As the largest desert in China,the Taklimakan Desert features unique mobility and alternating mega-dune and inter-dune landscapes with rich dune types.Most areas of the sand sea were explored in the early 20th century...As the largest desert in China,the Taklimakan Desert features unique mobility and alternating mega-dune and inter-dune landscapes with rich dune types.Most areas of the sand sea were explored in the early 20th century.However,the eastern Taklimakan Desert characterized by extremely tall dunes,had received little attention until 2022 owing to transportation inconveniences.This study examined the alternating mega-dune and inter-dune landscapes in the eastern Taklimakan Desert,through spatial analysis and field surveys.Results demonstrate that the tallest mega-dunes are distributed primarily to the east of the central desert,with the occurrence of approximately 240 mega-dunes exceeding 150 m in height.The height-spacing relationship of mega-dunes with different orders exhibits a weak correlation,suggesting that the dune formation and evolution are more complex than previously documented;this could be attributed to the factors other than solely the wind regime.Additionally,from the field survey,we found that sand availability is the dominant factor for constraining the sustained growth of mega-dunes.A pattern coarsening may be responsible for the development of the dune fields in the eastern Taklimakan Desert,thus yielding constraints on the development of mega-dunes,and other dune fields on Earth as well.展开更多
In desert areas in Hexi region,11 barchan dunes,6 chains of barchan dunes,6 pyramid dunes,6 parabolic dunes and 6 accumulated sand-belts were chosen to study their movement speed based on images obtained by Google Ear...In desert areas in Hexi region,11 barchan dunes,6 chains of barchan dunes,6 pyramid dunes,6 parabolic dunes and 6 accumulated sand-belts were chosen to study their movement speed based on images obtained by Google Earth in various periods.The results show that among the dunes,the movement of the barchan dunes was the fastest,followed by the chains of barchan dunes,and only the tops of the pyramid dunes swayed,while the parabolic dunes and accumulated sand-belts hardly moved forward.The higher the barchan dunes(or the chains of barchan dunes) were,the slower the movement was.On the contrary,the higher the pyramid dunes were,the faster the swing was.There was a positive correlation between the movement speed of the barchan dunes and the average wind speed of sandstorms.展开更多
Texture analysis methods offer substantial advantages and potential in examining macro-topographic features of dunes.Despite these advantages,comprehensive approaches that integrate digital elevation model(DEM)with qu...Texture analysis methods offer substantial advantages and potential in examining macro-topographic features of dunes.Despite these advantages,comprehensive approaches that integrate digital elevation model(DEM)with quantitative texture features have not been fully developed.This study introduced an automatic classification framework for dunes that combines texture and topographic features and validated it through a typical coastal aeolian landform,namely,dunes in the Namib Desert.A three-stage approach was outlined:(1)segmentation of dune units was conducted using digital terrain analysis;(2)six texture features(angular second moment,contrast,correlation,variance,entropy,and inverse difference moment)were extracted from the gray-level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM)and subsequently quantified;and(3)texture–topographic indices were integrated into the random forest(RF)model for classification.The results show that the RF model fused with texture features can accurately identify dune morphological characteristics;through accuracy evaluation and remote sensing image verification,the overall accuracy reaches 78.0%(kappa coefficient=0.72),outperforming traditional spectral-based methods.In addition,spatial analysis reveals that coastal dunes exhibit complex texture patterns,with texture homogeneity being closely linked to dune-type transitions.Specifically,homogeneous textures correspond to simple and stable forms such as barchans,while heterogeneous textures are associated with complex or composite dunes.The complexity,periodicity,and directionality of texture features are highly consistent with the spatial distribution of dunes.Validation using high-resolution remote sensing imagery(Sentinel-2)further confirms that the method effectively clusters similar dunes and distinguishes different dune types.Additionally,the dune classification results have a good correspondence with changes in near-surface wind regimes.Overall,the findings suggest that texture features derived from DEM can accurately capture the dynamic characteristics of dune morphology,offering a novel approach for automatic dune classification.Compared with traditional methods,the developed approach facilitates large-scale and high-precision dune mapping while reducing the workload of manual interpretation,thus advancing research on aeolian geomorphology.展开更多
Understanding the characteristics of soil seed banks in sand dunes is crucial to stabilize the dune systems and maintain the plant populations in deserts. In this study, we conducted a survey investigation in the fiel...Understanding the characteristics of soil seed banks in sand dunes is crucial to stabilize the dune systems and maintain the plant populations in deserts. In this study, we conducted a survey investigation in the field and a seed germination experiment in the laboratory to explore the characteristics of soil seed banks at various geomorphic positions of longitudinal sand dunes in the Gurbantunggut Desert, China. Totally, 17 plant species belonging to 17 genera and 9 families were identified in soil seed banks, and 35 plant species belonging to 34 genera and 17 families were identified in aboveground vegetation. Plant species richness in soil seed banks decreased with increasing soil depth. The highest species richness was presented in the upper slope of the windward slope and the lowest species richness was presented in the base of the windward slope. There was no significant difference in seed density of soil seed banks among the examined seven geomorphic positions. The highest seed density occurred in the lower slope of the leeward slope while the lowest occurred in the crest. Moreover, seed density decreased with increasing soil depth, being the highest in the upper soil layer （0-2 cm）. For both soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation, there was no significant difference in Simpson＇s diversity index among the seven geomorphic positions; however, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou＇s evenness index showed significant differences among the seven geomorphic positions. Those results showed that although there was no significant difference in seed density of soil seed banks among the seven geomorphic positions, the geomorphic positions significantly affected the species richness, diversity and distribution of soil seed banks. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of soil seed banks at different geomorphic positions of sand dunes is essential to vegetation restoration or reestablishment. Furthermore, the Jaccard＇s similarity coefficients of plant species between soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation at the seven geomorphic positions were low, suggesting that vegetation restoration or reestablishment processes should be promoted through adding seeds to surface layers.展开更多
The Crescent Moon Spring is a precious natural heritage. However, the dynamic characteristics of megadunes around the Crescent Moon Spring are not well known. This paper quantitatively studied the character- istics an...The Crescent Moon Spring is a precious natural heritage. However, the dynamic characteristics of megadunes around the Crescent Moon Spring are not well known. This paper quantitatively studied the character- istics and changes of megadunes around the Crescent Moon Spring by interpreting aerial photographs taken in 1985 and 2004 and analysing the dune crestlines and the wind data collected from 2011 to 2012. Results revealed that pyramid dunes were formed by a complex wind regime. The Crescent Moon Spring was not buried by shifting sands because of the stable wind regime and relative stability of pyramid dunes. The crestlines of the dunes around the spring moved northward between 1985 and 2004. The south-facing slip faces were also exposed to wind ero- sion, whereas the other faces were under deposition, thus indicating that the southerly wind was relatively en- hanced. Limiting the scale of tall windbreaks and architectures in the Dunhuang oasis at the north of the spring was necessary to maintain the dynamic equilibrium of the wind regime and sand transport.展开更多
Taibus County, Inner Mongolia, China, lies in a farming-pastoral ecotone, where severe wind erosion and various aeolian sand hazards are prevalent and fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes occur frequently. This study was c...Taibus County, Inner Mongolia, China, lies in a farming-pastoral ecotone, where severe wind erosion and various aeolian sand hazards are prevalent and fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes occur frequently. This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between sand transportation rate and wind speed for the fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes based on field measurements. The annual quantity of soil erosion by wind was estimated using meteorological wind data. The results indicated that the sand transportation rate in Taibus County in 2000 was 57.38 kg cm-1 year-1 for the semi-fixed dunes and 4.56 kg cm-1 year-1 for the fixed dunes. The total duration of erosive winds covered 12.5% of the time of the year, and spring posed the highest potential of sand transportation. Wind with low speed (≤ 17 m s-1) and high frequency plays a dominant role in sand transportation, while strong wind (≥ 17 m s-1) with low frequency significantly enhanced the sand transportation. Erosive wind speed, directions, and frequency were three crucial dynamic factors influencing sand hazards in the farming-pastoral ecotone. The dominant factors intensifying sand and dust storms in Taibus County might be related to the favorable wind condition in combination with the durable drought, which led to land desertification and vegetation degradation.展开更多
Sediment constitutes the fundamental basis for forming and evolving aeolian geomorphology.The characteristics of sediment particle size offer insights into the development and evolution of sandy terrain,making their s...Sediment constitutes the fundamental basis for forming and evolving aeolian geomorphology.The characteristics of sediment particle size offer insights into the development and evolution of sandy terrain,making their study critical to understanding aeolian geomorphology and sand control.In this study,we combined high-density collection of surface sediments in the Uzhumqin sand dunes and GIS spatial analysis to analyze the particle size parameters and changes in the spatial distribution of surface sediments in this region.In addition,we used an end-member analysis to identify the potential sources of the sediments.The results showed that surface sediments in the Uzhumqin sand dunes had distinct spatial distributions.Medium and coarse grain sands dominated the sediments in the dunes,and the mean grain size and the sorting coefficient generally increased along the prevailing wind direction,with high values in individual areas related to factors such as material sources and vegetation cover.Skewness was strongly influenced by factors such as landform change and human activity,and spatial variability became more complex.Kurtosis and the soil fractal dimension showed generally decreasing trends along the prevailing wind direction.With dune fixation,the contents of clay and powder particles in the soil increased;the mean particle size,the sorting coefficient,and the fractal dimension of the soil gradually increased,and the skewness and kurtosis gradually decreased.The end-member analysis results indicated the existence of five end-members(EM)in the dune sediments.EM 1 was a mixed component of wind-deposited fine sands and nearby fluvial sediments.EM 2 was the main component of sediments in the study area and was the result of sorting lake sediments by wind action and by the local topography.EM 3 may be a product of river flood deposition.EM 4 and EM 5 had coarser grain sizes.EM 4 was a lake-phase sediment product influenced by topographic and vegetation cover factors,and EM 5 was primarily a river and lake sediment product modified by weathering.The sediment particle size results from the study area indicate that the sediment in the sandy region is generally coarse due to multiple factors,including topography,climate,hydrology,and human activity.Sandy material in the study area originated from nearby,with very little sand being transported from long distances.展开更多
A new type of microstructure inspired by the cross section of barchan dunes was proposed to reduce windage,which was considered as a passive drag reduction technology in aerospace manufacturing field.Computational flu...A new type of microstructure inspired by the cross section of barchan dunes was proposed to reduce windage,which was considered as a passive drag reduction technology in aerospace manufacturing field.Computational fluid dynamics method was carried out to discuss the effect of the microstructure on the skin friction reduction under high velocity flow condition.Different microstructure heights were employed to survey the reduction of drag.The results illustrated that the appearance of microstructure led to a generation of pressure drag in non-smooth model(with microstructures inspired by cross section of barchan dune)in contrast to smooth model.However,the microstructure significantly increased the thickness of the low-speed fluid by 11.4%in the near-wall flow field,causing the low-speed fluid to rise and decreasing the velocity gradient near the wall,thereby reducing viscous resistance.In addition,high-speed fluid flowed above the microstructure units instead of along the inner side of the units due to the influence of micro-vortex,resulting in a reduction of friction near the surface.Further-more,micro-vortex was considered to be the significant internal factor to achieve turbulent drag reduction since it could not only reduce the viscous resistance by promoting the fluid flow above the microstructure but also pro-vide a reverse thrust force.The understanding of the mechanism of drag reduction provides theoretical guidance for further fabrication of drag reduction coatings using renewable materials.展开更多
For the enhancement of heat transfer efficiency,a novel turbulator inspired by the morphology of barchan dunes,called the mimetic barchan dune(MBD)turbulator,is designed and evaluated in the simplified gas turbine tra...For the enhancement of heat transfer efficiency,a novel turbulator inspired by the morphology of barchan dunes,called the mimetic barchan dune(MBD)turbulator,is designed and evaluated in the simplified gas turbine transition section.By using computational fluid dynamics(CFD),the numerical simulations for comparison have been carried out,concluding the smooth thermal surface,a thermal surface with riblet-shaped turbulator and a thermal surface with MBD turbulator.Then,two indicators are investigated for evaluating the coolant performance which are the heat transfer efficiency(η)on the outlet and the pressure loss(ΔP)in the coolant chamber.The numerical results show that the coolant has the best heat transfer efficiency with less pressure loss in the coolant chamber with the MBD turbulator.Then,the effect of the MBD turbulator sizes on heat transfer efficiency is investigated.When the height of the MBD turbulator(h)is set at 8 mm,the maximum amount of heat that could be transfered by the coolant is up to566.2 K and the corresponding heat transfer efficiency is 26.62%.The detail flows have been shown to elucidate the function of the MBD surface which may greatly arouse more design for solving harsh circumstance.展开更多
Evaluation of 450 surface sterilized tissue segments of a seasonal wild legume, Sesbania bispinosa （Jacq.）, of coastal sand dunes and mangroves of southwest India yielded 546 isolates comprising 39 endophytic fungi ...Evaluation of 450 surface sterilized tissue segments of a seasonal wild legume, Sesbania bispinosa （Jacq.）, of coastal sand dunes and mangroves of southwest India yielded 546 isolates comprising 39 endophytic fungi with six dominant taxa （Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium tenuissimum, Fusarium moniliforme, Penicillium chrysogenum and morpho sp. 1）. A consortium of saprophytic, pathogenic and toxigenic fungi exists as endophytes in S. bispinosa. Number of segments colonized, number of isolates obtained, species richness and diversity were higher in S. bispinosa in mangroves compared to coastal sand dunes. Seeds yielded more fungal isolates, but species richness and diversity were low. In spite of low fungal colonization in root segments, the diversity was high. Up to 30-40 % endophytic fungi of S. bispinosa differed between coastal sand dunes and mangroves revealing partial host- and habitat-specificity. As S. bispi- nosa is extensively used as green manure and forage in southwest India, further studies especially on the bioactive compounds of its endophytic fungi might broaden its range of uses. In addition to conventional morphologicaltechniques, molecular tools would provide precise insight on the endophytic fungi of coastal sand dunes and mangroves.展开更多
About half of the arid and semi-arid lands in the world are deserts thatcomprise various types of aeolian sand dunes deposits. In Shaanxi Province, aeolian sand dunes coverconsiderable areas of the Yulin desert and no...About half of the arid and semi-arid lands in the world are deserts thatcomprise various types of aeolian sand dunes deposits. In Shaanxi Province, aeolian sand dunes coverconsiderable areas of the Yulin desert and northern Jinbian. Sand dunes are moving in the main winddirection and converting some agricultural area to wasteland. Remote sensing of sand dunes helps inthe understanding of aeolian process and desertification. Remote sensing data combined with fieldstudies are valuable in studying sand dunes, regional aeolian depositional history. In particular,active and inactive sand dunes of the north Shaanxi Province were studied using remote sensing andgeographic information system. In this study, we describe the Landsat thematic mapper (TM) images,covering north Shaanxi Province, which were used to study the distribution, shape, size, trends,density and movement of sand dunes and their effect on desertification of cultivated lands.Estimation was made depending on soil erodibility factor (Ⅰ) and local climatic factor (C) duringthe period (June to September). The result indicates that soil erosion caused sand drift of 8.957 5,7. 03 ton for Yulin and Jinbian, respectively. The mean sand dunes movement rate were 4.37, 3.11 m,whereas, monthly sand dune advance rate were 1. 092 5, 0. 777 5m, for the two locations,respectively. The study reveals that cultivated lands extended obliquely to the direction of sanddune movement are extremely affected, while other segments that extend parallel to the direction ofthe movement are not affected. Accordingly the north Shaanxi Province was divided into areas ofdifferent classes of potential risk. Moreover, blown sands and sand movement from neighboringhighlands also affect the area of western desert.展开更多
Secondary flow plays an important role in the development of dunes. To investigate this phenomenon, we simulated models of transverse dunes with different stoss slopes in a wind tunnel. We measured the threshold wind ...Secondary flow plays an important role in the development of dunes. To investigate this phenomenon, we simulated models of transverse dunes with different stoss slopes in a wind tunnel. We measured the threshold wind velocity at different locations in the lee of the dunes, and observed the corresponding particle movement characteristics under threshold conditions to assess the sedi-mentological significance of secondary airflow. Threshold wind velocity changed with both horizontal distance and stoss slope. Its variation with horizontal distance is characterized by a region in which a rapid reduction occurs, a region with a minimum value, and a region with high value. We confirmed the presence of reversal cells, irrespective of the stoss slope. Neither the variation in threshold wind velocity nor the variation in reattachment distance as a function of stoss slope followed a monotonic function. The 15° stoss slope had the greatest threshold wind velocity and reattachment distance.展开更多
Rivers in deserts present unique geographical features owing to aeolian-fluvial interactions.In this study,510 surface sediment samples were gathered from eight watersheds to systematically examine the major element c...Rivers in deserts present unique geographical features owing to aeolian-fluvial interactions.In this study,510 surface sediment samples were gathered from eight watersheds to systematically examine the major element characteristics of riparian sand dunes in northern China deserts.The findings revealed that these dunes could be categorized into three primary zones:Type I,comprising Keriya,Tora,Heihe,and Langqu rivers in the west;TypeⅡ,featuring the Maquan River in the Tibetan Plateau;and TypeⅢ,including Mu Bulag,Kuye,and Xar Moron rivers in the east.Specifically,the TypeⅢregion is characterized by a limited fresh material supply,a relatively high Chemical Index of Alteration(CIA),and the influence of nearby rivers on the provenance of riparian dunes,leading to a higher degree of chemical weathering than that of TypeⅠin the west.Notably,TypeⅡis marked by weak-moderate chemical weathering degree and a comparatively higher CIA value.These classifications and their difference of degree of chemical weathering are possibly governed by the type of parent rock and the availability of material.This research offers new insights into the classification of riparian dunes impacted by aeolian-fluvial interactions in arid regions of the northern China deserts.Furthermore,it provides valuable implications for studies focusing on the provenance of sediments.展开更多
Large eddy simulation was used to investigate the spatial development of open channel flow over a series of dunes. The three-dimensional filtered Navier-Stokes （N-S） equations were numerically solved with the fracti...Large eddy simulation was used to investigate the spatial development of open channel flow over a series of dunes. The three-dimensional filtered Navier-Stokes （N-S） equations were numerically solved with the fractional-step method in sigma coordinates. The subgrid-scale turbulent stress was modeled with a dynamic coherent eddy viscosity model proposed by the authors The computed velocity profiles are in good agreement with the available experimental results. The mean velocity and the turbulent Reynolds stress affected by a series of dune-shaped structures were compared and analyzed. The variation of turbulence statistics along the flow direction affected by the wavy bottom roughness has been studied. The turbulent boundary layer in a complex geographic environment can be simulated well with the proposed large eddy simulation （LES） model.展开更多
In an arid environment, especially in sandy areas where surface runoff is of no practical importance in the hydrological budget, it is rainfall, dewfall and evapotranspiration that become the most important variables....In an arid environment, especially in sandy areas where surface runoff is of no practical importance in the hydrological budget, it is rainfall, dewfall and evapotranspiration that become the most important variables. To assess actual evapotranspiration, several methods （flux-gradient, BREB, eddy correlation） were applied to data from the Nizzana experimental site in the northwestern Negev Desert. Additionally, a model specifically designed for arid environments is introduced in this paper. This zero plane model shows the most reasonable results compared with the other methods, which overestimate evapotranspiration to a large degree. It is shown that plant transpiration is the dominant process in total evapotranspiration while advective processes do not play a major role in the near-ground boundary layer, although the study area is influenced by a sea breeze. Actual transpiration ofArtemisia monosperma was measured in a field experiment to validate the calculated evapotranspiration. The vegetation contributed 41% of the calculated total evapotranspiration in a single month.展开更多
This research was conducted at the sand dunes stabilization research s tation in Baiji district, Iraq. Three techniques for sand dunes stabilization ar e selected: the first method is stabilization by clayey block ba...This research was conducted at the sand dunes stabilization research s tation in Baiji district, Iraq. Three techniques for sand dunes stabilization ar e selected: the first method is stabilization by clayey block barriers; the seco nd method is stabilization by dry planting of tamarix (tamarix articulata) cutti ngs and the third is stabilization by using cane branch barriers. Randomized sam ples were taken from the surface and subsurface layers of the stabilized and shi fting sand dunes to evaluate the effect of the three techniques on wind erosion parameters. The results indicate high significant differences between the wind e rosion parameters in the surface and subsurface layers in the stabilized sand du nes, while there are insignificant differences between the subsurface layer of t he stabilized dunes and the surface and subsurface layers in the active sand dun es. The results clarify the fact that there is an increase in the percentage of clay, silt, organic matter, mean weight diameter and the percentage of the dry a ggregates (>0.84 mm). A decrease is found in the rate of disaggregation for the dry aggregates in the samples of the surface layer of stabilized dunes when comp ared with the subsurface layer of stabilized dunes and the surface layer of the shifting sand dunes. There is a positive high significant correlation among the aggregate stability parameters and the percentage of clay and silt, and the cont ent of organic matter in the studied layers.展开更多
This study was carried out at Sand Dunes Stabilization Researches Station in Baiji district (230 km north of Baghdad, Iraq) to evaluate the effects of local soil conditioners manufactured from oil derivatives and plan...This study was carried out at Sand Dunes Stabilization Researches Station in Baiji district (230 km north of Baghdad, Iraq) to evaluate the effects of local soil conditioners manufactured from oil derivatives and plant residuals on sand dunes fixation as the first step for sand dunes stabilization. The results indicate that the fuel oil has the first place in improving wind erosion parameters in the study area, such as increasing mean weight diameter, dry aggregates percentage, the needed time for complete disaggregation by dry sieving, and decreasing the disaggregation rates. Bitumen emulsion occupies the second place, while the plant residuals occupies the third place and has slight effects on the studied parameters. Effects of conditioners on natural vegetation cover are negative in oil derivatives treatments, while positive in plants residuals treatments.展开更多
Deserts are one of the major landforms on the Earth. While deserts occupy about one-fifth of Earth’s land surface, they have been studied to a much lesser extent. All over the world, desert landforms are expanding ev...Deserts are one of the major landforms on the Earth. While deserts occupy about one-fifth of Earth’s land surface, they have been studied to a much lesser extent. All over the world, desert landforms are expanding ever rapidly and more and more human settlements are finding place in desert regions for habitation. Thus, quantifying and monitoring dunes becomes more relevant from a managerial perspective. Analyzing desert areas using satellite imagery is a challenging task due to weak textural differences and nearly homogeneous spectral responses in most parts of the terrain. In this paper, a post-clustering methodology for change detection of desert sand dunes is proposed. Features based on Radon spectrum are used to cluster dunes of various orientations. These clustered boundaries are used to detect if there are any changes occurring in the dune regions. In the experiments, remote sensing data covering various dune regions of the world are observed for possible changes in dune orientations. In all the cases, it is seen that there are no major changes in desert dune orientations since three decades.展开更多
Aeolian process leads to the transportation and accumulation of sand particles that result in sand dune landforms. The structure and shape of the sand dunes are driven by the parameters of interacting wind force and t...Aeolian process leads to the transportation and accumulation of sand particles that result in sand dune landforms. The structure and shape of the sand dunes are driven by the parameters of interacting wind force and the material composition of sand within. Cross-section profiles over the sand dunes will essay the geomorphological parameters through which the steady state and rate of sand transport can be computed. National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s novel satellite namely Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) hosts a solo sensor namely Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) which is a photon counting instrument that measures the round-trip time of the light pulse being emitted and reflected back from the surface determines the true height of the topographic feature on the Earth. In this article, cross-section profiles generated from the beams of ICESat-2 ground-tracks acquired over sand dunes of the Thar Desert region were analysed for detecting the geomorphological parameters. Observations from the cross-section profiles have resulted in giving unprecedented details about the shapes and morphological settings of various types of sand dunes like barchanoids, parabolic, longitudinal, and transverse dunes. Morphological parameters of sand dunes like the length of the stoss slope, crest height, slip face details, inter-arms spacing, height of the trailing arms, length of the depositional lobes, and sinuosity of the recurring crest lines were retrieved with ease from the Level-2A data product namely ATL03 of ICESat-2/ATLAS.展开更多
In order to clarify the formation mechanism of linear dunes on the northern margin of Qarhan Salt Lake, northwestern China, we analyzed the grain-size and sorting parameters of the dune and interdune sands. The surfac...In order to clarify the formation mechanism of linear dunes on the northern margin of Qarhan Salt Lake, northwestern China, we analyzed the grain-size and sorting parameters of the dune and interdune sands. The surface sands （0-30 ram） from the dune base to the crest of both flanks and interdune corridors were sampled along transects from upwind to downwind through the dune field. The results indicated that the grain-size distribution differed at different positions between and within the dunes. The frequency curve for dune sands mainly showed a bimodal distribution, while the interdune sediments showed a trimodal distribution. The grain size distribution of the linear dunes showed a finer crest pattern, i.e. the crests were composed of sands that were generally finer, better sorted than those of base sands. In addition, at the dune field scale, the dune crest sands were tending to become much finer but sorting became worse along the downwind transects. However, the grain-size parameters of sediments in the interdune corridors showed no clear pattern. The results demonstrated that the grain size and sorting parameters exhibited a systematic change not only at the individual scale but also at the dune field scale. Our results quantitatively estimate the limited role of cohesive sediments on the formation of linear dune under unidirectional wind regime. More attention should be paid to a long-term wind regime observation, internal sedimentary structures and their formation ages.展开更多
基金The Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition and Research Program:Investigation and Risk Assessment of Drought and Aeolian Disasters in Tarim River Basin,No.2021xjkk0300Xinjiang Tianshan Talent Program,No.2022TSYCLJ0002National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42471013。
文摘As the largest desert in China,the Taklimakan Desert features unique mobility and alternating mega-dune and inter-dune landscapes with rich dune types.Most areas of the sand sea were explored in the early 20th century.However,the eastern Taklimakan Desert characterized by extremely tall dunes,had received little attention until 2022 owing to transportation inconveniences.This study examined the alternating mega-dune and inter-dune landscapes in the eastern Taklimakan Desert,through spatial analysis and field surveys.Results demonstrate that the tallest mega-dunes are distributed primarily to the east of the central desert,with the occurrence of approximately 240 mega-dunes exceeding 150 m in height.The height-spacing relationship of mega-dunes with different orders exhibits a weak correlation,suggesting that the dune formation and evolution are more complex than previously documented;this could be attributed to the factors other than solely the wind regime.Additionally,from the field survey,we found that sand availability is the dominant factor for constraining the sustained growth of mega-dunes.A pattern coarsening may be responsible for the development of the dune fields in the eastern Taklimakan Desert,thus yielding constraints on the development of mega-dunes,and other dune fields on Earth as well.
基金Sponsored by Major State Basic Research Development Program(973 Program)(2014CB460611)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41261102)
文摘In desert areas in Hexi region,11 barchan dunes,6 chains of barchan dunes,6 pyramid dunes,6 parabolic dunes and 6 accumulated sand-belts were chosen to study their movement speed based on images obtained by Google Earth in various periods.The results show that among the dunes,the movement of the barchan dunes was the fastest,followed by the chains of barchan dunes,and only the tops of the pyramid dunes swayed,while the parabolic dunes and accumulated sand-belts hardly moved forward.The higher the barchan dunes(or the chains of barchan dunes) were,the slower the movement was.On the contrary,the higher the pyramid dunes were,the faster the swing was.There was a positive correlation between the movement speed of the barchan dunes and the average wind speed of sandstorms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42271421).
文摘Texture analysis methods offer substantial advantages and potential in examining macro-topographic features of dunes.Despite these advantages,comprehensive approaches that integrate digital elevation model(DEM)with quantitative texture features have not been fully developed.This study introduced an automatic classification framework for dunes that combines texture and topographic features and validated it through a typical coastal aeolian landform,namely,dunes in the Namib Desert.A three-stage approach was outlined:(1)segmentation of dune units was conducted using digital terrain analysis;(2)six texture features(angular second moment,contrast,correlation,variance,entropy,and inverse difference moment)were extracted from the gray-level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM)and subsequently quantified;and(3)texture–topographic indices were integrated into the random forest(RF)model for classification.The results show that the RF model fused with texture features can accurately identify dune morphological characteristics;through accuracy evaluation and remote sensing image verification,the overall accuracy reaches 78.0%(kappa coefficient=0.72),outperforming traditional spectral-based methods.In addition,spatial analysis reveals that coastal dunes exhibit complex texture patterns,with texture homogeneity being closely linked to dune-type transitions.Specifically,homogeneous textures correspond to simple and stable forms such as barchans,while heterogeneous textures are associated with complex or composite dunes.The complexity,periodicity,and directionality of texture features are highly consistent with the spatial distribution of dunes.Validation using high-resolution remote sensing imagery(Sentinel-2)further confirms that the method effectively clusters similar dunes and distinguishes different dune types.Additionally,the dune classification results have a good correspondence with changes in near-surface wind regimes.Overall,the findings suggest that texture features derived from DEM can accurately capture the dynamic characteristics of dune morphology,offering a novel approach for automatic dune classification.Compared with traditional methods,the developed approach facilitates large-scale and high-precision dune mapping while reducing the workload of manual interpretation,thus advancing research on aeolian geomorphology.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571256)the National Natural Science Foundation of China–Xinjiang Mutual Funds(U1503101)the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang,China(2015211C292)
文摘Understanding the characteristics of soil seed banks in sand dunes is crucial to stabilize the dune systems and maintain the plant populations in deserts. In this study, we conducted a survey investigation in the field and a seed germination experiment in the laboratory to explore the characteristics of soil seed banks at various geomorphic positions of longitudinal sand dunes in the Gurbantunggut Desert, China. Totally, 17 plant species belonging to 17 genera and 9 families were identified in soil seed banks, and 35 plant species belonging to 34 genera and 17 families were identified in aboveground vegetation. Plant species richness in soil seed banks decreased with increasing soil depth. The highest species richness was presented in the upper slope of the windward slope and the lowest species richness was presented in the base of the windward slope. There was no significant difference in seed density of soil seed banks among the examined seven geomorphic positions. The highest seed density occurred in the lower slope of the leeward slope while the lowest occurred in the crest. Moreover, seed density decreased with increasing soil depth, being the highest in the upper soil layer （0-2 cm）. For both soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation, there was no significant difference in Simpson＇s diversity index among the seven geomorphic positions; however, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou＇s evenness index showed significant differences among the seven geomorphic positions. Those results showed that although there was no significant difference in seed density of soil seed banks among the seven geomorphic positions, the geomorphic positions significantly affected the species richness, diversity and distribution of soil seed banks. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of soil seed banks at different geomorphic positions of sand dunes is essential to vegetation restoration or reestablishment. Furthermore, the Jaccard＇s similarity coefficients of plant species between soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation at the seven geomorphic positions were low, suggesting that vegetation restoration or reestablishment processes should be promoted through adding seeds to surface layers.
基金funded by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2013BAC07B02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41071009)the West Light Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (29Y128841)
文摘The Crescent Moon Spring is a precious natural heritage. However, the dynamic characteristics of megadunes around the Crescent Moon Spring are not well known. This paper quantitatively studied the character- istics and changes of megadunes around the Crescent Moon Spring by interpreting aerial photographs taken in 1985 and 2004 and analysing the dune crestlines and the wind data collected from 2011 to 2012. Results revealed that pyramid dunes were formed by a complex wind regime. The Crescent Moon Spring was not buried by shifting sands because of the stable wind regime and relative stability of pyramid dunes. The crestlines of the dunes around the spring moved northward between 1985 and 2004. The south-facing slip faces were also exposed to wind ero- sion, whereas the other faces were under deposition, thus indicating that the southerly wind was relatively en- hanced. Limiting the scale of tall windbreaks and architectures in the Dunhuang oasis at the north of the spring was necessary to maintain the dynamic equilibrium of the wind regime and sand transport.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40771021)the Ministry of Education ofChina (No.20070027020)the Ministry of Science & Technology of China (Nos.2006BAD20B03 and 2006BAD20B02).
文摘Taibus County, Inner Mongolia, China, lies in a farming-pastoral ecotone, where severe wind erosion and various aeolian sand hazards are prevalent and fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes occur frequently. This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between sand transportation rate and wind speed for the fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes based on field measurements. The annual quantity of soil erosion by wind was estimated using meteorological wind data. The results indicated that the sand transportation rate in Taibus County in 2000 was 57.38 kg cm-1 year-1 for the semi-fixed dunes and 4.56 kg cm-1 year-1 for the fixed dunes. The total duration of erosive winds covered 12.5% of the time of the year, and spring posed the highest potential of sand transportation. Wind with low speed (≤ 17 m s-1) and high frequency plays a dominant role in sand transportation, while strong wind (≥ 17 m s-1) with low frequency significantly enhanced the sand transportation. Erosive wind speed, directions, and frequency were three crucial dynamic factors influencing sand hazards in the farming-pastoral ecotone. The dominant factors intensifying sand and dust storms in Taibus County might be related to the favorable wind condition in combination with the durable drought, which led to land desertification and vegetation degradation.
基金This research was supported by the project"Research on Vegetation Restoration and Reconstruction Technology in the Ecologically Fragile Areas of Uzhumqin Sand Dunes"of the Science and Technology Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2020GG0077).We are grateful to the Key Laboratory of Wind and Sand Physics and Sand Control Engineering of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for providing us with experimental equipment and space.We thank LetPub(www.letpub.com)for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.
文摘Sediment constitutes the fundamental basis for forming and evolving aeolian geomorphology.The characteristics of sediment particle size offer insights into the development and evolution of sandy terrain,making their study critical to understanding aeolian geomorphology and sand control.In this study,we combined high-density collection of surface sediments in the Uzhumqin sand dunes and GIS spatial analysis to analyze the particle size parameters and changes in the spatial distribution of surface sediments in this region.In addition,we used an end-member analysis to identify the potential sources of the sediments.The results showed that surface sediments in the Uzhumqin sand dunes had distinct spatial distributions.Medium and coarse grain sands dominated the sediments in the dunes,and the mean grain size and the sorting coefficient generally increased along the prevailing wind direction,with high values in individual areas related to factors such as material sources and vegetation cover.Skewness was strongly influenced by factors such as landform change and human activity,and spatial variability became more complex.Kurtosis and the soil fractal dimension showed generally decreasing trends along the prevailing wind direction.With dune fixation,the contents of clay and powder particles in the soil increased;the mean particle size,the sorting coefficient,and the fractal dimension of the soil gradually increased,and the skewness and kurtosis gradually decreased.The end-member analysis results indicated the existence of five end-members(EM)in the dune sediments.EM 1 was a mixed component of wind-deposited fine sands and nearby fluvial sediments.EM 2 was the main component of sediments in the study area and was the result of sorting lake sediments by wind action and by the local topography.EM 3 may be a product of river flood deposition.EM 4 and EM 5 had coarser grain sizes.EM 4 was a lake-phase sediment product influenced by topographic and vegetation cover factors,and EM 5 was primarily a river and lake sediment product modified by weathering.The sediment particle size results from the study area indicate that the sediment in the sandy region is generally coarse due to multiple factors,including topography,climate,hydrology,and human activity.Sandy material in the study area originated from nearby,with very little sand being transported from long distances.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52075246 and U1937206)the Project Funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M661826)+1 种基金Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing(No.IADL20190202)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(KYCX19_0181).
文摘A new type of microstructure inspired by the cross section of barchan dunes was proposed to reduce windage,which was considered as a passive drag reduction technology in aerospace manufacturing field.Computational fluid dynamics method was carried out to discuss the effect of the microstructure on the skin friction reduction under high velocity flow condition.Different microstructure heights were employed to survey the reduction of drag.The results illustrated that the appearance of microstructure led to a generation of pressure drag in non-smooth model(with microstructures inspired by cross section of barchan dune)in contrast to smooth model.However,the microstructure significantly increased the thickness of the low-speed fluid by 11.4%in the near-wall flow field,causing the low-speed fluid to rise and decreasing the velocity gradient near the wall,thereby reducing viscous resistance.In addition,high-speed fluid flowed above the microstructure units instead of along the inner side of the units due to the influence of micro-vortex,resulting in a reduction of friction near the surface.Further-more,micro-vortex was considered to be the significant internal factor to achieve turbulent drag reduction since it could not only reduce the viscous resistance by promoting the fluid flow above the microstructure but also pro-vide a reverse thrust force.The understanding of the mechanism of drag reduction provides theoretical guidance for further fabrication of drag reduction coatings using renewable materials.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2018YFB1105100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51975246)+2 种基金the Advanced Manufacturing Project of Provincial School Construction of Jilin Province (No. SXGJSF2017-2)the Program for JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team (2019TD-34)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (No. 2016M590256)
文摘For the enhancement of heat transfer efficiency,a novel turbulator inspired by the morphology of barchan dunes,called the mimetic barchan dune(MBD)turbulator,is designed and evaluated in the simplified gas turbine transition section.By using computational fluid dynamics(CFD),the numerical simulations for comparison have been carried out,concluding the smooth thermal surface,a thermal surface with riblet-shaped turbulator and a thermal surface with MBD turbulator.Then,two indicators are investigated for evaluating the coolant performance which are the heat transfer efficiency(η)on the outlet and the pressure loss(ΔP)in the coolant chamber.The numerical results show that the coolant has the best heat transfer efficiency with less pressure loss in the coolant chamber with the MBD turbulator.Then,the effect of the MBD turbulator sizes on heat transfer efficiency is investigated.When the height of the MBD turbulator(h)is set at 8 mm,the maximum amount of heat that could be transfered by the coolant is up to566.2 K and the corresponding heat transfer efficiency is 26.62%.The detail flows have been shown to elucidate the function of the MBD surface which may greatly arouse more design for solving harsh circumstance.
文摘Evaluation of 450 surface sterilized tissue segments of a seasonal wild legume, Sesbania bispinosa （Jacq.）, of coastal sand dunes and mangroves of southwest India yielded 546 isolates comprising 39 endophytic fungi with six dominant taxa （Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium tenuissimum, Fusarium moniliforme, Penicillium chrysogenum and morpho sp. 1）. A consortium of saprophytic, pathogenic and toxigenic fungi exists as endophytes in S. bispinosa. Number of segments colonized, number of isolates obtained, species richness and diversity were higher in S. bispinosa in mangroves compared to coastal sand dunes. Seeds yielded more fungal isolates, but species richness and diversity were low. In spite of low fungal colonization in root segments, the diversity was high. Up to 30-40 % endophytic fungi of S. bispinosa differed between coastal sand dunes and mangroves revealing partial host- and habitat-specificity. As S. bispi- nosa is extensively used as green manure and forage in southwest India, further studies especially on the bioactive compounds of its endophytic fungi might broaden its range of uses. In addition to conventional morphologicaltechniques, molecular tools would provide precise insight on the endophytic fungi of coastal sand dunes and mangroves.
文摘About half of the arid and semi-arid lands in the world are deserts thatcomprise various types of aeolian sand dunes deposits. In Shaanxi Province, aeolian sand dunes coverconsiderable areas of the Yulin desert and northern Jinbian. Sand dunes are moving in the main winddirection and converting some agricultural area to wasteland. Remote sensing of sand dunes helps inthe understanding of aeolian process and desertification. Remote sensing data combined with fieldstudies are valuable in studying sand dunes, regional aeolian depositional history. In particular,active and inactive sand dunes of the north Shaanxi Province were studied using remote sensing andgeographic information system. In this study, we describe the Landsat thematic mapper (TM) images,covering north Shaanxi Province, which were used to study the distribution, shape, size, trends,density and movement of sand dunes and their effect on desertification of cultivated lands.Estimation was made depending on soil erodibility factor (Ⅰ) and local climatic factor (C) duringthe period (June to September). The result indicates that soil erosion caused sand drift of 8.957 5,7. 03 ton for Yulin and Jinbian, respectively. The mean sand dunes movement rate were 4.37, 3.11 m,whereas, monthly sand dune advance rate were 1. 092 5, 0. 777 5m, for the two locations,respectively. The study reveals that cultivated lands extended obliquely to the direction of sanddune movement are extremely affected, while other segments that extend parallel to the direction ofthe movement are not affected. Accordingly the north Shaanxi Province was divided into areas ofdifferent classes of potential risk. Moreover, blown sands and sand movement from neighboringhighlands also affect the area of western desert.
基金funding from the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX3-SW-341)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of the Natural Science Foundation of China (40225003)
文摘Secondary flow plays an important role in the development of dunes. To investigate this phenomenon, we simulated models of transverse dunes with different stoss slopes in a wind tunnel. We measured the threshold wind velocity at different locations in the lee of the dunes, and observed the corresponding particle movement characteristics under threshold conditions to assess the sedi-mentological significance of secondary airflow. Threshold wind velocity changed with both horizontal distance and stoss slope. Its variation with horizontal distance is characterized by a region in which a rapid reduction occurs, a region with a minimum value, and a region with high value. We confirmed the presence of reversal cells, irrespective of the stoss slope. Neither the variation in threshold wind velocity nor the variation in reattachment distance as a function of stoss slope followed a monotonic function. The 15° stoss slope had the greatest threshold wind velocity and reattachment distance.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41871010,No.41901094,No.41801004The Second Comprehensive Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,No.2019QZKK0906。
文摘Rivers in deserts present unique geographical features owing to aeolian-fluvial interactions.In this study,510 surface sediment samples were gathered from eight watersheds to systematically examine the major element characteristics of riparian sand dunes in northern China deserts.The findings revealed that these dunes could be categorized into three primary zones:Type I,comprising Keriya,Tora,Heihe,and Langqu rivers in the west;TypeⅡ,featuring the Maquan River in the Tibetan Plateau;and TypeⅢ,including Mu Bulag,Kuye,and Xar Moron rivers in the east.Specifically,the TypeⅢregion is characterized by a limited fresh material supply,a relatively high Chemical Index of Alteration(CIA),and the influence of nearby rivers on the provenance of riparian dunes,leading to a higher degree of chemical weathering than that of TypeⅠin the west.Notably,TypeⅡis marked by weak-moderate chemical weathering degree and a comparatively higher CIA value.These classifications and their difference of degree of chemical weathering are possibly governed by the type of parent rock and the availability of material.This research offers new insights into the classification of riparian dunes impacted by aeolian-fluvial interactions in arid regions of the northern China deserts.Furthermore,it provides valuable implications for studies focusing on the provenance of sediments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51179058)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grants No. 51125034 and 50925932)+1 种基金the Special Fund for Public Welfare of the Water Resources Ministry of China (Grant No. 201201017)the 111 Project (Grant No. B12032)
文摘Large eddy simulation was used to investigate the spatial development of open channel flow over a series of dunes. The three-dimensional filtered Navier-Stokes （N-S） equations were numerically solved with the fractional-step method in sigma coordinates. The subgrid-scale turbulent stress was modeled with a dynamic coherent eddy viscosity model proposed by the authors The computed velocity profiles are in good agreement with the available experimental results. The mean velocity and the turbulent Reynolds stress affected by a series of dune-shaped structures were compared and analyzed. The variation of turbulence statistics along the flow direction affected by the wavy bottom roughness has been studied. The turbulent boundary layer in a complex geographic environment can be simulated well with the proposed large eddy simulation （LES） model.
文摘In an arid environment, especially in sandy areas where surface runoff is of no practical importance in the hydrological budget, it is rainfall, dewfall and evapotranspiration that become the most important variables. To assess actual evapotranspiration, several methods （flux-gradient, BREB, eddy correlation） were applied to data from the Nizzana experimental site in the northwestern Negev Desert. Additionally, a model specifically designed for arid environments is introduced in this paper. This zero plane model shows the most reasonable results compared with the other methods, which overestimate evapotranspiration to a large degree. It is shown that plant transpiration is the dominant process in total evapotranspiration while advective processes do not play a major role in the near-ground boundary layer, although the study area is influenced by a sea breeze. Actual transpiration ofArtemisia monosperma was measured in a field experiment to validate the calculated evapotranspiration. The vegetation contributed 41% of the calculated total evapotranspiration in a single month.
文摘This research was conducted at the sand dunes stabilization research s tation in Baiji district, Iraq. Three techniques for sand dunes stabilization ar e selected: the first method is stabilization by clayey block barriers; the seco nd method is stabilization by dry planting of tamarix (tamarix articulata) cutti ngs and the third is stabilization by using cane branch barriers. Randomized sam ples were taken from the surface and subsurface layers of the stabilized and shi fting sand dunes to evaluate the effect of the three techniques on wind erosion parameters. The results indicate high significant differences between the wind e rosion parameters in the surface and subsurface layers in the stabilized sand du nes, while there are insignificant differences between the subsurface layer of t he stabilized dunes and the surface and subsurface layers in the active sand dun es. The results clarify the fact that there is an increase in the percentage of clay, silt, organic matter, mean weight diameter and the percentage of the dry a ggregates (>0.84 mm). A decrease is found in the rate of disaggregation for the dry aggregates in the samples of the surface layer of stabilized dunes when comp ared with the subsurface layer of stabilized dunes and the surface layer of the shifting sand dunes. There is a positive high significant correlation among the aggregate stability parameters and the percentage of clay and silt, and the cont ent of organic matter in the studied layers.
文摘This study was carried out at Sand Dunes Stabilization Researches Station in Baiji district (230 km north of Baghdad, Iraq) to evaluate the effects of local soil conditioners manufactured from oil derivatives and plant residuals on sand dunes fixation as the first step for sand dunes stabilization. The results indicate that the fuel oil has the first place in improving wind erosion parameters in the study area, such as increasing mean weight diameter, dry aggregates percentage, the needed time for complete disaggregation by dry sieving, and decreasing the disaggregation rates. Bitumen emulsion occupies the second place, while the plant residuals occupies the third place and has slight effects on the studied parameters. Effects of conditioners on natural vegetation cover are negative in oil derivatives treatments, while positive in plants residuals treatments.
文摘Deserts are one of the major landforms on the Earth. While deserts occupy about one-fifth of Earth’s land surface, they have been studied to a much lesser extent. All over the world, desert landforms are expanding ever rapidly and more and more human settlements are finding place in desert regions for habitation. Thus, quantifying and monitoring dunes becomes more relevant from a managerial perspective. Analyzing desert areas using satellite imagery is a challenging task due to weak textural differences and nearly homogeneous spectral responses in most parts of the terrain. In this paper, a post-clustering methodology for change detection of desert sand dunes is proposed. Features based on Radon spectrum are used to cluster dunes of various orientations. These clustered boundaries are used to detect if there are any changes occurring in the dune regions. In the experiments, remote sensing data covering various dune regions of the world are observed for possible changes in dune orientations. In all the cases, it is seen that there are no major changes in desert dune orientations since three decades.
文摘Aeolian process leads to the transportation and accumulation of sand particles that result in sand dune landforms. The structure and shape of the sand dunes are driven by the parameters of interacting wind force and the material composition of sand within. Cross-section profiles over the sand dunes will essay the geomorphological parameters through which the steady state and rate of sand transport can be computed. National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s novel satellite namely Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) hosts a solo sensor namely Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) which is a photon counting instrument that measures the round-trip time of the light pulse being emitted and reflected back from the surface determines the true height of the topographic feature on the Earth. In this article, cross-section profiles generated from the beams of ICESat-2 ground-tracks acquired over sand dunes of the Thar Desert region were analysed for detecting the geomorphological parameters. Observations from the cross-section profiles have resulted in giving unprecedented details about the shapes and morphological settings of various types of sand dunes like barchanoids, parabolic, longitudinal, and transverse dunes. Morphological parameters of sand dunes like the length of the stoss slope, crest height, slip face details, inter-arms spacing, height of the trailing arms, length of the depositional lobes, and sinuosity of the recurring crest lines were retrieved with ease from the Level-2A data product namely ATL03 of ICESat-2/ATLAS.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41171010, 41130533, 41301003)
文摘In order to clarify the formation mechanism of linear dunes on the northern margin of Qarhan Salt Lake, northwestern China, we analyzed the grain-size and sorting parameters of the dune and interdune sands. The surface sands （0-30 ram） from the dune base to the crest of both flanks and interdune corridors were sampled along transects from upwind to downwind through the dune field. The results indicated that the grain-size distribution differed at different positions between and within the dunes. The frequency curve for dune sands mainly showed a bimodal distribution, while the interdune sediments showed a trimodal distribution. The grain size distribution of the linear dunes showed a finer crest pattern, i.e. the crests were composed of sands that were generally finer, better sorted than those of base sands. In addition, at the dune field scale, the dune crest sands were tending to become much finer but sorting became worse along the downwind transects. However, the grain-size parameters of sediments in the interdune corridors showed no clear pattern. The results demonstrated that the grain size and sorting parameters exhibited a systematic change not only at the individual scale but also at the dune field scale. Our results quantitatively estimate the limited role of cohesive sediments on the formation of linear dune under unidirectional wind regime. More attention should be paid to a long-term wind regime observation, internal sedimentary structures and their formation ages.
