Geomagnetic substorms release plasma and energy from the magnetotail to the inner magnetosphere and high latitude ionosphere.In this study,we investigate substorms of different time duration,observed during the years ...Geomagnetic substorms release plasma and energy from the magnetotail to the inner magnetosphere and high latitude ionosphere.In this study,we investigate substorms of different time duration,observed during the years 1982 to 2012.We measure substorm duration by a method based on the SME index.Our results demonstrate that longer-duration substorms occur more frequently during solar maximum years,and more frequently between the months of May and July,likely due to the higher polar ionospheric conductivity and more sunward geomagnetic pole directions during summer in the northern hemisphere.Additionally,longer substorms occur more frequently under stronger,longer-lasting southward IMF,and are accompanied by slower solar winds,suggesting that extended magnetic reconnection is required to drive longer substorms.Substorm durations are not significantly related to the minimum SML index,but longer substorms usually have higher SMU and continuously rising PC indices.The SME indices of long-duration substorms show a bimodal MLT distribution located near midnight and dusk after substorm onset,with the peak originally at midnight moving eastward to the morning side during the late recovery phase.Longer duration substorms have a stronger effect on the overall ring current at all MLT sectors except dawnside.Our results provide new insights into the development process and influencing factors of substorms,from the expansion phase to the recovery phase.展开更多
Liquid nitrogen(LN_(2))assisted fracturing has received considerable attention in hot dry rock reservoir reforming.In this paper,the cracked straight through Brazilian disc(CSTBD)specimen was used to investigate the e...Liquid nitrogen(LN_(2))assisted fracturing has received considerable attention in hot dry rock reservoir reforming.In this paper,the cracked straight through Brazilian disc(CSTBD)specimen was used to investigate the effect of water-immersion duration's effect on fracture characteristics of heated granite cooled by LN_(2).The target temperature ranges from 25℃to 600℃.The heated granite was cooled in LN_(2)to−196℃and then immersed in water for different durations of time.The CSTBD specimens were subjected to static compression and dynamic impact by a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB).The results show that in static compression,granite's mode-I fracture toughness decreases with increasing temperature,and static maximum principal strain(ε_(1s))and static crack tip opening displacement(CTODs)increase with increasing temperature.When the heating temperature is the same,fracture toughness reaches the minimum and maximum when water-immersion durations are 0.5 min and 1 min,respectively.At 25℃-600℃,ε_(1s)and CTODs are maximum when immersed in water for 0.5 min.At 400℃,the longer the granite is immersed in water,the dynamic fracture toughness(DFT)increases and then decreases under dynamic impact.The dynamic initiation toughness is less than the DFT,reaching the maximum at 0.5 min.Under dynamic impact,dynamic crack tip opening displacement(CTODD)and the maximum principal strain decrease and then increase,reaching their maximum at 1.5 min.At 400℃,the DFT and the CTODD under dynamic impact are 239.06%and 263.15%larger than those at static compression when immersed in water for 1.5 min.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study on the effect of hosts on development and reproduction of mealybug （Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley）. [Method] Observation was conducted on developmental durations and fecundity of Ph...[Objective] The aim was to study on the effect of hosts on development and reproduction of mealybug （Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley）. [Method] Observation was conducted on developmental durations and fecundity of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley fed on Gossypium spp., Nicotiana tabacum, Solanum tuberosum L and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. [Result] There were differences among all durations, generation durations and fecundities of the mealybug adult females. Specifically, the generation durations on cotton （Gossypium spp.）, tobacco（ Nicotiana tabacum）, potato （Solanum tuberosum L） and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis were 30.2, 28.2, 37.3, and 27.7 d, and the fecundities per female were 626.0, 417.2, 552.5, and 183.2 ind., respectively. [Conclusion] The mealybug would have strong pontential in population growth when fed on cotton, tobacco and potato.展开更多
Acupuncture is regarded as an effective therapy for cerebral ischemia. Different acupuncture ma- nipulations and durations may result in different therapeutic effects. In the present study, the Neig uan （PC6） acupoi...Acupuncture is regarded as an effective therapy for cerebral ischemia. Different acupuncture ma- nipulations and durations may result in different therapeutic effects. In the present study, the Neig uan （PC6） acupoint of rats with occluded middle cerebral arteries was needled at a fixed frequency （3 Hz） with different durations, i.e., 5, 60 and 180 seconds under a twisting-rotating acupuncture method. Results showed that different durations of acupuncture had different therapeutic effects, with 60 seconds yielding a better therapeutic effect than the other two groups. This duration of treatment demonstrated rapid cerebral blood flow, encouraging recovery of neurological function, and small cerebral infarct volume. Experimental findings indicated that under 3 Hz frequency, the treatment of needling Neiguan for 60 seconds is effective for ischemic stroke.展开更多
Objective: This research aims to investigate the best "Te Ding Dian Ci Bo Pu Zhi Liao Qi"(TDP) irradiation duration to enhance the efficacy of nursing and patient satisfaction.Methods: A total of 34 eligible...Objective: This research aims to investigate the best "Te Ding Dian Ci Bo Pu Zhi Liao Qi"(TDP) irradiation duration to enhance the efficacy of nursing and patient satisfaction.Methods: A total of 34 eligible patients were randomly divided into the treatment group(n=18) and the control group(n=16) between December 2015 and December 2016. Qualitative and quantitative studies were combined to create an impersonal evaluation of incision pain score, time of stitches removal, duration of hospital stays, patient satisfaction, and subjective experience due to different TDP irradiation durations.Results: The incision pain scores of the treatment group were 3.06±0.899 and 1.35±0.493 before and after treatment, respectively(P< 0.05), whereas those of the control group were 2.46±1.127 and 1.0±0.707 before and after treatment, respectively(P<0.05).No significant difference was found between the treatment group and the control groupup(P>0.05). The time of stitches removal and the duration of hospital stays of the treatment group were 14.85±4.070 and 19.08±6.652, respectively, whereas those of the control group were 14.08±0.641 and 23.15±10.72(P>0.05), respectively. The patient satisfaction degree score of the treatment group was2.77±0.439, whereas that of the control group was 2.08±0.954(P< 0.05).Conclusions: TDP irradiation can effectively relieve the incision pain of patients after lumbar spinal surgery. The treatment group is superior to the control group in patient satisfaction.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between daily activities and sleep durations for patients following elective percutaneous coronary intervention (ePCI) and diagnosed with ischemic heart diseas...The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between daily activities and sleep durations for patients following elective percutaneous coronary intervention (ePCI) and diagnosed with ischemic heart disease (IHD) after discharge to their homes. The actigraph data were used to collect data from twenty five patients. The duration of night-time sleep (minutes from the start to end of night-time) and actual night-time sleep duration (total sleep duration excluding wake-up durations of night-time) on the seventh day after discharge were divided into three groups;less than 360, 360 to 480, and more than 480 minutes (short, optimal and long respectively). Subsequently, among the three groups of patients, the data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis H-test with multiple comparison procedures using the Scheffé-test in order to compare differences in daytime activity items at seven days after discharge from the hospital. Total daytime nap duration (p p p p < 0.05). However, the duration of night-time sleep and daytime activity did not significantly differ. If actual night-time sleep duration is improved from 360 to 480 minutes, daytime nap could potentially be decreased. Determining objective sleep conditions for patients and treating sleep disorders may improve overall patient health, facilitating appropriate sleep and wake rhythms.展开更多
To clarify the contribution of oxygen vacancies to room-temperature ferromagnetism(RTFM)in cobalt doped TiO_(2)(Co-TiO_(2)),and in order to obtain the high level of magnetization suitable for spintronic devices,in thi...To clarify the contribution of oxygen vacancies to room-temperature ferromagnetism(RTFM)in cobalt doped TiO_(2)(Co-TiO_(2)),and in order to obtain the high level of magnetization suitable for spintronic devices,in this work,Co-TiO_(2) nano-particles are prepared via the sol-gel route,followed by vacuum annealing for different durations,and the influence of vacu-um annealing duration on the structure and room-temperature magnetism of the compounds is examined.The results reveal that with an increase in annealing duration,the concentration of oxygen vacancies rises steadily,while the saturation magnetiza-tion(Ms)shows an initial gradual increase,followed by a sharp decline,and even disappearance.The maximum Ms is as high as 1.19 emu/g,which is promising with respect to the development of spintronic devices.Further analysis reveals that oxygen va-cancies,modulated by annealing duration,play a critical role in tuning room-temperature magnetism.An appropriate concentra-tion of oxygen vacancies is beneficial in terms of promoting RTFM in Co-TiO_(2).However,excessive oxygen vacancies will result in a negative impact on RTFM,due to antiferromagnetic superexchange interactions originating from nearest-neighbor Co^(2+)ions.展开更多
Objective:To explore the best duration of moxibustion on lumbar disk herniation(LDH).Methods:A total of 88 patients were randomly divided into control group and 15-min,30-min,and 45-min moxibustion groups.The control ...Objective:To explore the best duration of moxibustion on lumbar disk herniation(LDH).Methods:A total of 88 patients were randomly divided into control group and 15-min,30-min,and 45-min moxibustion groups.The control group was treated with conventional therapy,while the other 3 groups were intervened with different moxibustion durations.Low back pain,dysfunction,lumbar function,and effective rates were evaluated before,in the first week and second week of intervention.Results:In low back pain,compared with the control group,the score of the 15-min group had no significant difference,but it was significantly lower in the 30-min and 45-min groups.In dysfunction and lumbar function,compared with the control group,the scores of the 15-min,30-min,and 45-min groups were significantly higher,and the scores of the 30-min and 45-min groups were significantly higher,but there was no significant difference between the 30-min and 45-min group.In effective rates,there was no significant difference between the control group and 15-min group;the effective rates of the 30-min and 45-min groups were significantly higher than those of the control group.Conclusions:Moxibustion has good therapeutic effect on LDH with specific moxibustion time.展开更多
Objective:To provide information on clinical characteristics and different durations of COVID-19 and to identify the potential risk factors for longer hospitalization of patients with COVID-19.Methods:In this retrospe...Objective:To provide information on clinical characteristics and different durations of COVID-19 and to identify the potential risk factors for longer hospitalization of patients with COVID-19.Methods:In this retrospective study,we enrolled 77 patients(age 52±20 years;44.2%males)with laboratory-confi rmed COVID-19 admitted to Beijing YouAn Hospital between January 21 and February 8,2020.Epidemiological,clinical,and radiological data on admission were collected;complications and outcomes were followed up until February 26,2020.The end point of the study was discharge alive within 2 weeks.Cox proportional-hazards regression was performed to identify risk factors for longer hospitalization.Results:Of 77 patients,there were 34 males(44.2%),24(31.2%)with comorbidities,22(28.6%)with lymphopenia,20(26.0%)with severe COVID-19,and 28(36.4%)with complications.By the end of follow-up,64 patients(83.1%)were discharged home,eight remained in hospital,and fi ve had died.Thirty-six patients(46.8%)were discharged within 14 days and thus reached the study end point,including 34 of the 57 patients with nonsevere COVID-19(59.6%)and two of the 20 patients with severe COVID-19(10%).The overall cumulative probability of the end point was 48.3%.Hospital length of stay and the duration from exposure to discharge for the 64 discharged patients were 13(10-16.5)days and 23(18-24.5)days,respectively.A multivariable stepwise Cox regression model showed that bilateral pneumonia on CT scan,shorter time from illness onset to admission,severity of disease,and lymphopenia were independently associated with longer hospitalization.Conclusions:COVID-19 has a shorter duration of disease and hospital length of stay than severe acute respiratory syndrome.Bilateral pneumonia on CT scan,shorter period from illness onset to admission,lymphopenia,and severity of disease are the risk factors for longer hospitalization of patients with COVID-19.展开更多
Based on propagation-rate equations, the influence of different input pulse durations on the properties of Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ co-doped double-clad fiber amplifier at dynamic equilibrium was analyzed. The change characteris...Based on propagation-rate equations, the influence of different input pulse durations on the properties of Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ co-doped double-clad fiber amplifier at dynamic equilibrium was analyzed. The change characteristic of output power sag with pulse duration and repetition rate was shown. Whether single or multichannel input pulses are amplified, the shorter the input pulse duration is, the smaller the power sags of output pulse will be. At low repetition rate, upper gain values（Gupper） of gain swing are almost the same for different input pulse durations, which tend to the small signal gain, but lower gain value（Glower） of short input pulse is larger than that of long input pulse. At highrepetition rate, lower gain value（Glower） approaches to upper gain value（Glower）.展开更多
Based on the well-known modified Angstrom formula on the relationship between the sunshine duration and the global solar radiation, this paper aimed to estimate the value of the constant a and b in Cameroon. Only five...Based on the well-known modified Angstrom formula on the relationship between the sunshine duration and the global solar radiation, this paper aimed to estimate the value of the constant a and b in Cameroon. Only five cities (Maroua, Garoua, NGaoundéré, Yaoundé and Douala) had the both available in-situ data recorded during the period of eleven years (1996-2006) beside which four others cities (Dschang, Koundja, Yoko and Manfé) had only the in-situ sunshine duration available data recorded during the period of twenty years (1986-2006). The 9 cities were grouped in 3 different climate regions. Based on the data of the 5 first cities belonging the 3 regions, the follow constant values a1 = -0.05, a2 = -0.02, a3 = -0.14 and b1 = 0.94, b2 = 0.74, b3 = 1.12 were obtained. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) Mean Bias Error (MBE) and correlation coefficient (r) were also determined. Then we used these values to estimate the global solar radiation for the other four remain cities. The constants a and b obtained values are in accordance with those of the West Africa region which Cameroon belongs to. So they can be employed in estimating global solar radiation of location in Cameroon paying attention only to the geographical location information.展开更多
Acoustic analysis and synthesis experiments have shown that duration and intonation patterns are the two most important prosodic features responsible for the quality of synthesized speech. In this paper a set of featu...Acoustic analysis and synthesis experiments have shown that duration and intonation patterns are the two most important prosodic features responsible for the quality of synthesized speech. In this paper a set of features are proposed which will influence the duration patterns of the sequence of the sound units. These features are derived from the results of the duration analysis. Duration analysis provides a rough estimate of features, which affect the duration patterns of the sequence of the sound units. But, the prediction of durations from these features using either linear models or with a fixed rulebase is not accurate. From the analysis it is observed that there exists a gross trend in durations of syllables with respect to syllable position in the phrase, syllable position in the word, word position in the phrase, syllable identity and the context of the syllable (preceding and the following syllables). These features can be further used to predict the durations of the syllables more accurately by exploring various nonlinear models. For analying the durations of sound units, broadcast news data in Telugu is used as the speech corpus. The prediction accuracy of the duration models developed using rulebases and neural networks is evaluated using the objective measures such as percentage of syllables predicted within the specified deviation, average prediction error (μ), standard deviation (σ) and correlation coefficient (γ).展开更多
Objective To investigate the effects of Dapagliflozin combined with insulin treatment on blood glucose index and pancreaticβ-cell function in overweight/obese type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients with different dis...Objective To investigate the effects of Dapagliflozin combined with insulin treatment on blood glucose index and pancreaticβ-cell function in overweight/obese type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients with different disease durations.Methods A total of 288 patients with impaired pancreatic function who were treated from June 2019 to June 2020 were selected.They were divided into three groups,short duration group(≤10 years group,n=95),medium duration group(10-20 years group,n=96)and long duration group(≥20 years group,n=97).Three groups of patients were treated with Dapagliflozin in addition to the regular insulin therapy for 6 months.Clinical efficacy,blood glucose indices,pancreaticβ-cell function and complications during the treatment period were compared among the three groups.Results After treatment,there was a significant decrease in the values of three groups including WC,FPG,2 hPG,HbA,c,TC,TG,LDL-C,BMI,FIns and HOMA-IR(P<O.05).Meanwhile,HDL-C,C-P,HOMA-βand HOMA-IS values showed a significant increase(P<0.05).After treatment,WC,FPG,2 hPG,HbA,c,TC,TG,LDL-C,FIns and HOMA-IR increased in turn(P<O.05),while HDL-C,C-P,HOMA-βand HOMA-IS decreased in turn in≤1O years group,10-20 years group,≥20 years group(P<0.05).The BMI of 10-20 years group was lower than that of≤10 years group and≥20 years group(P<0.05),while the BMI of≥20 years group was higher than that of≤10 years group(P<0.05).Conclusion In overweight/obese T2DM patients with different DM durations,Dapagliflozin combined with insulin treatment shows a significant advantage in lowering blood glucose indices and improving pancreaticβ-cell function,especially for patients with a shorter disease duration.展开更多
The relations of intensity Just Noticeable Difference (JND) to intensity for tone bursts maybe,depend on signal durations according to Jont B.Allen's [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 102 3, 1997, 3628--3646.]. The intensity j...The relations of intensity Just Noticeable Difference (JND) to intensity for tone bursts maybe,depend on signal durations according to Jont B.Allen's [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 102 3, 1997, 3628--3646.]. The intensity just noticeable differences for tone bursts with durations of 1 ms, 10 ms, 100 ms, 1000 ms, 5000 ms and 10000 ms were measured at different intensity levels of 20 dB, 30 dB, 40 dB, 50 dB, 60 dB, 70 dB, 80 dB, 90 dB, 100 dB. The data show that variance of Weber fraction (△I/I) with intensity is distinct from Riesz's result and SPIN theory, and that the relations between Weber fraction and intensity for signals of different durations are similar in spite of Weber fraction decreasing to asymptote with signal duration increasing. This means the difference of pulse measurement of intensity JND from Riesz's result and SPIN theory does not arise from the limited signal duration of pulse method and provides new cue for hearing research.展开更多
Optical tweezers technology has the characteristics of noncontact manipulation in three dimensions and steerable separation in solutions,and could be applied to obtain a separated sperm with high quality for intracyto...Optical tweezers technology has the characteristics of noncontact manipulation in three dimensions and steerable separation in solutions,and could be applied to obtain a separated sperm with high quality for intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).However,the effects of optical tweezers on sperm motility are still unclear.To elucidate the effects on sperm motility for optical tweezers,we systematically investigated the correlation between motility parameters and the parameters of optical tweezers(wavelength,power,trapping duration,and trapping orientation).Under three systems of optical tweezers with different laser wavelengths(1064,850,and 785 nm),the nine motility parameters of free swimming were mainly affected by trapping orientation(vertical/horizontal)and trapping duration.When 850 nm laser and 1064 nm laser are used,vertical trapping significantly reduces sperm free-swimming capability with prolonged exposure time,whereas horizontal trapping exhibits relatively minor interference on sperm motility.Notably,the 785 nm laser does not induce statistically significant changes in key parameters of sperm motility under any experimental conditions(trapping orientation and duration).For the rolling frequency of trapped sperm,horizontal trapping for three wavelengths has a negligible effect compared with vertical trapping,especially for the 785 nm laser.In conclusion,horizontal trapping can preserve sperm motility under low power(below 140mW at 1064 nm,below 100mW at 850nm,below 60mW at 785 nm)and short duration(below 4 min).This trapping duration is suffcient for the separation procedure of single live sperm in ICSI.This study provides critical parameter optimization guidelines for the safe application of optical tweezers technology in reproductive medicine.展开更多
Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large Spanish prospective cohort.Methods:We analyz...Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large Spanish prospective cohort.Methods:We analyzed data from 14,288 participants of the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra(SUN)Project,followed for a mean of 12.8 years(mean baseline age=38.3 years;60.1%women).Data were collected at baseline and through biennial follow-up questionnaires(up to 10 waves,depending on year of entry).The participants self-reported 24-h movement behaviors at baseline and were categorized based on the number of guidelines met(0-3).Behaviors were assessed at baseline only;changes in adherence during follow-up were not accounted for.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)for all-cause and cause-specific mortality,adjusting for sociodemographic,lifestyle,and clinical covariates.Results:Meeting a greater number of 24-Hour Movement Guidelines at baseline was associated with a progressively lower risk of all-cause mortality.Compared with those meeting none,the multivariable-adjusted HRs were 0.52(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.33-0.82)for meeting 1 guideline,0.47(95%CI:0.30-0.73)for meeting 2 guidelines,and 0.44(95%CI:0.28-0.71)for meeting all 3 guidelines.Only adherence to the physical activity guidelines was independently associated with a significantly lower mortality risk(HR=0.70;95%CI:0.55-0.89).A reduced risk was also observed for cancer and other-cause mortality among those meeting 2 or more guidelines.Conclusion:Adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines at baseline,particularly physical activity,was associated with a lower risk of mortality.Promoting an integrated approach to movement behaviors may be an effective strategy for improving population health and longevity.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to determine the temporal trends in sleep duration among Chinese adults.Methods In this series of repeated nationally representative cross-sectional surveys(China Chronic Disease and Risk Fa...Objective This study aimed to determine the temporal trends in sleep duration among Chinese adults.Methods In this series of repeated nationally representative cross-sectional surveys(China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance)conducted between 2010 and 2018,a total of 645,420 adult participants(97,741 in 2010;175,749 in 2013;187,777 in 2015;and 184,153 in 2018)were included in the trend analysis.Linear and logistic regression models were utilized to assess trends in sleep duration.Results In 2018,the estimated overall mean sleep duration among the Chinese adult population was7.58(SD,1.45)hours per day,with no significant trend from 2010.A significant increase in short sleep duration(≤6 hours)was observed in the total population,from 15.3%(95%CI:14.1%–16.5%)in 2010 to18.5%(95%CI:17.7%–19.3%)in 2018(P<0.001).Similarly,the trend in long sleep duration(>9 hours)was also significant,increasing in weighted prevalence from 7.2%(95%CI:6.3%–8.1%)in 2010 to 9.0%(95%CI:8.2%–9.9%)in 2018(P<0.001).Conclusion The prevalence of both short and long sleep durations significantly increased among Chinese adults from 2010 to 2018,highlighting the urgency of health initiatives to promote optimal sleep duration in China.展开更多
Arid and semi-arid ecosystems are prone to extensive fires due to specific climatic conditions,sparse vegetation cover,and high density of fine fuels.Understanding the flammability characteristics of land covers is es...Arid and semi-arid ecosystems are prone to extensive fires due to specific climatic conditions,sparse vegetation cover,and high density of fine fuels.Understanding the flammability characteristics of land covers is essential for fire management and designing land restoration programs in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.This study provided a new approach to evaluate the flammability of shrublands and woodlands using flammability indices(FIs)including time to ignition(TI),duration of combustion(DC),and flame height(FH)of plant species and their relative frequencies in the Dalfard Basin of southeastern Iran.The results showed that there was a significant difference in FIs between land covers.Shrublands had higher flammability potential compared with woodlands.Plant moisture content had a negative relationship with TI(P<0.010)and no significant relationship with DC and FH(P>0.050).Artemisia spp.,Astragalus gossypinus Fischer,Amygdalus scoparia Spach,and Cymbopogon jwarancusa(Jones)Schult.had the highest FI.Tree species such as Rhazya stricta Decne.,and Pistacia atlantica Desf.showed greater resistance to fire.Using principal component analysis,the relationship between species and FIs was examined,and TI of wet fuel was the most important FI in relation to species.Structural equation model showed that life form(P<0.001)was the most important flammability driver.Precipitation(P<0.010)and legume species(P<0.010)were significantly related to the flammability in arid land.This study emphasizes the importance of managing high-risk species and using resistant species in vegetation restoration and shows that combining species FIs with their abundance is an effective tool for assessing fire risk and fuel management at the plant community scale.展开更多
AIM:To explore the factors influencing the treatment duration and visual prognosis of cytomegalovirus(CMV)retinitis(CMVR)after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).METHODS:All participants rec...AIM:To explore the factors influencing the treatment duration and visual prognosis of cytomegalovirus(CMV)retinitis(CMVR)after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).METHODS:All participants received ganciclovir intravenous infusion or oral and intravitreal injection of ganciclovir(IVG)3 mg twice a week for 4 consecutive times(induction phase).The affected eyes were divided into stop treatment group(Group A),continue treatment group(Group B),and relapse after treatment group(Group C)according to whether local therapy could be terminated at the end of the induction phase and whether CMVR recurred within 3mo after the termination of local therapy.RESULTS:The study included 31 participants(48 eyes)diagnosed with CMVR including 11 males and 20 females.The mean age was(28±8.2)y.There were 17 cases of binocular disease(34 eyes)and 14 cases of monocular disease(14 eyes).Visual acuity improved in 26 eyes(54.1%),remained unchanged in 9 eyes(18.8%),and decreased in 13 eyes(27.1%).The peak value of blood CMV in Group B was significantly higher than that in Group A(P=0.013).The number of eyes with anterior chamber inflammation in Group C was significantly lower than that in Groups A and B(P=0.015,P=0.016).The average number of interval days was higher in Group A than in Group B.For Group A,there was a strong positive correlation between the number of eyes with CMV positive blood(r=0.712,P=0.031)and visual acuity changes.For Group B,there was a moderately strong positive correlation between the days of blood CMV after transplantation(r=0.371,P=0.043)and the times of injections.For Group C,there was a strong positive correlation between the peak value of blood CMV(r=0.719,P=0.029)and the times of injection.CONCLUSION:Systemic use of antivirals combined with intravitreal injection of antivirals is effective for patients with CMVR after allo-HSCT surgery.Patients with shorter interval days,higher peak or more days of blood CMV need more injections.Patients with positive blood CMV at initial diagnosis have worse visual prognosis.展开更多
As unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) are increasingly designed to perform long-duration missions in highly complex and often extreme environments, traditional design methods face significant and growing challenges^(...As unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) are increasingly designed to perform long-duration missions in highly complex and often extreme environments, traditional design methods face significant and growing challenges^([1,2]).展开更多
基金supported by NSFC research Grant 42274200National Key R&D Program of China 2023YFC2808900the International Space Science Institute(ISSI)in Bern,through ISSI International Team project#24-628-Precipitation of Energetic Particles from Magnetosphere and Their Effects on the Atmosphere.
文摘Geomagnetic substorms release plasma and energy from the magnetotail to the inner magnetosphere and high latitude ionosphere.In this study,we investigate substorms of different time duration,observed during the years 1982 to 2012.We measure substorm duration by a method based on the SME index.Our results demonstrate that longer-duration substorms occur more frequently during solar maximum years,and more frequently between the months of May and July,likely due to the higher polar ionospheric conductivity and more sunward geomagnetic pole directions during summer in the northern hemisphere.Additionally,longer substorms occur more frequently under stronger,longer-lasting southward IMF,and are accompanied by slower solar winds,suggesting that extended magnetic reconnection is required to drive longer substorms.Substorm durations are not significantly related to the minimum SML index,but longer substorms usually have higher SMU and continuously rising PC indices.The SME indices of long-duration substorms show a bimodal MLT distribution located near midnight and dusk after substorm onset,with the peak originally at midnight moving eastward to the morning side during the late recovery phase.Longer duration substorms have a stronger effect on the overall ring current at all MLT sectors except dawnside.Our results provide new insights into the development process and influencing factors of substorms,from the expansion phase to the recovery phase.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12272247,52204104)the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2024YFHZ0033).
文摘Liquid nitrogen(LN_(2))assisted fracturing has received considerable attention in hot dry rock reservoir reforming.In this paper,the cracked straight through Brazilian disc(CSTBD)specimen was used to investigate the effect of water-immersion duration's effect on fracture characteristics of heated granite cooled by LN_(2).The target temperature ranges from 25℃to 600℃.The heated granite was cooled in LN_(2)to−196℃and then immersed in water for different durations of time.The CSTBD specimens were subjected to static compression and dynamic impact by a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB).The results show that in static compression,granite's mode-I fracture toughness decreases with increasing temperature,and static maximum principal strain(ε_(1s))and static crack tip opening displacement(CTODs)increase with increasing temperature.When the heating temperature is the same,fracture toughness reaches the minimum and maximum when water-immersion durations are 0.5 min and 1 min,respectively.At 25℃-600℃,ε_(1s)and CTODs are maximum when immersed in water for 0.5 min.At 400℃,the longer the granite is immersed in water,the dynamic fracture toughness(DFT)increases and then decreases under dynamic impact.The dynamic initiation toughness is less than the DFT,reaching the maximum at 0.5 min.Under dynamic impact,dynamic crack tip opening displacement(CTODD)and the maximum principal strain decrease and then increase,reaching their maximum at 1.5 min.At 400℃,the DFT and the CTODD under dynamic impact are 239.06%and 263.15%larger than those at static compression when immersed in water for 1.5 min.
基金Supported by National Science Foundation of China(31171855)Special R&D Fund for Plant Epidemic Prevention and Quarantine in Guangdong Province(Yuenongji201190)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study on the effect of hosts on development and reproduction of mealybug （Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley）. [Method] Observation was conducted on developmental durations and fecundity of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley fed on Gossypium spp., Nicotiana tabacum, Solanum tuberosum L and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. [Result] There were differences among all durations, generation durations and fecundities of the mealybug adult females. Specifically, the generation durations on cotton （Gossypium spp.）, tobacco（ Nicotiana tabacum）, potato （Solanum tuberosum L） and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis were 30.2, 28.2, 37.3, and 27.7 d, and the fecundities per female were 626.0, 417.2, 552.5, and 183.2 ind., respectively. [Conclusion] The mealybug would have strong pontential in population growth when fed on cotton, tobacco and potato.
基金supported by a grant from the National Program on Key Basic Research Project(973 Program),No.2010CB530506
文摘Acupuncture is regarded as an effective therapy for cerebral ischemia. Different acupuncture ma- nipulations and durations may result in different therapeutic effects. In the present study, the Neig uan （PC6） acupoint of rats with occluded middle cerebral arteries was needled at a fixed frequency （3 Hz） with different durations, i.e., 5, 60 and 180 seconds under a twisting-rotating acupuncture method. Results showed that different durations of acupuncture had different therapeutic effects, with 60 seconds yielding a better therapeutic effect than the other two groups. This duration of treatment demonstrated rapid cerebral blood flow, encouraging recovery of neurological function, and small cerebral infarct volume. Experimental findings indicated that under 3 Hz frequency, the treatment of needling Neiguan for 60 seconds is effective for ischemic stroke.
文摘Objective: This research aims to investigate the best "Te Ding Dian Ci Bo Pu Zhi Liao Qi"(TDP) irradiation duration to enhance the efficacy of nursing and patient satisfaction.Methods: A total of 34 eligible patients were randomly divided into the treatment group(n=18) and the control group(n=16) between December 2015 and December 2016. Qualitative and quantitative studies were combined to create an impersonal evaluation of incision pain score, time of stitches removal, duration of hospital stays, patient satisfaction, and subjective experience due to different TDP irradiation durations.Results: The incision pain scores of the treatment group were 3.06±0.899 and 1.35±0.493 before and after treatment, respectively(P< 0.05), whereas those of the control group were 2.46±1.127 and 1.0±0.707 before and after treatment, respectively(P<0.05).No significant difference was found between the treatment group and the control groupup(P>0.05). The time of stitches removal and the duration of hospital stays of the treatment group were 14.85±4.070 and 19.08±6.652, respectively, whereas those of the control group were 14.08±0.641 and 23.15±10.72(P>0.05), respectively. The patient satisfaction degree score of the treatment group was2.77±0.439, whereas that of the control group was 2.08±0.954(P< 0.05).Conclusions: TDP irradiation can effectively relieve the incision pain of patients after lumbar spinal surgery. The treatment group is superior to the control group in patient satisfaction.
文摘The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between daily activities and sleep durations for patients following elective percutaneous coronary intervention (ePCI) and diagnosed with ischemic heart disease (IHD) after discharge to their homes. The actigraph data were used to collect data from twenty five patients. The duration of night-time sleep (minutes from the start to end of night-time) and actual night-time sleep duration (total sleep duration excluding wake-up durations of night-time) on the seventh day after discharge were divided into three groups;less than 360, 360 to 480, and more than 480 minutes (short, optimal and long respectively). Subsequently, among the three groups of patients, the data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis H-test with multiple comparison procedures using the Scheffé-test in order to compare differences in daytime activity items at seven days after discharge from the hospital. Total daytime nap duration (p p p p < 0.05). However, the duration of night-time sleep and daytime activity did not significantly differ. If actual night-time sleep duration is improved from 360 to 480 minutes, daytime nap could potentially be decreased. Determining objective sleep conditions for patients and treating sleep disorders may improve overall patient health, facilitating appropriate sleep and wake rhythms.
基金supported by the National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(No.201910389022).
文摘To clarify the contribution of oxygen vacancies to room-temperature ferromagnetism(RTFM)in cobalt doped TiO_(2)(Co-TiO_(2)),and in order to obtain the high level of magnetization suitable for spintronic devices,in this work,Co-TiO_(2) nano-particles are prepared via the sol-gel route,followed by vacuum annealing for different durations,and the influence of vacu-um annealing duration on the structure and room-temperature magnetism of the compounds is examined.The results reveal that with an increase in annealing duration,the concentration of oxygen vacancies rises steadily,while the saturation magnetiza-tion(Ms)shows an initial gradual increase,followed by a sharp decline,and even disappearance.The maximum Ms is as high as 1.19 emu/g,which is promising with respect to the development of spintronic devices.Further analysis reveals that oxygen va-cancies,modulated by annealing duration,play a critical role in tuning room-temperature magnetism.An appropriate concentra-tion of oxygen vacancies is beneficial in terms of promoting RTFM in Co-TiO_(2).However,excessive oxygen vacancies will result in a negative impact on RTFM,due to antiferromagnetic superexchange interactions originating from nearest-neighbor Co^(2+)ions.
文摘Objective:To explore the best duration of moxibustion on lumbar disk herniation(LDH).Methods:A total of 88 patients were randomly divided into control group and 15-min,30-min,and 45-min moxibustion groups.The control group was treated with conventional therapy,while the other 3 groups were intervened with different moxibustion durations.Low back pain,dysfunction,lumbar function,and effective rates were evaluated before,in the first week and second week of intervention.Results:In low back pain,compared with the control group,the score of the 15-min group had no significant difference,but it was significantly lower in the 30-min and 45-min groups.In dysfunction and lumbar function,compared with the control group,the scores of the 15-min,30-min,and 45-min groups were significantly higher,and the scores of the 30-min and 45-min groups were significantly higher,but there was no significant difference between the 30-min and 45-min group.In effective rates,there was no significant difference between the control group and 15-min group;the effective rates of the 30-min and 45-min groups were significantly higher than those of the control group.Conclusions:Moxibustion has good therapeutic effect on LDH with specific moxibustion time.
文摘Objective:To provide information on clinical characteristics and different durations of COVID-19 and to identify the potential risk factors for longer hospitalization of patients with COVID-19.Methods:In this retrospective study,we enrolled 77 patients(age 52±20 years;44.2%males)with laboratory-confi rmed COVID-19 admitted to Beijing YouAn Hospital between January 21 and February 8,2020.Epidemiological,clinical,and radiological data on admission were collected;complications and outcomes were followed up until February 26,2020.The end point of the study was discharge alive within 2 weeks.Cox proportional-hazards regression was performed to identify risk factors for longer hospitalization.Results:Of 77 patients,there were 34 males(44.2%),24(31.2%)with comorbidities,22(28.6%)with lymphopenia,20(26.0%)with severe COVID-19,and 28(36.4%)with complications.By the end of follow-up,64 patients(83.1%)were discharged home,eight remained in hospital,and fi ve had died.Thirty-six patients(46.8%)were discharged within 14 days and thus reached the study end point,including 34 of the 57 patients with nonsevere COVID-19(59.6%)and two of the 20 patients with severe COVID-19(10%).The overall cumulative probability of the end point was 48.3%.Hospital length of stay and the duration from exposure to discharge for the 64 discharged patients were 13(10-16.5)days and 23(18-24.5)days,respectively.A multivariable stepwise Cox regression model showed that bilateral pneumonia on CT scan,shorter time from illness onset to admission,severity of disease,and lymphopenia were independently associated with longer hospitalization.Conclusions:COVID-19 has a shorter duration of disease and hospital length of stay than severe acute respiratory syndrome.Bilateral pneumonia on CT scan,shorter period from illness onset to admission,lymphopenia,and severity of disease are the risk factors for longer hospitalization of patients with COVID-19.
文摘Based on propagation-rate equations, the influence of different input pulse durations on the properties of Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ co-doped double-clad fiber amplifier at dynamic equilibrium was analyzed. The change characteristic of output power sag with pulse duration and repetition rate was shown. Whether single or multichannel input pulses are amplified, the shorter the input pulse duration is, the smaller the power sags of output pulse will be. At low repetition rate, upper gain values（Gupper） of gain swing are almost the same for different input pulse durations, which tend to the small signal gain, but lower gain value（Glower） of short input pulse is larger than that of long input pulse. At highrepetition rate, lower gain value（Glower） approaches to upper gain value（Glower）.
文摘Based on the well-known modified Angstrom formula on the relationship between the sunshine duration and the global solar radiation, this paper aimed to estimate the value of the constant a and b in Cameroon. Only five cities (Maroua, Garoua, NGaoundéré, Yaoundé and Douala) had the both available in-situ data recorded during the period of eleven years (1996-2006) beside which four others cities (Dschang, Koundja, Yoko and Manfé) had only the in-situ sunshine duration available data recorded during the period of twenty years (1986-2006). The 9 cities were grouped in 3 different climate regions. Based on the data of the 5 first cities belonging the 3 regions, the follow constant values a1 = -0.05, a2 = -0.02, a3 = -0.14 and b1 = 0.94, b2 = 0.74, b3 = 1.12 were obtained. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) Mean Bias Error (MBE) and correlation coefficient (r) were also determined. Then we used these values to estimate the global solar radiation for the other four remain cities. The constants a and b obtained values are in accordance with those of the West Africa region which Cameroon belongs to. So they can be employed in estimating global solar radiation of location in Cameroon paying attention only to the geographical location information.
文摘Acoustic analysis and synthesis experiments have shown that duration and intonation patterns are the two most important prosodic features responsible for the quality of synthesized speech. In this paper a set of features are proposed which will influence the duration patterns of the sequence of the sound units. These features are derived from the results of the duration analysis. Duration analysis provides a rough estimate of features, which affect the duration patterns of the sequence of the sound units. But, the prediction of durations from these features using either linear models or with a fixed rulebase is not accurate. From the analysis it is observed that there exists a gross trend in durations of syllables with respect to syllable position in the phrase, syllable position in the word, word position in the phrase, syllable identity and the context of the syllable (preceding and the following syllables). These features can be further used to predict the durations of the syllables more accurately by exploring various nonlinear models. For analying the durations of sound units, broadcast news data in Telugu is used as the speech corpus. The prediction accuracy of the duration models developed using rulebases and neural networks is evaluated using the objective measures such as percentage of syllables predicted within the specified deviation, average prediction error (μ), standard deviation (σ) and correlation coefficient (γ).
文摘Objective To investigate the effects of Dapagliflozin combined with insulin treatment on blood glucose index and pancreaticβ-cell function in overweight/obese type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients with different disease durations.Methods A total of 288 patients with impaired pancreatic function who were treated from June 2019 to June 2020 were selected.They were divided into three groups,short duration group(≤10 years group,n=95),medium duration group(10-20 years group,n=96)and long duration group(≥20 years group,n=97).Three groups of patients were treated with Dapagliflozin in addition to the regular insulin therapy for 6 months.Clinical efficacy,blood glucose indices,pancreaticβ-cell function and complications during the treatment period were compared among the three groups.Results After treatment,there was a significant decrease in the values of three groups including WC,FPG,2 hPG,HbA,c,TC,TG,LDL-C,BMI,FIns and HOMA-IR(P<O.05).Meanwhile,HDL-C,C-P,HOMA-βand HOMA-IS values showed a significant increase(P<0.05).After treatment,WC,FPG,2 hPG,HbA,c,TC,TG,LDL-C,FIns and HOMA-IR increased in turn(P<O.05),while HDL-C,C-P,HOMA-βand HOMA-IS decreased in turn in≤1O years group,10-20 years group,≥20 years group(P<0.05).The BMI of 10-20 years group was lower than that of≤10 years group and≥20 years group(P<0.05),while the BMI of≥20 years group was higher than that of≤10 years group(P<0.05).Conclusion In overweight/obese T2DM patients with different DM durations,Dapagliflozin combined with insulin treatment shows a significant advantage in lowering blood glucose indices and improving pancreaticβ-cell function,especially for patients with a shorter disease duration.
文摘The relations of intensity Just Noticeable Difference (JND) to intensity for tone bursts maybe,depend on signal durations according to Jont B.Allen's [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 102 3, 1997, 3628--3646.]. The intensity just noticeable differences for tone bursts with durations of 1 ms, 10 ms, 100 ms, 1000 ms, 5000 ms and 10000 ms were measured at different intensity levels of 20 dB, 30 dB, 40 dB, 50 dB, 60 dB, 70 dB, 80 dB, 90 dB, 100 dB. The data show that variance of Weber fraction (△I/I) with intensity is distinct from Riesz's result and SPIN theory, and that the relations between Weber fraction and intensity for signals of different durations are similar in spite of Weber fraction decreasing to asymptote with signal duration increasing. This means the difference of pulse measurement of intensity JND from Riesz's result and SPIN theory does not arise from the limited signal duration of pulse method and provides new cue for hearing research.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province in China(2508085MF166)Research Fund of Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine(2024zh-03)+2 种基金Key Scientific Research Foundation of Education Department of Anhui Province(2023AH040083)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12404353)Cultivation Project of Training Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Universities of Anhui Province(DTR2023013).
文摘Optical tweezers technology has the characteristics of noncontact manipulation in three dimensions and steerable separation in solutions,and could be applied to obtain a separated sperm with high quality for intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).However,the effects of optical tweezers on sperm motility are still unclear.To elucidate the effects on sperm motility for optical tweezers,we systematically investigated the correlation between motility parameters and the parameters of optical tweezers(wavelength,power,trapping duration,and trapping orientation).Under three systems of optical tweezers with different laser wavelengths(1064,850,and 785 nm),the nine motility parameters of free swimming were mainly affected by trapping orientation(vertical/horizontal)and trapping duration.When 850 nm laser and 1064 nm laser are used,vertical trapping significantly reduces sperm free-swimming capability with prolonged exposure time,whereas horizontal trapping exhibits relatively minor interference on sperm motility.Notably,the 785 nm laser does not induce statistically significant changes in key parameters of sperm motility under any experimental conditions(trapping orientation and duration).For the rolling frequency of trapped sperm,horizontal trapping for three wavelengths has a negligible effect compared with vertical trapping,especially for the 785 nm laser.In conclusion,horizontal trapping can preserve sperm motility under low power(below 140mW at 1064 nm,below 100mW at 850nm,below 60mW at 785 nm)and short duration(below 4 min).This trapping duration is suffcient for the separation procedure of single live sperm in ICSI.This study provides critical parameter optimization guidelines for the safe application of optical tweezers technology in reproductive medicine.
文摘Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large Spanish prospective cohort.Methods:We analyzed data from 14,288 participants of the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra(SUN)Project,followed for a mean of 12.8 years(mean baseline age=38.3 years;60.1%women).Data were collected at baseline and through biennial follow-up questionnaires(up to 10 waves,depending on year of entry).The participants self-reported 24-h movement behaviors at baseline and were categorized based on the number of guidelines met(0-3).Behaviors were assessed at baseline only;changes in adherence during follow-up were not accounted for.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)for all-cause and cause-specific mortality,adjusting for sociodemographic,lifestyle,and clinical covariates.Results:Meeting a greater number of 24-Hour Movement Guidelines at baseline was associated with a progressively lower risk of all-cause mortality.Compared with those meeting none,the multivariable-adjusted HRs were 0.52(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.33-0.82)for meeting 1 guideline,0.47(95%CI:0.30-0.73)for meeting 2 guidelines,and 0.44(95%CI:0.28-0.71)for meeting all 3 guidelines.Only adherence to the physical activity guidelines was independently associated with a significantly lower mortality risk(HR=0.70;95%CI:0.55-0.89).A reduced risk was also observed for cancer and other-cause mortality among those meeting 2 or more guidelines.Conclusion:Adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines at baseline,particularly physical activity,was associated with a lower risk of mortality.Promoting an integrated approach to movement behaviors may be an effective strategy for improving population health and longevity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82341245,82371491)the Chinese Central Government(Key Project of Public Health Program)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1311706,2018YFC1311702)。
文摘Objective This study aimed to determine the temporal trends in sleep duration among Chinese adults.Methods In this series of repeated nationally representative cross-sectional surveys(China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance)conducted between 2010 and 2018,a total of 645,420 adult participants(97,741 in 2010;175,749 in 2013;187,777 in 2015;and 184,153 in 2018)were included in the trend analysis.Linear and logistic regression models were utilized to assess trends in sleep duration.Results In 2018,the estimated overall mean sleep duration among the Chinese adult population was7.58(SD,1.45)hours per day,with no significant trend from 2010.A significant increase in short sleep duration(≤6 hours)was observed in the total population,from 15.3%(95%CI:14.1%–16.5%)in 2010 to18.5%(95%CI:17.7%–19.3%)in 2018(P<0.001).Similarly,the trend in long sleep duration(>9 hours)was also significant,increasing in weighted prevalence from 7.2%(95%CI:6.3%–8.1%)in 2010 to 9.0%(95%CI:8.2%–9.9%)in 2018(P<0.001).Conclusion The prevalence of both short and long sleep durations significantly increased among Chinese adults from 2010 to 2018,highlighting the urgency of health initiatives to promote optimal sleep duration in China.
文摘Arid and semi-arid ecosystems are prone to extensive fires due to specific climatic conditions,sparse vegetation cover,and high density of fine fuels.Understanding the flammability characteristics of land covers is essential for fire management and designing land restoration programs in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.This study provided a new approach to evaluate the flammability of shrublands and woodlands using flammability indices(FIs)including time to ignition(TI),duration of combustion(DC),and flame height(FH)of plant species and their relative frequencies in the Dalfard Basin of southeastern Iran.The results showed that there was a significant difference in FIs between land covers.Shrublands had higher flammability potential compared with woodlands.Plant moisture content had a negative relationship with TI(P<0.010)and no significant relationship with DC and FH(P>0.050).Artemisia spp.,Astragalus gossypinus Fischer,Amygdalus scoparia Spach,and Cymbopogon jwarancusa(Jones)Schult.had the highest FI.Tree species such as Rhazya stricta Decne.,and Pistacia atlantica Desf.showed greater resistance to fire.Using principal component analysis,the relationship between species and FIs was examined,and TI of wet fuel was the most important FI in relation to species.Structural equation model showed that life form(P<0.001)was the most important flammability driver.Precipitation(P<0.010)and legume species(P<0.010)were significantly related to the flammability in arid land.This study emphasizes the importance of managing high-risk species and using resistant species in vegetation restoration and shows that combining species FIs with their abundance is an effective tool for assessing fire risk and fuel management at the plant community scale.
文摘AIM:To explore the factors influencing the treatment duration and visual prognosis of cytomegalovirus(CMV)retinitis(CMVR)after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).METHODS:All participants received ganciclovir intravenous infusion or oral and intravitreal injection of ganciclovir(IVG)3 mg twice a week for 4 consecutive times(induction phase).The affected eyes were divided into stop treatment group(Group A),continue treatment group(Group B),and relapse after treatment group(Group C)according to whether local therapy could be terminated at the end of the induction phase and whether CMVR recurred within 3mo after the termination of local therapy.RESULTS:The study included 31 participants(48 eyes)diagnosed with CMVR including 11 males and 20 females.The mean age was(28±8.2)y.There were 17 cases of binocular disease(34 eyes)and 14 cases of monocular disease(14 eyes).Visual acuity improved in 26 eyes(54.1%),remained unchanged in 9 eyes(18.8%),and decreased in 13 eyes(27.1%).The peak value of blood CMV in Group B was significantly higher than that in Group A(P=0.013).The number of eyes with anterior chamber inflammation in Group C was significantly lower than that in Groups A and B(P=0.015,P=0.016).The average number of interval days was higher in Group A than in Group B.For Group A,there was a strong positive correlation between the number of eyes with CMV positive blood(r=0.712,P=0.031)and visual acuity changes.For Group B,there was a moderately strong positive correlation between the days of blood CMV after transplantation(r=0.371,P=0.043)and the times of injections.For Group C,there was a strong positive correlation between the peak value of blood CMV(r=0.719,P=0.029)and the times of injection.CONCLUSION:Systemic use of antivirals combined with intravitreal injection of antivirals is effective for patients with CMVR after allo-HSCT surgery.Patients with shorter interval days,higher peak or more days of blood CMV need more injections.Patients with positive blood CMV at initial diagnosis have worse visual prognosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52405033)。
文摘As unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) are increasingly designed to perform long-duration missions in highly complex and often extreme environments, traditional design methods face significant and growing challenges^([1,2]).
