） as materials. Compared with the milled rice without chalkiness, amylose content, final viscosity, setback and consistence increased significantly, while gel consistence, peak viscosity and breakdown decreased remarkably and other RVA values did not have significant changes in the chalky rice of Gangyou 527. The differences in the above indices between the chalky and non-chalky rice was not remarkable in Zhaiyeqing 8. The crude protein content of chalky rice in Zhaiyeqing 8 was significantly lower than that of non-chalky rice, but there was no remarkable change between the chalky and non-chalky rice in Gangyou 527. Glutelin content fell significantly, and albumin, globulin, prolamine and lysine contents did not change significantly in chalky rice compared with non-chalky rice in the two varieties.展开更多
Japonica rice variety Kanto 194 as the donor of resistance gene Stv-b^i and Iow-amylose content gene Wx-mq was used to improve the resistance and eating quality of Wuyujing 3 by the breeding strategy of backcross. In ...Japonica rice variety Kanto 194 as the donor of resistance gene Stv-b^i and Iow-amylose content gene Wx-mq was used to improve the resistance and eating quality of Wuyujing 3 by the breeding strategy of backcross. In continuous backcross and selfcross generations, the related molecular markers with Stvobi and Wx-mq genes were utilized for genotypic detection by associated with resistance identification of rice stripe disease and agronomic traits selection. Finally, 10 improved lines with homozygous genotype Stv-b^i Stv-b^iWx-mqWx-mq were obtained from BC3F4 generation. The results of comparative analysis indicated that most characters of these lines were consistent with those of recipient parent Wuyujing 3, except for the improved resistance, appearance and eating quality. By evaluation of the comprehensive performance of them, two excellent lines K01 and K04 were selected for further experiments.展开更多
Correlation among physicochemical properties, which include amylose content, alkali spreading values, gel consistency, water absorption, expansion rate, solid content of rice-water, protein content and fat content, an...Correlation among physicochemical properties, which include amylose content, alkali spreading values, gel consistency, water absorption, expansion rate, solid content of rice-water, protein content and fat content, and eating qualities of six kinds of rice samples planted in Heilongjiang Province were studied. Correlation analysis showed that amylose content, water absorption and expansion rate were negatively correlated with eating qualities, yet gel consistency, alkali spreading values, solid content of rice-water and fat content were positively correlated with eating qualities. Among them, eating quality had an obvious correlation with amylose content and gel consistency, but no significant correlation with protein content. The regression equation, which described the relationship of the eating quality scores and physicochemical indexes, was Y=94.439–12.711X1–23.721X2–0.701X3＋0.570X4＋186.938X5（X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 represented amylose content, water absorption, expansion rate gel, consistency and fat content）. The single factor analysis of variance showed that six kinds of rice existed significant differences in quality category.展开更多
AIM:To compare the prevalence of Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs)using ROMEⅢand ROMEⅡand to describe predictors of FGIDs among eating disorder(ED)patients.METHODS:Two similar cohorts of female ED inpatie...AIM:To compare the prevalence of Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs)using ROMEⅢand ROMEⅡand to describe predictors of FGIDs among eating disorder(ED)patients.METHODS:Two similar cohorts of female ED inpatients,aged 17-50 years,with no organic gastrointestinal or systemic disorders,completed either the ROMEⅢ(n=100)or the ROMEⅡ(n=160)questionnaire on admission for ED treatment.The two ROME cohorts were compared on continuous demographic variables(e.g.,age,BMI)using Student’s t-tests,and on categorical variables(e.g.,ED diagnosis)usingχ2-tests.The relationship between ED diagnostic subtypes and FGID categories was explored usingχ2-tests.Age,BMI,and psychological and behavioural predictors of the common(prevalence greater than 20%)ROMEⅢFGIDs were tested using logistic regression analyses.RESULTS:The criteria for at least one FGID were fulfilled by 83%of the ROMEⅢcohort,and 94%of the ROMEⅡcohort.There were no significant differences in age,BMI,lowest ever BMI,ED diagnostic subtypes or ED-related quality of life(QOL)scores between ROMEⅡand ROMEⅢcohorts.The most prevalent FGIDs using ROMEⅢwere postprandial distress syndrome(PDS)(45%)and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)(41%),followed by unspecified functional bowel disorders(U-FBD)(24%),and functional heartburn(FH)(22%).There was a 29%or 46%increase(depending on presence or absence of cyclic vomiting)in functional gastroduodenal disorders because of the introduction of PDS in ROMEⅢcompared to ROMEⅡ.There was a 35%decrease in functional bowel disorders(FBD)in RomeⅢ(excluding U-FBD)compared to ROMEⅡ.The most significant predictor of PDS was starvation(P=0.008).The predictor of FH(P=0.021)and U-FBD(P=0.007)was somatisation,and of IBS laxative use(P=0.025).Age and BMI were not significant predictors.The addition of the 6-mo duration of symptoms requirement for a diagnosis in ROMEⅢadded precision to many FGIDs.CONCLUSION:ROMEⅢconfers higher precision in diagnosing FGIDs but self-induced vomiting should be excluded from the diagnosis of cyclic vomiting.Psychological factors appear to be more influential in ROMEⅡthan ROMEⅢ.展开更多
Weakened capability of eating and swallowing is common among elderly population,affecting negatively on their health and well-being.This work measured occlusal force and tongue muscle strength of elderly patients and ...Weakened capability of eating and swallowing is common among elderly population,affecting negatively on their health and well-being.This work measured occlusal force and tongue muscle strength of elderly patients and then assessed whether correlations existed between oral physiological properties and the eating and swallowing capability.A total of 26 elderly patients with potential swallow disorder were recruited in this work.Participants’denture status and daily diet texture were determined by a pre-questionnaire analysis.Their swallowing capability was assessed and rated by water drinking test.Maximum tongue pressure,incisor occlusal force and hand gripping force were measured for each subject.It was observed that participating subjects have on average a significantly lower biting force and maximum tongue pressure than that of normal adults.The swallowing grades assessed by water drinking test showed significant correlations with both the biting force(r=−0.498,P<0.05)and the tongue muscle strength(r=−0.544,P<0.05).The biting force of dysphagia participants correlates significantly with dental conditions(P<0.05).The observed correlation between tongue pressure and diet texture indicates that tongue muscle strength could be used as a reliable indicator of the eating and swallowing capability for elderly people.展开更多
Eating disorders(ED) are characterized by a persistent disturbance of eating that impairs health or psychosocial functioning.They are associated with increased rates of medical complications and mortality.Insulin omis...Eating disorders(ED) are characterized by a persistent disturbance of eating that impairs health or psychosocial functioning.They are associated with increased rates of medical complications and mortality.Insulin omission is a unique purging behavior available to individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM).The standard treatment regimen for T1 DM requires a major focus on food andeating patterns.Moreover,intensive insulin therapy is associated with increasing body weight.These factors,combined with the psychological burden of chronic disease management and depression,may contribute to ED.The comorbidity of ED in T1 DM patients is associated with poorer glycemic control and consequently higher rates of diabetes complications.Early recognition and adequate treatment of ED in T1 DM is essential.展开更多
Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus are at high risk for disordered eating behaviors (DEB). Due to the fact that type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic illnesses of childhood and adolescence, th...Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus are at high risk for disordered eating behaviors (DEB). Due to the fact that type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic illnesses of childhood and adolescence, the coexistence of eating disorders (ED) and diabetes often affects adolescents and young adults. Since weight management during this state of development can be especially diff icult for those with type 1 diabetes, some diabetics may restrict or omit insulin, a condition known as diabulimia, as a form of weight control. It has been clearly shown that ED in type 1 diabetics are associated with impaired metabolic control, more frequent episodes of ketoacidosis and an earlier than expected onset of diabetes-related microvascular complications, particularly retinopathy. The management of these conditions requires a multidisciplinary team formed by an endocrinologist/diabetologist, a nurse educator, a nutritionist, a psychologist and, frequently, a psychiatrist. The treatment of type 1 diabetes patients with DEB and ED should have the following compo- nents: diabetes treatment, nutritional management and psychological therapy. A high index of suspicion of the presence of an eating disturbance, particularly among those patients with persistent poor metabolic control, repeated episodes of ketoacidosis and/or weight andshape concerns are recommended in the initial stage of diabetes treatment, especially in young women. Given the extent of the problem and the severe medical risk associated with it, more clinical and technological research aimed to improve its treatment is critical to the future health of this at-risk population.展开更多
文摘Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer(ChatGPT)is a conversational service that uses artificial intelligence and is also known as a chatbot.ChatGPT and similar applications have the potential to be a tool that can be used in the field of psychiatry.Eating disorders affect a large number of individuals worldwide.Tools that encourage and support people with eating disorders to seek mental health services may be critical to helping them get the care they need.However,body image,defined as the totality of a person's thoughts and perceptions about their physical appearance,has been linked to a variety of health problems,particularly among young adults,about eating disorders.There is limited literature on how chatbots respond to or provide information about body image.Preventing eating disorders before they occur is also of great importance.However,young adults who struggle with body image perception may be misled by the information produced by ChatGPT.Studies have yet to clarify whether a chatbot can improve eating disorder-related factors,eating disorder psychopathology,depression,and anxiety or detect eating disorders in advance.This study focuses on the accuracy of ChatGPT in providing information regarding eating disorders and its potential effects on body image perception.
文摘Hello,everyone! Now I want to talk about my eating habits.Healthy eating habits mean a lot to everyone.First,I have three meals a day.For breakfast,I like eggs,milk and noodles.For lunch,I prefer rice,vegetables,beef and fish.And also there are snacks in the afternoon.I often have porridge or noodles.Water and fruit are necessary in my daily life.They are good for my health.
文摘BACKGROUND A diagnosis of a chronic disease has been shown to predispose patients to the development of feeding and eating disorders(FEDs).AIM To screen children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)for FEDs and compare them to their counterparts with short stature.METHODS A total of 110 children and adolescents(55 with T1DM and 55 with short stature)were enrolled in the study.The SCOFF questionnaire was used to screen for possible FEDs,while anthropometric and dietary data were also collected.RESULTS Approximately 60%of the children with T1DM screened positive for FEDs compared to 30.9%of the children with short stature.Having a T1DM tripled the chances of screening positive for FEDs and halved the annual growth rate of children with T1DM.No differences were noted in the dietary intake between groups.CONCLUSION The results necessitate the education of pediatric endocrinologists and diabetologists on proper screening and identification of children at risk for developing FEDs.A prompt diagnosis might help children catch up growth and attain their genetically predisposed height.
文摘BACKGROUND Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children globally,negatively impacting their physical and mental growth.Although common characteristics distinguish peaky eaters,including food selectivity,food neophobia,and food avoidance,there is no clear definition to assess this behavior.Due to the unavailability of data regarding picky eating,it wasn’t easy to estimate its prevalence.AIM To develop a regional protocol to help healthcare professionals identify and manage mild and moderate picky eating cases.METHODS A virtual roundtable discussion was held in April 2021 to gather the opinions of seven pediatricians and two pediatric dietitians from eight Middle Eastern countries who had great experience in the management of picky eating.The discussion covered different topics,including clearly defining mild and moderate picky eating,identifying the role of diet fortification in these cases,and the possibility of developing a systematic approach to diet fortification.RESULTS The panel identified picky eating as consuming an inadequate amount and variety of foods by rejecting familiar and unfamiliar food.Most of the time,moderate picky eating cases had micronutrient deficiencies with over-or undernutrition;the mild cases only showed inadequate food consumption and/or poor diet quality.Paying attention to the organic red flags like growth faltering and development delay and behavioral red flags,including food fixation and anticipatory gagging,will help healthcare professionals evaluate the picky eaters and the caregivers to care for their children.Although dietary supplementation and commercial food fortification play an important role in picky eating,they were no benefit in the Middle East.CONCLUSION The panel agreed that food fortification through a food-first approach and oral nutritional supplements would be the best for Middle Eastern children.These recommendations would facilitate identifying and managing picky-eating children in the Middle East.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2022 and 32372217)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2300700)the Free Exploration Program of State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Sichuan Basin,China(SKL-ZY202216)。
文摘Adjustment of the sowing date is a widely used measure in rice production for adapting to high-temperature conditions.However,the impact of a delayed sowing date(DS)on rice quality may vary by variety and ecological conditions.In this study,we conducted experiments using four different sowing dates,the conventional sowing date 1(CS1),CS2(10 d later than CS1),DS1(30 d later than CS1),and DS2(30 d later than CS2),and three rice varieties,i.e.,Yixiangyou 2115,Fyou 498,and Chuanyou 6203.This experiment was conducted at four sites in the Sichuan Basin in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the infuence of DS on the pasting properties of rice,which are a proxy for the eating and cooking quality(ECQ).In DS1 and DS2,the rice had a signifcantly greater amylose content(AC)but a lower protein content(PC),peak viscosity(PKV),cool paste viscosity(CPV),and hot paste viscosity(HPV)than in CS1 and CS2.Moreover,except for CS2 and DS1 in 2018,DS1 and DS2 led to 2.15-11.19%reductions in breakdown viscosity(BDV)and 23.46-108.47%increases in setback viscosity(SBV).However,the infuence of DS on rice pasting properties varied by study site and rice variety.In 2019,DS1 and DS2 led to BDV reductions of 2.35-9.33,2.61-8.61,10.03-17.78,and 2.06-8.93%,and SBV increases of 2.32-60.93,63.74-144.24,55.46-91.63,and-8.28-65.37%at the Dayi,Anzhou,Nanbu,and Shehong(except for SBV in CS2 and DS1)sites,respectively.DS resulted in greater reductions in PKV,HPV,CPV,and BDV and greater increases in the AC and SBV for Yixiangyou 2115 than for Chuanyou 6203 and Fyou 498.The correlation analysis indicated that PKV and HPV were signifcantly and positively related to the mean,maximum,and minimum temperatures after heading.These temperatures must be greater than 25.9,31.2,and 22.3℃,respectively,to increase the relative BDV and reduce the relative SBV of rice,thereby enhancing ECQ.In conclusion,DS might contribute to a signifcant deterioration in ECQ in machine-transplanted rice in the Sichuan Basin.A mean temperature above 25.9℃ after heading is required to improve the ECQ of rice.
文摘Background:Restrained eating,often motivated by the desire to control weight,is prevalent among young female college students and is considered a risk factor for eating disorders.Negative evaluation fear,exacerbated by social pressure,peer comparison,and academic stress,has been identified as a potential contributor to restrained eating behavior.However,research exploring the relationship between negative evaluation fear and restrained eating,particularly in the context of self-esteem and physical appearance perfectionism,remains limited.This study aims to investigate these relationships and design an intervention program to reduce restrained eating behaviors in female college students.Methods:Study 1 involved 617 female college students,using the Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale,Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale,Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale,and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire to measure key variables.We examined the relationships between physical appearance perfectionism,self-esteem,fear of negative evaluation,and restrained eating.In Study 2,a 4-week group psychological intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy(ACT)was implemented with 45 students,divided into experimental,control,and placebo groups.The intervention’s effectiveness was assessed in reducing restrained eating and negative evaluation fear.Results:The study found that fear of negative evaluation significantly predicted restrained eating and physical appearance perfectionism.Physical appearance perfectionism,in turn,positively predicted restrained eating and partially mediated the relationship between negative evaluation fear and restrained eating.Self-esteem moderated this mediation effect.Additionally,the ACT-based intervention significantly reduced fear of negative evaluation and restrained eating behavior in the experimental group.Conclusion:This study identifies fear of negative evaluation and physical appearance perfectionism as key predictors of restrained eating in female college students.Fear of negative evaluation significantly predicted restrained eating,with physical appearance perfectionism partially mediating this relationship.The ACT-based intervention effectively reduced both fear of negative evaluation and restrained eating.These findings highlight the importance of addressing negative evaluation fear and appearance perfectionism in interventions for restrained eating.
文摘Background:Occupational burnout is associated with diminished psychological flexibility and higher emotional(EE)and uncontrolled eating(UE).Psychological flexibility could be a mediating factor between burnout and eating behaviour.Objectives:To investigate differences in eating behaviour between those with different levels of psychological flexibility,and the association of the interaction between psychological flexibility and occupational burnout with eating behaviour.Design:The participants were working women(n=263),who took part in the randomized controlled health intervention trial.Analyses were performed in a cross-sectional setting at baseline.Methods:Eating behaviour was measured using the Three Factor Eating Behaviour Questionnaire-18[which evaluates EE,UE and cognitive restraint(CR)],psychological flexibility using Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II and occupational burnout using Bergen Burnout Indicator-15.Participants were divided into four groups based on the quartile points of psychological flexibility.Results:The EE of those who were inflexible was higher than that of those whose flexibility was high moderate(p=0.013)and who were flexible(p=0.001).The UE of those who were inflexible was higher than the UE in the other groups with higher flexibility[low moderate(p=0.034),high moderate(p een occupational burnout and EE and UE.Multivariate analysis of variances revealed that the combination of psychological flexibility and burnout had a stronger association with the variances of EE and UE than psychological flexibility alone.Conclusions:Persons who are psychologically inflexible have higher EE and UE.Future studies should investigate if increasing psychological flexibility helps decrease EE and UE.
文摘BACKGROUND Binge-eating disorder(BED)is a clinical syndrome and is considered the most common type of eating disorder.However,our understanding of the global performance and progress of BED research is limited.AIM To describe and perform a bibliometric analysis of the state of BED research.METHODS The term‘Binge eating’was searched in the title throughout the previous year’s up to December 31,2020.We searched the Scopus and Reference Citation Analysis for publications on Binge eating.The VOSviewer software version 1.6.17 was used to produce the network visualization map of the most frequent author,collaborative relationships between countries/regions,and to determine the hotspots related to binge eating research.In addition,conventional bibliometric indicators were generated.RESULTS The search strategy found 2713 total articles and an average of 62 articles per year.Among them,‘Article’represented 82.49%of the publications(n=2238 articles)and was the most frequent type,followed by reviews(n=243;8.96%).The number of publications increased steadily during the last decade of the study period.One hundred and thirty-two countries contributed to binge eating research,with 1495(55.11%)articles published in the United States,followed by Italy with 256(9.44%),the United Kingdom with 183(6.75%),and Germany with 182(6.71%).Currently,the main hot topics related to BED are‘type of treatment and management and treatment provided to BED”;“processes and pathways to binge eating”;and‘diagnosis,signs and symptoms,comorbidities and prevalence and associated factors with BED’.CONCLUSION The number of publications has increased noticeably during the previous decade.There are indeed relatively few publications on BED from low-and middle-income nations,so much is to be learned from the experience of all countries.Studies on this topic are critical in all countries to discover risk factors and effective intervention measures.Although our findings are preliminary,they imply that the future prospects for interventions aimed at BED management are bright,focusing on complex models of care and long-term maintenance of therapeutic gains.
文摘Neurophysiological and behavioral similarities have been evidenced between excessive food consumption leading to obesity and addiction to other substances. In accordance, food addiction was defined following the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for substance dependence. The aim of this pilot study was to identify a subgroup of women suffering from food addiction (n = 11), and to compare them to women suffering from substance-use disorder (n = 23), and to women seeking treatment for compulsive overeating but free from food addiction (n = 12) on addiction-related characteristics (reward sensitivity, impulsivity, personality traits, depression, emotion dysregulation). We hypothesized that women with food addiction would be similar to women with substance-use disorders, and different from women with compulsive overeating without food addiction. Participants completed self-reported questionnaires assessing food addiction and other variables related to addiction. Almost half (47.8%) of women with compulsive overeating fulfilled the criteria for food addiction. Although food addiction does not account for every case of compulsive overeating, it characterizes a specific subgroup of overweight/obese women who show more severe overeating. Women with food addiction seem to be more similar to women suffering from substance-use disorders than to other women with overeating difficulties, particularly regarding impulsivity and self-directedness.
文摘The brain regions associated with binge-eating disorder (BED) and those targeted by Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) overlap. The present paper reviews the psychobehavioural and neuropharmacological mechanisms at play in BED and compulsive eating behaviours, along with the mechanisms of action LDX is thought to play. We present one case of chronic BED and highlight the EEG scans pre- and post-LDX treatment. The normalization of the patient’s electroencephalogy (EEG) activity associated with BED after LDX supports theorized mechanisms of LDX action, further explaining its efficacy in treatment. A significant decrease in theta band power was observed in the patient after treatment with LDX. Specifically, this decrease was modulated by changes in the F8 electrode corresponding to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)—An area associated with deficits in inhibitory function, seen in addictions and BED. A better understanding of the psychobehavioural and neuropharmacological mechanisms involved in BED and LDX treatment has the potential to significantly enhance our knowledge of the underlying pathogenesis, potential prevention, and optimal treatment options for patients.
文摘The prevalence of concerns about food and body weight among non-elite multisport endurance athletes is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of symptoms and concerns related to disordered eating and their association with performance among 162 non-elite athletes involved in multisport endurance summer and winter events. Self-reported symptoms and concerns related to disordered eating were assessed using the Eating Attitudes Test-26 （EAT-26） questionnaire. The mean EAT-26 score （~ SEM） was 6.5 ~ 0.5 and only 9 athletes （5.6%） scored 20 arbitrary units or above. In multivariate regression stepwise analyses, the EAT-26 score （~ = 0.145, P = 0.0003） significantly predicted percent ranking. These findings suggest that the prevalence of self-reported symptoms of disordered eating is low among non-elite multisport endurance athletes. However, greater concerns regarding food intake and body weight may be associated with poorer performance even among non-elite athletes with normal BMI values and at the lower end of the EAT-26 score.
文摘Appetizing peculiarities are formed from childhood and can vary throughout life. Although they are conditioned by genetic factors, over time, the internal regulation of eating behaviors is reduced, being influenced by a complex interaction of various external factors. According to the Behavioral Susceptibility (BST) Theory of Obesity, Food Sensitivity in Response to Food Stimuli (such as Food Sight and Smell) and Satiety Responsiveness (i.e. the ability to adjust diet in response to internal feelings of satiety) contribute to individual differences in terms of energy intake and weight status. The present research intended to assess the eating patterns and behavior of Moldovan students, especially those from Technical University of Moldova during the social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted, based on the questionnaires (AEBQ—Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire), on a group of 602 students from Technical University of Moldova. Participation in the survey was entirely voluntary, did not involve any invasive procedure, nor did it induce changes in participants’ food patterns. The obtained results could contribute to the formation of the database for the study of the behavioral phenotype associated with the risk of obesity, but also for the study of eating behavior in crises. The questionnaire was distributed, in the form of a link, on the corporate emails of all TUM students. Respondents completed the questionnaire on the Google platform between 13.10.2021 - 25.11.2021, and the final database has been downloaded as a Microsoft Excel file. It was established a positive correlation between, Emotional Over-Eating and Emotional Under-Eating. Nervousness and anger were the most incriminating emotions of students that would cause both overeating and under eating. The results of the AEBQ questionnaire appear to be largely in line with previous studies, and the collected data present interest, in particular to prevent the risk of obesity.
基金funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M611753)the earmarked fund for Agriculture Research System of China(CARS-01-62)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2015BAD01B02)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20180302)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China(CX[17]3009)the Project of Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Comprehensive Utilization in South Henan,China(HNKLTCU2018004)。
文摘To understand the effect of nitrogen(N) fertilizer on rice(Oryza sativa L.) eating and cooking quality(ECQ). Here, we investigated the ECQ attributes, physicochemical foundation of ECQ, and amylopectin fine structure of two Waxy(Wx) alleles japonica rice cultivars Nanjing 9108(NJ9108) and Huaidao 5(HD5) under four N rates(0, 150, 300, and 450 kg ha^-1). Sensory and pasting properties of the two cultivars varied depending on N rates. Compared with the control(0 kg ha^-1), the overall eating quality and sensory value were significantly decreased under the N rates of 300 and 450 kg ha^-1. Further, conventional descriptive analysis showed that the stickiness and retrogradation of cooked rice were significantly decreased. These results indicated that application of N fertilizer seems to affect the texture of cooked rice, causing it to be less sticky, lowering its retrogradation, and consequently reducing its palatability. Results from rapid visco analyzer(RVA) revealed that the peak and breakdown viscosities significantly decreased, while the setback viscosity and peak time increased under the N rates of 300 and 450 kg ha^-1. However, no significant difference was observed when the N rate was 150 kg ha^-1, indicating that less N fertilization can maintain rice ECQ. As the N rate increasing, protein content increased, whereas apparent amylose content, starch content, and gel consistency almost unchanged. Interestingly, compared with the control, under N treatments, the percentage of short amylopectin branches in NJ9108 was decreased, but increased in HD5, as controlled by amylopectin synthesis-related genes. Notably, SSI and BEIIb were down-regulated in NJ9108, whereas BEIIb was up-regulated in HD5. Thus, the palatability of both rice cultivars was significantly decreased under excessive N fertilization as a consequence of reduced stickiness and retrogradation of the cooked rice, which might have resulted from an elevated protein content and altered amylopectin fine structure. In addition, amylopectin synthesis appeared to be affected by N fertilizer and the genotype of the rice cultivar.
文摘An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of chalkiness on cooking, eating and nutrition qualities of rice using Gangyou 527 （indica hybrid rice） and Zhaiyeqing 8 （conventional indica rice） as materials. Compared with the milled rice without chalkiness, amylose content, final viscosity, setback and consistence increased significantly, while gel consistence, peak viscosity and breakdown decreased remarkably and other RVA values did not have significant changes in the chalky rice of Gangyou 527. The differences in the above indices between the chalky and non-chalky rice was not remarkable in Zhaiyeqing 8. The crude protein content of chalky rice in Zhaiyeqing 8 was significantly lower than that of non-chalky rice, but there was no remarkable change between the chalky and non-chalky rice in Gangyou 527. Glutelin content fell significantly, and albumin, globulin, prolamine and lysine contents did not change significantly in chalky rice compared with non-chalky rice in the two varieties.
基金supported by the Special Fund of Construction of Modern Agricultural and Industrial Technology System Project (Grant No. CARS-01-47)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (Grant No. 201503002-5-1)the Key Research & Development Program of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BE2015363-3) in China
文摘Japonica rice variety Kanto 194 as the donor of resistance gene Stv-b^i and Iow-amylose content gene Wx-mq was used to improve the resistance and eating quality of Wuyujing 3 by the breeding strategy of backcross. In continuous backcross and selfcross generations, the related molecular markers with Stvobi and Wx-mq genes were utilized for genotypic detection by associated with resistance identification of rice stripe disease and agronomic traits selection. Finally, 10 improved lines with homozygous genotype Stv-b^i Stv-b^iWx-mqWx-mq were obtained from BC3F4 generation. The results of comparative analysis indicated that most characters of these lines were consistent with those of recipient parent Wuyujing 3, except for the improved resistance, appearance and eating quality. By evaluation of the comprehensive performance of them, two excellent lines K01 and K04 were selected for further experiments.
基金Supported by Program for Technological Innovation Research Team in University of Heilongjiang Province(2010td04)
文摘Correlation among physicochemical properties, which include amylose content, alkali spreading values, gel consistency, water absorption, expansion rate, solid content of rice-water, protein content and fat content, and eating qualities of six kinds of rice samples planted in Heilongjiang Province were studied. Correlation analysis showed that amylose content, water absorption and expansion rate were negatively correlated with eating qualities, yet gel consistency, alkali spreading values, solid content of rice-water and fat content were positively correlated with eating qualities. Among them, eating quality had an obvious correlation with amylose content and gel consistency, but no significant correlation with protein content. The regression equation, which described the relationship of the eating quality scores and physicochemical indexes, was Y=94.439–12.711X1–23.721X2–0.701X3＋0.570X4＋186.938X5（X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 represented amylose content, water absorption, expansion rate gel, consistency and fat content）. The single factor analysis of variance showed that six kinds of rice existed significant differences in quality category.
文摘AIM:To compare the prevalence of Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs)using ROMEⅢand ROMEⅡand to describe predictors of FGIDs among eating disorder(ED)patients.METHODS:Two similar cohorts of female ED inpatients,aged 17-50 years,with no organic gastrointestinal or systemic disorders,completed either the ROMEⅢ(n=100)or the ROMEⅡ(n=160)questionnaire on admission for ED treatment.The two ROME cohorts were compared on continuous demographic variables(e.g.,age,BMI)using Student’s t-tests,and on categorical variables(e.g.,ED diagnosis)usingχ2-tests.The relationship between ED diagnostic subtypes and FGID categories was explored usingχ2-tests.Age,BMI,and psychological and behavioural predictors of the common(prevalence greater than 20%)ROMEⅢFGIDs were tested using logistic regression analyses.RESULTS:The criteria for at least one FGID were fulfilled by 83%of the ROMEⅢcohort,and 94%of the ROMEⅡcohort.There were no significant differences in age,BMI,lowest ever BMI,ED diagnostic subtypes or ED-related quality of life(QOL)scores between ROMEⅡand ROMEⅢcohorts.The most prevalent FGIDs using ROMEⅢwere postprandial distress syndrome(PDS)(45%)and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)(41%),followed by unspecified functional bowel disorders(U-FBD)(24%),and functional heartburn(FH)(22%).There was a 29%or 46%increase(depending on presence or absence of cyclic vomiting)in functional gastroduodenal disorders because of the introduction of PDS in ROMEⅢcompared to ROMEⅡ.There was a 35%decrease in functional bowel disorders(FBD)in RomeⅢ(excluding U-FBD)compared to ROMEⅡ.The most significant predictor of PDS was starvation(P=0.008).The predictor of FH(P=0.021)and U-FBD(P=0.007)was somatisation,and of IBS laxative use(P=0.025).Age and BMI were not significant predictors.The addition of the 6-mo duration of symptoms requirement for a diagnosis in ROMEⅢadded precision to many FGIDs.CONCLUSION:ROMEⅢconfers higher precision in diagnosing FGIDs but self-induced vomiting should be excluded from the diagnosis of cyclic vomiting.Psychological factors appear to be more influential in ROMEⅡthan ROMEⅢ.
基金Authors acknowledge a grant support from Chinese Nutrition Society for this project(2015 Chinese Nutrition Society(CNS)Nutrition Research Foundation—DSM Research Fund,grant number:cws201506913).
文摘Weakened capability of eating and swallowing is common among elderly population,affecting negatively on their health and well-being.This work measured occlusal force and tongue muscle strength of elderly patients and then assessed whether correlations existed between oral physiological properties and the eating and swallowing capability.A total of 26 elderly patients with potential swallow disorder were recruited in this work.Participants’denture status and daily diet texture were determined by a pre-questionnaire analysis.Their swallowing capability was assessed and rated by water drinking test.Maximum tongue pressure,incisor occlusal force and hand gripping force were measured for each subject.It was observed that participating subjects have on average a significantly lower biting force and maximum tongue pressure than that of normal adults.The swallowing grades assessed by water drinking test showed significant correlations with both the biting force(r=−0.498,P<0.05)and the tongue muscle strength(r=−0.544,P<0.05).The biting force of dysphagia participants correlates significantly with dental conditions(P<0.05).The observed correlation between tongue pressure and diet texture indicates that tongue muscle strength could be used as a reliable indicator of the eating and swallowing capability for elderly people.
文摘Eating disorders(ED) are characterized by a persistent disturbance of eating that impairs health or psychosocial functioning.They are associated with increased rates of medical complications and mortality.Insulin omission is a unique purging behavior available to individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM).The standard treatment regimen for T1 DM requires a major focus on food andeating patterns.Moreover,intensive insulin therapy is associated with increasing body weight.These factors,combined with the psychological burden of chronic disease management and depression,may contribute to ED.The comorbidity of ED in T1 DM patients is associated with poorer glycemic control and consequently higher rates of diabetes complications.Early recognition and adequate treatment of ED in T1 DM is essential.
基金Supported by a grant from INCITE, Consellería Innovación e Industria, Galician Government
文摘Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus are at high risk for disordered eating behaviors (DEB). Due to the fact that type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic illnesses of childhood and adolescence, the coexistence of eating disorders (ED) and diabetes often affects adolescents and young adults. Since weight management during this state of development can be especially diff icult for those with type 1 diabetes, some diabetics may restrict or omit insulin, a condition known as diabulimia, as a form of weight control. It has been clearly shown that ED in type 1 diabetics are associated with impaired metabolic control, more frequent episodes of ketoacidosis and an earlier than expected onset of diabetes-related microvascular complications, particularly retinopathy. The management of these conditions requires a multidisciplinary team formed by an endocrinologist/diabetologist, a nurse educator, a nutritionist, a psychologist and, frequently, a psychiatrist. The treatment of type 1 diabetes patients with DEB and ED should have the following compo- nents: diabetes treatment, nutritional management and psychological therapy. A high index of suspicion of the presence of an eating disturbance, particularly among those patients with persistent poor metabolic control, repeated episodes of ketoacidosis and/or weight andshape concerns are recommended in the initial stage of diabetes treatment, especially in young women. Given the extent of the problem and the severe medical risk associated with it, more clinical and technological research aimed to improve its treatment is critical to the future health of this at-risk population.
