In recent years,feature selection(FS)optimization of high-dimensional gene expression data has become one of the most promising approaches for cancer prediction and classification.This work reviews FS and classificati...In recent years,feature selection(FS)optimization of high-dimensional gene expression data has become one of the most promising approaches for cancer prediction and classification.This work reviews FS and classification methods that utilize evolutionary algorithms(EAs)for gene expression profiles in cancer or medical applications based on research motivations,challenges,and recommendations.Relevant studies were retrieved from four major academic databases-IEEE,Scopus,Springer,and ScienceDirect-using the keywords‘cancer classification’,‘optimization’,‘FS’,and‘gene expression profile’.A total of 67 papers were finally selected with key advancements identified as follows:(1)The majority of papers(44.8%)focused on developing algorithms and models for FS and classification.(2)The second category encompassed studies on biomarker identification by EAs,including 20 papers(30%).(3)The third category comprised works that applied FS to cancer data for decision support system purposes,addressing high-dimensional data and the formulation of chromosome length.These studies accounted for 12%of the total number of studies.(4)The remaining three papers(4.5%)were reviews and surveys focusing on models and developments in prediction and classification optimization for cancer classification under current technical conditions.This review highlights the importance of optimizing FS in EAs to manage high-dimensional data effectively.Despite recent advancements,significant limitations remain:the dynamic formulation of chromosome length remains an underexplored area.Thus,further research is needed on dynamic-length chromosome techniques for more sophisticated biomarker gene selection techniques.The findings suggest that further advancements in dynamic chromosome length formulations and adaptive algorithms could enhance cancer classification accuracy and efficiency.展开更多
Entanglement asymmetry(EA) has emerged as a powerful tool for characterizing symmetry breaking in quantum many-body systems. In this Letter, we explore how symmetry is dynamically broken through the lens of EA in two ...Entanglement asymmetry(EA) has emerged as a powerful tool for characterizing symmetry breaking in quantum many-body systems. In this Letter, we explore how symmetry is dynamically broken through the lens of EA in two distinct scenarios: a non-symmetric Hamiltonian quench and a non-symmetric random quantum circuit, with a particular focus on U(1) symmetry. In the former case, symmetry remains broken in the subsystem at late times, whereas in the latter case, the symmetry is initially broken and subsequently restored, consistent with the principles of quantum thermalization. Notably, the growth of EA exhibits unexpected overshooting behavior at early times in both contexts, contrasting with the behavior of charge variance. We also consider dynamics of non-symmetric initial states under the symmetry-breaking evolution. Due to the competition of symmetry-breaking in both the initial state and Hamiltonian, the early-time EA can increase and decrease, while quantum Mpemba effects remain evident despite the weak symmetry-breaking in both settings.展开更多
Effective English reading requires readers not only possess good English grammar, flexible reading skills and plentiful vocabulary but also master rich cultural background knowledge.However, for the adult students edu...Effective English reading requires readers not only possess good English grammar, flexible reading skills and plentiful vocabulary but also master rich cultural background knowledge.However, for the adult students educated in the Continuing Education College, it is rather obvious that they have troubles learning English The author of this thesis pro-posed a new idea of English reading teaching-teaching with allusions and their stories in English reading class.The author tries to apply the relationship between schema theory and reading in the process of teaching adult students so that they can get a deeper understanding of English allusions and their stories.The author of this thesis did an empirical research and made a quantitative analysis for pretest and posttest.The result of this research indicates that to improve English reading proficiency, either teachers or students should attach equal importance both to language structures and to cultural background knowledge.展开更多
As high-speed railway transportation advances toward increased velocities,it is imperative to enhance the mechanical performance of EA4T axle steel,especially through microstructures regulation by thermal–mechanical ...As high-speed railway transportation advances toward increased velocities,it is imperative to enhance the mechanical performance of EA4T axle steel,especially through microstructures regulation by thermal–mechanical processing.However,little research has been conducted on the phase transformation and microstructure evolution mechanism of EA4T steel under thermal–mechanical load,resulting in a lack of theoretical guidance.The hot deformation behavior and phase transformation mechanism of EA4T steel were investigated under different conditions of strain rates(0.01–10 s^(−1))and temperatures(850–1200℃).A relation of deformation stresses with Zener–Hollomon parameter was established to characterize the mechanical response and dynamic softening effect of EA4T steel during hot compression.The evolution of grain boundaries with different misorientations has been analyzed to evaluate the influence of strain rates and temperatures on the dynamic recrystallization.It was found that the grain refinement mechanisms of EA4T steel by dynamic recrystallization including twin-assisted boundary bulging,sub-grain rotation,and sub-grain growth.Transmission electron microscopy observations confirmed that dynamic recrystallization nuclei and small recrystallized grains impeded martensite phase nucleation during hot deformation,while the ongoing dynamic recrystallization consumed deformation stored energy and reduced dislocation density,which mitigated the stress concentration in the parent phase of martensite,thereby facilitating the uniform growth of martensite lath with a mixing structure of nanotwins and dislocations during quenching.展开更多
基金funded by the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia,grant number FRGS/1/2022/ICT02/UPSI/02/1.
文摘In recent years,feature selection(FS)optimization of high-dimensional gene expression data has become one of the most promising approaches for cancer prediction and classification.This work reviews FS and classification methods that utilize evolutionary algorithms(EAs)for gene expression profiles in cancer or medical applications based on research motivations,challenges,and recommendations.Relevant studies were retrieved from four major academic databases-IEEE,Scopus,Springer,and ScienceDirect-using the keywords‘cancer classification’,‘optimization’,‘FS’,and‘gene expression profile’.A total of 67 papers were finally selected with key advancements identified as follows:(1)The majority of papers(44.8%)focused on developing algorithms and models for FS and classification.(2)The second category encompassed studies on biomarker identification by EAs,including 20 papers(30%).(3)The third category comprised works that applied FS to cancer data for decision support system purposes,addressing high-dimensional data and the formulation of chromosome length.These studies accounted for 12%of the total number of studies.(4)The remaining three papers(4.5%)were reviews and surveys focusing on models and developments in prediction and classification optimization for cancer classification under current technical conditions.This review highlights the importance of optimizing FS in EAs to manage high-dimensional data effectively.Despite recent advancements,significant limitations remain:the dynamic formulation of chromosome length remains an underexplored area.Thus,further research is needed on dynamic-length chromosome techniques for more sophisticated biomarker gene selection techniques.The findings suggest that further advancements in dynamic chromosome length formulations and adaptive algorithms could enhance cancer classification accuracy and efficiency.
基金the support of the International Young Scientist Fellowship of the Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.202407)supported by the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No.2024ZD0301700)+1 种基金the start-up grant at IOP-CAS.ZXL is supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.JR25007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No.12347107and 12474146)。
文摘Entanglement asymmetry(EA) has emerged as a powerful tool for characterizing symmetry breaking in quantum many-body systems. In this Letter, we explore how symmetry is dynamically broken through the lens of EA in two distinct scenarios: a non-symmetric Hamiltonian quench and a non-symmetric random quantum circuit, with a particular focus on U(1) symmetry. In the former case, symmetry remains broken in the subsystem at late times, whereas in the latter case, the symmetry is initially broken and subsequently restored, consistent with the principles of quantum thermalization. Notably, the growth of EA exhibits unexpected overshooting behavior at early times in both contexts, contrasting with the behavior of charge variance. We also consider dynamics of non-symmetric initial states under the symmetry-breaking evolution. Due to the competition of symmetry-breaking in both the initial state and Hamiltonian, the early-time EA can increase and decrease, while quantum Mpemba effects remain evident despite the weak symmetry-breaking in both settings.
文摘Effective English reading requires readers not only possess good English grammar, flexible reading skills and plentiful vocabulary but also master rich cultural background knowledge.However, for the adult students educated in the Continuing Education College, it is rather obvious that they have troubles learning English The author of this thesis pro-posed a new idea of English reading teaching-teaching with allusions and their stories in English reading class.The author tries to apply the relationship between schema theory and reading in the process of teaching adult students so that they can get a deeper understanding of English allusions and their stories.The author of this thesis did an empirical research and made a quantitative analysis for pretest and posttest.The result of this research indicates that to improve English reading proficiency, either teachers or students should attach equal importance both to language structures and to cultural background knowledge.
基金support was received from National Key Research and Development Plan from China:Demonstration and application of special steel for typical components of high-end equipment(2017YFB0703004).
文摘As high-speed railway transportation advances toward increased velocities,it is imperative to enhance the mechanical performance of EA4T axle steel,especially through microstructures regulation by thermal–mechanical processing.However,little research has been conducted on the phase transformation and microstructure evolution mechanism of EA4T steel under thermal–mechanical load,resulting in a lack of theoretical guidance.The hot deformation behavior and phase transformation mechanism of EA4T steel were investigated under different conditions of strain rates(0.01–10 s^(−1))and temperatures(850–1200℃).A relation of deformation stresses with Zener–Hollomon parameter was established to characterize the mechanical response and dynamic softening effect of EA4T steel during hot compression.The evolution of grain boundaries with different misorientations has been analyzed to evaluate the influence of strain rates and temperatures on the dynamic recrystallization.It was found that the grain refinement mechanisms of EA4T steel by dynamic recrystallization including twin-assisted boundary bulging,sub-grain rotation,and sub-grain growth.Transmission electron microscopy observations confirmed that dynamic recrystallization nuclei and small recrystallized grains impeded martensite phase nucleation during hot deformation,while the ongoing dynamic recrystallization consumed deformation stored energy and reduced dislocation density,which mitigated the stress concentration in the parent phase of martensite,thereby facilitating the uniform growth of martensite lath with a mixing structure of nanotwins and dislocations during quenching.
