In Chin.Phys.B 34114704(2025),Eq.(7)and the associated unit notation were incorrect.The correct ones are present here.Since Eq.(7)is an in-built expression in the simulation package,the correction is purely typographi...In Chin.Phys.B 34114704(2025),Eq.(7)and the associated unit notation were incorrect.The correct ones are present here.Since Eq.(7)is an in-built expression in the simulation package,the correction is purely typographical and does not affect the simulation procedure,numerical results,or the conclusions.展开更多
The growing need for sustainable energy solutions,driven by rising energy shortages,environmental concerns,and the depletion of conventional energy sources,has led to a significant focus on renewable energy.Solar ener...The growing need for sustainable energy solutions,driven by rising energy shortages,environmental concerns,and the depletion of conventional energy sources,has led to a significant focus on renewable energy.Solar energy,among the various renewable sources,is particularly appealing due to its abundant availability.However,the efficiency of commercial solar photovoltaic(PV)modules is hindered by several factors,notably their conversion efficiency,which averages around 19%.This efficiency can further decline to 10%–16%due to temperature increases during peak sunlight hours.This study investigates the cooling of PV modules by applying water to their front surface through Computational fluid dynamics(CFD).The study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for cooling the PV module by analyzing the interplay between water film thickness,Reynolds number,and their effects on temperature reduction and heat transfer.The CFD analysis revealed that the most effective cooling condition occurred with a 5 mm thick water film and a Reynolds number of 10.These specific parameters were found to maximize the heat transfer and temperature reduction efficiency.This finding is crucial for the development of practical and efficient cooling systems for PV modules,potentially leading to improved performance and longevity of solar panels.Alternative cooling fluids or advanced cooling techniques that might offer even better efficiency or practical benefits.展开更多
Chassis-by-wire technology has gained significant attention,with the scope of chassis domain control expanding from traditional two-dimensional plane motion control to encompass three-dimensional space motion control....Chassis-by-wire technology has gained significant attention,with the scope of chassis domain control expanding from traditional two-dimensional plane motion control to encompass three-dimensional space motion control.Modern chassis-by-wire systems manage an increasing number of heterogeneous chassis execution systems,including distributed drive,all-wheel drive(AWD),brake-by-wire(BBW),steer-by-wire(SBW),rear-wheel steering(RWS),active stabilizer bar(ASB)and active suspension system(ASS),greatly enhancing the controllable degrees of freedom compared to conventional chassis configurations.To advance research in chassis domain control,it is essential to understand how these heterogeneous execution systems influence vehicle dynamics.This paper focuses on the modeling and analysis of the lateral,longitudinal,and vertical chassis control and execution systems,-as well as their impact on vehicle lateral motion.Using a vehicle simulation platform,both the vehicle dynamics model and the individual dynamics models of each execution system were developed to analyze the influence of these systems on lateral dynamics.Additionally,a hierarchical control architecture was designed to control the vehicle’s lateral stability.The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme was demonstrated and validated through hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)tests and real-world vehicle testing.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the antibacterial potential of bioactive compounds from Persicaria hydropiper(L.)(P.hydropiper)against bacterial virulence proteins through molecular docking(MD)and experimental validation.Method...Objective To evaluate the antibacterial potential of bioactive compounds from Persicaria hydropiper(L.)(P.hydropiper)against bacterial virulence proteins through molecular docking(MD)and experimental validation.Methods Six bioactive compounds from P.hydropiper were investigated:catechin(CAT1),hyperin(HYP1),ombuin(OMB1),pinosylvin(PSV1),quercetin 3-sulfate(QSF1),and scutellarein(SCR1).Their binding affinities and potential binding pockets were assessed through MD against four bacterial target proteins with Protein Data Bank identifiers(PDB IDs):topoisomerase IV from Escherichia coli(E.coli)(PDB ID:3FV5),Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)gyrase ATPase binding domain(PDB ID:3U2K),CviR from Chromobacterium violaceum(C.violaceum)(PDB ID:3QP1),and glycosyl hydrolase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)(PDB ID:5BX9).Molecular dynamics simulations(MDS)were performed on the most promising compound-protein complexes for 50 nanoseconds(ns).Drug-likeness was evaluated using Lipinski's Rule of Five(RO5),followed by absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion,and toxicity(ADMET)analysis using SwissADME and pkCSM web servers.Antibacterial activity was evaluated through disc diffusion assays,testing both individual compounds and combinations with conventional antibiotics[cefotaxime(CTX1,30μg/disc),ceftazidime(CAZ1,30μg/disc),and piperacillin(PIP1,100μg/disc)].Results MD revealed strong binding affinity(ranging from-9.3 to-5.9 kcal/mol)for all compounds,with CAT1 showing exceptional binding to 3QP1(-9.3 kcal/mol)and 5BX9(-8.4 kcal/mol).MDS confirmed the stability of CAT1-protein complexes with binding free energies of-84.71 kJ/mol(5BX9-CAT1)and-95.59 kJ/mol(3QP1-CAT1).Five compounds(CAT1,SCR1,PSV1,OMB1,and QSF1)complied with Lipinski's RO5 and showed favorable ADMET profiles.All compounds were non-carcinogenic,with CAT1 classified in the lowest toxicity class(VI).In antibacterial assays,CAT1 demonstrated significant activity against both gram-positive bacteria[Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoniae),S.aureus,and Bacillus cereus(B.cereus)][zone diameter of inhibition(ZDI):10-22 mm]and gram-negative bacteria[Acinetobacter baumannii(A.baumannii),E.coli,and P.aeruginosa](ZDI:14-27 mm).Synergistic effects were observed when CAT1 was combined with antibiotics and the growth inhibitory indices(GII)was 0.69-1.00.Conclusion P.hydropiper bioactive compounds,particularly CAT1,show promising antibacterial potential through multiple mechanisms,including direct inhibition of bacterial virulence proteins and synergistic activity with conventional antibiotics.The favorable pharmacological properties and low toxicity profiles support their potential development as therapeutic agents against bacterial infections.展开更多
The 53rd issue of Financial Innovation(FIN),Volume 11,No.5(2025),features 21 papers that can be classified into four main themes:the Special Issue on The Anomie of Artificial Intelligence(AI)in Finance:Bridging the Ga...The 53rd issue of Financial Innovation(FIN),Volume 11,No.5(2025),features 21 papers that can be classified into four main themes:the Special Issue on The Anomie of Artificial Intelligence(AI)in Finance:Bridging the Gap Between Technical Power and Human Wisdom,and Financial Markets and Investments,Economic and Policy Analysis,Corporate Governance and Related Market Dynamics.展开更多
Background: There is a notable scarcity of comprehensive bibliometric studies examining plastic surgery research across extended or recent timeframes and diverse regions in relevant journals. The major objective of th...Background: There is a notable scarcity of comprehensive bibliometric studies examining plastic surgery research across extended or recent timeframes and diverse regions in relevant journals. The major objective of this study was to comprehensively map historical trends and the global distribution of plastic surgery research efforts.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis(using the Scopus database) of 35 core plastic surgery journals identified in these studies. All the data were extracted from the Scopus database in June 2025.The timeframe was set from 1946 to June 2025, and only original research and review articles were included in the detailed analysis. Countries(Regions) were grouped into seven regions(Europe, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East,Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, and the United States as standalone categories) to examine regional publication trends.Results: From 1946 to June 2025, 208 381 documents were published in 35 journals, of which 162 014 were eligible for analysis. The annual publication output has grown steadily, peaking at 8 277 by 2024. The United States led with 66 174 publications, followed by Europe(46 688), and Asia(31 785). Citation analysis of the top100 regional papers revealed that the United States(70 530 citations) was the most impactful, followed by Europe(43 869), Asia(28 657), and Australia and New Zealand(23 409). The 100 most-cited papers globally accrued 78 833 citations, were dominated by United States-based contributions(71%), and were primarily published in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery(57 papers). Chung KC, Mulliken JB, and Coleman SR emerged as the top authors(among the 100 most-cited global publications). Authors' performance is presented as the number of publications, citations, h-index, g-index, m-index, HG composite, and Q2 index.Conclusion: This study extends prior bibliometric investigations by offering a complete historical and geographical perspective on plastic surgery research. This inclusive, regionalized methodology provides a robust framework for future benchmarking and global equity assessments in surgical scholarship.展开更多
Background:Facelift procedures represent a critical area of aesthetic and reconstructive surgery that addresses the physical and psychological impacts of facial aging.Advancements in techniques and technologies over t...Background:Facelift procedures represent a critical area of aesthetic and reconstructive surgery that addresses the physical and psychological impacts of facial aging.Advancements in techniques and technologies over time have transformed the field,making it essential to assess the evolution of research trends.This study performed a bibliometric analysis of facelift research by examining the top 50 most cited publications to evaluate their contributions,thematic evolution,and collaborative networks.Methods:The Scopus database was used to identify relevant publications.A total of 50 documents were selected,comprising 47 articles and 3 reviews published across 16 academic sources.The inclusion criteria focused on publications with substantial relevance to facelift research;this ensured comprehensive coverage of the topic.Key performance indicators(for the authors)such as the number of papers,total citations,h-index,g-index,m-index,HG composite,and Q2 index were calculated.Citation analysis and collaborative network mapping were conducted to identify the leading contributors,including authors,universities,countries,and sources.Results:The findings indicated an annual growth rate of 1.34%,with an average document age of 29.4 years and an average citation count per document of 134.9.The analysis identified the top authors and their collaborative networks,along with key contributions from various universities,countries,and sources.The thematic evolution of facelift research was examined across these 50 papers;this revealed important trends and shifts within the field.Conclusion:This bibliometric analysis offers valuable insights into the development and influence of facelift research over a 52-year span.It highlights significant contributors and outlines thematic shifts,providing directions for future research and collaboration in this field.展开更多
Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to establish a more realistic model of nanoscale boiling phase transitions.We examined the effects of different configurations of nanoscale sinusoidal protrusions and surfa...Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to establish a more realistic model of nanoscale boiling phase transitions.We examined the effects of different configurations of nanoscale sinusoidal protrusions and surface wettability on the phase transition behavior of systems containing insoluble gases under continuous heat flux input.To enhance the clarity and comparability of the results,a quantitative evaluation method was introduced.The findings reveal that,under identical wettability conditions,increasing the number of sinusoidal protrusions accelerates the onset of phase transition.In contrast,for a fixed number of protrusions,higher surface wettability delays the initiation of the phase change.By incorporating regression analysis to quantify the phase transition process and compare influencing factors,it was observed that although high wettability generally inhibits phase transition,the synergistic interaction between surface structure and wettability ultimately facilitates the phase transition process.展开更多
The structure of water and proton transfer under nanoscale confinement has garnered significant attention due to its crucial role in elucidating various phenomena across multiple scientific disciplines.However,there r...The structure of water and proton transfer under nanoscale confinement has garnered significant attention due to its crucial role in elucidating various phenomena across multiple scientific disciplines.However,there remains a lack of consensus on fundamental properties such as diffusion behavior and the nature of hydrogen bonding in confined environments.In this work,we investigated the influence of confinement on proton transfer in water confined within graphene sheets at various spacings by ab initio molecule dynamic and multiscale analysis with time evolution of structural properties,graph theory and persistent homology.We found that reducing the graphene interlayer distance while maintaining water density close to that of bulk water leads to a decrease in proton transfer frequency.In contrast,reducing the interlayer distance without maintaining bulk-like water density results in an increase in proton transfer frequency.This difference is mainly due to the confinement conditions:when density is unchanged,the hydrogen bond network remains similar with significant layering,while compressive stress that increases density leads to a more planar hydrogen bond network,promoting faster proton transfer.Our findings elucidate the complex relationship between confinement and proton transfer dynamics,with implications for understanding proton transport in confined environments,relevant to energy storage and material design.展开更多
The interfacial thermal resistance(ITR)at material interfaces has emerged as a critical factor in the thermal management of micro/nanoelectronic devices and composite materials.Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics...The interfacial thermal resistance(ITR)at material interfaces has emerged as a critical factor in the thermal management of micro/nanoelectronic devices and composite materials.Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations,we systematically investigate how simulation parameters affect the calculated ITR in Si/Ge heterojunctions.Our results demonstrate that the ITR decreases with increasing system length L_(sys)and thermal bath length L_(bath).We identify linear relationships between ITR and the inverse of both L_(sys)and L_(bath),enabling reliable extrapolation to infinite-system values.While the thermostat coupling constantτshows a negligible influence on ITR,excessively large values(τ>5 ps)compromise temperature control accuracy.Spectral analysis reveals that these size effects primarily originate from mid-to-low-frequency phonons(<6 THz),whose long mean free paths make their transport particularly sensitive to system dimensions.This work establishes fundamental guidelines for parameter selection in interfacial thermal transport simulations,while providing new insights into phonon-interface interactions.The findings offer valuable implications for thermal design in high-power devices and composite materials,where accurate ITR prediction is crucial for performance optimization.展开更多
Desertification is a global crucial ecological and environmental issue,and China is among the countries most seriously affected by desertification.In recent decades,numerous independent studies on desertification dyna...Desertification is a global crucial ecological and environmental issue,and China is among the countries most seriously affected by desertification.In recent decades,numerous independent studies on desertification dynamics have been carried out using remote sensing technology,but there has been a lack of systematic research on desertification trends in China.This study employed the meta-analysis to integrate the findings of 140 published research cases and examined the dynamics of desertification in the eight major deserts,four major sandy lands,and their surrounding areas in China from 1970 to 2019,with a comparative analysis of differences between the eastern(including the Mu Us Sandy Land,the Otindag Sandy Land,the Hulunbuir Sandy Land,the Horqin Sandy Land,and the Hobq Desert)and western(including the Taklimakan Desert,the Gurbantunggut Desert,the Kumtagh Desert,the Ulan Buh Desert,the Qaidam Basin Desert,the Badain Jaran Desert,and the Tengger Desert)regions.The results revealed that from 1970 to 2019,desertification first expanded and then reversed in the whole region.Specifically,desertification expanded from 1980 to 1999 and reversed after 2000.The desertification trend exhibited distinct spatio-temporal variations between the eastern and western regions.From 1970 to 2019,the western region experienced relatively minor changes in desertified land area compared to the eastern region.In the context of global climate change,beneficial climatic conditions and ecological construction projects played a crucial role in reversing desertification.These findings provide valuable insights for understanding the development patterns of desertification in the most representative deserts and sandy lands in China and formulating effective desertification control strategies.展开更多
The complex vibration directly affects the dynamic safety of drill string in ultra-deep wells and extra-deep wells.It is important to understand the dynamic characteristics of drill string to ensure the safety of dril...The complex vibration directly affects the dynamic safety of drill string in ultra-deep wells and extra-deep wells.It is important to understand the dynamic characteristics of drill string to ensure the safety of drill string.Due to the super slenderness ratio of drill string,strong nonlinearity implied in dynamic analysis and the complex load environment,dynamic simulation of drill string faces great challenges.At present,many simulation methods have been developed to analyze drill string dynamics,and node iteration method is one of them.The node iteration method has a unique advantage in dealing with the contact characteristics between drill string and borehole wall,but its drawback is that the calculation consumes a considerable amount of time.This paper presents a dynamic simulation method of drilling string in extra-deep well based on successive over-relaxation node iterative method(SOR node iteration method).Through theoretical analysis and numerical examples,the correctness and validity of this method were verified,and the dynamics characteristics of drill string in extra-deep wells were calculated and analyzed.The results demonstrate that,in contrast to the conventional node iteration method,the SOR node iteration method can increase the computational efficiency by 48.2%while achieving comparable results.And the whirl trajectory of the extra-deep well drill string is extremely complicated,the maximum rotational speed downhole is approximately twice the rotational speed on the ground.The dynamic torque increases rapidly at the position of the bottom stabilizer,and the lateral vibration in the middle and lower parts of drill string is relatively intense.展开更多
Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macro...Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macrophages have been poorly understood and largely overlooked. However, a recent study reported that border-associated macrophages participate in stroke-induced inflammation, although many details and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive single-cell analysis of mouse border-associated macrophages using sequencing data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database(GSE174574 and GSE225948). Differentially expressed genes were identified, and enrichment analysis was performed to identify the transcription profile of border-associated macrophages. CellChat analysis was conducted to determine the cell communication network of border-associated macrophages. Transcription factors were predicted using the ‘pySCENIC' tool. We found that, in response to hypoxia, borderassociated macrophages underwent dynamic transcriptional changes and participated in the regulation of inflammatory-related pathways. Notably, the tumor necrosis factor pathway was activated by border-associated macrophages following ischemic stroke. The pySCENIC analysis indicated that the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3) was obviously upregulated in stroke, suggesting that Stat3 inhibition may be a promising strategy for treating border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation. Finally, we constructed an animal model to investigate the effects of border-associated macrophages depletion following a stroke. Treatment with liposomes containing clodronate significantly reduced infarct volume in the animals and improved neurological scores compared with untreated animals. Taken together, our results demonstrate comprehensive changes in border-associated macrophages following a stroke, providing a theoretical basis for targeting border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation in stroke treatment.展开更多
Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections...Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections to the classical turbulent energy cascade and its mass cascade counterpart running in parallel.In particular,the formation and dynamics of sediment and larvae clusters are of interest to coral larvae settlement in coastal regions and particularly the resilience of green-gray coastal protection solutions.Analogous cluster behavior is relevant to cloud microphysics and precipitation initiation,radiation transport and light transmission through colloids and suspensions,heat and mass transfer in particle-laden flows,and viral and pollutant transmission.Following a comparison between various clustering techniques,we adopt a density-based cluster identification algorithm based on its simplicity and efficiency,where particles are clustered based on the number of neighboring particles in their individual spheres of influence.We establish parallels with lattice-based percolation theory,as evident in the power-law scaling of the cluster size distribution near the percolation threshold.The degree of discontinuity of the phase transition associated with this percolation threshold is observed to broaden with larger Stokes numbers and thereby large-scale clustering.The sensitivity of our findings to the employed clustering algorithm is discussed.A novel cluster tracking algorithm is deployed to determine the interscale transfer rate along the particle-number phase-space dimension via accounting of cluster breakup and merger events,extending previous work on the bubble breakup cascade beneath surface breaking waves.Our findings shed light on the interaction between particle clusters and their carrier turbulent flows,with an eye toward transport models incorporating cluster characteristics and dynamics.展开更多
The mixing injection of natural gas and pulverized coal into the blast furnaces shows a promising technological approach in the context of global carbon reduction initiatives.Carrier gas and coal pass through the air ...The mixing injection of natural gas and pulverized coal into the blast furnaces shows a promising technological approach in the context of global carbon reduction initiatives.Carrier gas and coal pass through the air inlet of coal lance,and the characteristics of carrier gas affect the flow in the air inlet and the combustion efficiency of coal,so it is very important to study the change of carrier gas charac-teristics in the lower part of blast furnace.By means of numerical simulation,the influence of carrier gas characteristics(injection rate,composition,and temperature)on the mixed combustion of natural gas(NG)and pulverized coal in the tuyere raceway of Russian blast furnace was analyzed.When N_(2) is used as carrier gas,the injection rate of carrier gas is reduced from 4000 to 2000 m3/h,the average tuy-ere temperature is increased(1947.42 to 1963.30 K),the mole fractions of CO and H_(2) are increased,and the burnout rate of pulverized coal is decreased.Increasing the carrier gas temperature is helpful to improve the burnout of pulverized coal.For every 20 K increase of carrier gas temperature,the average temperature in the raceway increases by 20.6 K,which promotes the release and combustion of volat-iles,but the increase of carrier gas temperature from 373 to 393 K only leads to 1.16%burnout change.Considering the transportation characteristics of pulverized coal,it is suggested that the carrier gas temperature should be kept at about 373 K to obtain the best perform-ance.It is worth noting that when air is used as carrier gas,the burnout rate of pulverized coal is increased by 2.69%compared with N_(2).展开更多
This study investigates using an antioxidation copper particle-free paste,formulated with self-reducing copper formate,for Cu-Cu bonding in electronic packaging applications.The research highlights the oxidation resis...This study investigates using an antioxidation copper particle-free paste,formulated with self-reducing copper formate,for Cu-Cu bonding in electronic packaging applications.The research highlights the oxidation resistance of copper formate compared to traditional copper nanoparticles(CuNPs)and its ability to generate CuNPs through thermal decomposition.Experimental results demonstrate that the sintering process benefits from releasing reductive gases during decomposition,improving joint quality with reduced porosity and enhanced mechanical strength at elevated temperatures.Molecular dynamics simulations further elucidate the sintering behavior of CuNPs,providing significant insights into pore collapse,atomic mobility,and neck formation.The findings indicate that increased temperatures enhance surface and bulk diffusion,facilitating robust particle connections.Overall,this work establishes the potential of copper formate for achieving reliable interconnects in semiconductor devices,paving the way for advancements in material formulations for direct copper–copper bonding.展开更多
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy(RT)is a cornerstone of cancer treatment.Compared with conven-tional high-dose radiation,low-dose radiation(LDR)causes less damage to normal tissues while potentially modulating immune responses...BACKGROUND Radiotherapy(RT)is a cornerstone of cancer treatment.Compared with conven-tional high-dose radiation,low-dose radiation(LDR)causes less damage to normal tissues while potentially modulating immune responses and inhibiting tumor growth.LDR stimulates both innate and adaptive immunity,enhancing the activity of natural killer cells,dendritic cells,and T cells.However,the me-chanisms underlying the effects of LDR on the immune system remain unclear.AIM To explore the history,research hotspots,and emerging trends in immune response to LDR literature over the past two decades.METHODS Publications on immune responses to LDR were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection.Bibliometric tools,including CiteSpace and HistCite,were used to identify historical features,active topics,and emerging trends in this field.RESULTS Analysis of 1244 publications over the past two decades revealed a significant surge in research on immune responses to LDR,particularly in the last decade.Key journals such as INR J Radiat Biol,Cancers,and Radiat Res published pivotal studies.Citation networks identified key studies by authors like Twyman-Saint Victor C(2015)and Vanpouille-Box C(2017).Keyword analysis revealed hotspots such as ipilimumab,stereotactic body RT,and targeted therapy,possibly identifying future research directions.Temporal variations in keyword clusters and alluvial flow maps illustrate the evolution of research themes over time.CONCLUSION This bibliometric analysis provides valuable insights into the evolution of studies on responses to LDR,highlights research trends,and identifies emerging areas for further investigation.展开更多
First,statistics on the operational lines and mileage of urban rail transit in China are conducted.The results show that,as of Dec.31,2025,there were 60 cities with urban rail transit in operation nationwide,with a to...First,statistics on the operational lines and mileage of urban rail transit in China are conducted.The results show that,as of Dec.31,2025,there were 60 cities with urban rail transit in operation nationwide,with a total operational mileage of approximately 12837.8 km(excluding the electronic guideway rubber-tired system,there were 57 cities,with a total operational mileage of 12651.6 km).The metro system dominates,while low-capacity systems exhibit a multi-modal development pattern.Subsequently,the characteristics of China′s urban rail transit industry development are analyzed,indicating that:(1)It should closely align with the theme of urban intensive development,promote quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of existing lines,and focus on the supporting role of initial passenger flow for new line construction,multi-network integration,and economic and financial sustainability.(2)Significant innovative achievements have been made in safety resilience,green and low-carbon development,intelligent construction,and digital transformation.Finally,development recommendations for the"15th Five-Year Plan"period are proposed:promoting cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the rail transit industry,enhancing the operational efficiency of existing networks,continuously exploring railway services for urban commuting,strengthening external exchanges,and driving the"going global"strategy of the urban rail transit industry.展开更多
Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'...Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine]were successfully synthesized by the volatilization of the solution at room temperature.The crystal structures of six complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technology.The results showed that the complexes all have a binuclear structure,and the structures contain free ethanol molecules.Moreover,the coordination number of the central metal of each structural unit is eight.Adjacent structural units interact with each other through hydrogen bonds and further expand to form 1D chain-like and 2D planar structures.After conducting a systematic study on the luminescence properties of complexes 1-4,their emission and excitation spectra were obtained.Experimental results indicated that the fluorescence lifetimes of complexes 2 and 3 were 0.807 and 0.845 ms,respectively.The emission spectral data of complexes 1-4 were imported into the CIE chromaticity coordinate system,and their corre sponding luminescent regions cover the yellow light,red light,green light,and orange-red light bands,respectively.Within the temperature range of 299.15-1300 K,the thermal decomposition processes of the six complexes were comprehensively analyzed by using TG-DSC/FTIR/MS technology.The hypothesis of the gradual loss of ligand groups during the decomposition process was verified by detecting the escaped gas,3D infrared spectroscopy,and ion fragment information detected by mass spectrometry.The specific decomposition path is as follows:firstly,free ethanol molecules and neutral ligands are removed,and finally,acidic ligands are released;the final product is the corresponding metal oxide.CCDC:2430420,1;2430422,2;2430419,3;2430424,4;2430421,5;2430423,6.展开更多
Metal foils have emerged as one of the promising materials for anode-free batteries due to their high energy density and scalability in production.The unclear lithium plating/stripping kinetics of metal foil current c...Metal foils have emerged as one of the promising materials for anode-free batteries due to their high energy density and scalability in production.The unclear lithium plating/stripping kinetics of metal foil current collectors in anode-free batteries was addressed by using the non-destructive distribution of relaxation times(DRT)analysis to systematically investigate the lithium transport behavior of 14 metal foils and its correlation with electrochemical performance.By integrating energy-dispersive spectro scopy(EDS),cyclic voltammetry(CV),and galvanostatic testing,the exceptional properties of indium(In),tin(Sn),and silver(Ag)were revealed:the Li-In alloying reaction exhibits high reversibility,Li-Sn alloys demonstrate outstanding cycling stability,and the Li-Ag solid-solution mechanism provides an ideal lithium deposition interface on the silver substrate.The DRT separates the polarization internal resistance of lithium ions passing through the SEI layer(R_(sei),τ2)and the polarization internal resistance of lithium ions undergoing charge transfer reaction at the electrolyte/electrode interface(R_(ct),τ3)by decoupling the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).For the first time,the correlation betweenτ2,τ3,and the cycle life/Coulombic efficiency of alloy/solid-solution metals was established,while non-alloy metals are not suitable for this method due to differences in lithium deposition mechanisms.This study not only illuminates the structure-property relationship governing the lithium kinetics of metal foil electrodes but also provides a novel non-destructive analytical strategy and theoretical guidance for the rational design of stable anodes in high-energy-density batteries,facilitating the efficient screening and optimization of anode-free battery.展开更多
文摘In Chin.Phys.B 34114704(2025),Eq.(7)and the associated unit notation were incorrect.The correct ones are present here.Since Eq.(7)is an in-built expression in the simulation package,the correction is purely typographical and does not affect the simulation procedure,numerical results,or the conclusions.
文摘The growing need for sustainable energy solutions,driven by rising energy shortages,environmental concerns,and the depletion of conventional energy sources,has led to a significant focus on renewable energy.Solar energy,among the various renewable sources,is particularly appealing due to its abundant availability.However,the efficiency of commercial solar photovoltaic(PV)modules is hindered by several factors,notably their conversion efficiency,which averages around 19%.This efficiency can further decline to 10%–16%due to temperature increases during peak sunlight hours.This study investigates the cooling of PV modules by applying water to their front surface through Computational fluid dynamics(CFD).The study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for cooling the PV module by analyzing the interplay between water film thickness,Reynolds number,and their effects on temperature reduction and heat transfer.The CFD analysis revealed that the most effective cooling condition occurred with a 5 mm thick water film and a Reynolds number of 10.These specific parameters were found to maximize the heat transfer and temperature reduction efficiency.This finding is crucial for the development of practical and efficient cooling systems for PV modules,potentially leading to improved performance and longevity of solar panels.Alternative cooling fluids or advanced cooling techniques that might offer even better efficiency or practical benefits.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52325212,52372394)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFE0117100,2021YFB2501201)+1 种基金Industry-University-Research Innovation Fund for Chinese Universities(Grand No.2024HT010)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Chassis-by-wire technology has gained significant attention,with the scope of chassis domain control expanding from traditional two-dimensional plane motion control to encompass three-dimensional space motion control.Modern chassis-by-wire systems manage an increasing number of heterogeneous chassis execution systems,including distributed drive,all-wheel drive(AWD),brake-by-wire(BBW),steer-by-wire(SBW),rear-wheel steering(RWS),active stabilizer bar(ASB)and active suspension system(ASS),greatly enhancing the controllable degrees of freedom compared to conventional chassis configurations.To advance research in chassis domain control,it is essential to understand how these heterogeneous execution systems influence vehicle dynamics.This paper focuses on the modeling and analysis of the lateral,longitudinal,and vertical chassis control and execution systems,-as well as their impact on vehicle lateral motion.Using a vehicle simulation platform,both the vehicle dynamics model and the individual dynamics models of each execution system were developed to analyze the influence of these systems on lateral dynamics.Additionally,a hierarchical control architecture was designed to control the vehicle’s lateral stability.The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme was demonstrated and validated through hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)tests and real-world vehicle testing.
基金Research Grants of Senior Research Fellowship in favor of first author(Gloak Majumdar)from Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR,New Delhi,Government of India)(CSIR-SRF)with Award No.09/1151/(0008)2020-EMR-I.
文摘Objective To evaluate the antibacterial potential of bioactive compounds from Persicaria hydropiper(L.)(P.hydropiper)against bacterial virulence proteins through molecular docking(MD)and experimental validation.Methods Six bioactive compounds from P.hydropiper were investigated:catechin(CAT1),hyperin(HYP1),ombuin(OMB1),pinosylvin(PSV1),quercetin 3-sulfate(QSF1),and scutellarein(SCR1).Their binding affinities and potential binding pockets were assessed through MD against four bacterial target proteins with Protein Data Bank identifiers(PDB IDs):topoisomerase IV from Escherichia coli(E.coli)(PDB ID:3FV5),Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)gyrase ATPase binding domain(PDB ID:3U2K),CviR from Chromobacterium violaceum(C.violaceum)(PDB ID:3QP1),and glycosyl hydrolase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)(PDB ID:5BX9).Molecular dynamics simulations(MDS)were performed on the most promising compound-protein complexes for 50 nanoseconds(ns).Drug-likeness was evaluated using Lipinski's Rule of Five(RO5),followed by absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion,and toxicity(ADMET)analysis using SwissADME and pkCSM web servers.Antibacterial activity was evaluated through disc diffusion assays,testing both individual compounds and combinations with conventional antibiotics[cefotaxime(CTX1,30μg/disc),ceftazidime(CAZ1,30μg/disc),and piperacillin(PIP1,100μg/disc)].Results MD revealed strong binding affinity(ranging from-9.3 to-5.9 kcal/mol)for all compounds,with CAT1 showing exceptional binding to 3QP1(-9.3 kcal/mol)and 5BX9(-8.4 kcal/mol).MDS confirmed the stability of CAT1-protein complexes with binding free energies of-84.71 kJ/mol(5BX9-CAT1)and-95.59 kJ/mol(3QP1-CAT1).Five compounds(CAT1,SCR1,PSV1,OMB1,and QSF1)complied with Lipinski's RO5 and showed favorable ADMET profiles.All compounds were non-carcinogenic,with CAT1 classified in the lowest toxicity class(VI).In antibacterial assays,CAT1 demonstrated significant activity against both gram-positive bacteria[Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoniae),S.aureus,and Bacillus cereus(B.cereus)][zone diameter of inhibition(ZDI):10-22 mm]and gram-negative bacteria[Acinetobacter baumannii(A.baumannii),E.coli,and P.aeruginosa](ZDI:14-27 mm).Synergistic effects were observed when CAT1 was combined with antibiotics and the growth inhibitory indices(GII)was 0.69-1.00.Conclusion P.hydropiper bioactive compounds,particularly CAT1,show promising antibacterial potential through multiple mechanisms,including direct inhibition of bacterial virulence proteins and synergistic activity with conventional antibiotics.The favorable pharmacological properties and low toxicity profiles support their potential development as therapeutic agents against bacterial infections.
文摘The 53rd issue of Financial Innovation(FIN),Volume 11,No.5(2025),features 21 papers that can be classified into four main themes:the Special Issue on The Anomie of Artificial Intelligence(AI)in Finance:Bridging the Gap Between Technical Power and Human Wisdom,and Financial Markets and Investments,Economic and Policy Analysis,Corporate Governance and Related Market Dynamics.
文摘Background: There is a notable scarcity of comprehensive bibliometric studies examining plastic surgery research across extended or recent timeframes and diverse regions in relevant journals. The major objective of this study was to comprehensively map historical trends and the global distribution of plastic surgery research efforts.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis(using the Scopus database) of 35 core plastic surgery journals identified in these studies. All the data were extracted from the Scopus database in June 2025.The timeframe was set from 1946 to June 2025, and only original research and review articles were included in the detailed analysis. Countries(Regions) were grouped into seven regions(Europe, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East,Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, and the United States as standalone categories) to examine regional publication trends.Results: From 1946 to June 2025, 208 381 documents were published in 35 journals, of which 162 014 were eligible for analysis. The annual publication output has grown steadily, peaking at 8 277 by 2024. The United States led with 66 174 publications, followed by Europe(46 688), and Asia(31 785). Citation analysis of the top100 regional papers revealed that the United States(70 530 citations) was the most impactful, followed by Europe(43 869), Asia(28 657), and Australia and New Zealand(23 409). The 100 most-cited papers globally accrued 78 833 citations, were dominated by United States-based contributions(71%), and were primarily published in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery(57 papers). Chung KC, Mulliken JB, and Coleman SR emerged as the top authors(among the 100 most-cited global publications). Authors' performance is presented as the number of publications, citations, h-index, g-index, m-index, HG composite, and Q2 index.Conclusion: This study extends prior bibliometric investigations by offering a complete historical and geographical perspective on plastic surgery research. This inclusive, regionalized methodology provides a robust framework for future benchmarking and global equity assessments in surgical scholarship.
文摘Background:Facelift procedures represent a critical area of aesthetic and reconstructive surgery that addresses the physical and psychological impacts of facial aging.Advancements in techniques and technologies over time have transformed the field,making it essential to assess the evolution of research trends.This study performed a bibliometric analysis of facelift research by examining the top 50 most cited publications to evaluate their contributions,thematic evolution,and collaborative networks.Methods:The Scopus database was used to identify relevant publications.A total of 50 documents were selected,comprising 47 articles and 3 reviews published across 16 academic sources.The inclusion criteria focused on publications with substantial relevance to facelift research;this ensured comprehensive coverage of the topic.Key performance indicators(for the authors)such as the number of papers,total citations,h-index,g-index,m-index,HG composite,and Q2 index were calculated.Citation analysis and collaborative network mapping were conducted to identify the leading contributors,including authors,universities,countries,and sources.Results:The findings indicated an annual growth rate of 1.34%,with an average document age of 29.4 years and an average citation count per document of 134.9.The analysis identified the top authors and their collaborative networks,along with key contributions from various universities,countries,and sources.The thematic evolution of facelift research was examined across these 50 papers;this revealed important trends and shifts within the field.Conclusion:This bibliometric analysis offers valuable insights into the development and influence of facelift research over a 52-year span.It highlights significant contributors and outlines thematic shifts,providing directions for future research and collaboration in this field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52176077).
文摘Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to establish a more realistic model of nanoscale boiling phase transitions.We examined the effects of different configurations of nanoscale sinusoidal protrusions and surface wettability on the phase transition behavior of systems containing insoluble gases under continuous heat flux input.To enhance the clarity and comparability of the results,a quantitative evaluation method was introduced.The findings reveal that,under identical wettability conditions,increasing the number of sinusoidal protrusions accelerates the onset of phase transition.In contrast,for a fixed number of protrusions,higher surface wettability delays the initiation of the phase change.By incorporating regression analysis to quantify the phase transition process and compare influencing factors,it was observed that although high wettability generally inhibits phase transition,the synergistic interaction between surface structure and wettability ultimately facilitates the phase transition process.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen,China(3502Z202472001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22402163,22021001,21925404,T2293692,and 22361132532).
文摘The structure of water and proton transfer under nanoscale confinement has garnered significant attention due to its crucial role in elucidating various phenomena across multiple scientific disciplines.However,there remains a lack of consensus on fundamental properties such as diffusion behavior and the nature of hydrogen bonding in confined environments.In this work,we investigated the influence of confinement on proton transfer in water confined within graphene sheets at various spacings by ab initio molecule dynamic and multiscale analysis with time evolution of structural properties,graph theory and persistent homology.We found that reducing the graphene interlayer distance while maintaining water density close to that of bulk water leads to a decrease in proton transfer frequency.In contrast,reducing the interlayer distance without maintaining bulk-like water density results in an increase in proton transfer frequency.This difference is mainly due to the confinement conditions:when density is unchanged,the hydrogen bond network remains similar with significant layering,while compressive stress that increases density leads to a more planar hydrogen bond network,promoting faster proton transfer.Our findings elucidate the complex relationship between confinement and proton transfer dynamics,with implications for understanding proton transport in confined environments,relevant to energy storage and material design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174276 and 12304059)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant Nos.2024A1515010521,2024A1515012635,and 2022A1515110572).
文摘The interfacial thermal resistance(ITR)at material interfaces has emerged as a critical factor in the thermal management of micro/nanoelectronic devices and composite materials.Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations,we systematically investigate how simulation parameters affect the calculated ITR in Si/Ge heterojunctions.Our results demonstrate that the ITR decreases with increasing system length L_(sys)and thermal bath length L_(bath).We identify linear relationships between ITR and the inverse of both L_(sys)and L_(bath),enabling reliable extrapolation to infinite-system values.While the thermostat coupling constantτshows a negligible influence on ITR,excessively large values(τ>5 ps)compromise temperature control accuracy.Spectral analysis reveals that these size effects primarily originate from mid-to-low-frequency phonons(<6 THz),whose long mean free paths make their transport particularly sensitive to system dimensions.This work establishes fundamental guidelines for parameter selection in interfacial thermal transport simulations,while providing new insights into phonon-interface interactions.The findings offer valuable implications for thermal design in high-power devices and composite materials,where accurate ITR prediction is crucial for performance optimization.
基金supported by the State Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1305304)the Open Bidding for Selecting the Best Candidates Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2024JBGS0020).
文摘Desertification is a global crucial ecological and environmental issue,and China is among the countries most seriously affected by desertification.In recent decades,numerous independent studies on desertification dynamics have been carried out using remote sensing technology,but there has been a lack of systematic research on desertification trends in China.This study employed the meta-analysis to integrate the findings of 140 published research cases and examined the dynamics of desertification in the eight major deserts,four major sandy lands,and their surrounding areas in China from 1970 to 2019,with a comparative analysis of differences between the eastern(including the Mu Us Sandy Land,the Otindag Sandy Land,the Hulunbuir Sandy Land,the Horqin Sandy Land,and the Hobq Desert)and western(including the Taklimakan Desert,the Gurbantunggut Desert,the Kumtagh Desert,the Ulan Buh Desert,the Qaidam Basin Desert,the Badain Jaran Desert,and the Tengger Desert)regions.The results revealed that from 1970 to 2019,desertification first expanded and then reversed in the whole region.Specifically,desertification expanded from 1980 to 1999 and reversed after 2000.The desertification trend exhibited distinct spatio-temporal variations between the eastern and western regions.From 1970 to 2019,the western region experienced relatively minor changes in desertified land area compared to the eastern region.In the context of global climate change,beneficial climatic conditions and ecological construction projects played a crucial role in reversing desertification.These findings provide valuable insights for understanding the development patterns of desertification in the most representative deserts and sandy lands in China and formulating effective desertification control strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174003,52374008).
文摘The complex vibration directly affects the dynamic safety of drill string in ultra-deep wells and extra-deep wells.It is important to understand the dynamic characteristics of drill string to ensure the safety of drill string.Due to the super slenderness ratio of drill string,strong nonlinearity implied in dynamic analysis and the complex load environment,dynamic simulation of drill string faces great challenges.At present,many simulation methods have been developed to analyze drill string dynamics,and node iteration method is one of them.The node iteration method has a unique advantage in dealing with the contact characteristics between drill string and borehole wall,but its drawback is that the calculation consumes a considerable amount of time.This paper presents a dynamic simulation method of drilling string in extra-deep well based on successive over-relaxation node iterative method(SOR node iteration method).Through theoretical analysis and numerical examples,the correctness and validity of this method were verified,and the dynamics characteristics of drill string in extra-deep wells were calculated and analyzed.The results demonstrate that,in contrast to the conventional node iteration method,the SOR node iteration method can increase the computational efficiency by 48.2%while achieving comparable results.And the whirl trajectory of the extra-deep well drill string is extremely complicated,the maximum rotational speed downhole is approximately twice the rotational speed on the ground.The dynamic torque increases rapidly at the position of the bottom stabilizer,and the lateral vibration in the middle and lower parts of drill string is relatively intense.
基金supported by Qingdao Key Medical and Health Discipline ProjectThe Intramural Research Program of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,No. 4910Qingdao West Coast New Area Science and Technology Project,No. 2020-55 (all to SW)。
文摘Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macrophages have been poorly understood and largely overlooked. However, a recent study reported that border-associated macrophages participate in stroke-induced inflammation, although many details and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive single-cell analysis of mouse border-associated macrophages using sequencing data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database(GSE174574 and GSE225948). Differentially expressed genes were identified, and enrichment analysis was performed to identify the transcription profile of border-associated macrophages. CellChat analysis was conducted to determine the cell communication network of border-associated macrophages. Transcription factors were predicted using the ‘pySCENIC' tool. We found that, in response to hypoxia, borderassociated macrophages underwent dynamic transcriptional changes and participated in the regulation of inflammatory-related pathways. Notably, the tumor necrosis factor pathway was activated by border-associated macrophages following ischemic stroke. The pySCENIC analysis indicated that the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3) was obviously upregulated in stroke, suggesting that Stat3 inhibition may be a promising strategy for treating border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation. Finally, we constructed an animal model to investigate the effects of border-associated macrophages depletion following a stroke. Treatment with liposomes containing clodronate significantly reduced infarct volume in the animals and improved neurological scores compared with untreated animals. Taken together, our results demonstrate comprehensive changes in border-associated macrophages following a stroke, providing a theoretical basis for targeting border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation in stroke treatment.
文摘Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections to the classical turbulent energy cascade and its mass cascade counterpart running in parallel.In particular,the formation and dynamics of sediment and larvae clusters are of interest to coral larvae settlement in coastal regions and particularly the resilience of green-gray coastal protection solutions.Analogous cluster behavior is relevant to cloud microphysics and precipitation initiation,radiation transport and light transmission through colloids and suspensions,heat and mass transfer in particle-laden flows,and viral and pollutant transmission.Following a comparison between various clustering techniques,we adopt a density-based cluster identification algorithm based on its simplicity and efficiency,where particles are clustered based on the number of neighboring particles in their individual spheres of influence.We establish parallels with lattice-based percolation theory,as evident in the power-law scaling of the cluster size distribution near the percolation threshold.The degree of discontinuity of the phase transition associated with this percolation threshold is observed to broaden with larger Stokes numbers and thereby large-scale clustering.The sensitivity of our findings to the employed clustering algorithm is discussed.A novel cluster tracking algorithm is deployed to determine the interscale transfer rate along the particle-number phase-space dimension via accounting of cluster breakup and merger events,extending previous work on the bubble breakup cascade beneath surface breaking waves.Our findings shed light on the interaction between particle clusters and their carrier turbulent flows,with an eye toward transport models incorporating cluster characteristics and dynamics.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0208100)the Major Science and Technology Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China(No.2022A01003)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Plan of Anhui Province,China(No.202210700037)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274316).
文摘The mixing injection of natural gas and pulverized coal into the blast furnaces shows a promising technological approach in the context of global carbon reduction initiatives.Carrier gas and coal pass through the air inlet of coal lance,and the characteristics of carrier gas affect the flow in the air inlet and the combustion efficiency of coal,so it is very important to study the change of carrier gas charac-teristics in the lower part of blast furnace.By means of numerical simulation,the influence of carrier gas characteristics(injection rate,composition,and temperature)on the mixed combustion of natural gas(NG)and pulverized coal in the tuyere raceway of Russian blast furnace was analyzed.When N_(2) is used as carrier gas,the injection rate of carrier gas is reduced from 4000 to 2000 m3/h,the average tuy-ere temperature is increased(1947.42 to 1963.30 K),the mole fractions of CO and H_(2) are increased,and the burnout rate of pulverized coal is decreased.Increasing the carrier gas temperature is helpful to improve the burnout of pulverized coal.For every 20 K increase of carrier gas temperature,the average temperature in the raceway increases by 20.6 K,which promotes the release and combustion of volat-iles,but the increase of carrier gas temperature from 373 to 393 K only leads to 1.16%burnout change.Considering the transportation characteristics of pulverized coal,it is suggested that the carrier gas temperature should be kept at about 373 K to obtain the best perform-ance.It is worth noting that when air is used as carrier gas,the burnout rate of pulverized coal is increased by 2.69%compared with N_(2).
基金financially supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Project(GXWD20220818163456002)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2022B0701180002)+1 种基金the Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials of Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)the Guangdong Province College Students Science and Technology Innovation Cultivation Special Project.
文摘This study investigates using an antioxidation copper particle-free paste,formulated with self-reducing copper formate,for Cu-Cu bonding in electronic packaging applications.The research highlights the oxidation resistance of copper formate compared to traditional copper nanoparticles(CuNPs)and its ability to generate CuNPs through thermal decomposition.Experimental results demonstrate that the sintering process benefits from releasing reductive gases during decomposition,improving joint quality with reduced porosity and enhanced mechanical strength at elevated temperatures.Molecular dynamics simulations further elucidate the sintering behavior of CuNPs,providing significant insights into pore collapse,atomic mobility,and neck formation.The findings indicate that increased temperatures enhance surface and bulk diffusion,facilitating robust particle connections.Overall,this work establishes the potential of copper formate for achieving reliable interconnects in semiconductor devices,paving the way for advancements in material formulations for direct copper–copper bonding.
文摘BACKGROUND Radiotherapy(RT)is a cornerstone of cancer treatment.Compared with conven-tional high-dose radiation,low-dose radiation(LDR)causes less damage to normal tissues while potentially modulating immune responses and inhibiting tumor growth.LDR stimulates both innate and adaptive immunity,enhancing the activity of natural killer cells,dendritic cells,and T cells.However,the me-chanisms underlying the effects of LDR on the immune system remain unclear.AIM To explore the history,research hotspots,and emerging trends in immune response to LDR literature over the past two decades.METHODS Publications on immune responses to LDR were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection.Bibliometric tools,including CiteSpace and HistCite,were used to identify historical features,active topics,and emerging trends in this field.RESULTS Analysis of 1244 publications over the past two decades revealed a significant surge in research on immune responses to LDR,particularly in the last decade.Key journals such as INR J Radiat Biol,Cancers,and Radiat Res published pivotal studies.Citation networks identified key studies by authors like Twyman-Saint Victor C(2015)and Vanpouille-Box C(2017).Keyword analysis revealed hotspots such as ipilimumab,stereotactic body RT,and targeted therapy,possibly identifying future research directions.Temporal variations in keyword clusters and alluvial flow maps illustrate the evolution of research themes over time.CONCLUSION This bibliometric analysis provides valuable insights into the evolution of studies on responses to LDR,highlights research trends,and identifies emerging areas for further investigation.
文摘First,statistics on the operational lines and mileage of urban rail transit in China are conducted.The results show that,as of Dec.31,2025,there were 60 cities with urban rail transit in operation nationwide,with a total operational mileage of approximately 12837.8 km(excluding the electronic guideway rubber-tired system,there were 57 cities,with a total operational mileage of 12651.6 km).The metro system dominates,while low-capacity systems exhibit a multi-modal development pattern.Subsequently,the characteristics of China′s urban rail transit industry development are analyzed,indicating that:(1)It should closely align with the theme of urban intensive development,promote quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of existing lines,and focus on the supporting role of initial passenger flow for new line construction,multi-network integration,and economic and financial sustainability.(2)Significant innovative achievements have been made in safety resilience,green and low-carbon development,intelligent construction,and digital transformation.Finally,development recommendations for the"15th Five-Year Plan"period are proposed:promoting cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the rail transit industry,enhancing the operational efficiency of existing networks,continuously exploring railway services for urban commuting,strengthening external exchanges,and driving the"going global"strategy of the urban rail transit industry.
文摘Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine]were successfully synthesized by the volatilization of the solution at room temperature.The crystal structures of six complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technology.The results showed that the complexes all have a binuclear structure,and the structures contain free ethanol molecules.Moreover,the coordination number of the central metal of each structural unit is eight.Adjacent structural units interact with each other through hydrogen bonds and further expand to form 1D chain-like and 2D planar structures.After conducting a systematic study on the luminescence properties of complexes 1-4,their emission and excitation spectra were obtained.Experimental results indicated that the fluorescence lifetimes of complexes 2 and 3 were 0.807 and 0.845 ms,respectively.The emission spectral data of complexes 1-4 were imported into the CIE chromaticity coordinate system,and their corre sponding luminescent regions cover the yellow light,red light,green light,and orange-red light bands,respectively.Within the temperature range of 299.15-1300 K,the thermal decomposition processes of the six complexes were comprehensively analyzed by using TG-DSC/FTIR/MS technology.The hypothesis of the gradual loss of ligand groups during the decomposition process was verified by detecting the escaped gas,3D infrared spectroscopy,and ion fragment information detected by mass spectrometry.The specific decomposition path is as follows:firstly,free ethanol molecules and neutral ligands are removed,and finally,acidic ligands are released;the final product is the corresponding metal oxide.CCDC:2430420,1;2430422,2;2430419,3;2430424,4;2430421,5;2430423,6.
基金supported by the Quzhou Science and Technology Bureau Project(2023D023,2023D030,2023D002,and2024D028)the Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LZY23B030002)+3 种基金the Shijiazhuang Shangtai Technology Co.,Ltd.Hebei Provincial Department of Science and Technology(24291101Z)the International Cooperation Projects of Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2021YFH0126)the Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department's key research project(2023YFG0203)。
文摘Metal foils have emerged as one of the promising materials for anode-free batteries due to their high energy density and scalability in production.The unclear lithium plating/stripping kinetics of metal foil current collectors in anode-free batteries was addressed by using the non-destructive distribution of relaxation times(DRT)analysis to systematically investigate the lithium transport behavior of 14 metal foils and its correlation with electrochemical performance.By integrating energy-dispersive spectro scopy(EDS),cyclic voltammetry(CV),and galvanostatic testing,the exceptional properties of indium(In),tin(Sn),and silver(Ag)were revealed:the Li-In alloying reaction exhibits high reversibility,Li-Sn alloys demonstrate outstanding cycling stability,and the Li-Ag solid-solution mechanism provides an ideal lithium deposition interface on the silver substrate.The DRT separates the polarization internal resistance of lithium ions passing through the SEI layer(R_(sei),τ2)and the polarization internal resistance of lithium ions undergoing charge transfer reaction at the electrolyte/electrode interface(R_(ct),τ3)by decoupling the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).For the first time,the correlation betweenτ2,τ3,and the cycle life/Coulombic efficiency of alloy/solid-solution metals was established,while non-alloy metals are not suitable for this method due to differences in lithium deposition mechanisms.This study not only illuminates the structure-property relationship governing the lithium kinetics of metal foil electrodes but also provides a novel non-destructive analytical strategy and theoretical guidance for the rational design of stable anodes in high-energy-density batteries,facilitating the efficient screening and optimization of anode-free battery.
