Laser-in duced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS),firstly proposed in 1962 as Brech and Cross[I]successfully detected the plasma emission induced by a ruby laser,has attracted more and more attention in both academia and in...Laser-in duced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS),firstly proposed in 1962 as Brech and Cross[I]successfully detected the plasma emission induced by a ruby laser,has attracted more and more attention in both academia and industry due to its unique analytical features such as little or no sample preparation,simultaneous multi-elemental analysis,and remote sensing etc[2-4].Restrained from the highcost and poor reliability of instruments back then,the research popularity of LIBS declined quickly after a few years of initial mania of LIBS study.Since the 1990s,benefiting from the significant development of the hardware setups including laser,spectrometer,and ICCD,the'LIBS fever,re-emerged with continuous progress achieved in various applications as well as fundamental studies for the past two decades.In 2004,James D Winefordner,a prestigious an alytical scientist,crowned LIBS as a'future superstar5 for chemical analysis[5],marking the great potential of LIBS.However,on the way of fully commercialization and industrialization,LIBS is facing three big challenges:(1)to improve the quantitative analysis performance,particularly the repeatability and reproducibility performance;(2)to reduce the instrumental cost;(3)to improve the long-term stability and robustness for industrial applications.To finally transform LIBS from'future superstar,to'superstar5,joint effort of worldwide LIBS community is needed[6].展开更多
The effect of external constraints on Li diffusion in high-capacity Li-ion battery electrodes is investigated using a coupled finite deformation theory. It is found that thinfilm electrodes on rigid substrates experie...The effect of external constraints on Li diffusion in high-capacity Li-ion battery electrodes is investigated using a coupled finite deformation theory. It is found that thinfilm electrodes on rigid substrates experience much slower diffusion rates compared with free-standing films with the same material properties and geometric dimensions. More importantly, the study reveals that mechanical driving forces tend to retard diffusion in highly-constrained thin films when lithiation-induced softening is considered, in contrast to the fact that mechanical driving forces always enhance diffusion when deformation is fully elastic. The results provide further proof that nano-particles are a better design option for nextgeneration alloy-based electrodes compared with thin films.展开更多
The dislocation structure of specimens of a duplex stainless steel with precharged hydrogen has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy.The result showed the hydrogen acti- vated dislocation source on ph...The dislocation structure of specimens of a duplex stainless steel with precharged hydrogen has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy.The result showed the hydrogen acti- vated dislocation source on phase boundaries of ferrite/austenite and makes certain dislocations in austenite grains move.The dislocation appearances in each phase in specimens uncharged with hydrogen have been given for comparison.展开更多
Dendroctonus spp. is one of the most portable pests in imported and ex- ported timber and wooden packages, and it is an important object of the port quarantine. Making rapid and accurate identification of Dendroctonus...Dendroctonus spp. is one of the most portable pests in imported and ex- ported timber and wooden packages, and it is an important object of the port quarantine. Making rapid and accurate identification of Dendroctonus spp. is an im- portant method to reduce the invasion risk of Dendroctonus spp. for China. In this paper, Dendroctonus punctatus, which belongs to the Dendroctonus spp., is intro- duced in detail from the aspects of taxonomic status, biological characteristics, mor- phological characteristics and the invasion risk, providing reference for the identifica- tion of Dendroctonus punctatus in inspection and quarantine.展开更多
This paper focuses on data processing for incomplete measurement of trajectory (IMT) in aerospace measurement and control. The IMT means that the principal equipment loses the measured data during some intervals so th...This paper focuses on data processing for incomplete measurement of trajectory (IMT) in aerospace measurement and control. The IMT means that the principal equipment loses the measured data during some intervals so that trajectory parameters (position, velocity, etc.) cannot be determined independently. Based on a joint model for trajectory estimation with reduced parameter, a fusion way is put forth by making full use of measured data from auxiliary equipment with lower precision. In the superposition intervals of measurement between principal and auxiliary equipment, the technique of diagnosing and estimating system errors is applied to improving the estimate precision of trajectory parameters (TP) and determining the precision after data fusion. In practical test, this method operates so successfully that it can not only provide complete TP but improve their precision remarkably. Meanwhile, this way is also applicable to other problems of incomplete measurement.展开更多
The performance of functional materials and specifically energy-related functional materials,such as fuel cells,solar cells,batteries and catalysts depends on the their local,nanoscale properties.However,heterogeneiti...The performance of functional materials and specifically energy-related functional materials,such as fuel cells,solar cells,batteries and catalysts depends on the their local,nanoscale properties.However,heterogeneities in the phase,structure and composition of these functional materials makes it difficult to directly monitor and identify the influence of local physicochemical parameters on their global functionality.In this review we will discuss recent developments in the field of IR nanospectroscopy that enables the extraction of detailed chemical information at the nanoscale and the identification of nanoscale properties that influence the global performances of functional materials.Specifically,we will discuss the ways by which infrared (IR) nanospectroscopy techniques,namely photo thermal induced resonance (PTIR) and scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM),are utilized in order to identify nanoscale properties and their influence on the functionality of halide-perovskite solar cells and catalytic nanoparticles.In the last part of this review we will address the technical challenges and opportunities in expanding the scope of IR nanospectroscopy measurements into the field of electrochemistry-based functional materials.展开更多
Though the theory of one-parameter Triebel-Lizorkin and Besov spaces has been very well developed in the past decades, the multi-parameter counterpart of such a theory is still absent. The main purpose of this paper i...Though the theory of one-parameter Triebel-Lizorkin and Besov spaces has been very well developed in the past decades, the multi-parameter counterpart of such a theory is still absent. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a theory of multi-parameter Triebel-Lizorkin and Besov spaces using the discrete Littlewood-Paley-Stein analysis in the setting of implicit multi-parameter structure. It is motivated by the recent work of Han and Lu in which they established a satisfactory theory of multi-parameter Littlewood-Paley-Stein analysis and Hardy spaces associated with the flag singular integral operators studied by Muller-Ricci-Stein and Nagel-Ricci-Stein. We also prove the boundedness of flag singular integral operators on Triebel-Lizorkin space and Besov space. Our methods here can be applied to develop easily the theory of multi-parameter Triebel-Lizorkin and Besov spaces in the pure product setting.展开更多
文摘Laser-in duced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS),firstly proposed in 1962 as Brech and Cross[I]successfully detected the plasma emission induced by a ruby laser,has attracted more and more attention in both academia and industry due to its unique analytical features such as little or no sample preparation,simultaneous multi-elemental analysis,and remote sensing etc[2-4].Restrained from the highcost and poor reliability of instruments back then,the research popularity of LIBS declined quickly after a few years of initial mania of LIBS study.Since the 1990s,benefiting from the significant development of the hardware setups including laser,spectrometer,and ICCD,the'LIBS fever,re-emerged with continuous progress achieved in various applications as well as fundamental studies for the past two decades.In 2004,James D Winefordner,a prestigious an alytical scientist,crowned LIBS as a'future superstar5 for chemical analysis[5],marking the great potential of LIBS.However,on the way of fully commercialization and industrialization,LIBS is facing three big challenges:(1)to improve the quantitative analysis performance,particularly the repeatability and reproducibility performance;(2)to reduce the instrumental cost;(3)to improve the long-term stability and robustness for industrial applications.To finally transform LIBS from'future superstar,to'superstar5,joint effort of worldwide LIBS community is needed[6].
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea through WCU(R31-2009-000-10083-0)
文摘The effect of external constraints on Li diffusion in high-capacity Li-ion battery electrodes is investigated using a coupled finite deformation theory. It is found that thinfilm electrodes on rigid substrates experience much slower diffusion rates compared with free-standing films with the same material properties and geometric dimensions. More importantly, the study reveals that mechanical driving forces tend to retard diffusion in highly-constrained thin films when lithiation-induced softening is considered, in contrast to the fact that mechanical driving forces always enhance diffusion when deformation is fully elastic. The results provide further proof that nano-particles are a better design option for nextgeneration alloy-based electrodes compared with thin films.
基金The present work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China.
文摘The dislocation structure of specimens of a duplex stainless steel with precharged hydrogen has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy.The result showed the hydrogen acti- vated dislocation source on phase boundaries of ferrite/austenite and makes certain dislocations in austenite grains move.The dislocation appearances in each phase in specimens uncharged with hydrogen have been given for comparison.
基金Supported by Quarantine Industry Research Special Funds for Public Welfare Projects(201310075-2)Research Project of General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine(2012IK276)Changzhou Science and Technology Project(CJ20120027,CJ20130036)~~
文摘Dendroctonus spp. is one of the most portable pests in imported and ex- ported timber and wooden packages, and it is an important object of the port quarantine. Making rapid and accurate identification of Dendroctonus spp. is an im- portant method to reduce the invasion risk of Dendroctonus spp. for China. In this paper, Dendroctonus punctatus, which belongs to the Dendroctonus spp., is intro- duced in detail from the aspects of taxonomic status, biological characteristics, mor- phological characteristics and the invasion risk, providing reference for the identifica- tion of Dendroctonus punctatus in inspection and quarantine.
基金the National Natural Science Fvmdation of China (Grant No. 69872039).
文摘This paper focuses on data processing for incomplete measurement of trajectory (IMT) in aerospace measurement and control. The IMT means that the principal equipment loses the measured data during some intervals so that trajectory parameters (position, velocity, etc.) cannot be determined independently. Based on a joint model for trajectory estimation with reduced parameter, a fusion way is put forth by making full use of measured data from auxiliary equipment with lower precision. In the superposition intervals of measurement between principal and auxiliary equipment, the technique of diagnosing and estimating system errors is applied to improving the estimate precision of trajectory parameters (TP) and determining the precision after data fusion. In practical test, this method operates so successfully that it can not only provide complete TP but improve their precision remarkably. Meanwhile, this way is also applicable to other problems of incomplete measurement.
文摘The performance of functional materials and specifically energy-related functional materials,such as fuel cells,solar cells,batteries and catalysts depends on the their local,nanoscale properties.However,heterogeneities in the phase,structure and composition of these functional materials makes it difficult to directly monitor and identify the influence of local physicochemical parameters on their global functionality.In this review we will discuss recent developments in the field of IR nanospectroscopy that enables the extraction of detailed chemical information at the nanoscale and the identification of nanoscale properties that influence the global performances of functional materials.Specifically,we will discuss the ways by which infrared (IR) nanospectroscopy techniques,namely photo thermal induced resonance (PTIR) and scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM),are utilized in order to identify nanoscale properties and their influence on the functionality of halide-perovskite solar cells and catalytic nanoparticles.In the last part of this review we will address the technical challenges and opportunities in expanding the scope of IR nanospectroscopy measurements into the field of electrochemistry-based functional materials.
基金supported partly by NSF of China (No. 10571015)SRFDP of China (No. 20050027025)+2 种基金supported by the U.S. NSF (Grant DMS No. 0500853)supported partly by NSF of China (No. 10771054)supported by NSF of China (No, 10811120558)
文摘Though the theory of one-parameter Triebel-Lizorkin and Besov spaces has been very well developed in the past decades, the multi-parameter counterpart of such a theory is still absent. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a theory of multi-parameter Triebel-Lizorkin and Besov spaces using the discrete Littlewood-Paley-Stein analysis in the setting of implicit multi-parameter structure. It is motivated by the recent work of Han and Lu in which they established a satisfactory theory of multi-parameter Littlewood-Paley-Stein analysis and Hardy spaces associated with the flag singular integral operators studied by Muller-Ricci-Stein and Nagel-Ricci-Stein. We also prove the boundedness of flag singular integral operators on Triebel-Lizorkin space and Besov space. Our methods here can be applied to develop easily the theory of multi-parameter Triebel-Lizorkin and Besov spaces in the pure product setting.
