目的万古霉素药物利用评估(drug use evaluation,DUE)标准的建立及其应用。方法通过DUE标准基本框架的构建,结合专家咨询法和参考国内外万古霉素临床应用指南,建立万古霉素DUE标准,设计数据收集表收集某三甲医院万古霉素使用病例资料,...目的万古霉素药物利用评估(drug use evaluation,DUE)标准的建立及其应用。方法通过DUE标准基本框架的构建,结合专家咨询法和参考国内外万古霉素临床应用指南,建立万古霉素DUE标准,设计数据收集表收集某三甲医院万古霉素使用病例资料,评估该药物使用情况。结果DUE标准基本框架涵盖了医、药、护三方对药物治疗过程和用药结果的责任;通过实施DUE程序,可以发现万古霉素应用好的方面和不理想的地方。结论通过开展DUE研究,有助于促进临床药学的发展和提高药物的临床应用水平,使药物应用更加经济、合理、规范化。展开更多
Dear Editor,We present the first reported case of nasal optic disc pit resulting in serous detachment of the macula. Optic disc pit is a rare congenital anomaly occurring in one out of 11 000 people. The appearance is...Dear Editor,We present the first reported case of nasal optic disc pit resulting in serous detachment of the macula. Optic disc pit is a rare congenital anomaly occurring in one out of 11 000 people. The appearance is a localized round or oval depression in that is grey, yellow or black in colour depending on the amount of glial tissue present.展开更多
Acupoint-injection of Viamine B12 was used for treatment of 63 cases of hypogalactia due to deficiency of qi and blood. As a result, 56 cases were cured, accounting for 88. 9%, 5 cases were remarkedly effective, accou...Acupoint-injection of Viamine B12 was used for treatment of 63 cases of hypogalactia due to deficiency of qi and blood. As a result, 56 cases were cured, accounting for 88. 9%, 5 cases were remarkedly effective, accounting for 7. 9% and 2 cases were ineffective. The total effective rate was 96. 8 %展开更多
In this paper, we give a mathematical model for earliness-tardiness job scheduling problem with a common due window on parallel and non-identical machines. Because the job scheduling problem discussed in the paper con...In this paper, we give a mathematical model for earliness-tardiness job scheduling problem with a common due window on parallel and non-identical machines. Because the job scheduling problem discussed in the paper contains a problem of minimizing make-span, which is NP-complete on parallel and uniform machines, a heuristic algorithm is presented to find an approximate solution for the scheduling problem after proving an important theorem. Two numerical examples illustrate that the heuristic algorithm is very useful and effective in obtaining the near-optimal solution.展开更多
A single machine scheduling problem involving fuzzy due dates and fuzzy precedence constraints is investigated. The fuzzy precedence reflects the satisfaction level with respect to precedence between two jobs. A membe...A single machine scheduling problem involving fuzzy due dates and fuzzy precedence constraints is investigated. The fuzzy precedence reflects the satisfaction level with respect to precedence between two jobs. A membership function is associated with each job Ji, which describes the degree of satisfaction with respect to completion time of Ji. For the bi-criteria scheduling problem, an 0 （ n^3 ） algorithm is proposed for finding nondominated solutions.展开更多
Some dominance rules are proposed for the problems of scheduling N jobs on a single machine with due dates, sequence dependent setup times and no preemption. Two algorithms based on Ragatz＇ s branch and bound scheme ...Some dominance rules are proposed for the problems of scheduling N jobs on a single machine with due dates, sequence dependent setup times and no preemption. Two algorithms based on Ragatz＇ s branch and bound scheme are developed including the dominance rules where the objective is to minimize the maximum tardiness or the total tardiness. Computational experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the dominance rules.展开更多
In order to evaluate the tendency of mechanical properties degrudation due to weld-ing and other processing in materials used for supporting coils in super conducting rnaguets utilized in thermonuclear jusion reactore...In order to evaluate the tendency of mechanical properties degrudation due to weld-ing and other processing in materials used for supporting coils in super conducting rnaguets utilized in thermonuclear jusion reactore, a small punch (SP) test was used.This test, which was originally developed to study irradiation damage using miniatursized specimens was performed at 77 and 4 K for solution treated and sensitized JN1 austenitic stainless steel, a candidate cryogenic structural material. The area under the load-deflection curve up to the maximum applied load in SP test was defined as the SP enerpy, to characterize the resistance to fracture. Although solution treated material exhibited ductile fracture mode with high SP enerpy, embrittlement behavior due to sensitization at 650-800°for 1-5 h was shown clearlg by SP test with brittle intergranular fracture and decreased SP enerpy. Comparison of the results obtained by SP test with those by fracture toughness test showed the usefulness of SP test for evaluation of sensitization induced embrittlement at cryogenic temperature. The re-sults obtained in this study can be very usefol in predicting the degradation due to welding and other processing in cryogenic materials.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Synthetic cannabinoids are increasingly used all over the world as marijuana substitutes. They have various names such as spice and bonzai in different countries. Cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events ...INTRODUCTION Synthetic cannabinoids are increasingly used all over the world as marijuana substitutes. They have various names such as spice and bonzai in different countries. Cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events associated with cocaine, heroin and amphetamine abuse have been frequently reported. However, stroke associated with the synthetic cannabinoids use is rarely reported. There are only a few case reports in association with synthetic cannabinoids use. Bernson-Leung et al described 2 cases that introduce a previously unreported association between synthetic cannabinoids use and ischemic stroke in young adults. Here, we report two patients with stroke that occured shortly after synthetic cannabinoids use.展开更多
In this study, a simple Arduino-based experiment was designed to examine the acceleration of the object during free fall and to calculate the value of “g” (acceleration due to gravity). Experimental data on the free...In this study, a simple Arduino-based experiment was designed to examine the acceleration of the object during free fall and to calculate the value of “g” (acceleration due to gravity). Experimental data on the free fall of a plastic box through the air was gathered with the help of an ultrasonic distance sensor (HC-SR04). Readings were taken at different intervals during the fall to obtain distance time curves. Acceleration during the free fall was then determined by applying the standard kinematic equations. The shape of the distance-time graphs obtained from the experimental setup was in good agreement with the predicted graphs and the calculated values of g lie within the expected range. After repeated experiments, value of gravitational acceleration was found to be 9.805 m/s2. Hardware and software prepared for the experiment are sufficient to examine movement of ordinary objects during free fall, therefore the experiment can be easily settled in a laboratory for the purpose of learning and teaching.展开更多
The aim of this lab is to determine an experimental value for the local acceleration due to gravity. In order to do this, a cart was released down a track and allowed to pass through two photogates recording the entra...The aim of this lab is to determine an experimental value for the local acceleration due to gravity. In order to do this, a cart was released down a track and allowed to pass through two photogates recording the entrance and exit times of the cart. These times along with the length of a light blocking strip on the cart, were used to calculate the acceleration of the cart down the track at various angles, and through linearization, the experimental value for the local acceleration due to gravity was determined to be 10.027 ± 0.312 m/s<sup>2</sup>. This value has a percent error of only 2.2% from the accepted value of 9.8 m/s<sup>2</sup>, which proves that this method of determining local acceleration due to gravity can be effective and accurate. Additionally, this experimental value shows how similar the approximation is to the accepted value.展开更多
Objectives:To explore contrast application on CT and BA in cerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension.Methods: CT and BA were examined in 106 patients with cerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension.Results:The different ch...Objectives:To explore contrast application on CT and BA in cerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension.Methods: CT and BA were examined in 106 patients with cerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension.Results:The different changes of CT and BA were showed in 106 patients with cerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension.Conclusions:There were separately different advantage and shortcoming in CT and BA in diagnosis of cerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension.The value of clinical application of BA was important in cerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension.展开更多
Due date quotation and scheduling are important tools to match demand with production capacity in the MTO （make-to-order） environment. We consider an order scheduling problem faced by a manufacturing f＇trm operatin...Due date quotation and scheduling are important tools to match demand with production capacity in the MTO （make-to-order） environment. We consider an order scheduling problem faced by a manufacturing f＇trm operating in an MTO environment, where the firm needs to quote a common due date for the customers, and simultaneously control the processing times of customer orders （by allocating extra resources to process the orders） so as to complete the orders before a given deadline. The objective is to minimize the total costs of earliness, tardiness, due date assignment and extra resource consumption. We show the problem is NP-hard, even if the cost weights for controlling the order processing times are identical. We identify several polynomially solvable cases of the problem, and develop a branch and bound algorithm and three Tabu search algorithms to solve the general problem. We then conduct computational experiments to evaluate the performance of the three Tabu-search algorithms and show that they are generally effective in terms of solution quality.展开更多
文摘目的万古霉素药物利用评估(drug use evaluation,DUE)标准的建立及其应用。方法通过DUE标准基本框架的构建,结合专家咨询法和参考国内外万古霉素临床应用指南,建立万古霉素DUE标准,设计数据收集表收集某三甲医院万古霉素使用病例资料,评估该药物使用情况。结果DUE标准基本框架涵盖了医、药、护三方对药物治疗过程和用药结果的责任;通过实施DUE程序,可以发现万古霉素应用好的方面和不理想的地方。结论通过开展DUE研究,有助于促进临床药学的发展和提高药物的临床应用水平,使药物应用更加经济、合理、规范化。
文摘Dear Editor,We present the first reported case of nasal optic disc pit resulting in serous detachment of the macula. Optic disc pit is a rare congenital anomaly occurring in one out of 11 000 people. The appearance is a localized round or oval depression in that is grey, yellow or black in colour depending on the amount of glial tissue present.
文摘Acupoint-injection of Viamine B12 was used for treatment of 63 cases of hypogalactia due to deficiency of qi and blood. As a result, 56 cases were cured, accounting for 88. 9%, 5 cases were remarkedly effective, accounting for 7. 9% and 2 cases were ineffective. The total effective rate was 96. 8 %
基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. 698069) and High-Tech. Research andDevelopment Program (No. 863-511-945-002)
文摘In this paper, we give a mathematical model for earliness-tardiness job scheduling problem with a common due window on parallel and non-identical machines. Because the job scheduling problem discussed in the paper contains a problem of minimizing make-span, which is NP-complete on parallel and uniform machines, a heuristic algorithm is presented to find an approximate solution for the scheduling problem after proving an important theorem. Two numerical examples illustrate that the heuristic algorithm is very useful and effective in obtaining the near-optimal solution.
文摘A single machine scheduling problem involving fuzzy due dates and fuzzy precedence constraints is investigated. The fuzzy precedence reflects the satisfaction level with respect to precedence between two jobs. A membership function is associated with each job Ji, which describes the degree of satisfaction with respect to completion time of Ji. For the bi-criteria scheduling problem, an 0 （ n^3 ） algorithm is proposed for finding nondominated solutions.
文摘Some dominance rules are proposed for the problems of scheduling N jobs on a single machine with due dates, sequence dependent setup times and no preemption. Two algorithms based on Ragatz＇ s branch and bound scheme are developed including the dominance rules where the objective is to minimize the maximum tardiness or the total tardiness. Computational experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the dominance rules.
文摘In order to evaluate the tendency of mechanical properties degrudation due to weld-ing and other processing in materials used for supporting coils in super conducting rnaguets utilized in thermonuclear jusion reactore, a small punch (SP) test was used.This test, which was originally developed to study irradiation damage using miniatursized specimens was performed at 77 and 4 K for solution treated and sensitized JN1 austenitic stainless steel, a candidate cryogenic structural material. The area under the load-deflection curve up to the maximum applied load in SP test was defined as the SP enerpy, to characterize the resistance to fracture. Although solution treated material exhibited ductile fracture mode with high SP enerpy, embrittlement behavior due to sensitization at 650-800°for 1-5 h was shown clearlg by SP test with brittle intergranular fracture and decreased SP enerpy. Comparison of the results obtained by SP test with those by fracture toughness test showed the usefulness of SP test for evaluation of sensitization induced embrittlement at cryogenic temperature. The re-sults obtained in this study can be very usefol in predicting the degradation due to welding and other processing in cryogenic materials.
文摘INTRODUCTION Synthetic cannabinoids are increasingly used all over the world as marijuana substitutes. They have various names such as spice and bonzai in different countries. Cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events associated with cocaine, heroin and amphetamine abuse have been frequently reported. However, stroke associated with the synthetic cannabinoids use is rarely reported. There are only a few case reports in association with synthetic cannabinoids use. Bernson-Leung et al described 2 cases that introduce a previously unreported association between synthetic cannabinoids use and ischemic stroke in young adults. Here, we report two patients with stroke that occured shortly after synthetic cannabinoids use.
文摘In this study, a simple Arduino-based experiment was designed to examine the acceleration of the object during free fall and to calculate the value of “g” (acceleration due to gravity). Experimental data on the free fall of a plastic box through the air was gathered with the help of an ultrasonic distance sensor (HC-SR04). Readings were taken at different intervals during the fall to obtain distance time curves. Acceleration during the free fall was then determined by applying the standard kinematic equations. The shape of the distance-time graphs obtained from the experimental setup was in good agreement with the predicted graphs and the calculated values of g lie within the expected range. After repeated experiments, value of gravitational acceleration was found to be 9.805 m/s2. Hardware and software prepared for the experiment are sufficient to examine movement of ordinary objects during free fall, therefore the experiment can be easily settled in a laboratory for the purpose of learning and teaching.
文摘The aim of this lab is to determine an experimental value for the local acceleration due to gravity. In order to do this, a cart was released down a track and allowed to pass through two photogates recording the entrance and exit times of the cart. These times along with the length of a light blocking strip on the cart, were used to calculate the acceleration of the cart down the track at various angles, and through linearization, the experimental value for the local acceleration due to gravity was determined to be 10.027 ± 0.312 m/s<sup>2</sup>. This value has a percent error of only 2.2% from the accepted value of 9.8 m/s<sup>2</sup>, which proves that this method of determining local acceleration due to gravity can be effective and accurate. Additionally, this experimental value shows how similar the approximation is to the accepted value.
文摘Objectives:To explore contrast application on CT and BA in cerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension.Methods: CT and BA were examined in 106 patients with cerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension.Results:The different changes of CT and BA were showed in 106 patients with cerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension.Conclusions:There were separately different advantage and shortcoming in CT and BA in diagnosis of cerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension.The value of clinical application of BA was important in cerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension.
文摘Due date quotation and scheduling are important tools to match demand with production capacity in the MTO （make-to-order） environment. We consider an order scheduling problem faced by a manufacturing f＇trm operating in an MTO environment, where the firm needs to quote a common due date for the customers, and simultaneously control the processing times of customer orders （by allocating extra resources to process the orders） so as to complete the orders before a given deadline. The objective is to minimize the total costs of earliness, tardiness, due date assignment and extra resource consumption. We show the problem is NP-hard, even if the cost weights for controlling the order processing times are identical. We identify several polynomially solvable cases of the problem, and develop a branch and bound algorithm and three Tabu search algorithms to solve the general problem. We then conduct computational experiments to evaluate the performance of the three Tabu-search algorithms and show that they are generally effective in terms of solution quality.
