Atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials exhibit enormous potential in photodetectors because of novel and extraordinary properties,such as passivated surfaces,tunable bandgaps,and high mobility.High-performance p...Atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials exhibit enormous potential in photodetectors because of novel and extraordinary properties,such as passivated surfaces,tunable bandgaps,and high mobility.High-performance photodetectors based on 2D materials have been fabricated for broadband,position,polarization-sensitive detection,and large-area array imaging.However,the current performance of 2D material photodetectors is not outstanding enough,including response speed,detectivity,and so forth.The way to further promote the development of 2D material photodetectors and their corresponding practical applications is still a tremendous challenge.In this article,these issues of 2D material photodetectors are analyzed and expected to be solved by combining micro-nano characterization technologies.The inherent physical properties of 2D materials and photodetectors can be accurately characterized by Raman spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and scattering scanning near-field optical microscope(s-SNOM).In particular,the precise probe of lattice defects,doping concentration,and near-field light absorption characteristics can promote the researches of low-noise and high-responsivity photodetectors.Scanning photocurrent microscope(SPCM)can show the overall spatial distribution of photocurrent and analyze the mechanism of photocurrent.Photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscope(KPFM)can characterize the material bandgap,work function distribution and interlayer coupling characteristics,making it possible to design high-performance photodetectors through energy band engineering.These advanced characterization techniques cover the entire process from material growth,to device preparation,and to performance analysis,and systematically reveal the development status of 2D material photodetectors.Finally,the prospects and challenges are discussed to promote the application of 2D material photodetectors.展开更多
There are abundant marine carbonate rock resources in China,which are dominated by fractured-vuggy carbonate oil and gas reservoirs accounting for over two thirds of proved reserves.The fractured-vuggy carbonate conde...There are abundant marine carbonate rock resources in China,which are dominated by fractured-vuggy carbonate oil and gas reservoirs accounting for over two thirds of proved reserves.The fractured-vuggy carbonate condensate gas reservoir in the Tarim Basin is at a burial depth of 4500e7000 m with the characteristics of extremely strong reservoir heterogeneity,complicated and diverse reservoir seepage media,complex fluid properties and quite difficult static characterization,which brings many challenges to reserve evaluation,development plan design and performance analysis.In order to improve the recovery factor of this type of oil and gas reservoir,this paper takes the dynamic characterization to supplement the static characterization and combines each other to improve the accuracy.In addition,based on many years'of dynamic and static research and development practice,the key enhanced gas recovery(EGR)technologies for fractured-vuggy carbonate condensate gas reservoirs are innovatively developed,such as the high-accuracy dynamic characterization technology with dynamic and static iteration for fractured-vuggy body in the strongly attenuated area of desert by taking seismic inversion information as the basis and 3D numerical well test as the core,the multi-target 3D development technology in one well to improve reserve production of fractured-vuggy condensate gas reservoirs,and the gas-lift depressurization EGR technology for fractured-vuggy condensate gas reservoirs.In conclusion,this technological system better solves the key difficulties in the fine characterization of fractured-vuggy body,reserve production improvement and abandonment pressure reduction of well.What's more,it realizes the fine reservoir characterization of fractured zones and feather-shaped fractured zones and the accurate prediction of key development indexes,and increases the deployment success rate of effective wells and efficient wells by 26%compared with that in the initial stage of large-scale productivity construction.To sum up,these technologies provide powerful technical support and reference experience for the scientific and efficient development of fractured-vuggy carbonate condensate gas reservoirs.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31900748,61905266,61975224,62004207,amd 62005303)Fund of Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(Nos.19YF1454600,18ZR1445800).
文摘Atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials exhibit enormous potential in photodetectors because of novel and extraordinary properties,such as passivated surfaces,tunable bandgaps,and high mobility.High-performance photodetectors based on 2D materials have been fabricated for broadband,position,polarization-sensitive detection,and large-area array imaging.However,the current performance of 2D material photodetectors is not outstanding enough,including response speed,detectivity,and so forth.The way to further promote the development of 2D material photodetectors and their corresponding practical applications is still a tremendous challenge.In this article,these issues of 2D material photodetectors are analyzed and expected to be solved by combining micro-nano characterization technologies.The inherent physical properties of 2D materials and photodetectors can be accurately characterized by Raman spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and scattering scanning near-field optical microscope(s-SNOM).In particular,the precise probe of lattice defects,doping concentration,and near-field light absorption characteristics can promote the researches of low-noise and high-responsivity photodetectors.Scanning photocurrent microscope(SPCM)can show the overall spatial distribution of photocurrent and analyze the mechanism of photocurrent.Photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscope(KPFM)can characterize the material bandgap,work function distribution and interlayer coupling characteristics,making it possible to design high-performance photodetectors through energy band engineering.These advanced characterization techniques cover the entire process from material growth,to device preparation,and to performance analysis,and systematically reveal the development status of 2D material photodetectors.Finally,the prospects and challenges are discussed to promote the application of 2D material photodetectors.
基金Project supported by the Scientific Research and Technology Development Project of PetroChina Company Limited“Static characterization and dynamic characterization of multi-scale fractured-vug reservoir”(No.2021DJ1501)。
文摘There are abundant marine carbonate rock resources in China,which are dominated by fractured-vuggy carbonate oil and gas reservoirs accounting for over two thirds of proved reserves.The fractured-vuggy carbonate condensate gas reservoir in the Tarim Basin is at a burial depth of 4500e7000 m with the characteristics of extremely strong reservoir heterogeneity,complicated and diverse reservoir seepage media,complex fluid properties and quite difficult static characterization,which brings many challenges to reserve evaluation,development plan design and performance analysis.In order to improve the recovery factor of this type of oil and gas reservoir,this paper takes the dynamic characterization to supplement the static characterization and combines each other to improve the accuracy.In addition,based on many years'of dynamic and static research and development practice,the key enhanced gas recovery(EGR)technologies for fractured-vuggy carbonate condensate gas reservoirs are innovatively developed,such as the high-accuracy dynamic characterization technology with dynamic and static iteration for fractured-vuggy body in the strongly attenuated area of desert by taking seismic inversion information as the basis and 3D numerical well test as the core,the multi-target 3D development technology in one well to improve reserve production of fractured-vuggy condensate gas reservoirs,and the gas-lift depressurization EGR technology for fractured-vuggy condensate gas reservoirs.In conclusion,this technological system better solves the key difficulties in the fine characterization of fractured-vuggy body,reserve production improvement and abandonment pressure reduction of well.What's more,it realizes the fine reservoir characterization of fractured zones and feather-shaped fractured zones and the accurate prediction of key development indexes,and increases the deployment success rate of effective wells and efficient wells by 26%compared with that in the initial stage of large-scale productivity construction.To sum up,these technologies provide powerful technical support and reference experience for the scientific and efficient development of fractured-vuggy carbonate condensate gas reservoirs.
