In this paper, we give the dual processes for superprocesses in random environments constructed by L Mytnik and the comparison theorem of these superprocesses with Dawson-Watanabe superprocesses.
Classical management accounting(MA)Focusing on the facilitating perspective,focuses on decision facilitating and influencing(Demski&Feltham,1976).MA has to provide information to managers and depending on the prob...Classical management accounting(MA)Focusing on the facilitating perspective,focuses on decision facilitating and influencing(Demski&Feltham,1976).MA has to provide information to managers and depending on the problem complexity,they have to solve problems in a dyadic way.A dual process model,the heuristic systematic model(HSM),expands this so-called manager-accountant-dyad and shows different cases of actual human information processing.Managers and accountants either process systematically or heuristically.So far,many concepts have been designed in relation to the normative concept of the economical rational principle.Consequently,recent research only uses systematic information processing,based on the principle of the economic man.In this paper,a decision-behavior oriented approach tries to describe actual decision makers such as managers and accountants and shows new possibilities within MA.Therefore,the potential of heuristic information processing is analyzed,based on the phenomenon of ecological rationality as one shape of bounded rationality.Thus,different cognitive heuristics in business economics are identified and analyzed.Furthermore,the outstanding performance of heuristics compared with more complex calculations is shown.Unfortunately,these findings have been limited to marketing and investments so far.Significant research is needed,regarding conditions for applications and success factors of heuristics in business economics.New empirical findings have to be explicitly transferred to MA.展开更多
This text combined actual teaching to conduct the discussion on how to innovate a pair of course to control the writing to train, explain the understanding of teaching method of pair of course of this text, summarize ...This text combined actual teaching to conduct the discussion on how to innovate a pair of course to control the writing to train, explain the understanding of teaching method of pair of course of this text, summarize the concrete method from 7 respects, expect to exchange in launching a pair of course and controlling the concrete operation that the writing trains with everybody, share the teaching experience and realize, by improving and upgrading the teaching level of writing of English. This text thinks that it reflects that innovative thinking is in teaching to innovate and experience the course, the activity course of teaching should not understand analyzing the content of the teaching material and proposition composition are practised, but run through its cognition in experiencing the course dynamically in the real classroom, course, experience, interdynamic, teachers and students participate in teaching new idea and spiritual essence of study together.展开更多
This paper introduces a computational cognitive architecture that serves as a comprehensive computational theory of the human mind,from cognitive science and computational psychology.The cognitive architecture(named C...This paper introduces a computational cognitive architecture that serves as a comprehensive computational theory of the human mind,from cognitive science and computational psychology.The cognitive architecture(named Clarion)has been justified by,and validated against,psychological data,findings,and theoretical constructs.One important theoretical background for it is the dual-process theories,which led to its overall two-level structuring in a hybrid neuro-symbolic way.Furthermore,given the recent advances in AI and computing technology,LLMs are being incorporated into the model to better capture human intuition and instinct(and implicit processes in general),in order to further enhance Clarion.Integrating Clarion and LLMs can also help to develop AI systems that are more capable,more reliable,and more human-like.Overall,the paper advocates a multidisciplinary approach towards developing better models for cognitive science and for AI.展开更多
Previous studies have demonstrated the possibility that when people are in standing rather than sitting postures,they have a stronger cognitive control propensity,making them inclined to agree more to sacrificing one ...Previous studies have demonstrated the possibility that when people are in standing rather than sitting postures,they have a stronger cognitive control propensity,making them inclined to agree more to sacrificing one innocent person and saving more people.Furthermore,this postural effect can be moderated by dual processes.In three studies,participants read dilemma scenarios followed by a proposed behavior to sacrifice one innocent person and save five or more people.The participants in sitting or standing postures were asked whether the described action was morally acceptable(moral judgment)and whether they would perform the described action(moral action).The results demonstrated that participants were more approving of the behavioral proposal in the moral action perspective than in the moral judgment perspective across the three studies.The hypothesized postural effect was found in a field study(Study 1)and replicated in a preregistered replication study(Study 2),and was further supported in an experimental study(Study 3).Compared with those in sitting postures,participants in standing postures expressed higher approval of the behavioral proposal compared to their sitting counterparts.Furthermore,the postural effect was dismissed when participants made moral decisions with a dual task to increase cognitive load,and it was reversed when they made moral decisions after deliberate consideration of the behavioral proposal(Study 3).The present research supports and extends the dual-process morality theory by demonstrating that body posture can affect moral decision-making;it also offers novel evidence revealing the moderating role of dual process on embodiment effects.It enriches our knowledge that morality is evolutionarily embodied in postures and that the dual process can moderate embodiment effects.展开更多
A C–Mn dual-phase steel was soaked at 800°C for 90 s and then either rapidly cooled to 450°C and held for 30 s(process A) or rapidly cooled to 350°C and then reheated to 450°C(process B) to simula...A C–Mn dual-phase steel was soaked at 800°C for 90 s and then either rapidly cooled to 450°C and held for 30 s(process A) or rapidly cooled to 350°C and then reheated to 450°C(process B) to simulate the hot-dip galvanizing process. The influence of the hot-dip galvanizing process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 600-MPa hot-dip galvanized dual-phase steel(DP600) was investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and tensile tests. The results showed that, in the case of process A, the microstructure of DP600 was composed of ferrite, martensite, and a small amount of bainite. The granular bainite was formed in the hot-dip galvanizing stage, and martensite islands were formed in the final cooling stage after hot-dip galvanizing. By contrast, in the case of process B, the microstructure of the DP600 was composed of ferrite, martensite, bainite, and cementite. In addition, compared with the yield strength(YS) of the DP600 annealed by process A, that for the DP600 annealed by process B increased by approximately 50 MPa because of the tempering of the martensite formed during rapid cooling. The work-hardening coefficient(n value) of the DP600 steel annealed by process B clearly decreased because the increase of the YS affected the computation result for the n value. However, the ultimate tensile strength(UTS) and elongation(A80) of the DP600 annealed by process B exhibited less variation compared with those of the DP600 annealed by process A. Therefore, DP600 with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties(YS = 362 MPa, UTS = 638 MPa, A_(80) = 24.3%, n = 0.17) was obtained via process A.展开更多
Cerium dioxide, CeO2, is a potentially superior material in a myriad of areas, and many methods have been proposed to deposit single crystal CeO2 thin films. A novel fabrication technique utilizing dual plasma generat...Cerium dioxide, CeO2, is a potentially superior material in a myriad of areas, and many methods have been proposed to deposit single crystal CeO2 thin films. A novel fabrication technique utilizing dual plasma generated by metal vacuum arc (MEVVA) and radio frequency (RF) is discussed in this paper. We have recently conducted a systematic investigation to determine the optimal process window to deposit CeO2 thin films'on Si(100) substrates. The X-ray diffraction results show the existence of CeO2(100) in the as-deposited sample.展开更多
Sorting an array of objects such as integers, bytes, floats, etc is considered as one of the most important problems in Computer Science. Quicksort is an effective and wide studied sorting algorithm to sort an array o...Sorting an array of objects such as integers, bytes, floats, etc is considered as one of the most important problems in Computer Science. Quicksort is an effective and wide studied sorting algorithm to sort an array of n distinct elements using a single pivot. Recently, a modified version of the classical Quicksort was chosen as standard sorting algorithm for Oracles Java 7 routine library due to Vladimir Yaroslavskiy. The purpose of this paper is to present the different behavior of the classical Quicksort and the Dual-pivot Quicksort in complexity. In Particular, we discuss the convergence of the Dual-pivot Quicksort process by using the contraction method. Moreover we show the distribution of the number of comparison done by the duality process converges to a unique fixed point.展开更多
Stuttering is a common neurological deficit and its underlying cognitive mechanisms are a matter of debate, with evidence suggesting abnormal modulation between speech encoding and other cognitive components. Previous...Stuttering is a common neurological deficit and its underlying cognitive mechanisms are a matter of debate, with evidence suggesting abnormal modulation between speech encoding and other cognitive components. Previous studies have mainly used single task experiments to investigate the disturbance of language production. It is unclear whether there is abnormal interaction between the three language tasks （orthographic, phonological and semantic judgment） in stuttering patients. This study used dual tasks and manipulated the stimulus onset asynchrony （SOA） between tasks 1 and 2 and the nature of the second task, including orthographic, phonological, and semantic judgments. The results showed that the performance records of orthographic judgment, phonological judgment, and semantic judgment were significantly reduced between the patient and control groups with short SOA （P 〈 0.05）. However, different patterns of interaction between task 2 and SOA were observed across subject groups： subjects with stuttering were more strongly modulated by SOA when the second task was semantic judgment or phonological judgment （P 〈 0.05）, but not in the orthographic judgment experiment （P 〉 0.05）. These results indicated that the interaction mechanism between semantic processing and phonological encoding might be an underlying cause for stuttering.展开更多
论文针对一例在恋人自杀后呈现哀伤症状的同性恋大学生,进行了认知行为疗法(CBT)取向的个案概念化,并探讨了整合CBT与双程模型(Dual Process Model,DPM)以制定干预方案的临床价值。本研究采用个案研究法,基于CBT与DPM整合框架对来访者...论文针对一例在恋人自杀后呈现哀伤症状的同性恋大学生,进行了认知行为疗法(CBT)取向的个案概念化,并探讨了整合CBT与双程模型(Dual Process Model,DPM)以制定干预方案的临床价值。本研究采用个案研究法,基于CBT与DPM整合框架对来访者实施了三个阶段、共计9次的个体咨询;过程中,采用抑郁自评量表(PHQ-9)、焦虑自评分量表(DASS分量表)、复杂哀伤问卷(ICG)、创伤后应激障碍问卷(PCL-5)和治疗效果评定量表(ORS)评估咨询前后及过程的情绪变化,采用会谈评定量表(SRS)检验会谈质量。研究结果显示,来访者在抑郁、焦虑、哀伤反应与创伤后应激风险四项指标上分别下降64%、47%、38%与61%,整体功能显著改善。本研究验证了CBT与DPM整合干预在中国大学生哀伤辅导中的有效性,并强调咨询师的文化胜任力与跨学科协作能力在校园性少数群体心理服务中具有关键作用。展开更多
文摘In this paper, we give the dual processes for superprocesses in random environments constructed by L Mytnik and the comparison theorem of these superprocesses with Dawson-Watanabe superprocesses.
文摘Classical management accounting(MA)Focusing on the facilitating perspective,focuses on decision facilitating and influencing(Demski&Feltham,1976).MA has to provide information to managers and depending on the problem complexity,they have to solve problems in a dyadic way.A dual process model,the heuristic systematic model(HSM),expands this so-called manager-accountant-dyad and shows different cases of actual human information processing.Managers and accountants either process systematically or heuristically.So far,many concepts have been designed in relation to the normative concept of the economical rational principle.Consequently,recent research only uses systematic information processing,based on the principle of the economic man.In this paper,a decision-behavior oriented approach tries to describe actual decision makers such as managers and accountants and shows new possibilities within MA.Therefore,the potential of heuristic information processing is analyzed,based on the phenomenon of ecological rationality as one shape of bounded rationality.Thus,different cognitive heuristics in business economics are identified and analyzed.Furthermore,the outstanding performance of heuristics compared with more complex calculations is shown.Unfortunately,these findings have been limited to marketing and investments so far.Significant research is needed,regarding conditions for applications and success factors of heuristics in business economics.New empirical findings have to be explicitly transferred to MA.
文摘This text combined actual teaching to conduct the discussion on how to innovate a pair of course to control the writing to train, explain the understanding of teaching method of pair of course of this text, summarize the concrete method from 7 respects, expect to exchange in launching a pair of course and controlling the concrete operation that the writing trains with everybody, share the teaching experience and realize, by improving and upgrading the teaching level of writing of English. This text thinks that it reflects that innovative thinking is in teaching to innovate and experience the course, the activity course of teaching should not understand analyzing the content of the teaching material and proposition composition are practised, but run through its cognition in experiencing the course dynamically in the real classroom, course, experience, interdynamic, teachers and students participate in teaching new idea and spiritual essence of study together.
文摘This paper introduces a computational cognitive architecture that serves as a comprehensive computational theory of the human mind,from cognitive science and computational psychology.The cognitive architecture(named Clarion)has been justified by,and validated against,psychological data,findings,and theoretical constructs.One important theoretical background for it is the dual-process theories,which led to its overall two-level structuring in a hybrid neuro-symbolic way.Furthermore,given the recent advances in AI and computing technology,LLMs are being incorporated into the model to better capture human intuition and instinct(and implicit processes in general),in order to further enhance Clarion.Integrating Clarion and LLMs can also help to develop AI systems that are more capable,more reliable,and more human-like.Overall,the paper advocates a multidisciplinary approach towards developing better models for cognitive science and for AI.
基金supported by National Social Science Foundation of China Grant 18BSH114Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program Grant 2017THZWYY11.
文摘Previous studies have demonstrated the possibility that when people are in standing rather than sitting postures,they have a stronger cognitive control propensity,making them inclined to agree more to sacrificing one innocent person and saving more people.Furthermore,this postural effect can be moderated by dual processes.In three studies,participants read dilemma scenarios followed by a proposed behavior to sacrifice one innocent person and save five or more people.The participants in sitting or standing postures were asked whether the described action was morally acceptable(moral judgment)and whether they would perform the described action(moral action).The results demonstrated that participants were more approving of the behavioral proposal in the moral action perspective than in the moral judgment perspective across the three studies.The hypothesized postural effect was found in a field study(Study 1)and replicated in a preregistered replication study(Study 2),and was further supported in an experimental study(Study 3).Compared with those in sitting postures,participants in standing postures expressed higher approval of the behavioral proposal compared to their sitting counterparts.Furthermore,the postural effect was dismissed when participants made moral decisions with a dual task to increase cognitive load,and it was reversed when they made moral decisions after deliberate consideration of the behavioral proposal(Study 3).The present research supports and extends the dual-process morality theory by demonstrating that body posture can affect moral decision-making;it also offers novel evidence revealing the moderating role of dual process on embodiment effects.It enriches our knowledge that morality is evolutionarily embodied in postures and that the dual process can moderate embodiment effects.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.U1360202,51472030,and 51502014)
文摘A C–Mn dual-phase steel was soaked at 800°C for 90 s and then either rapidly cooled to 450°C and held for 30 s(process A) or rapidly cooled to 350°C and then reheated to 450°C(process B) to simulate the hot-dip galvanizing process. The influence of the hot-dip galvanizing process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 600-MPa hot-dip galvanized dual-phase steel(DP600) was investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and tensile tests. The results showed that, in the case of process A, the microstructure of DP600 was composed of ferrite, martensite, and a small amount of bainite. The granular bainite was formed in the hot-dip galvanizing stage, and martensite islands were formed in the final cooling stage after hot-dip galvanizing. By contrast, in the case of process B, the microstructure of the DP600 was composed of ferrite, martensite, bainite, and cementite. In addition, compared with the yield strength(YS) of the DP600 annealed by process A, that for the DP600 annealed by process B increased by approximately 50 MPa because of the tempering of the martensite formed during rapid cooling. The work-hardening coefficient(n value) of the DP600 steel annealed by process B clearly decreased because the increase of the YS affected the computation result for the n value. However, the ultimate tensile strength(UTS) and elongation(A80) of the DP600 annealed by process B exhibited less variation compared with those of the DP600 annealed by process A. Therefore, DP600 with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties(YS = 362 MPa, UTS = 638 MPa, A_(80) = 24.3%, n = 0.17) was obtained via process A.
基金The work was supported by Hong Kong RGC CERG9040344 and 9040412, RGC / Germany Joint Schemes9050084 and 9050150, and CityU S
文摘Cerium dioxide, CeO2, is a potentially superior material in a myriad of areas, and many methods have been proposed to deposit single crystal CeO2 thin films. A novel fabrication technique utilizing dual plasma generated by metal vacuum arc (MEVVA) and radio frequency (RF) is discussed in this paper. We have recently conducted a systematic investigation to determine the optimal process window to deposit CeO2 thin films'on Si(100) substrates. The X-ray diffraction results show the existence of CeO2(100) in the as-deposited sample.
文摘Sorting an array of objects such as integers, bytes, floats, etc is considered as one of the most important problems in Computer Science. Quicksort is an effective and wide studied sorting algorithm to sort an array of n distinct elements using a single pivot. Recently, a modified version of the classical Quicksort was chosen as standard sorting algorithm for Oracles Java 7 routine library due to Vladimir Yaroslavskiy. The purpose of this paper is to present the different behavior of the classical Quicksort and the Dual-pivot Quicksort in complexity. In Particular, we discuss the convergence of the Dual-pivot Quicksort process by using the contraction method. Moreover we show the distribution of the number of comparison done by the duality process converges to a unique fixed point.
基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2001,#14the Capital Medical Development Science Research Program,No.2005-2003
文摘Stuttering is a common neurological deficit and its underlying cognitive mechanisms are a matter of debate, with evidence suggesting abnormal modulation between speech encoding and other cognitive components. Previous studies have mainly used single task experiments to investigate the disturbance of language production. It is unclear whether there is abnormal interaction between the three language tasks （orthographic, phonological and semantic judgment） in stuttering patients. This study used dual tasks and manipulated the stimulus onset asynchrony （SOA） between tasks 1 and 2 and the nature of the second task, including orthographic, phonological, and semantic judgments. The results showed that the performance records of orthographic judgment, phonological judgment, and semantic judgment were significantly reduced between the patient and control groups with short SOA （P 〈 0.05）. However, different patterns of interaction between task 2 and SOA were observed across subject groups： subjects with stuttering were more strongly modulated by SOA when the second task was semantic judgment or phonological judgment （P 〈 0.05）, but not in the orthographic judgment experiment （P 〉 0.05）. These results indicated that the interaction mechanism between semantic processing and phonological encoding might be an underlying cause for stuttering.
文摘论文针对一例在恋人自杀后呈现哀伤症状的同性恋大学生,进行了认知行为疗法(CBT)取向的个案概念化,并探讨了整合CBT与双程模型(Dual Process Model,DPM)以制定干预方案的临床价值。本研究采用个案研究法,基于CBT与DPM整合框架对来访者实施了三个阶段、共计9次的个体咨询;过程中,采用抑郁自评量表(PHQ-9)、焦虑自评分量表(DASS分量表)、复杂哀伤问卷(ICG)、创伤后应激障碍问卷(PCL-5)和治疗效果评定量表(ORS)评估咨询前后及过程的情绪变化,采用会谈评定量表(SRS)检验会谈质量。研究结果显示,来访者在抑郁、焦虑、哀伤反应与创伤后应激风险四项指标上分别下降64%、47%、38%与61%,整体功能显著改善。本研究验证了CBT与DPM整合干预在中国大学生哀伤辅导中的有效性,并强调咨询师的文化胜任力与跨学科协作能力在校园性少数群体心理服务中具有关键作用。
