Yangtzeconus priscus-Archaeospira ornata, an important earliest Cambrian benthonic Assemblage of the Yangtze micromolluscan fauna, occurs mainly in the Lower Cambrian Zhongyicun and Dahai Members of the Yuhucun Format...Yangtzeconus priscus-Archaeospira ornata, an important earliest Cambrian benthonic Assemblage of the Yangtze micromolluscan fauna, occurs mainly in the Lower Cambrian Zhongyicun and Dahai Members of the Yuhucun Formation in E Yunnan, the Tianzhushan Member （=Huangshandong Member） of the Dengying Formation in W Hubei and the Maidiping Member of the Hungchunping Formation in C Sichuan, China. About 90% of the genera of this Assemblage are unknown from the Nemakit-Daldynian and Tommotian molluscan Assemblages of the Siberian Platform, Russia. About 90% of the Siberian molluscan genera do not occur in the Zhongyicun and Dahai Members in the Meishucun section and in the corresponding beds of the Yangtze Platform, because the Tommotian molluscan Assemblage is characterizedly abundant archaeocyathids. It is clearly indicated that the Yangtze and Siberian molluscan Assemblages represent different bio- and lithofacies and ages. The age of the pre-trilobitic Yangtzeconus priscus-Archaeospira ornata Assemblage is older than that of the Nemakit-Daldynian and Tommotian molluscan Assemblages and referable to the Earliest Cambrian. Two new genera Mcnamaraconus and Zhangwentangoconus are herein proposed.展开更多
In early of 1960s, I was a graduate student studying on tRNA biochemistry. In the course of the research, the magnesium ions stabilized the tertiary structure of tRNA, resulting in its resistance to enzymatic degradat...In early of 1960s, I was a graduate student studying on tRNA biochemistry. In the course of the research, the magnesium ions stabilized the tertiary structure of tRNA, resulting in its resistance to enzymatic degradation was discovered independently. The experiment of deaminated (denatured) tRNA obtained from native tRNA was designed and conducted and further proved the validity of this finding. It was found that magnesium ions could stabilize the tertiary structure of the natrive tRNA but could not stabilize structure of the deaminated tRNA. In term of the methodology, this stabilization technique has been widely applied in sequencing analysis of RNA and has greatly promoted the progress in the study of primary structure of RNA. More importantly, the stabilization of the tertiary structure of RNA by magnesium ions plays a key role both in the processing of messenger RNAs and the ribozyme activity. After our first article in Chinese was published in 1963, a paper of Nishimura & Novelli came into our note. The received date of their paper was March 22 of 1963, only 4 days earlier than that of our first paper. Thus, we and Nishimura & Novelli made almost at the same time the earliest discovery of the role of magnesium ions on stabilizing the tertiary structure of the transfer RNA and thus resulted in resistance of tRNA degradation by enzymes. However, this discovery was not initially appreciated for a period of time but was finally “visualized” and proved by X-ray crystal structure of yeast phenylalanine tRNA, which has provided more accurate information on the geometry of the magnesium-binding sites in tRNA.展开更多
In his ice-breaking article "The Smell of the Cage in Cuneiform Digital Library" Journal 2009/4, Robert K. Englund discusses some archaic lists of slaves from Uruk III and Jemdet Nasr (Ancient Ni-ru?) about ...In his ice-breaking article "The Smell of the Cage in Cuneiform Digital Library" Journal 2009/4, Robert K. Englund discusses some archaic lists of slaves from Uruk III and Jemdet Nasr (Ancient Ni-ru?) about 3100-2900 B.C.展开更多
Paleoproterozoic–earliest Mesoproterozoic sequences in the Mount Isa region of northern Australia preserve a 200 Myr record(1800–1600 Ma)of intracontinental rifting,culminating in crustal thinning,elevated heat flow...Paleoproterozoic–earliest Mesoproterozoic sequences in the Mount Isa region of northern Australia preserve a 200 Myr record(1800–1600 Ma)of intracontinental rifting,culminating in crustal thinning,elevated heat flow and establishment of a North American Basin and Range-style crustal architecture in which basin evolution was linked at depth to bimodal magmatism,high temperature-low pressure metamorphism and the formation of extensional shear zones.Rifting initiated in crystalline basement≥1840 Ma old and produced three stacked sedimentary basins(1800–1750 Ma Leichhardt,1730–1670 Ma Calvert and 1670–1575 Ma Isa superbasins)separated by major unconformities and in which depositional conditions progressively changed from fluviatilelacustrine to fully marine.By 1685 Ma,a deep marine,turbidite-dominated basin existed in the E and basaltic magmas had evolved in composition from continental to oceanic tholeiites as the crust became increasingly thinned and attenuated.Except for an episode of minor deformation and basin inversion at c.1640 Ma,sedimentation continued across the region until onset of the Isan Orogeny at 1600 Ma.A near-identical record of crustal thinning and basaltic magmatism accompanied basin formation(lower Willyama Supergroup)in the formerly contiguous Broken Hill region from 1730–1670 Ma.展开更多
Dong Feng(courtesy name:Dong Junyi,2nd-3rd century)was from Houguan(present Min County,Fujian Province).1 He was an outstanding physician in the period of the Three Kingdoms(220e280).There were no records about him in...Dong Feng(courtesy name:Dong Junyi,2nd-3rd century)was from Houguan(present Min County,Fujian Province).1 He was an outstanding physician in the period of the Three Kingdoms(220e280).There were no records about him in authorized history,neither about his writings,so he seemed to be a legendary figure.According to Ge Gong,a famous Taoist,practitioner and alchemist,once Shi Xie,the prefecture governor of Jiaozhou,was critically ill in coma,all the physicians invited were at a loss what to do,and his family members happened to know Dong was travelling around Jiaozhou,and he was immediately invited to see the patient.展开更多
A strange fossil described and illustrated in the present paper was collected by the writer in 1978 from the Huangshandong Member of the Lower Cambrian Tongying Formation in western Hubei. The material was preserved i...A strange fossil described and illustrated in the present paper was collected by the writer in 1978 from the Huangshandong Member of the Lower Cambrian Tongying Formation in western Hubei. The material was preserved in greyish brown phosphoritic dolomites in association with elements of the Yangtze Micromolluscan Fauna, such as Tchangsichiton notabilus Yu and Sinuconus clypeus, Yu of Class Polyplacophora; Yangtzemerisma rarum Yu and Y.? cancellatum Yu of Class Merismoconchia; Yangtzeconus priscus Yu, Huangshandongoconus pileus Yu, Obtusoconus paucicostatus Yu, O. rostriptutea (Qian) and Spatuloconus rudis Yu of Class Monoplacophora; Bemella simplex Yu, Latouchlla of. memmorabilis Missarzhevsky, L. sanxiaesis Yu and L. lauta Yu of Class uncertain; Archaeospira ornata Yu, A. imbricata Yu and Cambrospira sinensis Yu of Class Gastropoda; Heraultipegma yunnanense He et Yang of Class Rostroconcbia: hyolithids and some other uncertain skeletal fossils. Although the systematic position of this peculiar fossil is unknown at present, it is inferred that this genus may be one of the typical primitive animal groups based on the characters of the shell and the spe cial spines. The shell is bilaterally symmetrical, elliptical in apical view; the dorsal side is roundly convex with three different forms of dorsal spines and several pairs of marginal spines on the anterior margin. Judged from the general morphological characters of the bilaterally symmetrical shell, these lower animals, generally speaking, have adapted themselves readily to different circumstances, and reduced resistance to any directional movement necessary for varied physiological activities. As to the function of the shell’s characteristics, the narrowly rounded side may serve as the anterior. Such a model of the body helps these animals go on with their benthonic creeping or swimming life. On the other hand, the dorsal spines are different from each other in shape, size, mode of arrangement and in number; especially, the end of the hook-shaped spines is generally curved outward, while the geniculate spines are oblique outward, and curved posteriorly all of a sudden. These structures of mechanism also provide us with the evidence that the narrowly rounded side serves as the anterior, while the opposite end as the posterior.It is of particular interest that this genus is somewhat similar to Phylum Mollusca, especially to the tryblidiids of Class Monoplacophora, in some morphological characters, such as: 1) the bilateral symmetry of the shell, 2) the outline elliptical in apical view and cap shaped in lateral view and 3) the dorsal side generally roundly convex. After careful study, it has been found that since this genus is strikingly different from monoplacopharans, may be it belongs to another interesting group of skeletal fossils. The reasons for this are: 1) in the former, there are many pairs of marginal spines on the anterior margin, while in monoplacophorans, no marginal spines can be seen; and 2) in this genus, the sculptures are different from each other in different areas, not only in shape and number, but also in the mode of arrangement, whereas in monoplacophorans, they are identical with each other in the same type and shape. Judged from the different forms of dorsal sculptures, this genus is comparatively similar to such uncertain shelly fossils as Lepidites Zhong, 1977 emend. Yu, 1987 and Xiadongoconus Yu, 1979 from the same horizon in the Yangtze Region of China, but differs from the latter two genera in the presence of marginal spines on the anterior margin. In addition, this new genus also differs from brachiopods and other skeletal fossils in the peculiar type of the shell. According to the above comparison, this genus is entirely different from all the classes of Phylum Mollusca, possibly representing another interesting group of skeletal fossils. It is impossible to determine the exact taxonomic position of this genus until more materials are available.展开更多
Based on one linguistic system-copular verb be,and hypotheses about verb be,the learner’s error types are typical with the same age group while Chinese English structure is relatively less significant.The result show...Based on one linguistic system-copular verb be,and hypotheses about verb be,the learner’s error types are typical with the same age group while Chinese English structure is relatively less significant.The result shows that the learner’s first language and earliest period of learning are both significant for her target language study.展开更多
The hominin record from southern Asia for the early Late Pleistocene epoch is scarce.Well-dated and well-preserved fossils older than 45.000 years that can be unequivocally attributed to H.sapiens are lacking.In a pap...The hominin record from southern Asia for the early Late Pleistocene epoch is scarce.Well-dated and well-preserved fossils older than 45.000 years that can be unequivocally attributed to H.sapiens are lacking.In a paper published October 15 online in Nature,Dr.LIU Wu from Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology（IVPP）.CAS,and his international team announced the discovery of human teeth between 80.000 and120,000 years old from the newly excavated Fuyan Cave in Daoxian.southern China,展开更多
I have never given birth but have heard it said many times that as awful as labor is,when it's over and your newborn is placed in your arms,that pain is forgotten.That's how I feel now about the earliest days ...I have never given birth but have heard it said many times that as awful as labor is,when it's over and your newborn is placed in your arms,that pain is forgotten.That's how I feel now about the earliest days of grief.展开更多
The first discovery of the earliest angiospermous megafossils, so far in the world,was made by the authors from the Lower Cretaceous Chengzihe Formation of Jixi Basin, eastern Heilongjiang Province,China.Among the ang...The first discovery of the earliest angiospermous megafossils, so far in the world,was made by the authors from the Lower Cretaceous Chengzihe Formation of Jixi Basin, eastern Heilongjiang Province,China.Among the angiospermous fossils there are 5 species belonging to 5 genera (including 4 gen.et sp.nov.) reported in this paper.Their microphyllous leaves with irregular venations show the characteristics of some primitive angiosperms whose age is mostly corresponding to the late Hauterivian-early Barremian, partly proved by the underlying conformably marine beds with the Valanginian-Hauterivian dinoflagellates revealed newly also by the authors.展开更多
In 1900, around 50 000 books and manuscripts were discovered in the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang in Gansu Province, China. Known today as the ＂Dunhuang Heritage＂, this trove had been sealed in a cave for close on 900 ...In 1900, around 50 000 books and manuscripts were discovered in the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang in Gansu Province, China. Known today as the ＂Dunhuang Heritage＂, this trove had been sealed in a cave for close on 900 years. Among the books, there was a volume entitled ＂New Compendium of Works on Moxibustion for Emergencies （新集备急炙经）＂. It is the earliest original manuscript for the collection of acupuncture papers at present and is particularly precious as not having been found recorded in any ancient books.展开更多
With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team led by Profs.Liu Wu(刘武)and Wu XiuJie(吴秀杰)at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,and Prof.Cai YanJ...With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team led by Profs.Liu Wu(刘武)and Wu XiuJie(吴秀杰)at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,and Prof.Cai YanJun(蔡演军)at the Institute of Earth Environment both under Chinese Academy of Sciences reported their discovery of 47human teeth with fully modern morphologies from a cave in south-展开更多
文摘Yangtzeconus priscus-Archaeospira ornata, an important earliest Cambrian benthonic Assemblage of the Yangtze micromolluscan fauna, occurs mainly in the Lower Cambrian Zhongyicun and Dahai Members of the Yuhucun Formation in E Yunnan, the Tianzhushan Member （=Huangshandong Member） of the Dengying Formation in W Hubei and the Maidiping Member of the Hungchunping Formation in C Sichuan, China. About 90% of the genera of this Assemblage are unknown from the Nemakit-Daldynian and Tommotian molluscan Assemblages of the Siberian Platform, Russia. About 90% of the Siberian molluscan genera do not occur in the Zhongyicun and Dahai Members in the Meishucun section and in the corresponding beds of the Yangtze Platform, because the Tommotian molluscan Assemblage is characterizedly abundant archaeocyathids. It is clearly indicated that the Yangtze and Siberian molluscan Assemblages represent different bio- and lithofacies and ages. The age of the pre-trilobitic Yangtzeconus priscus-Archaeospira ornata Assemblage is older than that of the Nemakit-Daldynian and Tommotian molluscan Assemblages and referable to the Earliest Cambrian. Two new genera Mcnamaraconus and Zhangwentangoconus are herein proposed.
文摘In early of 1960s, I was a graduate student studying on tRNA biochemistry. In the course of the research, the magnesium ions stabilized the tertiary structure of tRNA, resulting in its resistance to enzymatic degradation was discovered independently. The experiment of deaminated (denatured) tRNA obtained from native tRNA was designed and conducted and further proved the validity of this finding. It was found that magnesium ions could stabilize the tertiary structure of the natrive tRNA but could not stabilize structure of the deaminated tRNA. In term of the methodology, this stabilization technique has been widely applied in sequencing analysis of RNA and has greatly promoted the progress in the study of primary structure of RNA. More importantly, the stabilization of the tertiary structure of RNA by magnesium ions plays a key role both in the processing of messenger RNAs and the ribozyme activity. After our first article in Chinese was published in 1963, a paper of Nishimura & Novelli came into our note. The received date of their paper was March 22 of 1963, only 4 days earlier than that of our first paper. Thus, we and Nishimura & Novelli made almost at the same time the earliest discovery of the role of magnesium ions on stabilizing the tertiary structure of the transfer RNA and thus resulted in resistance of tRNA degradation by enzymes. However, this discovery was not initially appreciated for a period of time but was finally “visualized” and proved by X-ray crystal structure of yeast phenylalanine tRNA, which has provided more accurate information on the geometry of the magnesium-binding sites in tRNA.
文摘In his ice-breaking article "The Smell of the Cage in Cuneiform Digital Library" Journal 2009/4, Robert K. Englund discusses some archaic lists of slaves from Uruk III and Jemdet Nasr (Ancient Ni-ru?) about 3100-2900 B.C.
文摘Paleoproterozoic–earliest Mesoproterozoic sequences in the Mount Isa region of northern Australia preserve a 200 Myr record(1800–1600 Ma)of intracontinental rifting,culminating in crustal thinning,elevated heat flow and establishment of a North American Basin and Range-style crustal architecture in which basin evolution was linked at depth to bimodal magmatism,high temperature-low pressure metamorphism and the formation of extensional shear zones.Rifting initiated in crystalline basement≥1840 Ma old and produced three stacked sedimentary basins(1800–1750 Ma Leichhardt,1730–1670 Ma Calvert and 1670–1575 Ma Isa superbasins)separated by major unconformities and in which depositional conditions progressively changed from fluviatilelacustrine to fully marine.By 1685 Ma,a deep marine,turbidite-dominated basin existed in the E and basaltic magmas had evolved in composition from continental to oceanic tholeiites as the crust became increasingly thinned and attenuated.Except for an episode of minor deformation and basin inversion at c.1640 Ma,sedimentation continued across the region until onset of the Isan Orogeny at 1600 Ma.A near-identical record of crustal thinning and basaltic magmatism accompanied basin formation(lower Willyama Supergroup)in the formerly contiguous Broken Hill region from 1730–1670 Ma.
文摘Dong Feng(courtesy name:Dong Junyi,2nd-3rd century)was from Houguan(present Min County,Fujian Province).1 He was an outstanding physician in the period of the Three Kingdoms(220e280).There were no records about him in authorized history,neither about his writings,so he seemed to be a legendary figure.According to Ge Gong,a famous Taoist,practitioner and alchemist,once Shi Xie,the prefecture governor of Jiaozhou,was critically ill in coma,all the physicians invited were at a loss what to do,and his family members happened to know Dong was travelling around Jiaozhou,and he was immediately invited to see the patient.
文摘A strange fossil described and illustrated in the present paper was collected by the writer in 1978 from the Huangshandong Member of the Lower Cambrian Tongying Formation in western Hubei. The material was preserved in greyish brown phosphoritic dolomites in association with elements of the Yangtze Micromolluscan Fauna, such as Tchangsichiton notabilus Yu and Sinuconus clypeus, Yu of Class Polyplacophora; Yangtzemerisma rarum Yu and Y.? cancellatum Yu of Class Merismoconchia; Yangtzeconus priscus Yu, Huangshandongoconus pileus Yu, Obtusoconus paucicostatus Yu, O. rostriptutea (Qian) and Spatuloconus rudis Yu of Class Monoplacophora; Bemella simplex Yu, Latouchlla of. memmorabilis Missarzhevsky, L. sanxiaesis Yu and L. lauta Yu of Class uncertain; Archaeospira ornata Yu, A. imbricata Yu and Cambrospira sinensis Yu of Class Gastropoda; Heraultipegma yunnanense He et Yang of Class Rostroconcbia: hyolithids and some other uncertain skeletal fossils. Although the systematic position of this peculiar fossil is unknown at present, it is inferred that this genus may be one of the typical primitive animal groups based on the characters of the shell and the spe cial spines. The shell is bilaterally symmetrical, elliptical in apical view; the dorsal side is roundly convex with three different forms of dorsal spines and several pairs of marginal spines on the anterior margin. Judged from the general morphological characters of the bilaterally symmetrical shell, these lower animals, generally speaking, have adapted themselves readily to different circumstances, and reduced resistance to any directional movement necessary for varied physiological activities. As to the function of the shell’s characteristics, the narrowly rounded side may serve as the anterior. Such a model of the body helps these animals go on with their benthonic creeping or swimming life. On the other hand, the dorsal spines are different from each other in shape, size, mode of arrangement and in number; especially, the end of the hook-shaped spines is generally curved outward, while the geniculate spines are oblique outward, and curved posteriorly all of a sudden. These structures of mechanism also provide us with the evidence that the narrowly rounded side serves as the anterior, while the opposite end as the posterior.It is of particular interest that this genus is somewhat similar to Phylum Mollusca, especially to the tryblidiids of Class Monoplacophora, in some morphological characters, such as: 1) the bilateral symmetry of the shell, 2) the outline elliptical in apical view and cap shaped in lateral view and 3) the dorsal side generally roundly convex. After careful study, it has been found that since this genus is strikingly different from monoplacopharans, may be it belongs to another interesting group of skeletal fossils. The reasons for this are: 1) in the former, there are many pairs of marginal spines on the anterior margin, while in monoplacophorans, no marginal spines can be seen; and 2) in this genus, the sculptures are different from each other in different areas, not only in shape and number, but also in the mode of arrangement, whereas in monoplacophorans, they are identical with each other in the same type and shape. Judged from the different forms of dorsal sculptures, this genus is comparatively similar to such uncertain shelly fossils as Lepidites Zhong, 1977 emend. Yu, 1987 and Xiadongoconus Yu, 1979 from the same horizon in the Yangtze Region of China, but differs from the latter two genera in the presence of marginal spines on the anterior margin. In addition, this new genus also differs from brachiopods and other skeletal fossils in the peculiar type of the shell. According to the above comparison, this genus is entirely different from all the classes of Phylum Mollusca, possibly representing another interesting group of skeletal fossils. It is impossible to determine the exact taxonomic position of this genus until more materials are available.
文摘Based on one linguistic system-copular verb be,and hypotheses about verb be,the learner’s error types are typical with the same age group while Chinese English structure is relatively less significant.The result shows that the learner’s first language and earliest period of learning are both significant for her target language study.
文摘The hominin record from southern Asia for the early Late Pleistocene epoch is scarce.Well-dated and well-preserved fossils older than 45.000 years that can be unequivocally attributed to H.sapiens are lacking.In a paper published October 15 online in Nature,Dr.LIU Wu from Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology（IVPP）.CAS,and his international team announced the discovery of human teeth between 80.000 and120,000 years old from the newly excavated Fuyan Cave in Daoxian.southern China,
文摘I have never given birth but have heard it said many times that as awful as labor is,when it's over and your newborn is placed in your arms,that pain is forgotten.That's how I feel now about the earliest days of grief.
基金Project supported by the President Funds of Academia Sinicapartly by the Special Supporting Funds of Academia Sinica (Project No. 900202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 9390010).
文摘The first discovery of the earliest angiospermous megafossils, so far in the world,was made by the authors from the Lower Cretaceous Chengzihe Formation of Jixi Basin, eastern Heilongjiang Province,China.Among the angiospermous fossils there are 5 species belonging to 5 genera (including 4 gen.et sp.nov.) reported in this paper.Their microphyllous leaves with irregular venations show the characteristics of some primitive angiosperms whose age is mostly corresponding to the late Hauterivian-early Barremian, partly proved by the underlying conformably marine beds with the Valanginian-Hauterivian dinoflagellates revealed newly also by the authors.
文摘In 1900, around 50 000 books and manuscripts were discovered in the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang in Gansu Province, China. Known today as the ＂Dunhuang Heritage＂, this trove had been sealed in a cave for close on 900 years. Among the books, there was a volume entitled ＂New Compendium of Works on Moxibustion for Emergencies （新集备急炙经）＂. It is the earliest original manuscript for the collection of acupuncture papers at present and is particularly precious as not having been found recorded in any ancient books.
文摘With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team led by Profs.Liu Wu(刘武)and Wu XiuJie(吴秀杰)at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,and Prof.Cai YanJun(蔡演军)at the Institute of Earth Environment both under Chinese Academy of Sciences reported their discovery of 47human teeth with fully modern morphologies from a cave in south-
