The antibacterial polyamide 6(PA6)material has attracted great research interest due to its wide ap-plication in food packaging,biomedical fields,functional textiles,and other fields.However,it is still a challenge to...The antibacterial polyamide 6(PA6)material has attracted great research interest due to its wide ap-plication in food packaging,biomedical fields,functional textiles,and other fields.However,it is still a challenge to prepare intrinsically antibacterial PA6 with highly efficient and durably antibacterial activity via polymerization.Herein,the antibacterial imidazolium ionic liquid of 3-carboxymethyl-1-decyl imida-zole chloride was designed and synthesized for adapting the polymerization and processing temperature of PA6.Then antibacterial PA6(PA6-IL)was synthesized through hydrolyzed ring-opening copolymeriza-tion with imidazolium at the end of the backbones.Compared to physical blending or post-modification methods,antibacterial agents as end-capping reagents of polymer backbones endowed PA6 with intrin-sic antibacterial activity.As expected,the obtained PA6-IL exhibited not just comparable physicochemical and mechanical properties to conventional PA6 but excellent antibacterial activity of low antibacterial time to 60 min and durability for 28 days.Additionally,the corresponding electrospun PA6-IL nanofi-brous membranes showed homogenous morphology and remarkable hydrophilicity of 7.7° as well as the high-efficient antibacterial activity.Melt-spun PA6-IL microfibers revealed a smooth surface as well as enhanced tensile strength and increased breaking elongation compared to those of conventional PA6.The PA6-IL microfibers also behaved with excellent antibacterial efficiency and durability.Accordingly,this work provides a feasible and straightforward strategy to prepare durably and intrinsically antibacterial PA6 materials especially PA6 fibers,which can be widely applied in the textiles field.展开更多
A new fertilizer of cocrystal type,known as durably efficacious ammonium bicarbonate(DEAB),has been developed by adding a certain amount of dicyandiamide(DCD)as an ammonia-stabilizing agent to ammonium bearbenate(AB)d...A new fertilizer of cocrystal type,known as durably efficacious ammonium bicarbonate(DEAB),has been developed by adding a certain amount of dicyandiamide(DCD)as an ammonia-stabilizing agent to ammonium bearbenate(AB)during the process of its production.As compared with AB,DEAB was found to have a reduction of direct volatilization loss by 53%,a fertilizer availability period prolonged from 35-45 to 90-110 d,and an increase in the rate of nitrogen in fertilizer being utilized by 5.9%-10.2%,and a saving of the amount of fertilizer to be ap-phed by 20%-30%for the same level of yield,or an increase of the crop yield by over 10%for the same level of ni-tregen fertilization;in addition,it was found to show usually a function of promoting the crop to early mature.It can be applied as basal dressing all in one time to soil and thus also used as a labour-saving and crop yield-increasing fertil-izer for is non-mtertillage,plastics film covering and water-saving agriculture.展开更多
This study introduces superabsorbent polymers(SAP)into recycled concrete and,through freeze-thaw cycle tests,unconfined compressive strength tests,and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)analysis,evaluates the freeze-thaw ...This study introduces superabsorbent polymers(SAP)into recycled concrete and,through freeze-thaw cycle tests,unconfined compressive strength tests,and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)analysis,evaluates the freeze-thaw resistance and durability of recycled concrete samples under varying freeze-thaw cycles.The results indicate that an appropriate addition of SAP significantly enhances the freeze-thaw resistance of recycled concrete.After 200 freeze-thaw cycles,the RS0.6 sample retained good surface integrity,demonstrating the best performance.Compared to NAC,its mass loss decreased by 1.16%,the relative dynamic modulus improved by 7.01%,and the compressive strength loss rate decreased by 5.41%.Additionally,T2 spectrum analysis revealed that adding SAP optimized the pore structure of recycled concrete and mitigated pore development during freeze-thaw cycles.As the number of freeze-thaw cycles increased,the RS0.3 and RS0.6 samples demonstrated superior frost resistance compared to NAC.However,an excessive amount of SAP increased pore expansion during subsequent freeze-thaw cycles,ultimately weakening frost resistance.展开更多
The development of Pt-free catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is a great issue for meeting the cost challenges of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)in commercial applications.In this work,a serie...The development of Pt-free catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is a great issue for meeting the cost challenges of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)in commercial applications.In this work,a series of RuCo/C catalysts were synthesized by NaBH4 reduction method under the premise that the total metal mass percentage was 20%.X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)confirmed the formation of single-phase nanoparticles with an average size of 33 nm.Cyclic voltammograms(CV)and linear sweep voltammograms(LSV)tests indicated that RuCo(2:1)/C catalyst had the optimal ORR properties.Additionally,the RuCo(2:1)/C catalyst remarkably sustained 98.1% of its activity even after 3000 cycles,surpassing the performance of Pt/C(84.8%).Analysis of the elemental state of the catalyst surface after cycling using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)revealed that the Ru^(0) percentage of RuCo(2:1)/C decreased by 2.2%(from 66.3% to 64.1%),while the Pt^(0) percentage of Pt/C decreased by 7.1%(from 53.3% to 46.2%).It is suggested that the synergy between Ru and Co holds the potential to pave the way for future low-cost and highly stable ORR catalysts,offering significant promise in the context of PEMFCs.展开更多
To study the durability of concrete in harsh environments in Northwest China,concrete was prepared with various durability-improving materials such as concrete anti-erosion inhibitor(SBT-TIA),acrylate polymer(AP),supe...To study the durability of concrete in harsh environments in Northwest China,concrete was prepared with various durability-improving materials such as concrete anti-erosion inhibitor(SBT-TIA),acrylate polymer(AP),super absorbent resin(SAP).The erosion mode and internal deterioration mechanism under salt freeze-thaw cycle and dry-wet cycle were explored.The results show that the addition of enhancing materials can effectively improve the resistance of concrete to salt freezing and sulfate erosion:the relevant indexes of concrete added with X-AP and T-AP are improved after salt freeze-thaw cycles;concrete added with SBTTIA shows optimal sulfate corrosion resistance;and concrete added with AP displays the best resistance to salt freezing.Microanalysis shows that the increase in the number of cycles decreases the generation of internal hydration products and defects in concrete mixed with enhancing materials and improves the related indexes.Based on the Wiener model analysis,the reliability of concrete with different lithologies and enhancing materials is improved,which may provide a reference for the application of manufactured sand concrete and enhancing materials in Northwest China,especially for the study of the improvement effects and mechanism of enhancing materials on the performance of concrete.展开更多
The growing demand for renewable energy has increased the use of wood pellets as a clean and efficient biomass fuel.This study aims to evaluate the physical properties of wood pellets produced from Acacia hybrid(AC)ve...The growing demand for renewable energy has increased the use of wood pellets as a clean and efficient biomass fuel.This study aims to evaluate the physical properties of wood pellets produced from Acacia hybrid(AC)veneer waste and Pine wood(PW)waste mixed with varying ratios.The objectives are to investigate the effect of different blend ratios ofAcacia hybrid veneer waste and pine wood waste on the physical properties,specificallymoisture content,density,and pellet durability index(PDI)of wood pellets,and to identify the optimal ratio that yields the most desirable pellet quality.The wood pellets were produced by blending Acacia hybrid veneer waste and Pine wood waste(AC:PW)in weight ratios of 100:0,75:25,50:50,25:75,and 0:100.The materials were dried to 10%–12%moisture before pelletizing using a pellet mill under consistent pressure and temperature.Moisture content(MC),density(ρ)and pellet durability index(PDI)were measured following the International Organization for Standardization(ISO).The study found that blending Acacia hybrid veneer waste with Pine wood waste significantly improved pellet density and durability compared to the control.The moisture was lowest in pellets with 50:50 and 25:75 blends,indicating better drying and stability.The blend 50:50 achieves the highest density,and for pellet durability index,the best blend is 25:75,suggesting improved resistance to breakage.Overall,the 50:50 and 25:75 ratios produced pellet with the most desirable combination of low moisture,high density,high durability and the blend meets key ISO 17225 and ENplus quality standards for industrial wood pellet.展开更多
The excessive use of pesticides has exacerbated environmental pollution due to herbicide residues,while their persistent toxicity poses serious challenges to global ecological security.A magnetically recyclable CoFe_(...The excessive use of pesticides has exacerbated environmental pollution due to herbicide residues,while their persistent toxicity poses serious challenges to global ecological security.A magnetically recyclable CoFe_(2)O_(4)/BiOBr S-scheme heterojunctions was prepared by microwave-assisted co-precipitation method for photocatalytic degradation of Diuron(DUR) in water.The formation of S-scheme heterojunction enhances electron transfer and charge separation,which was demonstrated by free radical trapping,electrochemical experiments,and DFT calculations.The magnetic CoFe_(2)O_(4)/BiOBr catalysts can achieve 99.9 %removal of diuron in 50 min under visible light irradiation.Furthermore,the system maintains stable performance across a broad p H range(3-9),enabling adaptation to diverse water environments,effective elimination of multiple pollutants,and strong resistance to ionic interference.Using magnetic recovery,CoFe_(2)O_(4)/BiOBr exhibits a high removal rate of 99 % and a markedly low ion leaching rate(<20 μg/L) after six cycles photocatalytic process,confirming its excellent stability and durability.According to HPLCQTOF-MS and DFT calculation,the main ways of DUR degradation include dechlorinated hydroxylation,dealkylation and hydroxylation of aromatic ring and side chain.Toxicity analysis showed that the toxicity of the intermediates generated during degradation was generally lower than that of DUR.The magnetic CoFe_(2)O_(4)/BiOBr S-scheme heterojunction developed in this study exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance,high applicability,good stability,and durability,providing an effective magnetic for the removal of refractory pollutants.展开更多
Polymer nanocomposite coatings(PNCCs)are unprecedented generation of coatings engineered for displaying inexpensive and brilliant functional surface coatings with eminent corrosion guard,mechanical resistance,antimicr...Polymer nanocomposite coatings(PNCCs)are unprecedented generation of coatings engineered for displaying inexpensive and brilliant functional surface coatings with eminent corrosion guard,mechanical resistance,antimicrobial,chemical durability,electrical insulation,and UV aging features.Due to their widely anticipation in petroleum,applications in building,conveyance,aerospace,electronics,automobiles and energy,these multi-functional coatings have a tremendous leverage in human life,all technological and scientific subjects.Numerous applications have been made for multilateral polymers like polyurethane(PU),epoxy(EP),polyaniline(PANI)conductive polymer,polypyrrole(PPy),and etc,on various metallic surfaces especially,carbon steel substrate owing to their excellent resistance properties.Practically,nanomaterials can possess potential in the all-interdisciplinary domains of materials science and engineering,chemical and physical sciences,biological and health sciences.As known,the designed polymer nanocomposite coating paradigm is fundamentally constituted from polymer or resin as a vehicle and inorganic nanofillers(nanoparticles and nanocomposites).Some commercialized and excessively employed nanocontainers in polymer nanocomposite coating formulations,like ZnO,TiO_(2),carbon nanotubes(CNTs),clay,SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),graphene,GO,CeO_(2),ZrO_(2),FeTiO_(3),etc were discussed.The current review covered the chemistry and potential applications of the largest utilized multifunctional polymer nanocomposite coatings such as EP,PU and other considerable PNCCs.Lately,a titanic attention was made for epoxy nanocomposites because of their distinct physicochemical characteristics,which result from the combined qualities of the nanoparticles and polymer material unity.In addition,the author incorporated some of his scientific contributions in this area represented in construction of innovative functional polymer nanocomposites for a variety of uses with high economic,industrial impacts and future orientation.Furthermore,some newly published applications of polymer nanocomposite coatings were incorporated and discussed.展开更多
The utilization of solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology is highly important in addressing the energy crisis and water scarcity,primarily because of its affordability and minimal energy usage.Enhancing the p...The utilization of solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology is highly important in addressing the energy crisis and water scarcity,primarily because of its affordability and minimal energy usage.Enhancing the performance of solar energy evaporation and minimizing material degradation during application can be achieved through the design of novel photothermal materials.In solar interfacial evaporation,photothermal materials exhibit a wide range of additional characteristics,but a systematic overview is lacking.This paper encompasses an examination of various categories and principles pertaining to photothermal materials,as well as the structural design considerations for salt-resistant materials.Additionally,we discuss the versatile uses of this appealing technology in different sectors related to energy and the environment.Furthermore,potential solutions to enhance the durability of photothermal materials are also highlighted,such as the rational design of micro/nano-structures,the use of adhesives,the addition of anti-corrosion coatings,and the preparation of self-healing surfaces.The objective of this review is to offer a viable resolution for the logical creation of high-performance photothermal substances,presenting a guide for the forthcoming advancement of solar evaporation technology.展开更多
This study investigates the use of a low-carbon soil stabilizer called SDG,which is made up of granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS),desulfurization gypsum (DG),and calcium carbide slag (CCS),to solidify the soil.The ...This study investigates the use of a low-carbon soil stabilizer called SDG,which is made up of granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS),desulfurization gypsum (DG),and calcium carbide slag (CCS),to solidify the soil.The impact of SDG components on the strength and durability of solidified soil was analysed through a series of tests,including unconfined compressive strength,water stability coefficient,water absorption rate,drying-wetting cycles,and shrinkage tests.Furthermore,microstructure characteristics were analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The study shows that the solidified soil has excellent strength and durability when the SDG stabilizer contains 60% GGBGS,10% DG,and 30% CCS.Additionally,increasing the DG content negatively affects the soil's resistance to water.The SDG stabilizer has potential chemical cementitious characteristics and the calcium carbide slag is rich in calcium ions,which undergo an ion exchange reaction with minerals in the soil.These findings offer new ideas for the development of soil stabilizers.展开更多
Nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanohorns(N-SWCNHs)can serve as an effective carrier for platinum(Pt)catalysts,which has the potential to improve the electrocatalytic activity of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and ...Nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanohorns(N-SWCNHs)can serve as an effective carrier for platinum(Pt)catalysts,which has the potential to improve the electrocatalytic activity of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and the operation life of the catalyst.In this work,dahlia-like SWCNHs with N contents ranging from 2.1at%to 4.3at%are controllably synthesized via arc discharge and applied as a carrier of Pt nanoparticles(NPs),denoted as Pt/N-SWCNHs.Pt/N-SWCNHs-2:1(graphite and melamine with the mass ratio of 2:1)exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity(onset potential=0.95 V).The half-wave potential of Pt/N-SWCNHs-2:1 is only reduced by 2 mV after 3000 cyclic voltammetry cycles.This can be attributed to the enhanced dispersion of Pt NPs and the strong electronic interaction between the N-SWCNHs and Pt,facilitated by the optimal nitrogen doping level.The results of this work offer important perspectives on the design and enhancement of Pt-based electrocatalysts for ORR applications,highlighting the critical role of the nitrogen doping level in balancing the electrocatalytic activity and long-term stability.展开更多
This paper provides a comprehensive review of various experimental methods used to study carbon corrosion in automotive polymer exchange membrane fuel cells.Quantifying the extent of carbon corrosion is essential for ...This paper provides a comprehensive review of various experimental methods used to study carbon corrosion in automotive polymer exchange membrane fuel cells.Quantifying the extent of carbon corrosion is essential for advancing the technology and implementing effective mitigation strategies.While studying degradation events directly within a real-world fuel cell vehicle offers the most reliable insights,the high costs and time demands make it necessary to develop specialised experimental techniques that provide high-resolution data more efficiently and cost-effectively.This review explores the various experimental approaches utilised in automotive application induced carbon corrosion studies globally,including load profiles,test setups,break-in procedures,and cell recovery protocols.In this paper,emphasis is placed on the standardised procedures proposed by leading institutions worldwide,accompanied by critical discussions on these protocols.Furthermore,the paper highlights modified or innovative procedures developed by smaller institutions,universities,and individual researchers,thereby offering a comprehensive overview essential for carbon corrosion analysis.The review also discusses the fundamental principles,benefits,and limitations of various procedures,offering guidance on selecting the most appropriate approach for a given study.Lastly,it addresses the limitations within the current body of literature and outlines potential future prospects.展开更多
Maintaining the integrity and longevity of structures is essential in many industries,such as aerospace,nuclear,and petroleum.To achieve the cost-effectiveness of large-scale systems in petroleum drilling,a strong emp...Maintaining the integrity and longevity of structures is essential in many industries,such as aerospace,nuclear,and petroleum.To achieve the cost-effectiveness of large-scale systems in petroleum drilling,a strong emphasis on structural durability and monitoring is required.This study focuses on the mechanical vibrations that occur in rotary drilling systems,which have a substantial impact on the structural integrity of drilling equipment.The study specifically investigates axial,torsional,and lateral vibrations,which might lead to negative consequences such as bit-bounce,chaotic whirling,and high-frequency stick-slip.These events not only hinder the efficiency of drilling but also lead to exhaustion and harm to the system’s components since they are difficult to be detected and controlled in real time.The study investigates the dynamic interactions of these vibrations,specifically in their high-frequency modes,usingfield data obtained from measurement while drilling.Thefindings have demonstrated the effect of strong coupling between the high-frequency modes of these vibrations on drilling sys-tem performance.The obtained results highlight the importance of considering the interconnected impacts of these vibrations when designing and implementing robust control systems.Therefore,integrating these compo-nents can increase the durability of drill bits and drill strings,as well as improve the ability to monitor and detect damage.Moreover,by exploiting thesefindings,the assessment of structural resilience in rotary drilling systems can be enhanced.Furthermore,the study demonstrates the capacity of structural health monitoring to improve the quality,dependability,and efficiency of rotary drilling systems in the petroleum industry.展开更多
Graphene and its derivatives are two-dimensional nanomaterials with exceptional physical and chemical properties.Research has shown that their addition can counter the inherent deficiencies of cementbased composites,i...Graphene and its derivatives are two-dimensional nanomaterials with exceptional physical and chemical properties.Research has shown that their addition can counter the inherent deficiencies of cementbased composites,including low tensile strength,poor toughness,and high susceptibility to cracking.However,because of its high specific surface area and the van der Waals force between layers,graphene is prone to agglomerate in the cement matrix which can make the properties worse.Hence,improving the graphene dispersion is essential.The surface structure and properties of graphene and its derivatives are first introduced,and the different methods for their dispersion in cement-based materials are reviewed.Their effects on the mechanical properties and durability of cement-based materials are then summarized.Based on these results,the microscopic and nanoscopic mechanisms of the way graphene and its derivatives affect cement-based materials are elaborated.Current problems and future trends in this research area are then considered.展开更多
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the building and construction sector, enabling enhanced design strategies for achieving durable and sustainable structures. Traditional methods of design and construction o...Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the building and construction sector, enabling enhanced design strategies for achieving durable and sustainable structures. Traditional methods of design and construction often struggle to adequately predict building longevity, optimize material use, and maintain sustainability throughout a building’s lifecycle. AI technologies, including machine learning, deep learning, and digital twins, present advanced capabilities to overcome these limitations by providing precise predictive analytics, real-time monitoring, and proactive maintenance solutions. This study explores the benefits of integrating AI into building design and construction processes, highlighting key advantages such as improved durability, optimized resource efficiency, and heightened alignment with sustainability goals. As part of this study, the durability aspects are assessed through a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis. In addition, a sustainability assessment is carried out, taking into account environmental, economic, and social factors, as well as alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Generally, AI-driven predictive models significantly enhance structural durability by forecasting material performance, corrosion risks, and building lifespans with high accuracy. Similarly, AI facilitates sustainable practices by optimizing energy consumption, integrating renewable energy systems efficiently, and significantly reducing carbon footprints. Despite these considerable benefits, implementing AI in the construction industry faces several challenges, including technological complexity, data management concerns, and industry readiness. Nonetheless, future directions emphasize continued development of user-friendly AI platforms, expanded industry collaboration, and rigorous exploration of AI’s transformative potential in sustainable and resilient architecture. Overall, AI is expected to redefine the built environment, delivering buildings that are durable and sustainably integrated within their ecological and social contexts.展开更多
Our study aims at developing compatible raw compositions of earth with building materials in the desert zones,for an adequate restoration.To arrive at our objective,we developed compositions of adobes in bases of the ...Our study aims at developing compatible raw compositions of earth with building materials in the desert zones,for an adequate restoration.To arrive at our objective,we developed compositions of adobes in bases of the local raw materials(red clay of Adrar,sand of dune,the black sand and the chopped straw).The results of the mineralogical characteristics(Rx),physical(density,the humidity and the grading analysis)used raw materials,showed successful and compatible characteristics with the building materials of the Saharan Ksour.The formulations are based on compositions witnesses as reference(1 Volume of clay+2 Volume of sand+water).The objective of this study,concerns the identification of the various mechanical characteristics(mechanical resistance in the flexion and in the compression),followed by an ultrasound study(mechanism of change in front of hydric behavior),of the compatible adobe with the local building materials.展开更多
Flexible energy storage devices have been paid much attention and adapts to apply in various fields.Benefiting from the active sites of boron(B)and phosphorus(P)doping materials,co-doped carbon materials are widely us...Flexible energy storage devices have been paid much attention and adapts to apply in various fields.Benefiting from the active sites of boron(B)and phosphorus(P)doping materials,co-doped carbon materials are widely used in energy storage devices for the enhanced electrochemical performance.Herein,B and P co-doped flexible carbon nanofibers with nitrogen-rich(B-P/NC)are investigated with electro-spinning for sodium-ion battery.The flexible of binderless B-P/NC with annealing of 600℃(B-P/NC-600)exhibits the remarkable performance for the robust capacity of 200 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g after 500 cycles and a durable reversible capacity of 160 m Ah/g even at 1 A/g after 12,000 cycles,exhibiting the equally commendable stability of flexible B-P/NC-600.In addition,B-P/NC-600 delivers the reversible capacity of265 m Ah/g with the test temperature of 60℃.More importantly,the flexible B-P/NC-600 is fabricated as anode for the whole battery,delivering the capacity of 90 m Ah/g at 1 A/g after 200 cycles.Meanwhile,theoretical calculation further verified that boron and phosphorus co-doping can improve the adsorption capacity of nitrogen carbon materials.The favorable performance of flexible B-P/NC-600 can be ascribed to the nitrogen-rich carbon nanofibers with three-dimensional network matrix for the more active site of boron and phosphorus co-doping.Our work paves the way for the improvement of flexible anodes and wide-operating temperature of sodium-ion batteries by doping approach of much heteroatom.展开更多
The performance of concrete can be affected by many factors,including the material composition,environmental conditions,and construction methods,and it is challenging to predict the performance evolution accurately.Th...The performance of concrete can be affected by many factors,including the material composition,environmental conditions,and construction methods,and it is challenging to predict the performance evolution accurately.The rise of artificial intelligence provides a way to meet the above challenges.This article elaborates on research overview of artificial neural network(ANN)and its prediction for concrete strength,deformation,and durability.The focus is on the comparative analysis of the prediction accuracy for different types of neural networks.Numerous studies have shown that the prediction accuracy of ANN can meet the standards of the practical engineering applications.To further improve the applicability of ANN in concrete,the model can consider the combination of multiple algorithms and the expansion of data samples.The review can provide new research ideas for development of concrete performance prediction.展开更多
In order to improve the damage resistance of concrete,a cement-based self-healing additive(abbreviate as CS)was prepared.To investigate the influence of CS on the self-healing performance of cementitious material,X-ra...In order to improve the damage resistance of concrete,a cement-based self-healing additive(abbreviate as CS)was prepared.To investigate the influence of CS on the self-healing performance of cementitious material,X-ray diffraction(XRD)and thermal analysis were used to investigate the effects of different dosages of CS on the hydration process and hydration products of cementitious material.Compressive strength test and load damage self-healing test were used to show the influence of different amounts of CS on the mechanical properties of concrete.The pore structure distribution of cement paste with different dosages of CS was analyzed using mercury intrusion testing method.The results indicated that different dosages of CS had no effect on the types of hydration products of cementitious material.Adding an appropriate amount of CS can effectively improve the micro pore structure of cement-based materials,reduce the proportion of harmful pores in the structure,and decrease the most probable pore diameter.When microcracks are generated in the structure under load,CS can promote the formation of hydration products inside the structure to fill the microcracks,thereby improving the self-healing performance of cement-based materials.This study provides an idea for improving microcracks and enhancing durability of marine concrete structures.展开更多
Biti’s is one of the largest footwear manufacturers in Vietnam.Made from homegrown high-quality natural rubber,Biti’s slippers are known for their slip-resistance,durability,lightness,and breathability.In addition t...Biti’s is one of the largest footwear manufacturers in Vietnam.Made from homegrown high-quality natural rubber,Biti’s slippers are known for their slip-resistance,durability,lightness,and breathability.In addition to practicality and comfort,the products come in diverse styles at affordable prices.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52273060)Science and Technology Research Project of the Educational Commission of Hubei Province(Grant No.D20221703)provide financial support.
文摘The antibacterial polyamide 6(PA6)material has attracted great research interest due to its wide ap-plication in food packaging,biomedical fields,functional textiles,and other fields.However,it is still a challenge to prepare intrinsically antibacterial PA6 with highly efficient and durably antibacterial activity via polymerization.Herein,the antibacterial imidazolium ionic liquid of 3-carboxymethyl-1-decyl imida-zole chloride was designed and synthesized for adapting the polymerization and processing temperature of PA6.Then antibacterial PA6(PA6-IL)was synthesized through hydrolyzed ring-opening copolymeriza-tion with imidazolium at the end of the backbones.Compared to physical blending or post-modification methods,antibacterial agents as end-capping reagents of polymer backbones endowed PA6 with intrin-sic antibacterial activity.As expected,the obtained PA6-IL exhibited not just comparable physicochemical and mechanical properties to conventional PA6 but excellent antibacterial activity of low antibacterial time to 60 min and durability for 28 days.Additionally,the corresponding electrospun PA6-IL nanofi-brous membranes showed homogenous morphology and remarkable hydrophilicity of 7.7° as well as the high-efficient antibacterial activity.Melt-spun PA6-IL microfibers revealed a smooth surface as well as enhanced tensile strength and increased breaking elongation compared to those of conventional PA6.The PA6-IL microfibers also behaved with excellent antibacterial efficiency and durability.Accordingly,this work provides a feasible and straightforward strategy to prepare durably and intrinsically antibacterial PA6 materials especially PA6 fibers,which can be widely applied in the textiles field.
文摘A new fertilizer of cocrystal type,known as durably efficacious ammonium bicarbonate(DEAB),has been developed by adding a certain amount of dicyandiamide(DCD)as an ammonia-stabilizing agent to ammonium bearbenate(AB)during the process of its production.As compared with AB,DEAB was found to have a reduction of direct volatilization loss by 53%,a fertilizer availability period prolonged from 35-45 to 90-110 d,and an increase in the rate of nitrogen in fertilizer being utilized by 5.9%-10.2%,and a saving of the amount of fertilizer to be ap-phed by 20%-30%for the same level of yield,or an increase of the crop yield by over 10%for the same level of ni-tregen fertilization;in addition,it was found to show usually a function of promoting the crop to early mature.It can be applied as basal dressing all in one time to soil and thus also used as a labour-saving and crop yield-increasing fertil-izer for is non-mtertillage,plastics film covering and water-saving agriculture.
基金Funded by the Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province(Nos.25JRRA497,23ZDFA017)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0950000)High-level Talent Funding of Kashi。
文摘This study introduces superabsorbent polymers(SAP)into recycled concrete and,through freeze-thaw cycle tests,unconfined compressive strength tests,and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)analysis,evaluates the freeze-thaw resistance and durability of recycled concrete samples under varying freeze-thaw cycles.The results indicate that an appropriate addition of SAP significantly enhances the freeze-thaw resistance of recycled concrete.After 200 freeze-thaw cycles,the RS0.6 sample retained good surface integrity,demonstrating the best performance.Compared to NAC,its mass loss decreased by 1.16%,the relative dynamic modulus improved by 7.01%,and the compressive strength loss rate decreased by 5.41%.Additionally,T2 spectrum analysis revealed that adding SAP optimized the pore structure of recycled concrete and mitigated pore development during freeze-thaw cycles.As the number of freeze-thaw cycles increased,the RS0.3 and RS0.6 samples demonstrated superior frost resistance compared to NAC.However,an excessive amount of SAP increased pore expansion during subsequent freeze-thaw cycles,ultimately weakening frost resistance.
基金Funded by the 111 Project(No.B17034)Open Project of Hubei Key Laboratory of Power System Design and Test for Electrical Vehicle(No.ZDSYS202212)+1 种基金Innovative Research Team Development Program of Ministry of Education of China(No.IRT_17R83)the Science and Technology Project of China Southern Power Grid Co.,Ltd.(No.GDKJXM20222546)。
文摘The development of Pt-free catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is a great issue for meeting the cost challenges of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)in commercial applications.In this work,a series of RuCo/C catalysts were synthesized by NaBH4 reduction method under the premise that the total metal mass percentage was 20%.X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)confirmed the formation of single-phase nanoparticles with an average size of 33 nm.Cyclic voltammograms(CV)and linear sweep voltammograms(LSV)tests indicated that RuCo(2:1)/C catalyst had the optimal ORR properties.Additionally,the RuCo(2:1)/C catalyst remarkably sustained 98.1% of its activity even after 3000 cycles,surpassing the performance of Pt/C(84.8%).Analysis of the elemental state of the catalyst surface after cycling using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)revealed that the Ru^(0) percentage of RuCo(2:1)/C decreased by 2.2%(from 66.3% to 64.1%),while the Pt^(0) percentage of Pt/C decreased by 7.1%(from 53.3% to 46.2%).It is suggested that the synergy between Ru and Co holds the potential to pave the way for future low-cost and highly stable ORR catalysts,offering significant promise in the context of PEMFCs.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52178216)the Research on the Durability and Application of High-performance Concrete for Highway Engineering in the Cold and Arid Salt Areas of Northwest China(No.2022-24)the Construction Project of the Scientific Research Platform of Provincial Enterprises Supported by the Capital Operating Budget of Gansu Province(No.2023GZ018)。
文摘To study the durability of concrete in harsh environments in Northwest China,concrete was prepared with various durability-improving materials such as concrete anti-erosion inhibitor(SBT-TIA),acrylate polymer(AP),super absorbent resin(SAP).The erosion mode and internal deterioration mechanism under salt freeze-thaw cycle and dry-wet cycle were explored.The results show that the addition of enhancing materials can effectively improve the resistance of concrete to salt freezing and sulfate erosion:the relevant indexes of concrete added with X-AP and T-AP are improved after salt freeze-thaw cycles;concrete added with SBTTIA shows optimal sulfate corrosion resistance;and concrete added with AP displays the best resistance to salt freezing.Microanalysis shows that the increase in the number of cycles decreases the generation of internal hydration products and defects in concrete mixed with enhancing materials and improves the related indexes.Based on the Wiener model analysis,the reliability of concrete with different lithologies and enhancing materials is improved,which may provide a reference for the application of manufactured sand concrete and enhancing materials in Northwest China,especially for the study of the improvement effects and mechanism of enhancing materials on the performance of concrete.
基金the financial support provided by UMS Great(GUG0670-1/2024),which played a crucial role in the completion of this studyAdditionally,we would like to express our sincere appreciation for the financial assistance and scholarships generously offered by the University of Malaysia Sabah(UMS)throughout the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia(KPT)throughout the research period.These contributions were invaluable in facilitating our research endeavors.
文摘The growing demand for renewable energy has increased the use of wood pellets as a clean and efficient biomass fuel.This study aims to evaluate the physical properties of wood pellets produced from Acacia hybrid(AC)veneer waste and Pine wood(PW)waste mixed with varying ratios.The objectives are to investigate the effect of different blend ratios ofAcacia hybrid veneer waste and pine wood waste on the physical properties,specificallymoisture content,density,and pellet durability index(PDI)of wood pellets,and to identify the optimal ratio that yields the most desirable pellet quality.The wood pellets were produced by blending Acacia hybrid veneer waste and Pine wood waste(AC:PW)in weight ratios of 100:0,75:25,50:50,25:75,and 0:100.The materials were dried to 10%–12%moisture before pelletizing using a pellet mill under consistent pressure and temperature.Moisture content(MC),density(ρ)and pellet durability index(PDI)were measured following the International Organization for Standardization(ISO).The study found that blending Acacia hybrid veneer waste with Pine wood waste significantly improved pellet density and durability compared to the control.The moisture was lowest in pellets with 50:50 and 25:75 blends,indicating better drying and stability.The blend 50:50 achieves the highest density,and for pellet durability index,the best blend is 25:75,suggesting improved resistance to breakage.Overall,the 50:50 and 25:75 ratios produced pellet with the most desirable combination of low moisture,high density,high durability and the blend meets key ISO 17225 and ENplus quality standards for industrial wood pellet.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52370174)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China (No.ZR2022ME128)Special Projects in Key Areas of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province (No.2023ZDZX4050)。
文摘The excessive use of pesticides has exacerbated environmental pollution due to herbicide residues,while their persistent toxicity poses serious challenges to global ecological security.A magnetically recyclable CoFe_(2)O_(4)/BiOBr S-scheme heterojunctions was prepared by microwave-assisted co-precipitation method for photocatalytic degradation of Diuron(DUR) in water.The formation of S-scheme heterojunction enhances electron transfer and charge separation,which was demonstrated by free radical trapping,electrochemical experiments,and DFT calculations.The magnetic CoFe_(2)O_(4)/BiOBr catalysts can achieve 99.9 %removal of diuron in 50 min under visible light irradiation.Furthermore,the system maintains stable performance across a broad p H range(3-9),enabling adaptation to diverse water environments,effective elimination of multiple pollutants,and strong resistance to ionic interference.Using magnetic recovery,CoFe_(2)O_(4)/BiOBr exhibits a high removal rate of 99 % and a markedly low ion leaching rate(<20 μg/L) after six cycles photocatalytic process,confirming its excellent stability and durability.According to HPLCQTOF-MS and DFT calculation,the main ways of DUR degradation include dechlorinated hydroxylation,dealkylation and hydroxylation of aromatic ring and side chain.Toxicity analysis showed that the toxicity of the intermediates generated during degradation was generally lower than that of DUR.The magnetic CoFe_(2)O_(4)/BiOBr S-scheme heterojunction developed in this study exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance,high applicability,good stability,and durability,providing an effective magnetic for the removal of refractory pollutants.
文摘Polymer nanocomposite coatings(PNCCs)are unprecedented generation of coatings engineered for displaying inexpensive and brilliant functional surface coatings with eminent corrosion guard,mechanical resistance,antimicrobial,chemical durability,electrical insulation,and UV aging features.Due to their widely anticipation in petroleum,applications in building,conveyance,aerospace,electronics,automobiles and energy,these multi-functional coatings have a tremendous leverage in human life,all technological and scientific subjects.Numerous applications have been made for multilateral polymers like polyurethane(PU),epoxy(EP),polyaniline(PANI)conductive polymer,polypyrrole(PPy),and etc,on various metallic surfaces especially,carbon steel substrate owing to their excellent resistance properties.Practically,nanomaterials can possess potential in the all-interdisciplinary domains of materials science and engineering,chemical and physical sciences,biological and health sciences.As known,the designed polymer nanocomposite coating paradigm is fundamentally constituted from polymer or resin as a vehicle and inorganic nanofillers(nanoparticles and nanocomposites).Some commercialized and excessively employed nanocontainers in polymer nanocomposite coating formulations,like ZnO,TiO_(2),carbon nanotubes(CNTs),clay,SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),graphene,GO,CeO_(2),ZrO_(2),FeTiO_(3),etc were discussed.The current review covered the chemistry and potential applications of the largest utilized multifunctional polymer nanocomposite coatings such as EP,PU and other considerable PNCCs.Lately,a titanic attention was made for epoxy nanocomposites because of their distinct physicochemical characteristics,which result from the combined qualities of the nanoparticles and polymer material unity.In addition,the author incorporated some of his scientific contributions in this area represented in construction of innovative functional polymer nanocomposites for a variety of uses with high economic,industrial impacts and future orientation.Furthermore,some newly published applications of polymer nanocomposite coatings were incorporated and discussed.
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LR23C160001)Scientific Research Startup Foundation of Zhejiang Ocean University(No.11034150220006).
文摘The utilization of solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology is highly important in addressing the energy crisis and water scarcity,primarily because of its affordability and minimal energy usage.Enhancing the performance of solar energy evaporation and minimizing material degradation during application can be achieved through the design of novel photothermal materials.In solar interfacial evaporation,photothermal materials exhibit a wide range of additional characteristics,but a systematic overview is lacking.This paper encompasses an examination of various categories and principles pertaining to photothermal materials,as well as the structural design considerations for salt-resistant materials.Additionally,we discuss the versatile uses of this appealing technology in different sectors related to energy and the environment.Furthermore,potential solutions to enhance the durability of photothermal materials are also highlighted,such as the rational design of micro/nano-structures,the use of adhesives,the addition of anti-corrosion coatings,and the preparation of self-healing surfaces.The objective of this review is to offer a viable resolution for the logical creation of high-performance photothermal substances,presenting a guide for the forthcoming advancement of solar evaporation technology.
基金Funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2022YFC3803405)the China State Construction Key Laboratory Project (No. ZJXJ-PT-2022-14)。
文摘This study investigates the use of a low-carbon soil stabilizer called SDG,which is made up of granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS),desulfurization gypsum (DG),and calcium carbide slag (CCS),to solidify the soil.The impact of SDG components on the strength and durability of solidified soil was analysed through a series of tests,including unconfined compressive strength,water stability coefficient,water absorption rate,drying-wetting cycles,and shrinkage tests.Furthermore,microstructure characteristics were analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The study shows that the solidified soil has excellent strength and durability when the SDG stabilizer contains 60% GGBGS,10% DG,and 30% CCS.Additionally,increasing the DG content negatively affects the soil's resistance to water.The SDG stabilizer has potential chemical cementitious characteristics and the calcium carbide slag is rich in calcium ions,which undergo an ion exchange reaction with minerals in the soil.These findings offer new ideas for the development of soil stabilizers.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12175089 and 12205127)the Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province,China(Nos.202301AU070064 and 202103AF140006)the Yunnan Industrial Innovative Talents Program for“Xingdian Talent Support Plan”,China(No.KKXY202252001).
文摘Nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanohorns(N-SWCNHs)can serve as an effective carrier for platinum(Pt)catalysts,which has the potential to improve the electrocatalytic activity of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and the operation life of the catalyst.In this work,dahlia-like SWCNHs with N contents ranging from 2.1at%to 4.3at%are controllably synthesized via arc discharge and applied as a carrier of Pt nanoparticles(NPs),denoted as Pt/N-SWCNHs.Pt/N-SWCNHs-2:1(graphite and melamine with the mass ratio of 2:1)exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity(onset potential=0.95 V).The half-wave potential of Pt/N-SWCNHs-2:1 is only reduced by 2 mV after 3000 cyclic voltammetry cycles.This can be attributed to the enhanced dispersion of Pt NPs and the strong electronic interaction between the N-SWCNHs and Pt,facilitated by the optimal nitrogen doping level.The results of this work offer important perspectives on the design and enhancement of Pt-based electrocatalysts for ORR applications,highlighting the critical role of the nitrogen doping level in balancing the electrocatalytic activity and long-term stability.
文摘This paper provides a comprehensive review of various experimental methods used to study carbon corrosion in automotive polymer exchange membrane fuel cells.Quantifying the extent of carbon corrosion is essential for advancing the technology and implementing effective mitigation strategies.While studying degradation events directly within a real-world fuel cell vehicle offers the most reliable insights,the high costs and time demands make it necessary to develop specialised experimental techniques that provide high-resolution data more efficiently and cost-effectively.This review explores the various experimental approaches utilised in automotive application induced carbon corrosion studies globally,including load profiles,test setups,break-in procedures,and cell recovery protocols.In this paper,emphasis is placed on the standardised procedures proposed by leading institutions worldwide,accompanied by critical discussions on these protocols.Furthermore,the paper highlights modified or innovative procedures developed by smaller institutions,universities,and individual researchers,thereby offering a comprehensive overview essential for carbon corrosion analysis.The review also discusses the fundamental principles,benefits,and limitations of various procedures,offering guidance on selecting the most appropriate approach for a given study.Lastly,it addresses the limitations within the current body of literature and outlines potential future prospects.
文摘Maintaining the integrity and longevity of structures is essential in many industries,such as aerospace,nuclear,and petroleum.To achieve the cost-effectiveness of large-scale systems in petroleum drilling,a strong emphasis on structural durability and monitoring is required.This study focuses on the mechanical vibrations that occur in rotary drilling systems,which have a substantial impact on the structural integrity of drilling equipment.The study specifically investigates axial,torsional,and lateral vibrations,which might lead to negative consequences such as bit-bounce,chaotic whirling,and high-frequency stick-slip.These events not only hinder the efficiency of drilling but also lead to exhaustion and harm to the system’s components since they are difficult to be detected and controlled in real time.The study investigates the dynamic interactions of these vibrations,specifically in their high-frequency modes,usingfield data obtained from measurement while drilling.Thefindings have demonstrated the effect of strong coupling between the high-frequency modes of these vibrations on drilling sys-tem performance.The obtained results highlight the importance of considering the interconnected impacts of these vibrations when designing and implementing robust control systems.Therefore,integrating these compo-nents can increase the durability of drill bits and drill strings,as well as improve the ability to monitor and detect damage.Moreover,by exploiting thesefindings,the assessment of structural resilience in rotary drilling systems can be enhanced.Furthermore,the study demonstrates the capacity of structural health monitoring to improve the quality,dependability,and efficiency of rotary drilling systems in the petroleum industry.
文摘Graphene and its derivatives are two-dimensional nanomaterials with exceptional physical and chemical properties.Research has shown that their addition can counter the inherent deficiencies of cementbased composites,including low tensile strength,poor toughness,and high susceptibility to cracking.However,because of its high specific surface area and the van der Waals force between layers,graphene is prone to agglomerate in the cement matrix which can make the properties worse.Hence,improving the graphene dispersion is essential.The surface structure and properties of graphene and its derivatives are first introduced,and the different methods for their dispersion in cement-based materials are reviewed.Their effects on the mechanical properties and durability of cement-based materials are then summarized.Based on these results,the microscopic and nanoscopic mechanisms of the way graphene and its derivatives affect cement-based materials are elaborated.Current problems and future trends in this research area are then considered.
文摘Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the building and construction sector, enabling enhanced design strategies for achieving durable and sustainable structures. Traditional methods of design and construction often struggle to adequately predict building longevity, optimize material use, and maintain sustainability throughout a building’s lifecycle. AI technologies, including machine learning, deep learning, and digital twins, present advanced capabilities to overcome these limitations by providing precise predictive analytics, real-time monitoring, and proactive maintenance solutions. This study explores the benefits of integrating AI into building design and construction processes, highlighting key advantages such as improved durability, optimized resource efficiency, and heightened alignment with sustainability goals. As part of this study, the durability aspects are assessed through a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis. In addition, a sustainability assessment is carried out, taking into account environmental, economic, and social factors, as well as alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Generally, AI-driven predictive models significantly enhance structural durability by forecasting material performance, corrosion risks, and building lifespans with high accuracy. Similarly, AI facilitates sustainable practices by optimizing energy consumption, integrating renewable energy systems efficiently, and significantly reducing carbon footprints. Despite these considerable benefits, implementing AI in the construction industry faces several challenges, including technological complexity, data management concerns, and industry readiness. Nonetheless, future directions emphasize continued development of user-friendly AI platforms, expanded industry collaboration, and rigorous exploration of AI’s transformative potential in sustainable and resilient architecture. Overall, AI is expected to redefine the built environment, delivering buildings that are durable and sustainably integrated within their ecological and social contexts.
文摘Our study aims at developing compatible raw compositions of earth with building materials in the desert zones,for an adequate restoration.To arrive at our objective,we developed compositions of adobes in bases of the local raw materials(red clay of Adrar,sand of dune,the black sand and the chopped straw).The results of the mineralogical characteristics(Rx),physical(density,the humidity and the grading analysis)used raw materials,showed successful and compatible characteristics with the building materials of the Saharan Ksour.The formulations are based on compositions witnesses as reference(1 Volume of clay+2 Volume of sand+water).The objective of this study,concerns the identification of the various mechanical characteristics(mechanical resistance in the flexion and in the compression),followed by an ultrasound study(mechanism of change in front of hydric behavior),of the compatible adobe with the local building materials.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(No.6230031623)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2024JJ5127)+2 种基金the Education Department of Hunan Province(No.22B0580)the Scientific Research and Innovation Foundation of Hunan University of Technology(No.CX2317)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project for College Students(No.S202311535061)。
文摘Flexible energy storage devices have been paid much attention and adapts to apply in various fields.Benefiting from the active sites of boron(B)and phosphorus(P)doping materials,co-doped carbon materials are widely used in energy storage devices for the enhanced electrochemical performance.Herein,B and P co-doped flexible carbon nanofibers with nitrogen-rich(B-P/NC)are investigated with electro-spinning for sodium-ion battery.The flexible of binderless B-P/NC with annealing of 600℃(B-P/NC-600)exhibits the remarkable performance for the robust capacity of 200 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g after 500 cycles and a durable reversible capacity of 160 m Ah/g even at 1 A/g after 12,000 cycles,exhibiting the equally commendable stability of flexible B-P/NC-600.In addition,B-P/NC-600 delivers the reversible capacity of265 m Ah/g with the test temperature of 60℃.More importantly,the flexible B-P/NC-600 is fabricated as anode for the whole battery,delivering the capacity of 90 m Ah/g at 1 A/g after 200 cycles.Meanwhile,theoretical calculation further verified that boron and phosphorus co-doping can improve the adsorption capacity of nitrogen carbon materials.The favorable performance of flexible B-P/NC-600 can be ascribed to the nitrogen-rich carbon nanofibers with three-dimensional network matrix for the more active site of boron and phosphorus co-doping.Our work paves the way for the improvement of flexible anodes and wide-operating temperature of sodium-ion batteries by doping approach of much heteroatom.
基金funded by the Ningbo Construction Research Project(Nos.2024-23,2024-20)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52478281)the Ningbo Public Welfare Science and Technology Project(No.2024S077).
文摘The performance of concrete can be affected by many factors,including the material composition,environmental conditions,and construction methods,and it is challenging to predict the performance evolution accurately.The rise of artificial intelligence provides a way to meet the above challenges.This article elaborates on research overview of artificial neural network(ANN)and its prediction for concrete strength,deformation,and durability.The focus is on the comparative analysis of the prediction accuracy for different types of neural networks.Numerous studies have shown that the prediction accuracy of ANN can meet the standards of the practical engineering applications.To further improve the applicability of ANN in concrete,the model can consider the combination of multiple algorithms and the expansion of data samples.The review can provide new research ideas for development of concrete performance prediction.
基金supported by China Academy of Railway Sciences grant number[No.2023YJ078].
文摘In order to improve the damage resistance of concrete,a cement-based self-healing additive(abbreviate as CS)was prepared.To investigate the influence of CS on the self-healing performance of cementitious material,X-ray diffraction(XRD)and thermal analysis were used to investigate the effects of different dosages of CS on the hydration process and hydration products of cementitious material.Compressive strength test and load damage self-healing test were used to show the influence of different amounts of CS on the mechanical properties of concrete.The pore structure distribution of cement paste with different dosages of CS was analyzed using mercury intrusion testing method.The results indicated that different dosages of CS had no effect on the types of hydration products of cementitious material.Adding an appropriate amount of CS can effectively improve the micro pore structure of cement-based materials,reduce the proportion of harmful pores in the structure,and decrease the most probable pore diameter.When microcracks are generated in the structure under load,CS can promote the formation of hydration products inside the structure to fill the microcracks,thereby improving the self-healing performance of cement-based materials.This study provides an idea for improving microcracks and enhancing durability of marine concrete structures.
文摘Biti’s is one of the largest footwear manufacturers in Vietnam.Made from homegrown high-quality natural rubber,Biti’s slippers are known for their slip-resistance,durability,lightness,and breathability.In addition to practicality and comfort,the products come in diverse styles at affordable prices.
