The topological structure of the air transport network is complex and can be analyzed with different approaches,measures and perspectives.In this study a dynamic network analysis is utilized and an additional function...The topological structure of the air transport network is complex and can be analyzed with different approaches,measures and perspectives.In this study a dynamic network analysis is utilized and an additional functional layer,passenger flows,is defined to analyze the flow of connectivity.Therefore,the approach provides additional and differentiated results to assess the European air transport network.The study is based on a time series of monthly European demand and schedule data for the years 2010-2023.This makes the study relevant for the recent evaluation of the European air transport network.The study aims to measure the connectivity of the intra-European network and how this connectivity changes over time.The view on connectivity is extended from accessibility and connectivity to two additional perspectives,competition and robustness.The flow of connec-tivity is assessed using dynamic network analysis,which identifies trends,standard deviation and mean absolute change.This allows comparison of the entire network over time as well as comparisons between airports.This paper introduces a framework that integrates and categorizes a broad range of network analysis measures.It provides a foundation for future developments and practical applications across diverse use cases and other networks.The study demonstrates that the connectivity of the network undergoes changes over time,both in terms of trend and in terms of similarity between airports,with differences evident in the four different perspectives.The accessibility among airports is becoming more uniform,indicating a convergence in connectivity measures.At the same time,airports are becoming increasingly interconnected with less relative importance of hubs.How-ever,the passenger utilization becomes more diverse.Competition among airports has been steadily increasing.Additionally,there is a correlation between demand,competition,and the network’s structure.In less competitive markets,there are fewer travelers and reduced capacity,and airports often exhibit weaker centrality within the network.展开更多
The central concept of strategic benchmarking is resource management efficiency,which ultimately results in profitability.However,little is known about performance measurement from resource-based perspectives.This stu...The central concept of strategic benchmarking is resource management efficiency,which ultimately results in profitability.However,little is known about performance measurement from resource-based perspectives.This study uses the data envelopment analysis(DEA)model with a dynamic network structure to measure the resource management and profitability efficiencies of 287 US commercial banks from 2010 to 2020.Furthermore,we provide frontier projections and incorporate five variables,namely capital adequacy,asset quality,management quality,earning ability,and liquidity(i.e.,the CAMEL ratings).The results revealed that the room for improvement in bank performance is 55.4%.In addition,we found that the CAMEL ratings of efficient banks are generally higher than those of inefficient banks,and management quality,earnings quality,and liquidity ratios positively contribute to bank performance.Moreover,big banks are generally more efficient than small banks.Overall,this study continues the current heated debate on performance measurement in the banking industry,with a particular focus on the DEA application to answer the fundamental question of why resource management efficiency reflects benchmark firms and provides insights into how efficient management of CAMEL ratings would help in improving their performance.展开更多
The tool system of the organizational risk analyzer (ORA) to study the network of East Turkistan terrorists is selected. The model of the relationships among its personnel, knowledge, resources and task entities is re...The tool system of the organizational risk analyzer (ORA) to study the network of East Turkistan terrorists is selected. The model of the relationships among its personnel, knowledge, resources and task entities is represented by the meta-matrix in ORA, with which to analyze the risks and vulnerabilities of organizational structure quantitatively, and obtain the last vulnerabilities and risks of the organization. Case study in this system shows that it should be a shortcut to destroy effectively the network of terrorists by recognizing the caucus persons of the terrorism organization for the first and eliminating them when strikes the terror organization. It is vital to ensure effective use of the resources and control the risks of terrorist attacks.展开更多
Prion diseases are associated with the misfolding of the normal helical cellular form of prion protein (PrPC) into the β-sheet-rich scrapie form (PrPSc) and the subsequent aggregation of PrPSc into amyloid fibrils. R...Prion diseases are associated with the misfolding of the normal helical cellular form of prion protein (PrPC) into the β-sheet-rich scrapie form (PrPSc) and the subsequent aggregation of PrPSc into amyloid fibrils. Recent studies demonstrated that a naturally occurring variant V127 of human PrPC is intrinsically resistant to prion conversion and aggregation, and can completely prevent prion diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Herein we perform multiple microsecond molecular dynamics simulations on both wildtype (WT) and V127 variant of human PrPC to understand at atomic level the protective effect of V127 variant. Our simulations show that G127V mutation not only increases the rigidity of the S2–H2 loop between strand-2 (S2) and helix-2 (H2), but also allosterically enhances the stability of the H2 C-terminal region. Interestingly, previous studies reported that animals with rigid S2–H2 loop usually do not develop prion diseases, and the increase in H2 C-terminal stability can prevent misfolding and oligomerization of prion protein. The allosteric paths from G/V127 to H2 C-terminal region are identified using dynamical network analyses. Moreover, community network analyses illustrate that G127V mutation enhances the global correlations and intra-molecular interactions of PrP, thus stabilizing the overall PrPC structure and inhibiting its conversion into PrPSc. This study provides mechanistic understanding of human V127 variant in preventing prion conversion which may be helpful for the rational design of potent anti-prion compounds.展开更多
文摘The topological structure of the air transport network is complex and can be analyzed with different approaches,measures and perspectives.In this study a dynamic network analysis is utilized and an additional functional layer,passenger flows,is defined to analyze the flow of connectivity.Therefore,the approach provides additional and differentiated results to assess the European air transport network.The study is based on a time series of monthly European demand and schedule data for the years 2010-2023.This makes the study relevant for the recent evaluation of the European air transport network.The study aims to measure the connectivity of the intra-European network and how this connectivity changes over time.The view on connectivity is extended from accessibility and connectivity to two additional perspectives,competition and robustness.The flow of connec-tivity is assessed using dynamic network analysis,which identifies trends,standard deviation and mean absolute change.This allows comparison of the entire network over time as well as comparisons between airports.This paper introduces a framework that integrates and categorizes a broad range of network analysis measures.It provides a foundation for future developments and practical applications across diverse use cases and other networks.The study demonstrates that the connectivity of the network undergoes changes over time,both in terms of trend and in terms of similarity between airports,with differences evident in the four different perspectives.The accessibility among airports is becoming more uniform,indicating a convergence in connectivity measures.At the same time,airports are becoming increasingly interconnected with less relative importance of hubs.How-ever,the passenger utilization becomes more diverse.Competition among airports has been steadily increasing.Additionally,there is a correlation between demand,competition,and the network’s structure.In less competitive markets,there are fewer travelers and reduced capacity,and airports often exhibit weaker centrality within the network.
基金provided by Ministry of Science and Technology(Grant No.MOST 107-2410-H-034-056-MY3).
文摘The central concept of strategic benchmarking is resource management efficiency,which ultimately results in profitability.However,little is known about performance measurement from resource-based perspectives.This study uses the data envelopment analysis(DEA)model with a dynamic network structure to measure the resource management and profitability efficiencies of 287 US commercial banks from 2010 to 2020.Furthermore,we provide frontier projections and incorporate five variables,namely capital adequacy,asset quality,management quality,earning ability,and liquidity(i.e.,the CAMEL ratings).The results revealed that the room for improvement in bank performance is 55.4%.In addition,we found that the CAMEL ratings of efficient banks are generally higher than those of inefficient banks,and management quality,earnings quality,and liquidity ratios positively contribute to bank performance.Moreover,big banks are generally more efficient than small banks.Overall,this study continues the current heated debate on performance measurement in the banking industry,with a particular focus on the DEA application to answer the fundamental question of why resource management efficiency reflects benchmark firms and provides insights into how efficient management of CAMEL ratings would help in improving their performance.
文摘The tool system of the organizational risk analyzer (ORA) to study the network of East Turkistan terrorists is selected. The model of the relationships among its personnel, knowledge, resources and task entities is represented by the meta-matrix in ORA, with which to analyze the risks and vulnerabilities of organizational structure quantitatively, and obtain the last vulnerabilities and risks of the organization. Case study in this system shows that it should be a shortcut to destroy effectively the network of terrorists by recognizing the caucus persons of the terrorism organization for the first and eliminating them when strikes the terror organization. It is vital to ensure effective use of the resources and control the risks of terrorist attacks.
基金Project supported by the Key Program of the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0501702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11674065)。
文摘Prion diseases are associated with the misfolding of the normal helical cellular form of prion protein (PrPC) into the β-sheet-rich scrapie form (PrPSc) and the subsequent aggregation of PrPSc into amyloid fibrils. Recent studies demonstrated that a naturally occurring variant V127 of human PrPC is intrinsically resistant to prion conversion and aggregation, and can completely prevent prion diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Herein we perform multiple microsecond molecular dynamics simulations on both wildtype (WT) and V127 variant of human PrPC to understand at atomic level the protective effect of V127 variant. Our simulations show that G127V mutation not only increases the rigidity of the S2–H2 loop between strand-2 (S2) and helix-2 (H2), but also allosterically enhances the stability of the H2 C-terminal region. Interestingly, previous studies reported that animals with rigid S2–H2 loop usually do not develop prion diseases, and the increase in H2 C-terminal stability can prevent misfolding and oligomerization of prion protein. The allosteric paths from G/V127 to H2 C-terminal region are identified using dynamical network analyses. Moreover, community network analyses illustrate that G127V mutation enhances the global correlations and intra-molecular interactions of PrP, thus stabilizing the overall PrPC structure and inhibiting its conversion into PrPSc. This study provides mechanistic understanding of human V127 variant in preventing prion conversion which may be helpful for the rational design of potent anti-prion compounds.
