To simulate the passenger behavior in subway system, a Dynamic Parameters Cellular Automaton(DPCA) model is put forward in this paper. Pedestrian traffic flows during waiting, getting on or off, and traveling can be s...To simulate the passenger behavior in subway system, a Dynamic Parameters Cellular Automaton(DPCA) model is put forward in this paper. Pedestrian traffic flows during waiting, getting on or off, and traveling can be simulated. The typical scenario in Beijing Subway Line 13 is modeled to analyze the passenger behavior in subway system. By comparing simulation results with statistical ones, the correctness and practicality of the DPCA model are verified. At last, the additional results made by DPCA model can make contribution to passenger comfort analysis and pedestrian facility planning and guidance.展开更多
To study the relationship between rice leaf color change and grain filling,two indica-japonica hybrids with distinct leaf colors were grown under three N fertilizer dosages(LN,0 kg ha^(−1);MN,150 kg ha^(−1);HN,300 kg ...To study the relationship between rice leaf color change and grain filling,two indica-japonica hybrids with distinct leaf colors were grown under three N fertilizer dosages(LN,0 kg ha^(−1);MN,150 kg ha^(−1);HN,300 kg ha^(−1)).The leaf color change features of flag leaf,2nd leaf and 3rd leaf,as well as grain filling traits of superior and inferior grains were compared.Compared to cultivar CY167(normal green leaves)under the same N level,cultivar CY927(dark green leaves)exhibited delayed leaf color change onset time(T_(0))by 0–3.6 d,reduced mean leaf color change rate(R_(m))by 1.98%–9.45%,and increased leaf color index at maturity(CI_(f))by 3.77%–53.48%.Additionally,CY927 prolonged the grain filling period(D)of inferior grains by 0.6–2.0 d,resulting in a yield increase of 8.13%–25.46%.N supply significantly increased rice yield,primarily by delaying T_(0)and reducing R_(m)of flag leaf,improving initial grain filling potential(R_(0))and maximum grain weight(A),delaying the time to reach the maximum grain filling rate(T_(max)),and prolonging the grain filling activity period(D)of inferior grains.The time interval(T_(L-G))between the T0 of the flag leaf and T_(max)of inferior grains was negatively correlated with yield(−0.780,P<0.01).Suggesting that rice yield can be improved by optimizing N fertilizer management to shorten the T_(L-G).These findings provide valuable knowledge about the relationship between leaf senescence and grain filling,and benefit the understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying high-yield rice production.展开更多
基金partially supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development (973) Program of China (No. 2012CB725405)the National HighTech Research and Development (863) Program of China (No. 2012AA112305)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61273238)
文摘To simulate the passenger behavior in subway system, a Dynamic Parameters Cellular Automaton(DPCA) model is put forward in this paper. Pedestrian traffic flows during waiting, getting on or off, and traveling can be simulated. The typical scenario in Beijing Subway Line 13 is modeled to analyze the passenger behavior in subway system. By comparing simulation results with statistical ones, the correctness and practicality of the DPCA model are verified. At last, the additional results made by DPCA model can make contribution to passenger comfort analysis and pedestrian facility planning and guidance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272210).
文摘To study the relationship between rice leaf color change and grain filling,two indica-japonica hybrids with distinct leaf colors were grown under three N fertilizer dosages(LN,0 kg ha^(−1);MN,150 kg ha^(−1);HN,300 kg ha^(−1)).The leaf color change features of flag leaf,2nd leaf and 3rd leaf,as well as grain filling traits of superior and inferior grains were compared.Compared to cultivar CY167(normal green leaves)under the same N level,cultivar CY927(dark green leaves)exhibited delayed leaf color change onset time(T_(0))by 0–3.6 d,reduced mean leaf color change rate(R_(m))by 1.98%–9.45%,and increased leaf color index at maturity(CI_(f))by 3.77%–53.48%.Additionally,CY927 prolonged the grain filling period(D)of inferior grains by 0.6–2.0 d,resulting in a yield increase of 8.13%–25.46%.N supply significantly increased rice yield,primarily by delaying T_(0)and reducing R_(m)of flag leaf,improving initial grain filling potential(R_(0))and maximum grain weight(A),delaying the time to reach the maximum grain filling rate(T_(max)),and prolonging the grain filling activity period(D)of inferior grains.The time interval(T_(L-G))between the T0 of the flag leaf and T_(max)of inferior grains was negatively correlated with yield(−0.780,P<0.01).Suggesting that rice yield can be improved by optimizing N fertilizer management to shorten the T_(L-G).These findings provide valuable knowledge about the relationship between leaf senescence and grain filling,and benefit the understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying high-yield rice production.
