Citizen scienee data have already been used to effectively address questions regarding migration,a fun dame ntal stage in the life history of birds.In this study,we use data from eBird and from 3 additional regional c...Citizen scienee data have already been used to effectively address questions regarding migration,a fun dame ntal stage in the life history of birds.In this study,we use data from eBird and from 3 additional regional citizen scienee databases to describe the migration routes and timing of the red-footed falcon Falco vespertinus in the Mediterranean region across 8years(2010-2017).We further examine the seasonal and yearly variation in migration patterns and explore sites used during the species migration.Our results suggest that the autumn passage is spatially less variable and temporally more consistent among years than in spring and that birds migrate faster in spring than in autumn.The species seems to be more prevalent along the Central Mediterranean during spring migration,probably as a result of the clockwise loop migration that red-footed falcons perform.There was a high variation in annual median migration dates for both seasons as well as in migration routes across years and seasons.Higher variation was exhibited in the longitudinal component thus indicating flexibility in migration routes.In additi on,our results showed the species'preference for I owl a nds covered with cropla nd and mosaics of cropland and natural vegetation as stopover sites during migration.Stopover areas predicted from our distribution modeling highlight the importance of the Mediterranean islands as stopover sites for sea-crossing raptors,such as the red-footed falcon.This study is the first to provide a broad-scale spatiotemporal perspective on the species migration across seasons,years and flyways and dem on strates how citize n science data can inform future monitori ng and conservation strategies.展开更多
The song systems of oscine passerines(songbirds)are complex and diverse.Because songs are used for both mate attraction and territory defense and are therefore important signals for survival and reproduction,comprehen...The song systems of oscine passerines(songbirds)are complex and diverse.Because songs are used for both mate attraction and territory defense and are therefore important signals for survival and reproduction,comprehensive knowledge of within and among species song structure and distribution is informative for understanding the evolution of song repertoires and vocal behaviour.In this study,we explored variation in the song structure of the Ovenbird(Seiurus aurocapilla),a widespread warbler(Family Parulidae)found in North American forests.We analyzed recordings from the 2021 breeding season to assess song type variation at a local(n=158 birds;Sault Ste.Marie,ON)and breeding range scale(n=512 birds;eBird).We characterized the local song types and tested whether Ovenbirds share song types with their neighbors more often than expected by chance.We then characterized song types of Ovenbirds across the breeding range to determine whether any geographic pattern of song clustering exists(i.e.,macro-dialects).We found 10 distinct song types and some evidence for song type clustering at the local study site(i.e.,song neighborhoods).We found 7 of those 10 song types throughout the breeding range and identified an additional 24 types that were not recorded in our local population.We found no evidence for song dialects across the Ovenbird breeding range.This study contributes to our understanding of Ovenbird song while simultaneously adding to our understanding of geographic structuring of warbler repertoires.Our work contributes to delineating a more comprehensive understanding of factors affecting dialect development for this diverse group of songbirds.展开更多
基金This article is in memoriam of our beloved friend and colleague Michele Panuccio and his passion for raptor migration.We are thankful to Triantafyllos Akriotis,Vasileios Bontzorlos,Thord Fransson,Giannis Gasteratos,Nikolaos Katsimanis,Elli Navarette,Diego Rubolini,Victoria Saravia,and Nikos Tsiopelas for helping with data collection.Peter Palatitz and 3 anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on a previous draft of this manuscript.We acknowledge the Cornell Lab of Ornithology for hosting eBird and providing free access to researchers as well as the thousands of birders that contribute their sightings to eBird and other citizen science platforms.
文摘Citizen scienee data have already been used to effectively address questions regarding migration,a fun dame ntal stage in the life history of birds.In this study,we use data from eBird and from 3 additional regional citizen scienee databases to describe the migration routes and timing of the red-footed falcon Falco vespertinus in the Mediterranean region across 8years(2010-2017).We further examine the seasonal and yearly variation in migration patterns and explore sites used during the species migration.Our results suggest that the autumn passage is spatially less variable and temporally more consistent among years than in spring and that birds migrate faster in spring than in autumn.The species seems to be more prevalent along the Central Mediterranean during spring migration,probably as a result of the clockwise loop migration that red-footed falcons perform.There was a high variation in annual median migration dates for both seasons as well as in migration routes across years and seasons.Higher variation was exhibited in the longitudinal component thus indicating flexibility in migration routes.In additi on,our results showed the species'preference for I owl a nds covered with cropla nd and mosaics of cropland and natural vegetation as stopover sites during migration.Stopover areas predicted from our distribution modeling highlight the importance of the Mediterranean islands as stopover sites for sea-crossing raptors,such as the red-footed falcon.This study is the first to provide a broad-scale spatiotemporal perspective on the species migration across seasons,years and flyways and dem on strates how citize n science data can inform future monitori ng and conservation strategies.
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Canadian Foundation for Innovation(CFI)+1 种基金Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation(OMRI)Northern Ontario Heritage Fund Corporation(NOHFC)。
文摘The song systems of oscine passerines(songbirds)are complex and diverse.Because songs are used for both mate attraction and territory defense and are therefore important signals for survival and reproduction,comprehensive knowledge of within and among species song structure and distribution is informative for understanding the evolution of song repertoires and vocal behaviour.In this study,we explored variation in the song structure of the Ovenbird(Seiurus aurocapilla),a widespread warbler(Family Parulidae)found in North American forests.We analyzed recordings from the 2021 breeding season to assess song type variation at a local(n=158 birds;Sault Ste.Marie,ON)and breeding range scale(n=512 birds;eBird).We characterized the local song types and tested whether Ovenbirds share song types with their neighbors more often than expected by chance.We then characterized song types of Ovenbirds across the breeding range to determine whether any geographic pattern of song clustering exists(i.e.,macro-dialects).We found 10 distinct song types and some evidence for song type clustering at the local study site(i.e.,song neighborhoods).We found 7 of those 10 song types throughout the breeding range and identified an additional 24 types that were not recorded in our local population.We found no evidence for song dialects across the Ovenbird breeding range.This study contributes to our understanding of Ovenbird song while simultaneously adding to our understanding of geographic structuring of warbler repertoires.Our work contributes to delineating a more comprehensive understanding of factors affecting dialect development for this diverse group of songbirds.
