Utilizing data from 5,481 village-level service stations(VS)in Baoding,China,this study empirically investigates the impact of digital inclusive finance(DIF)and VS infrastructure on rural e-commerce(RE)development.Res...Utilizing data from 5,481 village-level service stations(VS)in Baoding,China,this study empirically investigates the impact of digital inclusive finance(DIF)and VS infrastructure on rural e-commerce(RE)development.Results demonstrate that DIF significantly promotes RE by reducing transaction and financing costs(β=0.783,P<0.01).VS as physical infrastructure significantly drives RE growth(β=0.654,P<0.01).Crucially,DIF and VS exhibit synergistic effects(interactionβ=0.421,P<0.01),producing a“1+1>2”enhancement.Regional economic development,population density,and education levels positively influence RE.Current challenges include financial misallocation,infrastructure deficits,and skill gaps.We propose a“One Core,Three Wings”framework—Core:Develop tailored financial products for specialty industries(luggage,textiles,mushrooms);Wings:(1)Upgrade digital infrastructure,(2)Optimize policy synergy,(3)Enhance inclusive capacity through elderly-friendly technologies and training.Implementation strategies include establishing risk-sharing mechanisms,expanding VS functionality,and creating DIF-RE-VS alliances to foster sustainable rural revitalization.展开更多
The development of rural e-commerce is becoming an important driver for the transformation of China’s rural economy,and with the rapid development of information technology and the upgrading of the agricultural indus...The development of rural e-commerce is becoming an important driver for the transformation of China’s rural economy,and with the rapid development of information technology and the upgrading of the agricultural industry,rural e-commerce is showing a vigorous momentum of development.Traditionally,agricultural products are mainly sold through traditional farmers’markets,which are subjected to geography and channel limitations,resulting in inefficient circulation of agricultural products.This paper analyzes the definition,the status quo,as well as the influencing factors of rural e-commerce development.On this basis,countermeasures for the advancement of rural e-commerce development are put forward.展开更多
The problems existing in the development of agriculture-related enterprises in earthquake area are evaluated,as well as the prominent issues existing in the process of developing E-commerce,consequently,the correspond...The problems existing in the development of agriculture-related enterprises in earthquake area are evaluated,as well as the prominent issues existing in the process of developing E-commerce,consequently,the corresponding strategies for developing E-commerce in agriculture-related enterprises are proposed.展开更多
E-commerce plays an essential role in modern trade today.It is expected that e-commerce volume amounted to 29 trillion USD in the world in 2017,and would grow with the spread of the Internet and information and commun...E-commerce plays an essential role in modern trade today.It is expected that e-commerce volume amounted to 29 trillion USD in the world in 2017,and would grow with the spread of the Internet and information and communication technologies(ICTs).Brazil,Russia,India,China and South Africa(BRICS),together with many others,consider e-commerce a means to facilitate rapid,inclusive and sustainable economic growth,improving the living standards and alleviating poverty.This article examines areas for potential cooperation by BRICS countries in e-commerce development across rural and remote areas to fight poverty.It analyses the current state of e-commerce development in rural and remote areas in each of the BRICS countries,including cases of public and private initiatives to support it.The article also defines the opportunities which e-commerce brings to people living in rural and remote areas.Moreover,it evaluates the existing challenges and risks.The article concludes that despite the rapid e-commerce development in BRICS countries,and significant opportunities created,there are still issues of disproportionate e-commerce in varied regions and the lack of BRICS cooperation in this sphere.Based on a comparative and normative in-depth,systematic analysis,the article develops a set of recommendations for deepening BRICS countries'cooperation in the following areas:infrastructure in rural and remote regions;education;consumer protection;online dispute resolution;coordinated policy in the international scene,including representation of BRICS countries in international indexes,such as the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index(STRI).展开更多
e-commerce as a new trade, in the form of the current globalization of information and economic globalization, is with its strong competitive advantage and vitality, which can quickly spread to all areas of internatio...e-commerce as a new trade, in the form of the current globalization of information and economic globalization, is with its strong competitive advantage and vitality, which can quickly spread to all areas of international business, and it changes in the international economic landscape had a profound impact. E-commerce is based on the rapid development of computer technology and the wide application is on the use of the Internet and advanced communications technology. It changes the the past, traditional physical trading and cash transactions, in a virtualization market, merchandise presentation via the web. With the online payment, the use of advanced materials and distribution logistics systems are for tangible and intangible commodities trading of a new trade. This new types of transactions overturn the traditional transaction methods, so that the whole business process, whether it is in the application of domestic and foreign trade, and has achieved the goal of online shopping and trading. E-commerce international trade transaction cost savings improve the efficiency of transactions; it changes in the foreign trade transaction process, the development of third-party trading platform is increasing the competitiveness of enterprises and the creation of employment opportunities in all aspects of a country＇ s foreign trade and the overall economy have had a significant impact. E-commerce is to establish a new economic and trade order, the already mature in the world trading system and the order is being re-shuffling of the emerging e-commerce trade. China is the world＇ s top-ranked in the world＇ s total import and export trade power, is under the wave of e-commerce, the difficulties, we should seize opportunities, and meet challenges.展开更多
As the "Internet +" action plan proceeds, e-commerce further integrates traditional sectors and increasingly promotes development. In the context of the Belt and Road Initiative, Chinese cross-border e-comme...As the "Internet +" action plan proceeds, e-commerce further integrates traditional sectors and increasingly promotes development. In the context of the Belt and Road Initiative, Chinese cross-border e-commerce, through channel expansion and market share increase, is taking the lead in trade and investment development, and facilitating labor division & coordination, resource & product sharing, as well as opening new markets. To promote the long-term economic development of countries along the Belt and Road, a series of development strategies have been designed, which concern constructing an "online silk road" for cross-border e-commerce, building new trade passages and bridges, innovating traditional trade models, and gathering a trade development momentum.展开更多
Under the background of"Digital Commerce for Rural Vitalization",rural E-commerce has experienced rapid development.However,agricultural products like strawberries,often produced by small-scale,fragmented,an...Under the background of"Digital Commerce for Rural Vitalization",rural E-commerce has experienced rapid development.However,agricultural products like strawberries,often produced by small-scale,fragmented,and less competitive individual farmers,struggle to meet the compliance and scalability demands of E-commerce,thereby constraining high-quality local economic development.Aiming to address this issue,this paper,guided by relevant policies and strategies,employs case analysis and logical deduction to explore the industrialization path of the"Cooperative+E-commerce"model for the strawberry industry.The research finds that by optimizing the cooperative's organizational structure,implementing multi-channel E-commerce strategies,upgrading the supply chain(including cold chain and quality traceability),and engaging in collaborative brand building,a robust industrial system can be formed.Supplemented by benefit evaluation,policy support,and regulatory oversight,this system can effectively bridge small-scale production with the broader market.This study concludes that this pathway can enhance the added value of the strawberry industry,increase farmer incomes,and provide practical insights for promoting high-quality local economic development.展开更多
In the 21st century,which is known as the age of information,the integration of electronic technology and e-commerce has become an irreversible trend in the field of business.This trend not only promotes the innovativ...In the 21st century,which is known as the age of information,the integration of electronic technology and e-commerce has become an irreversible trend in the field of business.This trend not only promotes the innovative development of e-commerce,but also brings unprecedented opportunities and challenges for enterprises.With the continuous development and popularization of Internet technology,more and more people choose to carry out shopping,payment and other consumption activities through e-commerce platforms,which also provides merchants with a broader market space and more sales channels.At the same time,e-commerce also brings more convenience and choice to consumers,making it easier for consumers to obtain the goods and services they need.However,the development of e-commerce has also brought some new challenges,such as how to ensure the quality of goods,how to protect consumer privacy and so on.Therefore,enterprises and government departments need to strengthen the supervision and management of e-commerce to ensure its healthy and orderly development.In general,the integration of electronic technology and e-commerce has become an important trend in today’s business field,which brings both opportunities and challenges to enterprises.展开更多
The integration of the digital economy with the traditional sales industry has prompted the robust growth of e-commerce.Live-streaming e-commerce,as a novel business model,has gained immense popularity.However,is⁃sues...The integration of the digital economy with the traditional sales industry has prompted the robust growth of e-commerce.Live-streaming e-commerce,as a novel business model,has gained immense popularity.However,is⁃sues of regulatory loopholes and inefficacy continue to surface.In live-streaming e-commerce,the head anchor,as host of the live-streaming rooms,wields significant influence in determining the goods to be showcased and marketed.Such influence expands risks such as infringement of intellectual property rights.Yet the uncertainty in law concerning the identity of head anchors results in a lack of accountability.Current norms are inadequate in constraining the group of head anchors.Drawing on the principles of risk control,the alignment between benefit and risk,and the theory of so⁃cial cost control,this paper argues that it is both justifiable and feasible to impose a duty to exercise reasonable care on head anchors.To effectively enshrine this duty in law,it is of great importance to redefine the mechanism of identifying the duty of care of head anchors in live-streaming e-commerce.In particular,the contents of the duty of care under⁃taken by head anchors and the consequences of breaching such a duty of care should be clarified.展开更多
Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant limitations.To address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-li...Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant limitations.To address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-like organoids,to more accurately model early human brain development and disease.To enable more consistent and intuitive reproduction of early brain development,in this study,we incorporated forebrain organoid culture technology into the traditional unguided method of brain organoid culture.This involved embedding organoids in matrigel for only 7 days during the rapid expansion phase of the neural epithelium and then removing them from the matrigel for further cultivation,resulting in a new type of human brain organoid system.This cerebral organoid system replicated the temporospatial characteristics of early human brain development,including neuroepithelium derivation,neural progenitor cell production and maintenance,neuron differentiation and migration,and cortical layer patterning and formation,providing more consistent and reproducible organoids for developmental modeling and toxicology testing.As a proof of concept,we applied the heavy metal cadmium to this newly improved organoid system to test whether it could be used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of environmental toxins.Brain organoids exposed to cadmium for 7 or 14 days manifested severe damage and abnormalities in their neurodevelopmental patterns,including bursts of cortical cell death and premature differentiation.Cadmium exposure caused progressive depletion of neural progenitor cells and loss of organoid integrity,accompanied by compensatory cell proliferation at ectopic locations.The convenience,flexibility,and controllability of this newly developed organoid platform make it a powerful and affordable alternative to animal models for use in neurodevelopmental,neurological,and neurotoxicological studies.展开更多
Developing deep fragmented soft coalbed methane(CBM)can significantly enhance domestic natural gas supplies,reduce reliance on imported energy,and bolster national energy security.This manuscript provides a comprehens...Developing deep fragmented soft coalbed methane(CBM)can significantly enhance domestic natural gas supplies,reduce reliance on imported energy,and bolster national energy security.This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of commonly employed coalbed methane extraction technologies.It then delves into several critical issues in the current stage of CBM exploration and development in China,including the compatibility of existing technologies with CBM reservoirs,the characteristics and occurrence states of CBM reservoirs,critical desorption pressure,and gas generation mechanisms.Our research indicates that current CBM exploration and development technologies in China have reached an internationally advanced level,yet the industry is facing unprecedented challenges.Despite progress in low-permeability,high-value coal seams,significant breakthroughs have not been achieved in exploring other types of coal seams.For different coal reservoirs,integrated extraction technologies have been developed,such as surface pre-depressurisation and segmented hydraulic fracturing of coal seam roof strata.Additionally,techniques like large-scale volume fracturing in horizontal wells have been established,significantly enhancing reservoir stimulation effects and coalbed methane recovery rates.However,all of these technologies are fundamentally based on permeation.These technologies lack direct methods aimed at enhancing the diffusion rate of CBM,thereby failing to fully reflect the unique characteristics of CBM.Current CBM exploration and development theories and technologies are not universally applicable to all coal seams.They do not adequately account for the predominantly adsorbed state of CBM,and the complex and variable gas generation mechanisms further constrain CBM development in China.Finally,continuous exploration of new deep CBM exploration technologies is necessary.Integrating more effective reservoir stimulation technologies is essential to enhance technical adaptability concerning CBM reservoir characteristics,gas occurrence states,and gas generation mechanisms,ultimately achieving efficient CBM development.We conclude that while China possesses a substantial foundation of deep fractured CBM resources,industry development is constrained and requires continuous exploration of new CBM exploration and development technologies to utilize these resources effectively.展开更多
Cross-border e-commerce,as a new form of international trade,has shown great development potential in the context of the“Belt and Road”initiative.Based on the cross-border e-commerce export data from 2015 to 2024,th...Cross-border e-commerce,as a new form of international trade,has shown great development potential in the context of the“Belt and Road”initiative.Based on the cross-border e-commerce export data from 2015 to 2024,this paper analyzes the influencing factors of China's cross-border e-commerce exports to countries along the“Belt and Road”by constructing an econometric model.The study found that factors such as the perfection of digital infrastructure,the efficiency of logistics and transportation,the convenience of payment and settlement,and the penetration rate of consumers online shopping significantly affect the export scale of cross-border e-commerce.Institutional factors such as the development level of e-commerce platforms in countries along the route,market access thresholds,and tariff policies also play an important role.Based on the research results,suggestions are put forward to strengthen the construction of cross-border payment system,optimize the logistics distribution network,promote customs clearance facilitation,and deepen cooperation in the field of e-commerce,to provide references for promoting the development of China's crossborder e-commerce exports to countries along the“Belt and Road.”展开更多
The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and contin...The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and continuous comparison between in vivo retinal development and the organotypic retinal explant culture makes this model controversial in postnatal retinal development studies.Thus,we aimed to verify the feasibility of using this model for postnatal retinal development studies by comparing it with the in vivo retina.In this study,we showed that postnatal retinal explants undergo normal development,and exhibit a consistent structure and timeline with retinas in vivo.Initially,we used SOX2 and PAX6 immunostaining to identify retinal progenitor cells.We then examined cell proliferation and migration by immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin,respectively.Ki-67-and doublecortin-positive cells decreased in both in vivo and explants during postnatal retinogenesis,and exhibited a high degree of similarity in abundance and distribution between groups.Additionally,we used Ceh-10 homeodomain-containing homolog,glutamate-ammonia ligase(glutamine synthetase),neuronal nuclei,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining to examine the emergence of bipolar cells,Müller glia,mature neurons,and microglia,respectively.The timing and spatial patterns of the emergence of these cell types were remarkably consistent between in vivo and explant retinas.Our study showed that the organotypic retinal explant culture model had a high degree of consistency with the progression of in vivo early postnatal retina development.The findings confirm the accuracy and credibility of this model and support its use for long-term,systematic,and continuous observation.展开更多
The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established b...The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established by the World Health Organization(WHO). Reform in China has demonstrated the unwavering confidence and utmost determination of the Chinese government and the Chinese transplantation community. The year 2015 marked a historic turning point when voluntary donations from Chinese citizens became the sole legitimate source for organ transplantation. Since 2015, China has gradually established and refined the “Chinese Mode” and “China System” for organ donation and transplantation, fulfilling its political pledge of reform, and has garnered international recognition, and fostered a social culture which promotes organ donation. This article reviewed the history of reform on organ donation and transplantation in China, presented a new pattern of establishment of organ donation system in the new era of the country, and the direction of advances in the future.展开更多
Phenanthrene(Phe)is one of the common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment,and recent studies show that it can cause cardiac developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity.However,it is still unknown whether...Phenanthrene(Phe)is one of the common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment,and recent studies show that it can cause cardiac developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity.However,it is still unknown whether it can affect the hematopoietic development in aquatic organisms.To address this question,zebrafish(Danio rerio)were chronically exposed to Phe at different concentrations.We found that Phe caused structural damage to the renal tubules in the kidney,induced malformed erythrocytes in peripheral blood,and decreased the proportion of myeloid cells in adult zebrafish,suggesting possible negative impacts that Phe posed to hematopoietic development.Then,using in situ hybridization technology,we found that Phe decreased the expression of primitive hematopoietic marker genes,specifically gata1 and pu.1,accompanied by an obstruction of primitive erythrocyte circulation.Furthermore,Phe impaired definitive hematopoiesis,increased aberrations of the transient hematopoietic site(PBI),and reduced the generation of hematopoietic stem cells,ultimately influencing the number of erythrocytes and myeloid cells.The findings suggested that Phe could induce hematopoietic toxicity in zebrafish embryos and pose unknown ecological risks.展开更多
The leucine-rich repeat(LRR)protein family is involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes in plants,including growth and defense responses.LRR proteins can be divided into two categories:tho...The leucine-rich repeat(LRR)protein family is involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes in plants,including growth and defense responses.LRR proteins can be divided into two categories:those containing LRR domains along with other structural elements,which are further subdivided into five groups,LRR receptor-like kinases,LRR receptor-like proteins,nucleotide-binding site LRR proteins,LRR-extensin proteins,and polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins,and those containing only LRR domains.Functionally,various LRR proteins are primarily involved in plant development and responses to environmental stress.Notably,the LRR protein family plays a central role in signal transduction pathways related to stress adaptation.In this review,we classify and analyze the functions of LRR proteins in plants.While extensive research has been conducted on the roles of LRR proteins in disease resistance signaling,these proteins also play important roles in abiotic stress responses.This review highlights recent advances in understanding how LRR proteins mediate responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.Building upon these insights,further exploration of the roles of LRR proteins in abiotic stress resistance may aid efforts to develop rice varieties with enhanced stress and disease tolerance.展开更多
The mountainous rural regions of China are undergoing enormous changes in space and time.To a certain extent,this change has increased the difficulties in our understanding of rural development in mountainous areas an...The mountainous rural regions of China are undergoing enormous changes in space and time.To a certain extent,this change has increased the difficulties in our understanding of rural development in mountainous areas and brought challenges to development policies and revitalization strategies in mountainous rural regions,especially in karst mountainous areas.In light of the difficulty in and as the key to the development of China's mountainous rural areas,the scientific and systematic construction of indicators for evaluating the level of rural revitalization development and clarifying the level of rural revitalization development and influential factors in karst mountainous areas are of great significance to the implementation of the development of the strategy for the revitalization of the rural areas in karst mountainous areas in China.This study constructed an evaluation index system of the rural regional system and rural revitalization development(RTSRD)from the perspective of rural regional system theory,assessed the spatial differentiation patterns and influential factors of RTSRD,and refined a typical territorial model of rural revitalization development in karst mountainous areas by taking Guizhou Province,a typical karst mountainous region,as a case study area.The evaluation and spatial analyses show that the RTSRD indices of karst mountainous areas in the system perspective show a linear growth trend in all single dimensions,with industrial revitalization(IR)showing the most significant increase each year.In time,the RTSRD of karst mountainous regions has developed from low to high,with evident improvement;spatially,the RTSRD shows the characteristics of‘high in the middle and low in the surroundings,and low in the plateau and low in the depression,'with apparent spatial heterogeneity.In addition,this study found that the spatial and temporal differences in RTSRD result from a combination of endogenous push and exogenous pull in the rural system.In particular,this study has refined a typical regional model of rural revitalization development in karst mountainous regions,which provides theoretical support and case practice for rural development in other karst mountainous regions.At the same time,it provides a basis for decision-making for the county level government and rural development planning.展开更多
Investigations into rail corrugation within metro systems have traditionally focused on specific mechanisms,thereby limiting the generalizability of proposed theories.Understanding the commonalities in rail corrugatio...Investigations into rail corrugation within metro systems have traditionally focused on specific mechanisms,thereby limiting the generalizability of proposed theories.Understanding the commonalities in rail corrugation across diverse metro lines remains pivotal for elucidating its underlying mechanisms.The present study conducted extensive field surveys and tracking tests across 14 Chinese metro lines.By employing t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding(t-SNE)for dimensional reduction and employing the unsupervised clustering algorithm DBSCAN,the research redefines the classification of metro rail corrugation based on characteristic information.The analysis encompassed spatial distribution and temporal evolution of this phenomenon.Findings revealed that floating slab tracks exhibited the highest proportion of rail corrugation at 47%.Notably,ordinary monolithic bed tracks employing damping fasteners were more prone to inducing rail corrugation.Corrugation primarily manifested in curve sections with radii between 300 and 500 m,featuring ordinary monolithic bed track and steel-spring floating slab track structures,with wavelengths typically between 30 and 120 mm.Stick–slip vibrations of the wheel–rail system maybe led to short-wavelength corrugations(40–60 mm),while longer wavelengths(200–300 mm)exhibited distinct fatigue damage characteristics,mainly observed in steel-spring floating slab tracks and small-radius curve sections of ordinary monolithic bed tracks and ladder sleeper tracks.A classification system comprising 57 correlated features categorized metro rail corrugation into four distinct types.These research outcomes serve as critical benchmarks for validating various theories pertaining to rail corrugation formation.展开更多
This study investigates the coordination between regional economic growth and ecological sustainability within the context of high-quality town economy development.To address the challenges of balancing economic expan...This study investigates the coordination between regional economic growth and ecological sustainability within the context of high-quality town economy development.To address the challenges of balancing economic expansion with environmental protection,a comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed,encompassing two key dimensions:regional economy and ecological environment.Using panel data from 2013 to 2022,the coupling coordination degree model is employed to quantify the interactions and synergy between these dimensions.Additionally,spatial econometric methods are applied to calculate both global and local Moran’s Index,revealing spatial clustering patterns,regional disparities,and heterogeneity.The relative development model further identifies critical factors influencing regional coordination,with a focus on the lagging development of basic infrastructure and public services.The findings demonstrate a positive temporal trend toward improved regional coordination and reduced development gaps,with a spatial pattern characterized by higher coupling degrees in eastern and central regions compared to western areas.Based on these results,this study proposes actionable strategies to enhance coordinated development,emphasizing ecological conservation,the establishment of green production and consumption systems,ecological restoration,and strengthened municipal collaboration.This revised abstract emphasizes the study’s purpose,methods,and key findings more clearly while maintaining a professional and concise tone.Finally,based on the above analysis results,the corresponding coordinated development suggestions of regional economy and ecological environment are given from the aspects of ecological environment protection measures,green production and consumption system construction,ecological environment restoration and municipal coordination.展开更多
DNA methylation plays important roles in regulating gene expression during development.However,little is known about the influence of DNA methylation on secondary metabolism during leaf development in the tea plant(Ca...DNA methylation plays important roles in regulating gene expression during development.However,little is known about the influence of DNA methylation on secondary metabolism during leaf development in the tea plant(Camellia sinensis).In this study,we combined the methylome,transcriptome,and metabolome to investigate the dynamic changes in DNA methylation and its potential regulatory roles in secondary metabolite biosynthesis.In this study,the level of genomic DNA methylation increased as leaf development progressed from tender to old leaf.It additionally exhibited a similar distribution across the genomic background at the two distinct developmental stages studied.Notably,integrated analysis of transcriptomic and methylomic data showed that DNA hypermethylation primarily occurred in genes of the phenylpropanoid,flavonoid,and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways.The effect of methylation on transcription of these secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes was dependent on the location of methylation(i.e.,in the promoter,gene or intergenic regions)and the sequence context(i.e.,CpG,CHG,or CHH).Changes in the content of catechins and terpenoids were consistent with the changes in gene transcription and the methylation state of structural genes,such as serine carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferases 1A(SCPL1A),leucoanthocyanidin reductase(LAR),and nerolidol synthase(NES).Our study provides valuable information for dissecting the effects of DNA methylation on regulation of genes involved in secondary metabolism during tea leaf development.展开更多
文摘Utilizing data from 5,481 village-level service stations(VS)in Baoding,China,this study empirically investigates the impact of digital inclusive finance(DIF)and VS infrastructure on rural e-commerce(RE)development.Results demonstrate that DIF significantly promotes RE by reducing transaction and financing costs(β=0.783,P<0.01).VS as physical infrastructure significantly drives RE growth(β=0.654,P<0.01).Crucially,DIF and VS exhibit synergistic effects(interactionβ=0.421,P<0.01),producing a“1+1>2”enhancement.Regional economic development,population density,and education levels positively influence RE.Current challenges include financial misallocation,infrastructure deficits,and skill gaps.We propose a“One Core,Three Wings”framework—Core:Develop tailored financial products for specialty industries(luggage,textiles,mushrooms);Wings:(1)Upgrade digital infrastructure,(2)Optimize policy synergy,(3)Enhance inclusive capacity through elderly-friendly technologies and training.Implementation strategies include establishing risk-sharing mechanisms,expanding VS functionality,and creating DIF-RE-VS alliances to foster sustainable rural revitalization.
基金Research on the Measurement of the Development Level of Rural E-commerce and the Enhancement of Profitability in Guangxi(Project No.2022KY0618).
文摘The development of rural e-commerce is becoming an important driver for the transformation of China’s rural economy,and with the rapid development of information technology and the upgrading of the agricultural industry,rural e-commerce is showing a vigorous momentum of development.Traditionally,agricultural products are mainly sold through traditional farmers’markets,which are subjected to geography and channel limitations,resulting in inefficient circulation of agricultural products.This paper analyzes the definition,the status quo,as well as the influencing factors of rural e-commerce development.On this basis,countermeasures for the advancement of rural e-commerce development are put forward.
基金Supported by Rural Development Research Center of Sichuan Province
文摘The problems existing in the development of agriculture-related enterprises in earthquake area are evaluated,as well as the prominent issues existing in the process of developing E-commerce,consequently,the corresponding strategies for developing E-commerce in agriculture-related enterprises are proposed.
文摘E-commerce plays an essential role in modern trade today.It is expected that e-commerce volume amounted to 29 trillion USD in the world in 2017,and would grow with the spread of the Internet and information and communication technologies(ICTs).Brazil,Russia,India,China and South Africa(BRICS),together with many others,consider e-commerce a means to facilitate rapid,inclusive and sustainable economic growth,improving the living standards and alleviating poverty.This article examines areas for potential cooperation by BRICS countries in e-commerce development across rural and remote areas to fight poverty.It analyses the current state of e-commerce development in rural and remote areas in each of the BRICS countries,including cases of public and private initiatives to support it.The article also defines the opportunities which e-commerce brings to people living in rural and remote areas.Moreover,it evaluates the existing challenges and risks.The article concludes that despite the rapid e-commerce development in BRICS countries,and significant opportunities created,there are still issues of disproportionate e-commerce in varied regions and the lack of BRICS cooperation in this sphere.Based on a comparative and normative in-depth,systematic analysis,the article develops a set of recommendations for deepening BRICS countries'cooperation in the following areas:infrastructure in rural and remote regions;education;consumer protection;online dispute resolution;coordinated policy in the international scene,including representation of BRICS countries in international indexes,such as the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index(STRI).
文摘e-commerce as a new trade, in the form of the current globalization of information and economic globalization, is with its strong competitive advantage and vitality, which can quickly spread to all areas of international business, and it changes in the international economic landscape had a profound impact. E-commerce is based on the rapid development of computer technology and the wide application is on the use of the Internet and advanced communications technology. It changes the the past, traditional physical trading and cash transactions, in a virtualization market, merchandise presentation via the web. With the online payment, the use of advanced materials and distribution logistics systems are for tangible and intangible commodities trading of a new trade. This new types of transactions overturn the traditional transaction methods, so that the whole business process, whether it is in the application of domestic and foreign trade, and has achieved the goal of online shopping and trading. E-commerce international trade transaction cost savings improve the efficiency of transactions; it changes in the foreign trade transaction process, the development of third-party trading platform is increasing the competitiveness of enterprises and the creation of employment opportunities in all aspects of a country＇ s foreign trade and the overall economy have had a significant impact. E-commerce is to establish a new economic and trade order, the already mature in the world trading system and the order is being re-shuffling of the emerging e-commerce trade. China is the world＇ s top-ranked in the world＇ s total import and export trade power, is under the wave of e-commerce, the difficulties, we should seize opportunities, and meet challenges.
基金"E-commerce and Trade Facilitation along the Silk Road Economic Belt"(13SC025),a research program sponsored by Shaanxi Provincial Social Sciences Fund
文摘As the "Internet +" action plan proceeds, e-commerce further integrates traditional sectors and increasingly promotes development. In the context of the Belt and Road Initiative, Chinese cross-border e-commerce, through channel expansion and market share increase, is taking the lead in trade and investment development, and facilitating labor division & coordination, resource & product sharing, as well as opening new markets. To promote the long-term economic development of countries along the Belt and Road, a series of development strategies have been designed, which concern constructing an "online silk road" for cross-border e-commerce, building new trade passages and bridges, innovating traditional trade models, and gathering a trade development momentum.
基金General Project of Philosophy and Social Sciences Research in Universities of Jiangsu Province,2024(2024SJYB1650).
文摘Under the background of"Digital Commerce for Rural Vitalization",rural E-commerce has experienced rapid development.However,agricultural products like strawberries,often produced by small-scale,fragmented,and less competitive individual farmers,struggle to meet the compliance and scalability demands of E-commerce,thereby constraining high-quality local economic development.Aiming to address this issue,this paper,guided by relevant policies and strategies,employs case analysis and logical deduction to explore the industrialization path of the"Cooperative+E-commerce"model for the strawberry industry.The research finds that by optimizing the cooperative's organizational structure,implementing multi-channel E-commerce strategies,upgrading the supply chain(including cold chain and quality traceability),and engaging in collaborative brand building,a robust industrial system can be formed.Supplemented by benefit evaluation,policy support,and regulatory oversight,this system can effectively bridge small-scale production with the broader market.This study concludes that this pathway can enhance the added value of the strawberry industry,increase farmer incomes,and provide practical insights for promoting high-quality local economic development.
文摘In the 21st century,which is known as the age of information,the integration of electronic technology and e-commerce has become an irreversible trend in the field of business.This trend not only promotes the innovative development of e-commerce,but also brings unprecedented opportunities and challenges for enterprises.With the continuous development and popularization of Internet technology,more and more people choose to carry out shopping,payment and other consumption activities through e-commerce platforms,which also provides merchants with a broader market space and more sales channels.At the same time,e-commerce also brings more convenience and choice to consumers,making it easier for consumers to obtain the goods and services they need.However,the development of e-commerce has also brought some new challenges,such as how to ensure the quality of goods,how to protect consumer privacy and so on.Therefore,enterprises and government departments need to strengthen the supervision and management of e-commerce to ensure its healthy and orderly development.In general,the integration of electronic technology and e-commerce has become an important trend in today’s business field,which brings both opportunities and challenges to enterprises.
文摘The integration of the digital economy with the traditional sales industry has prompted the robust growth of e-commerce.Live-streaming e-commerce,as a novel business model,has gained immense popularity.However,is⁃sues of regulatory loopholes and inefficacy continue to surface.In live-streaming e-commerce,the head anchor,as host of the live-streaming rooms,wields significant influence in determining the goods to be showcased and marketed.Such influence expands risks such as infringement of intellectual property rights.Yet the uncertainty in law concerning the identity of head anchors results in a lack of accountability.Current norms are inadequate in constraining the group of head anchors.Drawing on the principles of risk control,the alignment between benefit and risk,and the theory of so⁃cial cost control,this paper argues that it is both justifiable and feasible to impose a duty to exercise reasonable care on head anchors.To effectively enshrine this duty in law,it is of great importance to redefine the mechanism of identifying the duty of care of head anchors in live-streaming e-commerce.In particular,the contents of the duty of care under⁃taken by head anchors and the consequences of breaching such a duty of care should be clarified.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2019YFA0110300(to ZG)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81773302(to YF),32070862(to ZG).
文摘Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant limitations.To address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-like organoids,to more accurately model early human brain development and disease.To enable more consistent and intuitive reproduction of early brain development,in this study,we incorporated forebrain organoid culture technology into the traditional unguided method of brain organoid culture.This involved embedding organoids in matrigel for only 7 days during the rapid expansion phase of the neural epithelium and then removing them from the matrigel for further cultivation,resulting in a new type of human brain organoid system.This cerebral organoid system replicated the temporospatial characteristics of early human brain development,including neuroepithelium derivation,neural progenitor cell production and maintenance,neuron differentiation and migration,and cortical layer patterning and formation,providing more consistent and reproducible organoids for developmental modeling and toxicology testing.As a proof of concept,we applied the heavy metal cadmium to this newly improved organoid system to test whether it could be used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of environmental toxins.Brain organoids exposed to cadmium for 7 or 14 days manifested severe damage and abnormalities in their neurodevelopmental patterns,including bursts of cortical cell death and premature differentiation.Cadmium exposure caused progressive depletion of neural progenitor cells and loss of organoid integrity,accompanied by compensatory cell proliferation at ectopic locations.The convenience,flexibility,and controllability of this newly developed organoid platform make it a powerful and affordable alternative to animal models for use in neurodevelopmental,neurological,and neurotoxicological studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074045,52274074)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Chongqing(CSTB2022NSCQ-JQX0028).
文摘Developing deep fragmented soft coalbed methane(CBM)can significantly enhance domestic natural gas supplies,reduce reliance on imported energy,and bolster national energy security.This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of commonly employed coalbed methane extraction technologies.It then delves into several critical issues in the current stage of CBM exploration and development in China,including the compatibility of existing technologies with CBM reservoirs,the characteristics and occurrence states of CBM reservoirs,critical desorption pressure,and gas generation mechanisms.Our research indicates that current CBM exploration and development technologies in China have reached an internationally advanced level,yet the industry is facing unprecedented challenges.Despite progress in low-permeability,high-value coal seams,significant breakthroughs have not been achieved in exploring other types of coal seams.For different coal reservoirs,integrated extraction technologies have been developed,such as surface pre-depressurisation and segmented hydraulic fracturing of coal seam roof strata.Additionally,techniques like large-scale volume fracturing in horizontal wells have been established,significantly enhancing reservoir stimulation effects and coalbed methane recovery rates.However,all of these technologies are fundamentally based on permeation.These technologies lack direct methods aimed at enhancing the diffusion rate of CBM,thereby failing to fully reflect the unique characteristics of CBM.Current CBM exploration and development theories and technologies are not universally applicable to all coal seams.They do not adequately account for the predominantly adsorbed state of CBM,and the complex and variable gas generation mechanisms further constrain CBM development in China.Finally,continuous exploration of new deep CBM exploration technologies is necessary.Integrating more effective reservoir stimulation technologies is essential to enhance technical adaptability concerning CBM reservoir characteristics,gas occurrence states,and gas generation mechanisms,ultimately achieving efficient CBM development.We conclude that while China possesses a substantial foundation of deep fractured CBM resources,industry development is constrained and requires continuous exploration of new CBM exploration and development technologies to utilize these resources effectively.
文摘Cross-border e-commerce,as a new form of international trade,has shown great development potential in the context of the“Belt and Road”initiative.Based on the cross-border e-commerce export data from 2015 to 2024,this paper analyzes the influencing factors of China's cross-border e-commerce exports to countries along the“Belt and Road”by constructing an econometric model.The study found that factors such as the perfection of digital infrastructure,the efficiency of logistics and transportation,the convenience of payment and settlement,and the penetration rate of consumers online shopping significantly affect the export scale of cross-border e-commerce.Institutional factors such as the development level of e-commerce platforms in countries along the route,market access thresholds,and tariff policies also play an important role.Based on the research results,suggestions are put forward to strengthen the construction of cross-border payment system,optimize the logistics distribution network,promote customs clearance facilitation,and deepen cooperation in the field of e-commerce,to provide references for promoting the development of China's crossborder e-commerce exports to countries along the“Belt and Road.”
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81901156(to ZZ),82271200(to ZZ),82171308(to XC)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.xzy012022035(to ZZ)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,Nos.2021JM-261(to QK),2023-YBSF-303(to ZZ)Traditional Chinese Medicine Project of Shaanxi Province,No.2019-ZZ-JC047(to QK)。
文摘The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and continuous comparison between in vivo retinal development and the organotypic retinal explant culture makes this model controversial in postnatal retinal development studies.Thus,we aimed to verify the feasibility of using this model for postnatal retinal development studies by comparing it with the in vivo retina.In this study,we showed that postnatal retinal explants undergo normal development,and exhibit a consistent structure and timeline with retinas in vivo.Initially,we used SOX2 and PAX6 immunostaining to identify retinal progenitor cells.We then examined cell proliferation and migration by immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin,respectively.Ki-67-and doublecortin-positive cells decreased in both in vivo and explants during postnatal retinogenesis,and exhibited a high degree of similarity in abundance and distribution between groups.Additionally,we used Ceh-10 homeodomain-containing homolog,glutamate-ammonia ligase(glutamine synthetase),neuronal nuclei,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining to examine the emergence of bipolar cells,Müller glia,mature neurons,and microglia,respectively.The timing and spatial patterns of the emergence of these cell types were remarkably consistent between in vivo and explant retinas.Our study showed that the organotypic retinal explant culture model had a high degree of consistency with the progression of in vivo early postnatal retina development.The findings confirm the accuracy and credibility of this model and support its use for long-term,systematic,and continuous observation.
文摘The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established by the World Health Organization(WHO). Reform in China has demonstrated the unwavering confidence and utmost determination of the Chinese government and the Chinese transplantation community. The year 2015 marked a historic turning point when voluntary donations from Chinese citizens became the sole legitimate source for organ transplantation. Since 2015, China has gradually established and refined the “Chinese Mode” and “China System” for organ donation and transplantation, fulfilling its political pledge of reform, and has garnered international recognition, and fostered a social culture which promotes organ donation. This article reviewed the history of reform on organ donation and transplantation in China, presented a new pattern of establishment of organ donation system in the new era of the country, and the direction of advances in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22276117 and 22076108)the Science and Technology Innovation Talent Team Project of Shanxi Province(No.202204051002024).
文摘Phenanthrene(Phe)is one of the common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment,and recent studies show that it can cause cardiac developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity.However,it is still unknown whether it can affect the hematopoietic development in aquatic organisms.To address this question,zebrafish(Danio rerio)were chronically exposed to Phe at different concentrations.We found that Phe caused structural damage to the renal tubules in the kidney,induced malformed erythrocytes in peripheral blood,and decreased the proportion of myeloid cells in adult zebrafish,suggesting possible negative impacts that Phe posed to hematopoietic development.Then,using in situ hybridization technology,we found that Phe decreased the expression of primitive hematopoietic marker genes,specifically gata1 and pu.1,accompanied by an obstruction of primitive erythrocyte circulation.Furthermore,Phe impaired definitive hematopoiesis,increased aberrations of the transient hematopoietic site(PBI),and reduced the generation of hematopoietic stem cells,ultimately influencing the number of erythrocytes and myeloid cells.The findings suggested that Phe could induce hematopoietic toxicity in zebrafish embryos and pose unknown ecological risks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32072048 and U2004204)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFF1001200)+2 种基金China Rice Research Institute Basal Research Fund(Grant No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202404)Academician Workstation of National Nanfan Research Institute(Sanya),Chinese Agricultural Academic Science(CAAS),(Grant Nos.YBXM2422 and YBXM2423)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS,China.
文摘The leucine-rich repeat(LRR)protein family is involved in a variety of fundamental metabolic and signaling processes in plants,including growth and defense responses.LRR proteins can be divided into two categories:those containing LRR domains along with other structural elements,which are further subdivided into five groups,LRR receptor-like kinases,LRR receptor-like proteins,nucleotide-binding site LRR proteins,LRR-extensin proteins,and polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins,and those containing only LRR domains.Functionally,various LRR proteins are primarily involved in plant development and responses to environmental stress.Notably,the LRR protein family plays a central role in signal transduction pathways related to stress adaptation.In this review,we classify and analyze the functions of LRR proteins in plants.While extensive research has been conducted on the roles of LRR proteins in disease resistance signaling,these proteins also play important roles in abiotic stress responses.This review highlights recent advances in understanding how LRR proteins mediate responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.Building upon these insights,further exploration of the roles of LRR proteins in abiotic stress resistance may aid efforts to develop rice varieties with enhanced stress and disease tolerance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42061035)the Guizhou Provincial Program on Commercialization of Scientific and Technological Achievements([2022]010)。
文摘The mountainous rural regions of China are undergoing enormous changes in space and time.To a certain extent,this change has increased the difficulties in our understanding of rural development in mountainous areas and brought challenges to development policies and revitalization strategies in mountainous rural regions,especially in karst mountainous areas.In light of the difficulty in and as the key to the development of China's mountainous rural areas,the scientific and systematic construction of indicators for evaluating the level of rural revitalization development and clarifying the level of rural revitalization development and influential factors in karst mountainous areas are of great significance to the implementation of the development of the strategy for the revitalization of the rural areas in karst mountainous areas in China.This study constructed an evaluation index system of the rural regional system and rural revitalization development(RTSRD)from the perspective of rural regional system theory,assessed the spatial differentiation patterns and influential factors of RTSRD,and refined a typical territorial model of rural revitalization development in karst mountainous areas by taking Guizhou Province,a typical karst mountainous region,as a case study area.The evaluation and spatial analyses show that the RTSRD indices of karst mountainous areas in the system perspective show a linear growth trend in all single dimensions,with industrial revitalization(IR)showing the most significant increase each year.In time,the RTSRD of karst mountainous regions has developed from low to high,with evident improvement;spatially,the RTSRD shows the characteristics of‘high in the middle and low in the surroundings,and low in the plateau and low in the depression,'with apparent spatial heterogeneity.In addition,this study found that the spatial and temporal differences in RTSRD result from a combination of endogenous push and exogenous pull in the rural system.In particular,this study has refined a typical regional model of rural revitalization development in karst mountainous regions,which provides theoretical support and case practice for rural development in other karst mountainous regions.At the same time,it provides a basis for decision-making for the county level government and rural development planning.
基金support extended by the Joint Funds of Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation and Fengtai Rail Transit Frontier Research(Grant No.L211006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Science and technology leading talent team project,Grant No.2022JBXT010)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2023YJS052)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52308426)。
文摘Investigations into rail corrugation within metro systems have traditionally focused on specific mechanisms,thereby limiting the generalizability of proposed theories.Understanding the commonalities in rail corrugation across diverse metro lines remains pivotal for elucidating its underlying mechanisms.The present study conducted extensive field surveys and tracking tests across 14 Chinese metro lines.By employing t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding(t-SNE)for dimensional reduction and employing the unsupervised clustering algorithm DBSCAN,the research redefines the classification of metro rail corrugation based on characteristic information.The analysis encompassed spatial distribution and temporal evolution of this phenomenon.Findings revealed that floating slab tracks exhibited the highest proportion of rail corrugation at 47%.Notably,ordinary monolithic bed tracks employing damping fasteners were more prone to inducing rail corrugation.Corrugation primarily manifested in curve sections with radii between 300 and 500 m,featuring ordinary monolithic bed track and steel-spring floating slab track structures,with wavelengths typically between 30 and 120 mm.Stick–slip vibrations of the wheel–rail system maybe led to short-wavelength corrugations(40–60 mm),while longer wavelengths(200–300 mm)exhibited distinct fatigue damage characteristics,mainly observed in steel-spring floating slab tracks and small-radius curve sections of ordinary monolithic bed tracks and ladder sleeper tracks.A classification system comprising 57 correlated features categorized metro rail corrugation into four distinct types.These research outcomes serve as critical benchmarks for validating various theories pertaining to rail corrugation formation.
基金support from Guangdong Science and Technology(20230505)Guangdong Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project(GD20SQ25)Guangdong Provincial Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy in 2024(Cultivation of College Students’Science and Technology Innovation)(pdjh2024a391)during preparation of this manuscript.
文摘This study investigates the coordination between regional economic growth and ecological sustainability within the context of high-quality town economy development.To address the challenges of balancing economic expansion with environmental protection,a comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed,encompassing two key dimensions:regional economy and ecological environment.Using panel data from 2013 to 2022,the coupling coordination degree model is employed to quantify the interactions and synergy between these dimensions.Additionally,spatial econometric methods are applied to calculate both global and local Moran’s Index,revealing spatial clustering patterns,regional disparities,and heterogeneity.The relative development model further identifies critical factors influencing regional coordination,with a focus on the lagging development of basic infrastructure and public services.The findings demonstrate a positive temporal trend toward improved regional coordination and reduced development gaps,with a spatial pattern characterized by higher coupling degrees in eastern and central regions compared to western areas.Based on these results,this study proposes actionable strategies to enhance coordinated development,emphasizing ecological conservation,the establishment of green production and consumption systems,ecological restoration,and strengthened municipal collaboration.This revised abstract emphasizes the study’s purpose,methods,and key findings more clearly while maintaining a professional and concise tone.Finally,based on the above analysis results,the corresponding coordinated development suggestions of regional economy and ecological environment are given from the aspects of ecological environment protection measures,green production and consumption system construction,ecological environment restoration and municipal coordination.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant Nos.2022A1515111141 and 2023A1515010786)。
文摘DNA methylation plays important roles in regulating gene expression during development.However,little is known about the influence of DNA methylation on secondary metabolism during leaf development in the tea plant(Camellia sinensis).In this study,we combined the methylome,transcriptome,and metabolome to investigate the dynamic changes in DNA methylation and its potential regulatory roles in secondary metabolite biosynthesis.In this study,the level of genomic DNA methylation increased as leaf development progressed from tender to old leaf.It additionally exhibited a similar distribution across the genomic background at the two distinct developmental stages studied.Notably,integrated analysis of transcriptomic and methylomic data showed that DNA hypermethylation primarily occurred in genes of the phenylpropanoid,flavonoid,and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways.The effect of methylation on transcription of these secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes was dependent on the location of methylation(i.e.,in the promoter,gene or intergenic regions)and the sequence context(i.e.,CpG,CHG,or CHH).Changes in the content of catechins and terpenoids were consistent with the changes in gene transcription and the methylation state of structural genes,such as serine carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferases 1A(SCPL1A),leucoanthocyanidin reductase(LAR),and nerolidol synthase(NES).Our study provides valuable information for dissecting the effects of DNA methylation on regulation of genes involved in secondary metabolism during tea leaf development.
