Bohr’s principle of complementarity has a long history and it is an important topic in quantum theory,among which the famous example is the duality relation.The relation between visibilityC and distinguishability D,C...Bohr’s principle of complementarity has a long history and it is an important topic in quantum theory,among which the famous example is the duality relation.The relation between visibilityC and distinguishability D,C2+D2≤1,has long been recognized as the only representative of the duality relation.However,recent researches have shown that this inequality is not good enough because it is not tight for multipath interferometers.Meanwhile,a tight bound for the multipath interferometer has been put forward.Here we design and experimentally implement a three-path interferometer coupling with path indicator states.The wave property of photons is characterized by l1-norm coherence measure,and the particle property is based on distinguishability of the indicator states.The new duality relation of the three-path interferometer is demonstrated in our experiment,which bounds the union of a right triangle and a part of elliptical area inside the quadrant of a unit circle.Data analysis confirms that the new bound is tight for photons in three-path interferometers.展开更多
In this study,we perform a cosmological-model-independent test on the cosmic distance duality relation(CDDR)by comparing the angular diameter distance(ADD)obtained from the compact radio quasars(QSOs)with the luminosi...In this study,we perform a cosmological-model-independent test on the cosmic distance duality relation(CDDR)by comparing the angular diameter distance(ADD)obtained from the compact radio quasars(QSOs)with the luminosity distance(LD)obtained from the Pantheon+Type Ia supernovae(SNIa)sample.The binning method and artificial neural network are employed to match ADD data with LD data at the same redshift,and three different parameterizations are adopted to quantify possible deviations from the CDDR.We initially investigate the effects of specific prior values for the absolute magnitude M_(B)from SNIa and linear size scaling factor l from QSOs on the CDDR test.The results demonstrate that these prior values introduce significant biases in the CDDR test.To avoid the biases,we propose a method independent of M_(B)and l to test the CDDR,which treats the fiducial value of a new variable κ≡10M_(B)/5 l as a nuisance parameter and then marginalize its impact with a flat prior in the statistical analysis.The results show that the CDDR is consistent with the observational data,and QSOs can serve as a powerful tool for testing the CDDR independent of cosmological models.展开更多
The cosmic distance duality relation(DDR),which links the angular-diameter and luminosity distances,is a cornerstone in modern cosmology.Any deviation from DDR may indicate new physics beyond the standard cosmological...The cosmic distance duality relation(DDR),which links the angular-diameter and luminosity distances,is a cornerstone in modern cosmology.Any deviation from DDR may indicate new physics beyond the standard cosmological model.In this study,we used four high-precision time-delayed strong gravitational lensing(SGL)systems provided by HOLiCOW to test the validity of DDR.To this end,we directly compared the angular-diameter distances from these SGL systems with the luminosity distances from the latest Pantheon+compilation of SNe Ia.To reduce the statistical errors arising from redshift matching,a Gaussian process method was applied to reconstruct the distance-redshift relation from the Pantheon+dataset.We parameterized the possible violation of DDR in three different models.All results confirm the validity of DDR at 1σ confidence level.Additionally,Monte Carlo simulations based on the future LSST survey indicated that the precision of DDR could reach the 10^(-2) level with 100 SGL systems.展开更多
The cosmic distance duality relation(DDR)is constrained by a combination of type-Ⅰa supernovae(SNe la)and strong gravitational lensing(SGL)systems using the deep learning method.To make use of the full SGL data,we re...The cosmic distance duality relation(DDR)is constrained by a combination of type-Ⅰa supernovae(SNe la)and strong gravitational lensing(SGL)systems using the deep learning method.To make use of the full SGL data,we reconstruct the luminosity distance from SNeⅠa up to the highest redshift of SGL using deep learning,and then,this luminosity distance is compared with the angular diameter distance obtained from SGL.Considering the influence of the lens mass profile,we constrain the possible violation of the DDR in three lens mass models.The results show that.in the singular isothermal sphere and extended power-law models,the DDR is violated at a high confidence level,with the violation parameterη0=-0.193-0.019+0.021andη0=-0.247-0.013+0.014,respectively.In the power-law model,however,the DDR is verified within a 1σconfidence level,with the violation parameterη0=-0.014-0.045+0.053.Our results demonstrate that the constraints on the DDR strongly depend on the lens mass models.Given a specific lens mass model,the DDR can be constrained at a precision of O(10-2)using deep learning.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2016YFA0302700 and 2017YFA0304100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11822408,11674304,11774335,61490711,11474267,11821404,11325419,11904356,and 91321313)+5 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2017492)the Foundation for Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.YJKYYQ20170032)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDY-SSW-SLH003),the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant Nos.WK2470000026 and WK2030000008)Science Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.ZDRW-XH-2019-1),Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies,China(Grant Nos.AHY020100,AHYPT003,and AHY060300)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents of China(Grant No.BX20180293)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2018M640587).
文摘Bohr’s principle of complementarity has a long history and it is an important topic in quantum theory,among which the famous example is the duality relation.The relation between visibilityC and distinguishability D,C2+D2≤1,has long been recognized as the only representative of the duality relation.However,recent researches have shown that this inequality is not good enough because it is not tight for multipath interferometers.Meanwhile,a tight bound for the multipath interferometer has been put forward.Here we design and experimentally implement a three-path interferometer coupling with path indicator states.The wave property of photons is characterized by l1-norm coherence measure,and the particle property is based on distinguishability of the indicator states.The new duality relation of the three-path interferometer is demonstrated in our experiment,which bounds the union of a right triangle and a part of elliptical area inside the quadrant of a unit circle.Data analysis confirms that the new bound is tight for photons in three-path interferometers.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12375045,12305056,12105097,12205093)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(12JJA001,2020JJ4284)+1 种基金Natural Science Research Project of Education Department of Anhui Province(2022AH051634)Science Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(21A0297)。
文摘In this study,we perform a cosmological-model-independent test on the cosmic distance duality relation(CDDR)by comparing the angular diameter distance(ADD)obtained from the compact radio quasars(QSOs)with the luminosity distance(LD)obtained from the Pantheon+Type Ia supernovae(SNIa)sample.The binning method and artificial neural network are employed to match ADD data with LD data at the same redshift,and three different parameterizations are adopted to quantify possible deviations from the CDDR.We initially investigate the effects of specific prior values for the absolute magnitude M_(B)from SNIa and linear size scaling factor l from QSOs on the CDDR test.The results demonstrate that these prior values introduce significant biases in the CDDR test.To avoid the biases,we propose a method independent of M_(B)and l to test the CDDR,which treats the fiducial value of a new variable κ≡10M_(B)/5 l as a nuisance parameter and then marginalize its impact with a flat prior in the statistical analysis.The results show that the CDDR is consistent with the observational data,and QSOs can serve as a powerful tool for testing the CDDR independent of cosmological models.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China(12275034,12347101)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(2024CDJXY-022)。
文摘The cosmic distance duality relation(DDR),which links the angular-diameter and luminosity distances,is a cornerstone in modern cosmology.Any deviation from DDR may indicate new physics beyond the standard cosmological model.In this study,we used four high-precision time-delayed strong gravitational lensing(SGL)systems provided by HOLiCOW to test the validity of DDR.To this end,we directly compared the angular-diameter distances from these SGL systems with the luminosity distances from the latest Pantheon+compilation of SNe Ia.To reduce the statistical errors arising from redshift matching,a Gaussian process method was applied to reconstruct the distance-redshift relation from the Pantheon+dataset.We parameterized the possible violation of DDR in three different models.All results confirm the validity of DDR at 1σ confidence level.Additionally,Monte Carlo simulations based on the future LSST survey indicated that the precision of DDR could reach the 10^(-2) level with 100 SGL systems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China(11873001 and 12147102)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(2022CDJXY-002)。
文摘The cosmic distance duality relation(DDR)is constrained by a combination of type-Ⅰa supernovae(SNe la)and strong gravitational lensing(SGL)systems using the deep learning method.To make use of the full SGL data,we reconstruct the luminosity distance from SNeⅠa up to the highest redshift of SGL using deep learning,and then,this luminosity distance is compared with the angular diameter distance obtained from SGL.Considering the influence of the lens mass profile,we constrain the possible violation of the DDR in three lens mass models.The results show that.in the singular isothermal sphere and extended power-law models,the DDR is violated at a high confidence level,with the violation parameterη0=-0.193-0.019+0.021andη0=-0.247-0.013+0.014,respectively.In the power-law model,however,the DDR is verified within a 1σconfidence level,with the violation parameterη0=-0.014-0.045+0.053.Our results demonstrate that the constraints on the DDR strongly depend on the lens mass models.Given a specific lens mass model,the DDR can be constrained at a precision of O(10-2)using deep learning.
