Unwarranted death of neurons is a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases.Since mature neurons are postmitotic and do not replicate,their death usually constitutes an irreversible step in pathology.A logical strateg...Unwarranted death of neurons is a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases.Since mature neurons are postmitotic and do not replicate,their death usually constitutes an irreversible step in pathology.A logical strategy to prevent neurodegeneration would then be to save all neurons that are still alive,i.e.protecting the ones that are still healthy as well as trying to rescue the ones that are damaged and in the process of dying.Regarding the latter,recent experiments have indicated that the possibility of reversing the cell death process and rescuing dying cells is more significant than previously anticipated.In many situations,the elimination of the cell death trigger alone enables dying cells to spontaneously repair their damage,recover,and survive.In this review,we explore the factors,which determine the fate of neurons engaged in the cell death process.A deeper insight into cell death mechanisms and the intrinsic capacity of cells to recover could pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches to neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Is He Living,or Is He Dead is a splendid sample of Twain' s bitter satire.By focusing on textual analysis of the story,this thesis is trying to illustrate "surviving by dying",such a paradox of life impl...Is He Living,or Is He Dead is a splendid sample of Twain' s bitter satire.By focusing on textual analysis of the story,this thesis is trying to illustrate "surviving by dying",such a paradox of life implied by Mark Twain,and to reveal the tragic nature masked by the humorous satire in the story.展开更多
Objective: Nurses play important roles in caring for dying patients and their families. Difficulties students confronted when facing dying patients challenge the quality of nursing education. A better understanding of...Objective: Nurses play important roles in caring for dying patients and their families. Difficulties students confronted when facing dying patients challenge the quality of nursing education. A better understanding of students' experiences would enhance teachers' ability in helping students. This study aims to describe available evidence about nursing students' experiences when caring for dying patients and their families.Methods: A review of qualitative studies published between 2005 and 2017 was undertaken using the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest Central, ScienceDirect, and CNKI. The keywords included were nursing students, experience, care, end-of-life, and dying. Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument was used to assess the quality of the studies by two independent reviewers. The data from the studies were analyzed by meta-synthesis.Results: Eighteen English and two Chinese studies were selected in this review. Four themes were emerged:(1) Students with dying patients: students did not have enough ability in symptoms control, comfort supply, and therapeutic communication for dying patients.(2) Students with the patients' families: students advocated more caring for patients' families.(3) Students with the surroundings: professional medical staffs, especially the nursing preceptors, were key roles in constructing a supporting system for students.(4) Students with themselves: nursing students underwent various negative feelings and adopted both negative and positive strategies to cope with such feelings;students experienced professional and personal development during the caring for dying patients.Conclusions: Nursing students' abilities in terminal symptom control, comfort supply, and therapeutic communication should be improved by more theoretic learning and simulation practice. The nursing preceptors were key roles in constructing a supporting system for students and helping them to control the negative emotions when facing dying patients.展开更多
As I Lay Dying is one of Faulkner' s greatest works and an important novel of the Yoknapatawpha Saga.This thesis deals with the black humor in As I Lay Dying,as the humor contributes to a better understanding of c...As I Lay Dying is one of Faulkner' s greatest works and an important novel of the Yoknapatawpha Saga.This thesis deals with the black humor in As I Lay Dying,as the humor contributes to a better understanding of characterization,action,and theme of this fiction and Faulkner' s others.Eventually,we would realize that this fiction not only touches something in the American south but also the prob lems of all of the human beings.展开更多
In this paper, we shall describe the way in which some Vietnamese people cope with death and dying. Authors surveyed approximately 302 relative people in the north of Vietnam. The sample showed broad demographic varia...In this paper, we shall describe the way in which some Vietnamese people cope with death and dying. Authors surveyed approximately 302 relative people in the north of Vietnam. The sample showed broad demographic variation. Among respondents, 73% were female and 27% were male. The instrument shows a good reliability of the total scores (Cronbach’s α= 0.93). Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis are used. The model tested was a relatively simple model with three latent factors. They are belief, fear, and ritual and all of them are positive correlated. The relationships among factors are further analyzed and the mediating relationships are found.展开更多
Background: Caregivers experience problems when caring for people with intellectual disabilities who are terminally ill. Aim: The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the experience of the caregiver ...Background: Caregivers experience problems when caring for people with intellectual disabilities who are terminally ill. Aim: The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the experience of the caregiver when caring for a person with intellectual disabilities who is terminally ill and what influences this experience. Design: A qualitative research was carried out following the principles of Grounded Theory (GT) method, through fifteen interviews with caregivers in a living facility with continuous care. Results: The results show how caregivers strive to create meaningful moments for their client during the last period of his life. Since very few of the clients can clearly express their wishes and feelings, continuous observation is required of the caregivers for the interpretation of small signals of their clients. In that way, the appropriateness of their actions can be made certain. The results show that because of their involvement, caregivers are able to recognize clients’ signals. When a client is dying, the special atmosphere created on the ward contributes to coping with the situation and a positive experience. Conclusion: Direct-caregivers caring for a client with an intellectual disability who is terminally ill, experience an intense period of insecurity and also a special period meaningful when caring a dying client with intellectual disabilities. Their relationship with the client makes them to be more able to strive for client’s comfort. The results also show that some factors such as enough staff, clear and open communication with the physician and support of the manager contribute to the quality of palliative care on the ward.展开更多
The Dying Patient Law is very controversial in Israel; there are opinions that the reason for the Law was to prevent the court from making decisions on the subject of end of life according to democratic principles. I ...The Dying Patient Law is very controversial in Israel; there are opinions that the reason for the Law was to prevent the court from making decisions on the subject of end of life according to democratic principles. I decided to do this study because I wanted to know if the legal principles of the Law are democratic as were the court rulings or they are only, or mostly, Jewish principles and meant to prevent a democratic ruling in the courts. The work is a review of the Law and the Dying Patient Committee discussions as well as the chairman＇s writings on the Law, critique articles, and a review of democratic and bioethical principles. In this project, I have seen that the underlying basis of the Dying Patient Law is Jewish principles and not democratic principles, although Israel is a declared democratic state. This law illustrates the problem in Israel being both a democratic and a Jewish state. It raises the question： What can be done to resolve the conflict between the Jewish principles and democratic and/or bioethical principles？展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to explore the optimum dosage and application pattern of Trichoderma harzianum for controlling Potato Verticillium wilt. [ Method] Two trials, sowing seed tubers in bacterial manure, sowing s...[Objective] The paper was to explore the optimum dosage and application pattern of Trichoderma harzianum for controlling Potato Verticillium wilt. [ Method] Two trials, sowing seed tubers in bacterial manure, sowing seed tubers in bacterial manure ＋ root irrigation after seedling emergence, were conducted in the paper. [Result] T.harzianum could effectively control potato early dying and promote potato growth, thereby increasing potato yield. The control effects of sowing tuber in 300 times of bacterial manure ＋ root irrigation with 300 times of conidia suspension after seedling emergence were ideal ; the highest control effect and the highest saved yield loss were 72.60% and 33.33%, respectively. [ Conclusion] The paper provides reference for field application of T. harzianum.展开更多
In this paper, I examine Apple Founder Steve Job＇s final words ＂Oh wow. Oh wow. Oh wow＂ as uttered to his half-Sister Mona Simpson as a framework to explore how pre-experiential linguistic, social, and ontological ...In this paper, I examine Apple Founder Steve Job＇s final words ＂Oh wow. Oh wow. Oh wow＂ as uttered to his half-Sister Mona Simpson as a framework to explore how pre-experiential linguistic, social, and ontological patterns shape and construct consciousness and expressions at the final moment of death. Final words of passage provide society with insight into the experience of being human in the transition from life to death, both in their limitations and in their potential for providing a continuous fluidity of transformation. Understanding how these final words are transconceptual experiences will encourage us to reflect on alternative interpretative possibilities sensitive to ontological and logical contexts of death and dying providing a holistic alternative framework which is more congruent with individual spiritual needs.展开更多
Cahuilla is a dying Indian language in Southern California, USA. It is actually not used in everyday conservation but remembered by some elderly people only. Since the 1960s it has been recorded and analyzed by severa...Cahuilla is a dying Indian language in Southern California, USA. It is actually not used in everyday conservation but remembered by some elderly people only. Since the 1960s it has been recorded and analyzed by several German scholars. This paper presents the history of research, major methods employed in its study and the current progress as well as remaining topics to be studied.展开更多
In the human body, the number of cells is tightlyre gulated. When cells are no longer needed, they commit suicide through a programmed cell death,called apoptosis. Massive amount of cell apoptosis takes place in devel...In the human body, the number of cells is tightlyre gulated. When cells are no longer needed, they commit suicide through a programmed cell death,called apoptosis. Massive amount of cell apoptosis takes place in developing tissues and even adult bodies.展开更多
Maternal deaths remain a huge challenge on the African continent PUT awareness of maternal health firmly in the mindset of Africans and it will go a long way to reduce the ongoing tragedy of maternal deaths on the con...Maternal deaths remain a huge challenge on the African continent PUT awareness of maternal health firmly in the mindset of Africans and it will go a long way to reduce the ongoing tragedy of maternal deaths on the continent. That’s the qualified opinion of Dr.Ngoga Eugene,head of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at the referral Hospital in Kigali, Rwanda. "We[Africa]have a shortage of skilled personnel,and even the few who are qualified migrate for better pay to developed展开更多
This paper(J.Mol.Cell Biol.(2013),5(2),120–131;doi:10.1093/jmcb/mjt005),together with its corrigendum(J.Mol.Cell Biol.(2014),6(6):535–536;doi:10.1093/jmcb/mju043)have been retracted by the three last authors andthe ...This paper(J.Mol.Cell Biol.(2013),5(2),120–131;doi:10.1093/jmcb/mjt005),together with its corrigendum(J.Mol.Cell Biol.(2014),6(6):535–536;doi:10.1093/jmcb/mju043)have been retracted by the three last authors andthe journal’s Editor-in-Chief due to inaccuratefigure handling and assembly made by the first author ApiruckWatthanasurorot.The first author has admitted responsibility for these anomalies.The authors apologize to the readers and editors of J.Mol.Cell Biol.for any inconvenience caused.展开更多
Speaking at the fourth meeting of the Central Commission for Financial and Economic Affairs,General Secretary Xi Jinping said that China has already essentially achieved the objectives for building a moderately prospe...Speaking at the fourth meeting of the Central Commission for Financial and Economic Affairs,General Secretary Xi Jinping said that China has already essentially achieved the objectives for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects,but stressed that although our efforts have yielded better results than anticipated,there still remain a number of weak links that need to be fixed.We must therefore go on the offensive,focusing our strength and working with greater intensity to ensure that these shortcomings are addressed quickly.展开更多
The authentic transmit of dual voices in the source text and the target text contributes to one of factors in the process of a successful fiction translation.Consequently,scholars of translated literature have a compa...The authentic transmit of dual voices in the source text and the target text contributes to one of factors in the process of a successful fiction translation.Consequently,scholars of translated literature have a comparative access to their bilingual reading of literary works.This paper,too,is a comparative study of translation and literary criticism based on a specific work—Philip Roth's The Dying Animal(2001).In light of Roth's literary fortune in China,the paper focuses on its Chinese version by Wu Qiyao,the translator who constantly updated versions to Chinese readers since 2004.The comparison between the source text and the target text demonstrates the dual voices in which the translator negotiates the consciousness of the narrating-I and the I-narrated in the novel revealed to Chinese audience.The study argues such difficulties in form and meaning,as direct speech,indirect speech,as well as philosophical meditation on sex,age,and death that confront the translator,but it also shows how the translation illuminates the intricacies of structure and meaning of the source text.The study concludes with remarks on translation as interpretation,in this case,an over-interpretation introducing dual voices.展开更多
A man was sitting in a bar with tears streaming down his face. A friend walked in and asked why he was so sad. The weeping one said,'The doctor has just told me I’ll have to take the tablets for the rest of my li...A man was sitting in a bar with tears streaming down his face. A friend walked in and asked why he was so sad. The weeping one said,'The doctor has just told me I’ll have to take the tablets for the rest of my life.' His friend pointed out that many people have to take tablets every day in their life.'Sure,' came the reply,'but he only gave me ten.'展开更多
基金supported by the following foundations:“Stichting Oogfonds Nederland(No.2023-26)”the“Landelijke Stichting voor Blinden en Slechtzienden(No.2023-24)”that contributed through UitZicht,ZonMw grant(No.435005020)a grant of the Chinese Scholarship Council(No.201809110169)(to TGMFG,CPMR,and WY).
文摘Unwarranted death of neurons is a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases.Since mature neurons are postmitotic and do not replicate,their death usually constitutes an irreversible step in pathology.A logical strategy to prevent neurodegeneration would then be to save all neurons that are still alive,i.e.protecting the ones that are still healthy as well as trying to rescue the ones that are damaged and in the process of dying.Regarding the latter,recent experiments have indicated that the possibility of reversing the cell death process and rescuing dying cells is more significant than previously anticipated.In many situations,the elimination of the cell death trigger alone enables dying cells to spontaneously repair their damage,recover,and survive.In this review,we explore the factors,which determine the fate of neurons engaged in the cell death process.A deeper insight into cell death mechanisms and the intrinsic capacity of cells to recover could pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches to neurodegenerative diseases.
文摘Is He Living,or Is He Dead is a splendid sample of Twain' s bitter satire.By focusing on textual analysis of the story,this thesis is trying to illustrate "surviving by dying",such a paradox of life implied by Mark Twain,and to reveal the tragic nature masked by the humorous satire in the story.
基金supported by the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(No.FDCT 276/2017/P)
文摘Objective: Nurses play important roles in caring for dying patients and their families. Difficulties students confronted when facing dying patients challenge the quality of nursing education. A better understanding of students' experiences would enhance teachers' ability in helping students. This study aims to describe available evidence about nursing students' experiences when caring for dying patients and their families.Methods: A review of qualitative studies published between 2005 and 2017 was undertaken using the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest Central, ScienceDirect, and CNKI. The keywords included were nursing students, experience, care, end-of-life, and dying. Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument was used to assess the quality of the studies by two independent reviewers. The data from the studies were analyzed by meta-synthesis.Results: Eighteen English and two Chinese studies were selected in this review. Four themes were emerged:(1) Students with dying patients: students did not have enough ability in symptoms control, comfort supply, and therapeutic communication for dying patients.(2) Students with the patients' families: students advocated more caring for patients' families.(3) Students with the surroundings: professional medical staffs, especially the nursing preceptors, were key roles in constructing a supporting system for students.(4) Students with themselves: nursing students underwent various negative feelings and adopted both negative and positive strategies to cope with such feelings;students experienced professional and personal development during the caring for dying patients.Conclusions: Nursing students' abilities in terminal symptom control, comfort supply, and therapeutic communication should be improved by more theoretic learning and simulation practice. The nursing preceptors were key roles in constructing a supporting system for students and helping them to control the negative emotions when facing dying patients.
文摘As I Lay Dying is one of Faulkner' s greatest works and an important novel of the Yoknapatawpha Saga.This thesis deals with the black humor in As I Lay Dying,as the humor contributes to a better understanding of characterization,action,and theme of this fiction and Faulkner' s others.Eventually,we would realize that this fiction not only touches something in the American south but also the prob lems of all of the human beings.
文摘In this paper, we shall describe the way in which some Vietnamese people cope with death and dying. Authors surveyed approximately 302 relative people in the north of Vietnam. The sample showed broad demographic variation. Among respondents, 73% were female and 27% were male. The instrument shows a good reliability of the total scores (Cronbach’s α= 0.93). Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis are used. The model tested was a relatively simple model with three latent factors. They are belief, fear, and ritual and all of them are positive correlated. The relationships among factors are further analyzed and the mediating relationships are found.
文摘Background: Caregivers experience problems when caring for people with intellectual disabilities who are terminally ill. Aim: The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the experience of the caregiver when caring for a person with intellectual disabilities who is terminally ill and what influences this experience. Design: A qualitative research was carried out following the principles of Grounded Theory (GT) method, through fifteen interviews with caregivers in a living facility with continuous care. Results: The results show how caregivers strive to create meaningful moments for their client during the last period of his life. Since very few of the clients can clearly express their wishes and feelings, continuous observation is required of the caregivers for the interpretation of small signals of their clients. In that way, the appropriateness of their actions can be made certain. The results show that because of their involvement, caregivers are able to recognize clients’ signals. When a client is dying, the special atmosphere created on the ward contributes to coping with the situation and a positive experience. Conclusion: Direct-caregivers caring for a client with an intellectual disability who is terminally ill, experience an intense period of insecurity and also a special period meaningful when caring a dying client with intellectual disabilities. Their relationship with the client makes them to be more able to strive for client’s comfort. The results also show that some factors such as enough staff, clear and open communication with the physician and support of the manager contribute to the quality of palliative care on the ward.
文摘The Dying Patient Law is very controversial in Israel; there are opinions that the reason for the Law was to prevent the court from making decisions on the subject of end of life according to democratic principles. I decided to do this study because I wanted to know if the legal principles of the Law are democratic as were the court rulings or they are only, or mostly, Jewish principles and meant to prevent a democratic ruling in the courts. The work is a review of the Law and the Dying Patient Committee discussions as well as the chairman＇s writings on the Law, critique articles, and a review of democratic and bioethical principles. In this project, I have seen that the underlying basis of the Dying Patient Law is Jewish principles and not democratic principles, although Israel is a declared democratic state. This law illustrates the problem in Israel being both a democratic and a Jewish state. It raises the question： What can be done to resolve the conflict between the Jewish principles and democratic and/or bioethical principles？
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province[QKHN G(2007)4007]Project of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences[QNKH(Key)08017]
文摘[Objective] The paper was to explore the optimum dosage and application pattern of Trichoderma harzianum for controlling Potato Verticillium wilt. [ Method] Two trials, sowing seed tubers in bacterial manure, sowing seed tubers in bacterial manure ＋ root irrigation after seedling emergence, were conducted in the paper. [Result] T.harzianum could effectively control potato early dying and promote potato growth, thereby increasing potato yield. The control effects of sowing tuber in 300 times of bacterial manure ＋ root irrigation with 300 times of conidia suspension after seedling emergence were ideal ; the highest control effect and the highest saved yield loss were 72.60% and 33.33%, respectively. [ Conclusion] The paper provides reference for field application of T. harzianum.
文摘In this paper, I examine Apple Founder Steve Job＇s final words ＂Oh wow. Oh wow. Oh wow＂ as uttered to his half-Sister Mona Simpson as a framework to explore how pre-experiential linguistic, social, and ontological patterns shape and construct consciousness and expressions at the final moment of death. Final words of passage provide society with insight into the experience of being human in the transition from life to death, both in their limitations and in their potential for providing a continuous fluidity of transformation. Understanding how these final words are transconceptual experiences will encourage us to reflect on alternative interpretative possibilities sensitive to ontological and logical contexts of death and dying providing a holistic alternative framework which is more congruent with individual spiritual needs.
文摘Cahuilla is a dying Indian language in Southern California, USA. It is actually not used in everyday conservation but remembered by some elderly people only. Since the 1960s it has been recorded and analyzed by several German scholars. This paper presents the history of research, major methods employed in its study and the current progress as well as remaining topics to be studied.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Ministry of Science and Technology of ChinaCAS
文摘In the human body, the number of cells is tightlyre gulated. When cells are no longer needed, they commit suicide through a programmed cell death,called apoptosis. Massive amount of cell apoptosis takes place in developing tissues and even adult bodies.
文摘Maternal deaths remain a huge challenge on the African continent PUT awareness of maternal health firmly in the mindset of Africans and it will go a long way to reduce the ongoing tragedy of maternal deaths on the continent. That’s the qualified opinion of Dr.Ngoga Eugene,head of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at the referral Hospital in Kigali, Rwanda. "We[Africa]have a shortage of skilled personnel,and even the few who are qualified migrate for better pay to developed
文摘This paper(J.Mol.Cell Biol.(2013),5(2),120–131;doi:10.1093/jmcb/mjt005),together with its corrigendum(J.Mol.Cell Biol.(2014),6(6):535–536;doi:10.1093/jmcb/mju043)have been retracted by the three last authors andthe journal’s Editor-in-Chief due to inaccuratefigure handling and assembly made by the first author ApiruckWatthanasurorot.The first author has admitted responsibility for these anomalies.The authors apologize to the readers and editors of J.Mol.Cell Biol.for any inconvenience caused.
文摘Speaking at the fourth meeting of the Central Commission for Financial and Economic Affairs,General Secretary Xi Jinping said that China has already essentially achieved the objectives for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects,but stressed that although our efforts have yielded better results than anticipated,there still remain a number of weak links that need to be fixed.We must therefore go on the offensive,focusing our strength and working with greater intensity to ensure that these shortcomings are addressed quickly.
基金“A Body Narrative Study of Philip Roth's Kepesh Novels,”sponsored by China Scholarship Council(201908430225)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Research Funds of Beijing Language and Culture University(20YCX048)the Funds for the Top PhD Research Program of Beijing Language and Culture University
文摘The authentic transmit of dual voices in the source text and the target text contributes to one of factors in the process of a successful fiction translation.Consequently,scholars of translated literature have a comparative access to their bilingual reading of literary works.This paper,too,is a comparative study of translation and literary criticism based on a specific work—Philip Roth's The Dying Animal(2001).In light of Roth's literary fortune in China,the paper focuses on its Chinese version by Wu Qiyao,the translator who constantly updated versions to Chinese readers since 2004.The comparison between the source text and the target text demonstrates the dual voices in which the translator negotiates the consciousness of the narrating-I and the I-narrated in the novel revealed to Chinese audience.The study argues such difficulties in form and meaning,as direct speech,indirect speech,as well as philosophical meditation on sex,age,and death that confront the translator,but it also shows how the translation illuminates the intricacies of structure and meaning of the source text.The study concludes with remarks on translation as interpretation,in this case,an over-interpretation introducing dual voices.
文摘A man was sitting in a bar with tears streaming down his face. A friend walked in and asked why he was so sad. The weeping one said,'The doctor has just told me I’ll have to take the tablets for the rest of my life.' His friend pointed out that many people have to take tablets every day in their life.'Sure,' came the reply,'but he only gave me ten.'
