Based on the study of two Early Pleistocene human skulls found in Yunxian County,Hubei Province,China,Ji et al.(2024)suggested that Homo orientalis was the common ancestor of the sapiens lineage and the longi lineage,...Based on the study of two Early Pleistocene human skulls found in Yunxian County,Hubei Province,China,Ji et al.(2024)suggested that Homo orientalis was the common ancestor of the sapiens lineage and the longi lineage,and proposed that both the two lineages originated from East Asia.We further proposed that Genus Homo should be divided into two subgenera:Subgenus Homo and Subgenus Parahomo.All members of the sapiens lineage would be assigned to Subgenus Homo,and all members of the longi lineage would be grouped into Subgenus Parahomo.Homo(Parahomo)heidelbergensis and Homo(Parahomo)neanderthalensis also were the members of the longi lineage,an evolutionary branch spreaded from East Asia to Africa and Europe more than 600,000 years ago.This paper mainly makes an introduction to the speciation,classification and phylogeny of the longi lineage.The longi lineage and the sapiens lineage are″sister group″relationship,but the longi lineage is an extinct lineage,having nothing to do with our modern people.展开更多
[Objective]As hydrogen energy has gained new momentum recently,analyzing the economic and social impacts of developing a hydrogen energy sector can inform further policy formation and investment decision making in thi...[Objective]As hydrogen energy has gained new momentum recently,analyzing the economic and social impacts of developing a hydrogen energy sector can inform further policy formation and investment decision making in this regard.[Method]Considering the increasingly important role of East Asia Summit(EAS)region in both economic growth and green energy transition,this paper developed a demand-driven model for the hydrogen energy supply chains to comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the economic and social impacts hydrogen energy development in the EAS region.[Result]This model provides estimates of the capital investment required,the number of new jobs created,the potential carbon emissions reduction,the subsidies needed in the early stages of development,and the impacts on key energy security indicators.[Conclusion]This study find that hydrogen energy development has a significant job creation effect,and that the total investment and the fiscal burden appear to be manageable for countries in the EAS region.In addition to substantial carbon emissions reduction,positive social impacts also include general improvements in energy security indicators.展开更多
Dispersals,colonisation,immigration and population assimilation or replacement are fundamental themes in the Palaeolithic record of East Asia.Some of these issues can be studied within a biogeographic framework that e...Dispersals,colonisation,immigration and population assimilation or replacement are fundamental themes in the Palaeolithic record of East Asia.Some of these issues can be studied within a biogeographic framework that explains why and how the distribution of hominin species changed over time and space in response to climatic and environmental change.Because hominins(and especially humans)can change their behaviour through technical,social and cognitive developments,biogeographic models also have to incorporate this factor when investigating dispersals.This is particularly important with the dispersals in East Asia by Homo sapiens into rainforests,across open sea to off-shore islands,to the Arctic and the highest parts of the Tibetan Plateau.This paper suggests how hominin and human dispersals in East Asia might be investigated by using a biogeographic framework that can incorporate changes in hominin adaptability and behaviour.展开更多
BACKGROUND Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children globally,negatively impacting their physical and mental growth.Although common characteristics distinguish peaky eaters,including food selectivity...BACKGROUND Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children globally,negatively impacting their physical and mental growth.Although common characteristics distinguish peaky eaters,including food selectivity,food neophobia,and food avoidance,there is no clear definition to assess this behavior.Due to the unavailability of data regarding picky eating,it wasn’t easy to estimate its prevalence.AIM To develop a regional protocol to help healthcare professionals identify and manage mild and moderate picky eating cases.METHODS A virtual roundtable discussion was held in April 2021 to gather the opinions of seven pediatricians and two pediatric dietitians from eight Middle Eastern countries who had great experience in the management of picky eating.The discussion covered different topics,including clearly defining mild and moderate picky eating,identifying the role of diet fortification in these cases,and the possibility of developing a systematic approach to diet fortification.RESULTS The panel identified picky eating as consuming an inadequate amount and variety of foods by rejecting familiar and unfamiliar food.Most of the time,moderate picky eating cases had micronutrient deficiencies with over-or undernutrition;the mild cases only showed inadequate food consumption and/or poor diet quality.Paying attention to the organic red flags like growth faltering and development delay and behavioral red flags,including food fixation and anticipatory gagging,will help healthcare professionals evaluate the picky eaters and the caregivers to care for their children.Although dietary supplementation and commercial food fortification play an important role in picky eating,they were no benefit in the Middle East.CONCLUSION The panel agreed that food fortification through a food-first approach and oral nutritional supplements would be the best for Middle Eastern children.These recommendations would facilitate identifying and managing picky-eating children in the Middle East.展开更多
Current analysis of the contemporary global security situation is incomplete if the issues of the Global South's security interests particularly the Africa's security needs and concerns are left out of the dis...Current analysis of the contemporary global security situation is incomplete if the issues of the Global South's security interests particularly the Africa's security needs and concerns are left out of the discussions. Today, the focuses are on the Middle East crises whose major players are Israel and the United States of America against Gaza and the larger Palestine including Lebanon, the Russia-Ukraine war and the perpetual geopolitical tensions between the North Korea and South Korea.展开更多
The emergence of the Byzantine Iconoclasm was underpinned by profound historical and cultural factors.Its impact on“icon veneration”serves as a paradigmatic case of religious image conflicts.Between the 16th and 19t...The emergence of the Byzantine Iconoclasm was underpinned by profound historical and cultural factors.Its impact on“icon veneration”serves as a paradigmatic case of religious image conflicts.Between the 16th and 19th centuries,as Catholicism expanded eastward into East Asia,deep-seated conflicts arising from“icon veneration”occurred.These conflicts involved the ancestral worship system in China,the taboos of Shinto in Japan,and the ritual codes in Korea influenced by Confucian culture.A comparative study of these conflicts with the Byzantine Iconoclasm is thus warranted.The conflicts between Catholicism and traditional cultures in East Asia are,in essence,manifestations of the cognitive disparities between the“sacredness”of icons and the“de-iconization”traditions within East Asian cultures.In contrast to the forceful destruction of icons in Byzantium,East Asian responses predominantly took the form of informal communal negotiations.For example,in Quanzhou,China,angel statues were placed within the niches of the Earth God,while in Japan,the Virgin Mary statue was adapted to resemble the Avalokitesvara statue.The key to resolving the conflicts regarding“icon veneration”lies in dissociating the political power connotations of icons and transforming them into“visual media”for cultural dialogue and“spiritual carriers”of a religious nature.The“East Asian experience”thus reveals a harmonization paradigm for religious inculturation during the dissemination of Catholicism,which holds significant implications for the contemporary spread and stability of Catholicism.展开更多
The Middle East has long been in turmoil,and the new round of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has further highlighted the urgency of security governance in the region.The Global Security Initiative(GSI)proposed by Ch...The Middle East has long been in turmoil,and the new round of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has further highlighted the urgency of security governance in the region.The Global Security Initiative(GSI)proposed by China provides theoretical guidance and practical paths for China’s participation in Middle East security governance.China’s engagement in Middle East security governance not only meets the expectations of Middle East countries but also fully demonstrates its responsibility as a major country,which is of great significance for China to explore participation in global security governance and address the global security deficit.展开更多
The Tasmanian microcontinent,situated along the East Gondwana accretionary margin during the late Neoproterozoic and early Palaeozoic,contains an unequivocal high-pressure metamorphic record comprising key information...The Tasmanian microcontinent,situated along the East Gondwana accretionary margin during the late Neoproterozoic and early Palaeozoic,contains an unequivocal high-pressure metamorphic record comprising key information pertaining to the geodynamics of subduction along the margin.Subduction of the Tasmanian microcontinent is interpreted by some as a response to back-arc basin inversion prior to ophiolite obduction and high-pressure metamorphism during the Cambrian Tyennan Orogeny.However,thermobarometric evidence in support of such a model from rocks once positioned on the subducting continental margin is lacking.Despite occurrences of eclogite-facies mineral assemblages in the strongly deformed Tyennan Region of western Tasmania,garnet-bearing quartzofeldspathic assemblages documented in metasedimentary lithologies from the remote south-west coast of Tasmania have been interpreted as an expression of low-to moderate-pressure metamorphism.We report a strongly overprinted chlorite-quartz-garnet-bearing assemblage from the southern Tyennan Region(Nye Bay)which shows evidence for high-pressure metamorphism.Coarse-grained garnet porphyroblasts contain inclusions of kyanite,muscovite,and rutile,and yield in-situ Lu-Hf dates of c.520 Ma.The cm-scale garnet porphyroblasts are zoned in the major and trace elements,preserving core-rim compositional gradients reflecting garnet growth up-pressure.Aided by mineral equilibria forward modelling,the garnet rim compositions and the Zr content of Cambrian rutile constrain peak metamorphic conditions of∼17.5-19 kbar and∼780-820℃,equivalent to warm subduction thermal gradients between 410-470℃/GPa.Garnet core compositions and the Ti content of quartz inclusions in the garnet cores constrain the pressures and temperatures for garnet nucleation to∼6-7 kbar and∼560-580℃,corresponding to relatively high prograde thermal gradients between 800-965℃/GPa.The thermal gradients determined from the south-west Tasmanian metamorphic record provide a direct window into the progressive evolution of the thermal state of the Cambrian subduction system,with the physical conditions of garnet nucleation potentially reflecting those of subduction initiation.The corresponding warm thermal gradients provide evidence for subduction initiation driven by the collapse of a pre-orogenic back-arc.This interpretation is consistent with an existing tectonic model for the Tyennan Orogeny which proposes a back-arc basin origin for the protoliths to the western Tasmanian sub-ophiolitic metamorphic sole.展开更多
BACKGROUND There is no available data about the trajectory of heart failure(HF)with improved ejection fraction(EF)and patient clinical outcomes in Qatar.AIM To explore the difference in characteristics and outcomes be...BACKGROUND There is no available data about the trajectory of heart failure(HF)with improved ejection fraction(EF)and patient clinical outcomes in Qatar.AIM To explore the difference in characteristics and outcomes between patients with transient and sustained improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and to determine the independent predictors for sustained improvement in LVEF.METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted at the advanced HF clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Qatar between January 2017 and December 2018.This were divided into two groups:HF with transient improvement in EF(HFtimpEF)and HF with sustained improvement in EF(HFsimpEF).RESULTS A total of 175 patients with HF and improved EF were included.Among them 136(77.7%)patients showed sustained improvement in LVEF.The remaining patients with HFtimpEF were predominantly males[37(94.9%)vs 101(74.3%),P=0.005]with a higher incidence of ischemic cardiomyopathy[32(82.1%)vs 68(50.4%),P=0.002],dyslipidemia[24(61.5%)vs 54(39.7%),P=0.03],and hypertension[34(87.2%)vs 93(68.4%),P=0.03]than those with HFsimpEF.The latter experienced significantly lower rates of hospitalization[39(28.7%)vs 20(51.3%),P=0.01]and diagnosis of new cardiovascular conditions during the follow-up(e.g.,acute coronary syndrome,stroke,decompensated HF,and atrial fibrillation)[14(10.3%)vs 10(25.6%),P=0.03]without a difference in emergency department visits or in-hospital death.Sustained improvement in LVEF was positively associated with being female[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=6.8,95%confidence interval(CI):1.4-32.3,P=0.02],having non-ischemic etiology of HF(aOR=3.1,95%CI:1.03-9.3,P=0.04),and using a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist(aOR=7.0,95%CI:1.50-31.8,P=0.01).CONCLUSION Patients with HFsimpEF experienced significantly lower rates of hospitalization and diagnosis of new cardiova-scular conditions than patients with HFtimpEF.Sustained improvement in LVEF was positively associated with being a female,having non-ischemic etiology of HF,and using a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.展开更多
Erratumto:Journal of Earth Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-023-1946-6 The original version of this article unfortunately contained three mistakes.1.The presentation of Equation(4)was incorrect.The corrected one...Erratumto:Journal of Earth Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-023-1946-6 The original version of this article unfortunately contained three mistakes.1.The presentation of Equation(4)was incorrect.The corrected one is given below.展开更多
Acral melanoma,the most common melanoma subtype in East Asia,is associated with a poor prognosis.This study aims to comprehensively analyze the genomic characteristics of acral melanoma in East Asians.We conduct whole...Acral melanoma,the most common melanoma subtype in East Asia,is associated with a poor prognosis.This study aims to comprehensively analyze the genomic characteristics of acral melanoma in East Asians.We conduct whole-genome sequencing of 55 acral melanoma tumors and perform data mining with relevant clinical data.Our findings reveal a unique mutational profile in East Asian acral melanoma,characterized by fewer point mutations and structural variations,a higher prevalence of NRAS mutations,and a lower frequency of BRAF mutations compared to patients of European descent.Notably,we identify previously underestimated ultraviolet radiation signatures and their significant association with BRAF and NRAS mutations.Structural rearrangement signatures indicate distinct mutational processes in BRAF-driven versus NRAS-driven tumors.We also find that homologous recombination deficiency with MAPK pathway mutations correlated with poor prognosis.The structural variations and amplifications in EP300,TERT,RAC1,and LZTR1 point to potential therapeutic targets tailored to East Asian populations.The high prevalence of whole-genome duplication events in BRAF/NRAS-mutated tumors suggests a synergistic carcinogenic effect that warrants further investigation.In summary,our study provides important insights into the genetic underpinnings of acral melanoma in East Asians,creating opportunities for targeted therapies.展开更多
In the western segment of the East Kunlun Orogen(WEKO),muscovite granite and garnet granite from the Hureguole intrusion exhibit zircon U-Pb ages of 435-442 Ma.Geochemically,these rocks contain high concentrations of ...In the western segment of the East Kunlun Orogen(WEKO),muscovite granite and garnet granite from the Hureguole intrusion exhibit zircon U-Pb ages of 435-442 Ma.Geochemically,these rocks contain high concentrations of SiO_(2),K_(2)O and Al_(2)O_(3),with low concentrations of TiO_(2)and MgO,indicating a peraluminous high-K calc-alkaline affinity.They are enriched in Rb,Th,U and LREE,depleted in Eu,Ba,Sr and Ti,being classified as S-type granites.Negative whole-rockε_(Nd)(t)values(-9.8 to-9.1)and zirconε_(Hf)(t)values(-11.6 to-8.2)for those granites indicate that they were derived from partial melting of pelitic rocks in the Paleoproterozoic Baishahe Formation of the Jinshuikou Group.Based on the collected zircon ages,Cambrian-Devonian magmatic activity in the WEKO was divided into three stages:early(446-520 Ma),middle(427-441 Ma)and late(372-424 Ma)stages.Statistically,whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotope data(ε_(Nd)(t)/T_(DM)^(Nd),ε_(Hf)(t)/T_(DMC)^(Hf))from Paleozoic igneous rocks in the WEKO reveal a magma source that was initially dominated by depleted mantle components in the northward subduction stage of the Proto-Tethy an Ocean plate(446-520 Ma),shifting to predominantly crustal sources during the closure period of the North Qimantagh back-arc basin(427-441 Ma),then to crust-mantle mixed sources in the post-collision stage(372-424 Ma).展开更多
The ISO Annual Meeting 2025 was successfully held in Kigali,capital of the Republic of Rwanda,on October 6-10.The event included the opening and closing ceremonies,sessions with different themes,governance meetings an...The ISO Annual Meeting 2025 was successfully held in Kigali,capital of the Republic of Rwanda,on October 6-10.The event included the opening and closing ceremonies,sessions with different themes,governance meetings and social activities.It was hosted by Rwanda Standards Board(RSB),the ISO member,marking a historic first for East Africa.展开更多
Surface wind speed(SWS)not only plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's energy and hydrological cycle,but also is an important source of sustainable renewable energy.This study assesses the credibility of s...Surface wind speed(SWS)not only plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's energy and hydrological cycle,but also is an important source of sustainable renewable energy.This study assesses the credibility of sws in three reanalyses(ERA5,MERRA2,and JRA-55)in East Asia using both satellite and in-situ observations.Results show all three reanalyses can capture the spatial pattern of swS as in observations,yet there are notable differences in magnitude.On land,ERA5 and MERRA2 overestimate the SWS by about 0.6 and 1.5 m s^(-1),respectively,whereas JRA-55 underestimates it.The biases over the oceans are opposite to those on land and are relatively small due to the assimilation of observations of oceanic surface winds.Overall,JRA-55 and ERA5 offer better estimates of seasonal means and variances of SWS than MERRA2.The observed SWS shows a negative trend of-0.08 m s^(-1)/10 yr on land and a positive trend of 0.09 m s^(-1)/10 yr in the western North Pacific.Only JRA-55 shows similar trends to observations over both land and ocean,while ERA5 and MERRA2 show varying degrees of deviation from the observations.Further investigation shows that there is a strong link between the trend of SWS and that of the large-scale circulation,and that a large part of the SwS trend can be attributed to changes in large-scale circulations.展开更多
Based on the waterflooding development in carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East,this study analyzes the geological characteristics and waterflooding behaviors/patterns of different types of high permeability zones(H...Based on the waterflooding development in carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East,this study analyzes the geological characteristics and waterflooding behaviors/patterns of different types of high permeability zones(HPZs),and proposes rational waterflooding strategies and modes.Four types of HPZs,i.e.sedimentation-dominated,sedimentation-diagenesis coupling,biogenic and composite,are identified in the carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East.Based on their distribution patterns,flow mechanisms,and waterflooding behaviors/patterns,five waterflooding modes are established:(1)the mode with stepwise-infilled areal vertical well pattern,for composite HFZs in patchy distribution;(2)the mode with regular row vertical well pattern for TypeⅠchannel“network”HFZs(with dominant water flow pathways at the base),and the mode with irregular differentiated vertical well pattern for TypeⅡchannel“network”HFZs(where multi-stage superimposition leads to“layered flooding”),for sedimentation-diagenesis coupling HFZs;(3)the mode with row horizontal wells through bottom injection and top production,for biogenic HFZs characterized by thin,contiguous distribution and rapid advancing of injected water along a工-shaped path;and(4)the mode with progressive waterflooding through edge water injection via vertical well and oil production via horizontal well,for sedimentation-dominated HFZs characterized by thick,contiguous distribution and flood first in upper anti-rhythmic reservoirs.Development practices demonstrate that the proposed waterflooding modes are efficient in the highly heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East,with balanced employment of reserves in the adjacent reservoirs and enhanced oil recovery.展开更多
文摘Based on the study of two Early Pleistocene human skulls found in Yunxian County,Hubei Province,China,Ji et al.(2024)suggested that Homo orientalis was the common ancestor of the sapiens lineage and the longi lineage,and proposed that both the two lineages originated from East Asia.We further proposed that Genus Homo should be divided into two subgenera:Subgenus Homo and Subgenus Parahomo.All members of the sapiens lineage would be assigned to Subgenus Homo,and all members of the longi lineage would be grouped into Subgenus Parahomo.Homo(Parahomo)heidelbergensis and Homo(Parahomo)neanderthalensis also were the members of the longi lineage,an evolutionary branch spreaded from East Asia to Africa and Europe more than 600,000 years ago.This paper mainly makes an introduction to the speciation,classification and phylogeny of the longi lineage.The longi lineage and the sapiens lineage are″sister group″relationship,but the longi lineage is an extinct lineage,having nothing to do with our modern people.
文摘[Objective]As hydrogen energy has gained new momentum recently,analyzing the economic and social impacts of developing a hydrogen energy sector can inform further policy formation and investment decision making in this regard.[Method]Considering the increasingly important role of East Asia Summit(EAS)region in both economic growth and green energy transition,this paper developed a demand-driven model for the hydrogen energy supply chains to comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the economic and social impacts hydrogen energy development in the EAS region.[Result]This model provides estimates of the capital investment required,the number of new jobs created,the potential carbon emissions reduction,the subsidies needed in the early stages of development,and the impacts on key energy security indicators.[Conclusion]This study find that hydrogen energy development has a significant job creation effect,and that the total investment and the fiscal burden appear to be manageable for countries in the EAS region.In addition to substantial carbon emissions reduction,positive social impacts also include general improvements in energy security indicators.
文摘Dispersals,colonisation,immigration and population assimilation or replacement are fundamental themes in the Palaeolithic record of East Asia.Some of these issues can be studied within a biogeographic framework that explains why and how the distribution of hominin species changed over time and space in response to climatic and environmental change.Because hominins(and especially humans)can change their behaviour through technical,social and cognitive developments,biogeographic models also have to incorporate this factor when investigating dispersals.This is particularly important with the dispersals in East Asia by Homo sapiens into rainforests,across open sea to off-shore islands,to the Arctic and the highest parts of the Tibetan Plateau.This paper suggests how hominin and human dispersals in East Asia might be investigated by using a biogeographic framework that can incorporate changes in hominin adaptability and behaviour.
文摘BACKGROUND Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children globally,negatively impacting their physical and mental growth.Although common characteristics distinguish peaky eaters,including food selectivity,food neophobia,and food avoidance,there is no clear definition to assess this behavior.Due to the unavailability of data regarding picky eating,it wasn’t easy to estimate its prevalence.AIM To develop a regional protocol to help healthcare professionals identify and manage mild and moderate picky eating cases.METHODS A virtual roundtable discussion was held in April 2021 to gather the opinions of seven pediatricians and two pediatric dietitians from eight Middle Eastern countries who had great experience in the management of picky eating.The discussion covered different topics,including clearly defining mild and moderate picky eating,identifying the role of diet fortification in these cases,and the possibility of developing a systematic approach to diet fortification.RESULTS The panel identified picky eating as consuming an inadequate amount and variety of foods by rejecting familiar and unfamiliar food.Most of the time,moderate picky eating cases had micronutrient deficiencies with over-or undernutrition;the mild cases only showed inadequate food consumption and/or poor diet quality.Paying attention to the organic red flags like growth faltering and development delay and behavioral red flags,including food fixation and anticipatory gagging,will help healthcare professionals evaluate the picky eaters and the caregivers to care for their children.Although dietary supplementation and commercial food fortification play an important role in picky eating,they were no benefit in the Middle East.CONCLUSION The panel agreed that food fortification through a food-first approach and oral nutritional supplements would be the best for Middle Eastern children.These recommendations would facilitate identifying and managing picky-eating children in the Middle East.
文摘Current analysis of the contemporary global security situation is incomplete if the issues of the Global South's security interests particularly the Africa's security needs and concerns are left out of the discussions. Today, the focuses are on the Middle East crises whose major players are Israel and the United States of America against Gaza and the larger Palestine including Lebanon, the Russia-Ukraine war and the perpetual geopolitical tensions between the North Korea and South Korea.
文摘The emergence of the Byzantine Iconoclasm was underpinned by profound historical and cultural factors.Its impact on“icon veneration”serves as a paradigmatic case of religious image conflicts.Between the 16th and 19th centuries,as Catholicism expanded eastward into East Asia,deep-seated conflicts arising from“icon veneration”occurred.These conflicts involved the ancestral worship system in China,the taboos of Shinto in Japan,and the ritual codes in Korea influenced by Confucian culture.A comparative study of these conflicts with the Byzantine Iconoclasm is thus warranted.The conflicts between Catholicism and traditional cultures in East Asia are,in essence,manifestations of the cognitive disparities between the“sacredness”of icons and the“de-iconization”traditions within East Asian cultures.In contrast to the forceful destruction of icons in Byzantium,East Asian responses predominantly took the form of informal communal negotiations.For example,in Quanzhou,China,angel statues were placed within the niches of the Earth God,while in Japan,the Virgin Mary statue was adapted to resemble the Avalokitesvara statue.The key to resolving the conflicts regarding“icon veneration”lies in dissociating the political power connotations of icons and transforming them into“visual media”for cultural dialogue and“spiritual carriers”of a religious nature.The“East Asian experience”thus reveals a harmonization paradigm for religious inculturation during the dissemination of Catholicism,which holds significant implications for the contemporary spread and stability of Catholicism.
文摘The Middle East has long been in turmoil,and the new round of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has further highlighted the urgency of security governance in the region.The Global Security Initiative(GSI)proposed by China provides theoretical guidance and practical paths for China’s participation in Middle East security governance.China’s engagement in Middle East security governance not only meets the expectations of Middle East countries but also fully demonstrates its responsibility as a major country,which is of great significance for China to explore participation in global security governance and address the global security deficit.
基金supported by Australian Research Council(ARC)grant DP16010437 to MH.LJM is supported by an ARC DECRA Fellowship,DE210101126.
文摘The Tasmanian microcontinent,situated along the East Gondwana accretionary margin during the late Neoproterozoic and early Palaeozoic,contains an unequivocal high-pressure metamorphic record comprising key information pertaining to the geodynamics of subduction along the margin.Subduction of the Tasmanian microcontinent is interpreted by some as a response to back-arc basin inversion prior to ophiolite obduction and high-pressure metamorphism during the Cambrian Tyennan Orogeny.However,thermobarometric evidence in support of such a model from rocks once positioned on the subducting continental margin is lacking.Despite occurrences of eclogite-facies mineral assemblages in the strongly deformed Tyennan Region of western Tasmania,garnet-bearing quartzofeldspathic assemblages documented in metasedimentary lithologies from the remote south-west coast of Tasmania have been interpreted as an expression of low-to moderate-pressure metamorphism.We report a strongly overprinted chlorite-quartz-garnet-bearing assemblage from the southern Tyennan Region(Nye Bay)which shows evidence for high-pressure metamorphism.Coarse-grained garnet porphyroblasts contain inclusions of kyanite,muscovite,and rutile,and yield in-situ Lu-Hf dates of c.520 Ma.The cm-scale garnet porphyroblasts are zoned in the major and trace elements,preserving core-rim compositional gradients reflecting garnet growth up-pressure.Aided by mineral equilibria forward modelling,the garnet rim compositions and the Zr content of Cambrian rutile constrain peak metamorphic conditions of∼17.5-19 kbar and∼780-820℃,equivalent to warm subduction thermal gradients between 410-470℃/GPa.Garnet core compositions and the Ti content of quartz inclusions in the garnet cores constrain the pressures and temperatures for garnet nucleation to∼6-7 kbar and∼560-580℃,corresponding to relatively high prograde thermal gradients between 800-965℃/GPa.The thermal gradients determined from the south-west Tasmanian metamorphic record provide a direct window into the progressive evolution of the thermal state of the Cambrian subduction system,with the physical conditions of garnet nucleation potentially reflecting those of subduction initiation.The corresponding warm thermal gradients provide evidence for subduction initiation driven by the collapse of a pre-orogenic back-arc.This interpretation is consistent with an existing tectonic model for the Tyennan Orogeny which proposes a back-arc basin origin for the protoliths to the western Tasmanian sub-ophiolitic metamorphic sole.
文摘BACKGROUND There is no available data about the trajectory of heart failure(HF)with improved ejection fraction(EF)and patient clinical outcomes in Qatar.AIM To explore the difference in characteristics and outcomes between patients with transient and sustained improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and to determine the independent predictors for sustained improvement in LVEF.METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted at the advanced HF clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Qatar between January 2017 and December 2018.This were divided into two groups:HF with transient improvement in EF(HFtimpEF)and HF with sustained improvement in EF(HFsimpEF).RESULTS A total of 175 patients with HF and improved EF were included.Among them 136(77.7%)patients showed sustained improvement in LVEF.The remaining patients with HFtimpEF were predominantly males[37(94.9%)vs 101(74.3%),P=0.005]with a higher incidence of ischemic cardiomyopathy[32(82.1%)vs 68(50.4%),P=0.002],dyslipidemia[24(61.5%)vs 54(39.7%),P=0.03],and hypertension[34(87.2%)vs 93(68.4%),P=0.03]than those with HFsimpEF.The latter experienced significantly lower rates of hospitalization[39(28.7%)vs 20(51.3%),P=0.01]and diagnosis of new cardiovascular conditions during the follow-up(e.g.,acute coronary syndrome,stroke,decompensated HF,and atrial fibrillation)[14(10.3%)vs 10(25.6%),P=0.03]without a difference in emergency department visits or in-hospital death.Sustained improvement in LVEF was positively associated with being female[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=6.8,95%confidence interval(CI):1.4-32.3,P=0.02],having non-ischemic etiology of HF(aOR=3.1,95%CI:1.03-9.3,P=0.04),and using a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist(aOR=7.0,95%CI:1.50-31.8,P=0.01).CONCLUSION Patients with HFsimpEF experienced significantly lower rates of hospitalization and diagnosis of new cardiova-scular conditions than patients with HFtimpEF.Sustained improvement in LVEF was positively associated with being a female,having non-ischemic etiology of HF,and using a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.
文摘Erratumto:Journal of Earth Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-023-1946-6 The original version of this article unfortunately contained three mistakes.1.The presentation of Equation(4)was incorrect.The corrected one is given below.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFC2506404)the Natural Science Foundation of China(82272848,82425047,82272676)+2 种基金Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals'Ascent Plan(DFL20220901)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7242021,L248021)Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department Key Research and Development Program(2024YFHZ0004)。
文摘Acral melanoma,the most common melanoma subtype in East Asia,is associated with a poor prognosis.This study aims to comprehensively analyze the genomic characteristics of acral melanoma in East Asians.We conduct whole-genome sequencing of 55 acral melanoma tumors and perform data mining with relevant clinical data.Our findings reveal a unique mutational profile in East Asian acral melanoma,characterized by fewer point mutations and structural variations,a higher prevalence of NRAS mutations,and a lower frequency of BRAF mutations compared to patients of European descent.Notably,we identify previously underestimated ultraviolet radiation signatures and their significant association with BRAF and NRAS mutations.Structural rearrangement signatures indicate distinct mutational processes in BRAF-driven versus NRAS-driven tumors.We also find that homologous recombination deficiency with MAPK pathway mutations correlated with poor prognosis.The structural variations and amplifications in EP300,TERT,RAC1,and LZTR1 point to potential therapeutic targets tailored to East Asian populations.The high prevalence of whole-genome duplication events in BRAF/NRAS-mutated tumors suggests a synergistic carcinogenic effect that warrants further investigation.In summary,our study provides important insights into the genetic underpinnings of acral melanoma in East Asians,creating opportunities for targeted therapies.
基金funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2019M663959XB)the Geological Survey and Development Bureau of Qinghai Province 2019 Geological Survey Project(2019[45])the Key Laboratory of Deep Dynamics of the Ministry of Natural Resources,Open Research Project 2019。
文摘In the western segment of the East Kunlun Orogen(WEKO),muscovite granite and garnet granite from the Hureguole intrusion exhibit zircon U-Pb ages of 435-442 Ma.Geochemically,these rocks contain high concentrations of SiO_(2),K_(2)O and Al_(2)O_(3),with low concentrations of TiO_(2)and MgO,indicating a peraluminous high-K calc-alkaline affinity.They are enriched in Rb,Th,U and LREE,depleted in Eu,Ba,Sr and Ti,being classified as S-type granites.Negative whole-rockε_(Nd)(t)values(-9.8 to-9.1)and zirconε_(Hf)(t)values(-11.6 to-8.2)for those granites indicate that they were derived from partial melting of pelitic rocks in the Paleoproterozoic Baishahe Formation of the Jinshuikou Group.Based on the collected zircon ages,Cambrian-Devonian magmatic activity in the WEKO was divided into three stages:early(446-520 Ma),middle(427-441 Ma)and late(372-424 Ma)stages.Statistically,whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotope data(ε_(Nd)(t)/T_(DM)^(Nd),ε_(Hf)(t)/T_(DMC)^(Hf))from Paleozoic igneous rocks in the WEKO reveal a magma source that was initially dominated by depleted mantle components in the northward subduction stage of the Proto-Tethy an Ocean plate(446-520 Ma),shifting to predominantly crustal sources during the closure period of the North Qimantagh back-arc basin(427-441 Ma),then to crust-mantle mixed sources in the post-collision stage(372-424 Ma).
文摘The ISO Annual Meeting 2025 was successfully held in Kigali,capital of the Republic of Rwanda,on October 6-10.The event included the opening and closing ceremonies,sessions with different themes,governance meetings and social activities.It was hosted by Rwanda Standards Board(RSB),the ISO member,marking a historic first for East Africa.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 42361144708,42205041,and 42175165]a scientific research project of the Shanghai Investigation,Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.[grant number 2023CN(83)-001]the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project“Earth System Science Numerical Simulator Facility”(EarthLab).
文摘Surface wind speed(SWS)not only plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's energy and hydrological cycle,but also is an important source of sustainable renewable energy.This study assesses the credibility of sws in three reanalyses(ERA5,MERRA2,and JRA-55)in East Asia using both satellite and in-situ observations.Results show all three reanalyses can capture the spatial pattern of swS as in observations,yet there are notable differences in magnitude.On land,ERA5 and MERRA2 overestimate the SWS by about 0.6 and 1.5 m s^(-1),respectively,whereas JRA-55 underestimates it.The biases over the oceans are opposite to those on land and are relatively small due to the assimilation of observations of oceanic surface winds.Overall,JRA-55 and ERA5 offer better estimates of seasonal means and variances of SWS than MERRA2.The observed SWS shows a negative trend of-0.08 m s^(-1)/10 yr on land and a positive trend of 0.09 m s^(-1)/10 yr in the western North Pacific.Only JRA-55 shows similar trends to observations over both land and ocean,while ERA5 and MERRA2 show varying degrees of deviation from the observations.Further investigation shows that there is a strong link between the trend of SWS and that of the large-scale circulation,and that a large part of the SwS trend can be attributed to changes in large-scale circulations.
基金Supported by the China National Petroleum Corporation Major Science and Technology Project(2023ZZ19-01,2023ZZ19-07).
文摘Based on the waterflooding development in carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East,this study analyzes the geological characteristics and waterflooding behaviors/patterns of different types of high permeability zones(HPZs),and proposes rational waterflooding strategies and modes.Four types of HPZs,i.e.sedimentation-dominated,sedimentation-diagenesis coupling,biogenic and composite,are identified in the carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East.Based on their distribution patterns,flow mechanisms,and waterflooding behaviors/patterns,five waterflooding modes are established:(1)the mode with stepwise-infilled areal vertical well pattern,for composite HFZs in patchy distribution;(2)the mode with regular row vertical well pattern for TypeⅠchannel“network”HFZs(with dominant water flow pathways at the base),and the mode with irregular differentiated vertical well pattern for TypeⅡchannel“network”HFZs(where multi-stage superimposition leads to“layered flooding”),for sedimentation-diagenesis coupling HFZs;(3)the mode with row horizontal wells through bottom injection and top production,for biogenic HFZs characterized by thin,contiguous distribution and rapid advancing of injected water along a工-shaped path;and(4)the mode with progressive waterflooding through edge water injection via vertical well and oil production via horizontal well,for sedimentation-dominated HFZs characterized by thick,contiguous distribution and flood first in upper anti-rhythmic reservoirs.Development practices demonstrate that the proposed waterflooding modes are efficient in the highly heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East,with balanced employment of reserves in the adjacent reservoirs and enhanced oil recovery.
