[Background]High harmonic cavities are widely used in electron storage rings to lengthen thebunch,lower the bunch peak current,thereby reducing the IBS effect,enhancing the Touschek lifetime,as well asproviding Landau...[Background]High harmonic cavities are widely used in electron storage rings to lengthen thebunch,lower the bunch peak current,thereby reducing the IBS effect,enhancing the Touschek lifetime,as well asproviding Landau damping,which is particularly important for storage rings operating with ultra-low emittance or atlow beam energy.[Purpose]To further increase the bunch length without additional hardware costs,the phasemodulation in a dual-RF system is considered.[Methods]In this paper,turn-by-turn simulations incorporating randomsynchrotron radiation excitation are conducted,and a brief analysis is presented to explain the bunch lengtheningmechanism.[Results]Simulation results reveal that the peak current can be further reduced,thereby mitigating IBSeffects and enhancing the Touschek lifetime.Although the energy spread increases,which tends to reduce thebrightness of higher-harmonic radiation from the undulator,the brightness of the fundamental harmonic can,in fact,beimproved.展开更多
Microneedle technology has undergone a paradigm shift from basic transdermal drug delivery to intelligent,closed-loop theranostic systems.Hydrogel materials have emerged as core carriers due to their excellent biocomp...Microneedle technology has undergone a paradigm shift from basic transdermal drug delivery to intelligent,closed-loop theranostic systems.Hydrogel materials have emerged as core carriers due to their excellent biocompatibility,efficient drug loading capacity,and improved patient compliance.Moreover,critical bottlenecks in hydrogel microneedles,including poor mechanical strength,burst release of drugs,and delayed response to treatment,can be addressed via cross-scale integration of nanomaterials.This review systematically outlines several multiscale engineering strategies to overcome these limitations.The construction of nanotopological networks coupled with dynamic crosslinking modulation synergistically enhances the mechanical properties,stability of drug loading,and conductivity of hydrogel microneedles.Furthermore,responsive nanocarriers equipped with biosensors help establish a closed-loop linkage between monitoring and therapeutic functions.We highlight their synergistic theranostic advantages in scenarios such as wound regulation and tumor-immune microenvironments,while revealing the role in integrating flexible electronics with wearable systems in intelligent medicine.We also summarize the research advances on the biosafety and scalable manufacturing processes of nanocomposite hydrogel m icroneedles(NHMNs),providing examples of clinical translation to elucidate the path from fundamental research to industrial implementation.As a convergence of nanotechnology,biomaterials,and flexible electronics,NHMNs provide new standards for transdermal theranostics as well as a roadmap for iterative advancement of intelligent theranostic devices in personalized medicine.Their cross-scale collaborative design,which spans from the properties of materials to the functional integration of macroscopic devices,can facilitate potential breakthroughs in next-generation closed-loop theranostic systems.展开更多
The development of solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology is pivotal for addressing global water scarcity.However,it is hindered by the difficulty in synergizing high photothermal conversion with low water ev...The development of solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology is pivotal for addressing global water scarcity.However,it is hindered by the difficulty in synergizing high photothermal conversion with low water evaporation enthalpy into a single material.Herein,we propose an iron-aldehyde-cooperative dynamic covalent anchoring strategy,successfully constructing a covalently locked,hydroxymethyl-functionalized PEDOT-PVA integrated dual-network hydrogel(MEPH).This strategy employs Fe3+to achieve the one-step in situ oxidative polymerization of hydroxymethyl EDOT while concurrently forming a physical hybrid network with PVA,which is subsequently reinforced by covalent cross-linking using glutaraldehyde.This design endows the MEPH with exceptional broadband light absorption(>99%),efficient water transport,and regulated water state within the hydrogel matrix,leading to a reduced evaporation enthalpy of 732 J·g^(−1).The resulting evaporator achieves an ultrahigh evaporation rate of 4.95 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1)under 1-sun illumination,corresponding to an energy conversion efficiency exceeding 95%,while maintaining stable,salt-resistant operation in high-salinity environments.Outdoor experiments validate its outstanding practicality for seawater and wastewater purification,with the produced freshwater significantly promoting plant growth,highlighting its great potential in sustainable agricultural water cycles.This iron-aldehyde-cooperative dynamic covalent anchoring strategy provides an innovative design paradigm for a new generation of high-performance and robust solar evaporators.展开更多
Algal blooms in eutrophic water often produce microcystins,which can lead to multi-organ dysfunction and even mortality in many organisms.Therefore,the elimination of microcystins in water is an urgent issue that need...Algal blooms in eutrophic water often produce microcystins,which can lead to multi-organ dysfunction and even mortality in many organisms.Therefore,the elimination of microcystins in water is an urgent issue that needs to be addressed.Herein,we develop a dual defect engineering strategy to construct graphite-like carbon nitride with N vacancies and-C≡N groups(NgCN)nanosheets for microcystin-LR(MC-LR)photodegradation.According to our theoretical calculations and actual findings,the NgCN nanosheets enhanced recyclability for the removal of MC-LR while also demonstrating outstanding photocatalytic efficacy,significantly surpassing the graphite-like carbon nitride under visible light,which is ascribed to efficient charge separation as well as narrowing the bandgap.Impressively,the water quality after photodegradation has been proven to be safe based on International Organization for Standardization(ISO)standards.This finding provides meaningful insights into understanding the relationship between defect engineering and photodegradation performance to design photocatalytic materials with higher activity for environmental remediation.展开更多
Artificial synthesis is an environment friendly photocatalytic strategy to converse carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into useful chemicals.However,water(H_(2)O)splitting,producing(hydrogen)H_(2) strongly,is always a competitive ...Artificial synthesis is an environment friendly photocatalytic strategy to converse carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into useful chemicals.However,water(H_(2)O)splitting,producing(hydrogen)H_(2) strongly,is always a competitive reaction to CO_(2) conversion.Therefore,proper cocatalysts are generally needed to enhance CO_(2) conversion but suppress H_(2) production.In this work,zinc/gallium(Zn/Ga)dual co-catalysts consisting of Zn0 and amorphous ZnGa_(2)O_(4) species were found to selectively produce carbon monoxide(CO)during the photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))using water(H_(2)O)as an electron donor over photocatalysts such as NaTaO_(3),Ga_(2)O_(3),and ZnGa_(2)O_(4),and in the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) over Zn0 electrodes.It is considered that there are two effects associated with the Zn/Ga dual co-catalysts:(1)a galvanic cell effect between Zn0 and amorphous ZnGa_(2)O_(4),and(2)a Z-scheme effect in NaTaO_(3)/Zn0/amorphous ZnGa_(2)O_(4).The coupling of these two effects favored the active and selective evolution of CO during the photocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) by H_(2)O.In the case of Ga_(2)O_(3) photocatalyst,480.8μmol/h of CO was produced with the presence of Zn/Ga dual cocatalysts.Moreover,the Zn/Ga dual cocatalysts universally worked in the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2).The partial current toward CO_(2) conversion was increased from 2.6 to 6.6 mA/cm,and the selectivity toward CO was promoted to from 46.4%to 74.2%.展开更多
Achieving simultaneous enhancement of crystallinity and optimal domain size remains a fundamental challenge in organic photovoltaics(OPVs),where conventional crystallization strategies often trigger excessive aggregat...Achieving simultaneous enhancement of crystallinity and optimal domain size remains a fundamental challenge in organic photovoltaics(OPVs),where conventional crystallization strategies often trigger excessive aggregation of small-molecule acceptors.This work pioneers a kinetic paradigm for resolving the crystallinity-domain size trade-off in organic photovoltaics through dual-additive-guided stepwise crystallization.By strategically pairing 1,2-dichlorobenzene(o-DCB,low binding energy to Y6)and 1-fluoronaphthalene(FN,high binding energy),we achieve temporally decoupled crystallization control:o-DCB first mediates donor-acceptor co-crystallization during film formation,constructing a metastable network,whereupon FN induces confined Y6 crystallization within this framework during thermal annealing,refining nanostructure without over-aggregation.Morphology studies reveal that this synergy enhances crystallinity of(100)diffraction peaks by 21%–10%versus single-additive controls(o-DCB/FN alone),while maintaining optimal domain size.These morphological advantages yield balanced carrier transport(μh/μe=1.23),near-unity exciton dissociation(98.53%),and a champion power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 18.08%for PM6:Y6,significantly surpassing single-additive devices(o-DCB:17.20%;FN:17.53%).Crucially,the dual-additive strategy demonstrates universal applicability across diverse active layer systems,achieving an outstanding PCE of 19.27%in PM6:L8-BO-based devices,thereby establishing a general framework for morphology control in high-efficiency OPVs.展开更多
Clock synchronization has important applications in multi-agent collaboration(such as drone light shows,intelligent transportation systems,and game AI),group decision-making,and emergency rescue operations.Synchroniza...Clock synchronization has important applications in multi-agent collaboration(such as drone light shows,intelligent transportation systems,and game AI),group decision-making,and emergency rescue operations.Synchronization method based on pulse-coupled oscillators(PCOs)provides an effective solution for clock synchronization in wireless networks.However,the existing clock synchronization algorithms in multi-agent ad hoc networks are difficult to meet the requirements of high precision and high stability of synchronization clock in group cooperation.Hence,this paper constructs a network model,named DAUNet(unsupervised neural network based on dual attention),to enhance clock synchronization accuracy in multi-agent wireless ad hoc networks.Specifically,we design an unsupervised distributed neural network framework as the backbone,building upon classical PCO-based synchronization methods.This framework resolves issues such as prolonged time synchronization message exchange between nodes,difficulties in centralized node coordination,and challenges in distributed training.Furthermore,we introduce a dual-attention mechanism as the core module of DAUNet.By integrating a Multi-Head Attention module and a Gated Attention module,the model significantly improves information extraction capabilities while reducing computational complexity,effectively mitigating synchronization inaccuracies and instability in multi-agent ad hoc networks.To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model,comparative experiments and ablation studies were conducted against classical methods and existing deep learning models.The research results show that,compared with the deep learning networks based on DASA and LSTM,DAUNet can reduce the mean normalized phase difference(NPD)by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude.Compared with the attention models based on additive attention and self-attention mechanisms,the performance of DAUNet has improved by more than ten times.This study demonstrates DAUNet’s potential in advancing multi-agent ad hoc networking technologies.展开更多
The dissolvable polysulfides and sluggish Li_2S conversion kinetics are acknowledged as two significant challenges in the application lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.Herein,we introduce a dual-doping strategy to modulat...The dissolvable polysulfides and sluggish Li_2S conversion kinetics are acknowledged as two significant challenges in the application lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.Herein,we introduce a dual-doping strategy to modulate the electronic structure of MoS_(2),thereby obtaining a multifunctional catalyst that serves as an efficient sulfur host.The W/V dual single-atomdoped MoS_(2)grown on carbon nanofibers(CMWVS)demonstrates a strong adsorption ability for lithium polysulfides,suppressing the shuttle effects.Additionally,the doping process also results in the phase transition from 2H-MoS_(2)to 1T-MoS_(2)and generates sufficient edge sulfur atoms,promoting the charge/electron transfer and enriching the reaction sites.All these merits contribute to the superior conversion reaction kinetics,leading to the outstanding Li-S battery performance.When fabricated as cathodes by compositing with sulfur,the CMWVS/S cathode delivers a high capacity of 1481.7 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C(1 C=1672 mAh g^(-1))and maintains 816.3 m Ah g^(-1)after 1000 cycles at 1.0 C,indicating outstanding cycling stability.Even under a high sulfur loading of 7.9 mg cm^(-2)and lean electrolyte conditions(E/S ratio of 9.0μL mg^(-1)),the cathode achieves a high areal capacity of 8.2 m Ah cm^(-2),showing great promise for practical Li-S battery applications.This work broadens the scope of doping strategies in transition-metal dichalcogenides by tailoring their electronic structures,providing insightful direction for the rational development of high-efficiency electrocatalysts for advanced Li-S battery applications.展开更多
The carbonylation of amines offers a promising route for synthesizing N-substituted carbamates with high atom economy.However,conventional catalysts exhibit limited catalytic efficiency,and the underlying proton trans...The carbonylation of amines offers a promising route for synthesizing N-substituted carbamates with high atom economy.However,conventional catalysts exhibit limited catalytic efficiency,and the underlying proton transfer mechanism remains elusive.Herein,we reported a metal-free,room-temperature strategy utilizing 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene(TBD)as a dual hydrogen bond catalyst to synergistically activate propylamine(PA)and dimethyl carbonate(DMC).This green catalytic system achieves a 10-fold acceleration in reaction rate compared to other hydrogen bonding catalysts under mild conditions.This is enabled by dual hydrogen bonding of TBD with PA and DMC,which facilitates rapid proton transfer and stabilizes tetrahedral intermediates.Theoretical calculations confirm that the dual hydrogen bond system significantly lowers activation energy compared to single hydrogen bond analogs.Furthermore,it was revealed that the hydrogen bonding network within the product is the primary factor responsible for the sluggish reaction rate.This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a dual hydrogen bond system in accelerating the carbonylation of amines and provides a green route to access carbamates.展开更多
The Vertical Total Electron Content(VTEC)of the ionosphere is a crucial parameter for describing the distribution and dynamic changes within the ionosphere.The study utilizes Dual Hybrid Attentional UNet(DHA-UNet)mode...The Vertical Total Electron Content(VTEC)of the ionosphere is a crucial parameter for describing the distribution and dynamic changes within the ionosphere.The study utilizes Dual Hybrid Attentional UNet(DHA-UNet)model to achieve higher forecasting performance for global VTEC predictions under the condition of data acquisition delays.Initially,this study uses the first Hybrid Attentional UNet(HA-UNet)model to predict the intermediate missing data.The missing data are caused by delays in data processing,making the Global Ionosphere Map(GIM)for the current day unavailable.Subsequently,the predicted results from the first HA-UNet model are concatenated with the input data to serve as the input data for the second HA-UNet model,yielding the final prediction results.The performance of DHA-UNet model is then evaluated under varying solar and geomagnetic activity conditions.Evaluation results demonstrate that the DHA-UNet model exhibits higher forecasting accuracy and stability compared to commonly used temporal and spatiotemporal forecasting models.Compared to CODG VTEC,the DHA-UNet model achieves Mean Absolute Error(MAE)values of 2.60 TECU,3.07 TECU,3.78 TECU,and 6.45TECU during quiet,weak,moderate,and strong geomagnetic storm periods,respectively,in years of high solar activity.In years of low solar activity,the model achieves MAE values of 1.00 TECU,1.15 TECU,and 1.54 TECU during quiet,weak,and moderate geomagnetic storm periods,respectively.Even during strong geomagnetic storms,55%of the residuals from the DHA-UNet model fall within the-5.0 TECU to 5.0 TECU range,surpassing other commonly used models.Compared to the C1PG forecasting product,the DHA-UNet model shows particularly notable improvements in accuracy during the spring and winter seasons,as well as in mid-to high-latitude regions.展开更多
Sodium-based dual-ion batteries(SDIBs)have been attracting increasing attention in recent years owing to their low cost,environmental benignancy,and high operating voltage.However,the sluggish ion kinetics of conventi...Sodium-based dual-ion batteries(SDIBs)have been attracting increasing attention in recent years owing to their low cost,environmental benignancy,and high operating voltage.However,the sluggish ion kinetics of conventional carbon anodes that cannot match the fast capacitive anion intercalation behavior of graphite cathodes constraints on improving power density of SDIBs.Herein,we present an ingenious carbon microdomain engineering strategy to fabricate high-performance carbon anode with ion-mediated high-activity nitrogen species and molecular-scale closed-pore architectures.Experimental characterizations and theoretical investigations demonstrate that Zn^(2+)-mediated structural engineering tailors oxidized nitrogen species,which proficiently accelerate the sodium-ion desolvation kinetics;meanwhile the acetate-mediated pore-forming process modulates closed pores,which synergistically afford abundant sodium storage sites for high plateau-region capacity.As a result,the optimized microdomain engineered carbon material(MEC_(3))tailored with the optimal amount of zinc acetate demonstrates an outstanding plateau-region capacity of 253 mAh g^(-1)even at 1 C,among the highest reported values.Consequently,the MEC_(3)||expanded graphite dual-ion battery exhibits an unprecedented cycling stability at high current rate,maintaining 80.6%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 10 C,among the best reports.This microdomain engineering strategy provides a new design principle for overcoming kinetic limitations of carbonaceous materials in plateau-dominated sodium storage systems.展开更多
In massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems utilizing frequency division duplexing,optimizing system performance requires user equipment(UE)to compress downlink channel state information(CSI)and transmit it...In massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems utilizing frequency division duplexing,optimizing system performance requires user equipment(UE)to compress downlink channel state information(CSI)and transmit it to the base station(BS).As the number of antennas increases,there is a significant rise in the overhead related to CSI feedback,posing considerable challenges to the precise acquisition of CSI by the BS.Existing approaches to CSI feedback utilizing deep learning techniques face challenges such as significant feedback overhead and limited precision in the reconstruction process.This study presents a novel lightweight CSI feedback framework known as the dual attention neural network(DANet).Within the DANet architecture,a dual attention module(DAM)is designed to enhance the network's performance.This DAM includes both channel attention blocks and spatial attention blocks.The channel attention blocks direct the model's focus toward channel features rich in information content while simultaneously suppressing less significant features.This approach enables the extraction of temporal correlations within the CSI matrix.The spatial attention block aids in extracting the correlation between the delay domain and the angle domain in the CSI matrix.By enhancing neural network performance,the DAM reduces information dispersion while enhancing the representation of global interactions.Simulation results demonstrate that DANet exhibits superior normalized mean square error and cosine similarity with comparable complexity compared to existing advanced CSI feedback methods.展开更多
To ensure an uninterrupted power supply,mobile power sources(MPS)are widely deployed in power grids during emergencies.Comprising mobile emergency generators(MEGs)and mobile energy storage systems(MESS),MPS are capabl...To ensure an uninterrupted power supply,mobile power sources(MPS)are widely deployed in power grids during emergencies.Comprising mobile emergency generators(MEGs)and mobile energy storage systems(MESS),MPS are capable of supplying power to critical loads and serving as backup sources during grid contingencies,offering advantages such as flexibility and high resilience through electricity delivery via transportation networks.This paper proposes a design method for a 400 V–10 kV Dual-Winding Induction Generator(DWIG)intended for MEG applications,employing an improved particle swarmoptimization(PSO)algorithmbased on a back-propagation neural network(BPNN).A parameterized finite element(FE)model of the DWIG is established to derive constraints on its dimensional parameters,thereby simplifying the optimization space.Through sensitivity analysis between temperature rise and electromagnetic loss of the DWIG,the main factors influencing the machine’s temperature are identified,and electromagnetic loss is determined as the optimization objective.To obtain an accurate fitting function between electromagnetic loss and dimensional parameters,the BPNN is employed to predict the nonlinear relationship between the optimization objective and the parameters.The Latin hypercube sampling(LHS)method is used for random sampling in the FE model analysis for training,testing,and validation,which is then applied to compute the cost function in the PSO.Based on the relationships obtained by the BPNN,the PSO algorithm evaluates the fitness and cost functions to determine the optimal design point.The proposed optimization method is validated by comparing simulation results between the initial design and the optimized design.展开更多
Lithology identificationwhile drilling technology can obtain rock information in real-time.However,traditional lithology identificationmodels often face limitations in feature extraction and adaptability to complex ge...Lithology identificationwhile drilling technology can obtain rock information in real-time.However,traditional lithology identificationmodels often face limitations in feature extraction and adaptability to complex geological conditions,limiting their accuracy in challenging environments.To address these challenges,a deep learning model for lithology identificationwhile drilling is proposed.The proposed model introduces a dual attention mechanism in the long short-term memory(LSTM)network,effectively enhancing the ability to capture spatial and channel dimension information.Subsequently,the crayfishoptimization algorithm(COA)is applied to optimize the model network structure,thereby enhancing its lithology identificationcapability.Laboratory test results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves 97.15%accuracy on the testing set,significantlyoutperforming the traditional support vector machine(SVM)method(81.77%).Field tests under actual drilling conditions demonstrate an average accuracy of 91.96%for the proposed model,representing a 14.31%improvement over the LSTM model alone.The proposed model demonstrates robust adaptability and generalization ability across diverse operational scenarios.This research offers reliable technical support for lithology identification while drilling.展开更多
To solve the problem of circulating power of dual active bridge(DAB)DC-DC converter over a wide voltage conversion ratio,this paper proposes a novel synchronous PWM(S-PWM)modulation.Existence of circulating power incr...To solve the problem of circulating power of dual active bridge(DAB)DC-DC converter over a wide voltage conversion ratio,this paper proposes a novel synchronous PWM(S-PWM)modulation.Existence of circulating power increases current stress of devices and decreases efficiency,especially under light load conditions.Several modulation methods have been proposed to overcome the problem.They can reduce or eliminate either input or output side circulating power.In contrast,S-PWM not only eliminates both sides circulating power and reduces current stress,but also achieves zero-current-switching(ZCS)turn-on for all switches and ZCS turn-off for most across the full power range.No auxiliary or snubber circuits are increased.In addition,the control can be simplified so the transmitted power is related to only one variable.The S-PWM has four cases under different gain and power conditions.The detailed operation principle and modes of DAB under S-PWM are analyzed in the paper.In addition,four modulations in literature are discussed,and corresponding comparative analyses with S-PWM are given.Finally,a laboratory prototype is built to verify advantages and effectiveness of the proposed modulation.展开更多
In recent years the crucial role of CD4^(+)T cells in tumor immunomodulation has garnered increasing recognition.While conventional cancer immunotherapy research has predominantly focused on the cytotoxic function of ...In recent years the crucial role of CD4^(+)T cells in tumor immunomodulation has garnered increasing recognition.While conventional cancer immunotherapy research has predominantly focused on the cytotoxic function of CD8+T cells,emerging evidence has now shown that CD4^(+)T cells enhance antitumor immunity by delivering co-stimulatory signals,secreting cytokines,and promoting cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)activation and display unique immunoregulatory capabilities through direct tumor cell killing or remodeling of the tumor microenvironment.The high heterogeneity and functional plasticity of CD4^(+)T cell subsets significantly influence clinical responses to immunotherapy with underlying mechanisms involving multi-level regulatory networks,including epigenetic modulation and metabolic reprogramming.Deciphering the functional heterogeneity of CD4^(+)T cells and the interactions with the tumor microenvironment will provide essential mechanistic insights for next-generation immunotherapies,such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)therapies,thereby advancing personalized treatment paradigms.展开更多
The construction of spot electricity markets plays a pivotal role in power system reforms,where market clearing systems profoundly influence market efficiency and security.Current clearing systems predominantly adopt ...The construction of spot electricity markets plays a pivotal role in power system reforms,where market clearing systems profoundly influence market efficiency and security.Current clearing systems predominantly adopt a single-system architecture,with research focusing primarily on accelerating solution algorithms through techniques such as high-efficiency parallel solvers and staggered decomposition of mixed-integer programming models.Notably absent are systematic studies evaluating the adaptability of primary-backup clearing systems incontingency scenarios—a critical gap given redundant systems’expanding applications in operational environments.This paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework for analyzing dual-system adaptability,demonstrated through an in-depth case study of the Inner Mongolia power market.First,we establish the innovative“Dual-Active Heterogeneous”architecture that enables independent parallelized operation and fault-isolated redundancy.Subsequently,key performance indices are quantitatively evaluated across four critical dimensions:unit commitment decisions,generator output constraints,transmission section congestion patterns,and clearing price formation mechanisms.An integrated fuzzy evaluation methodology incorporating grey relational analysis is employed for objective indicator weighting,enabling systematic quantification of system superiority under specific grid operating states.Empirical results based on actual operational data from 200 generation units demonstrate the framework’s efficacy in guiding optimal system selection,with particularly strong performance observed during peak load periods.The proposed approach shows high generalization potential for other regional markets employing redundant clearing mechanisms—particularly those with increasing renewable penetration and associated uncertainty.展开更多
Traditional strategies for designing hyperhalogens,superatoms with exceptional electron-withdrawing capacity,rely on complex superhalogen assembly,posing significant experimental challenges.Here,we introduce a non-inv...Traditional strategies for designing hyperhalogens,superatoms with exceptional electron-withdrawing capacity,rely on complex superhalogen assembly,posing significant experimental challenges.Here,we introduce a non-invasive dual external field(DEF) approach combining solvent effects and an oriented external electric field(OEEF) to construct hyperhalogens,as demonstrated by density functional theory(DFT) calculations.Our DEF strategy proves versatile,successfully designing hyperhalogens not only in simplified Ag_n^(-) model systems but also in the experimentally synthesized Ag_(25) nanocluster.Using the 3D Ag_(19)^(-) structure as a model,we further reveal the DEF's pivotal role in O_(2) activation,where solvent-OEEF synergy induces tunable O-O bond elongation and charge transfer,proportional to field strength.Our findings establish a field-driven paradigm for hyperhalogen design that preserves native cluster composition,providing a theoretical foundation for tailoring high-performance catalysts through precise activesite modulation.展开更多
Male sexual behaviors,including mounting,intromission,and ejaculation,are not only critical for reproduction but also serve as a model for understanding how the brain orchestrates sequential motor and motivational pro...Male sexual behaviors,including mounting,intromission,and ejaculation,are not only critical for reproduction but also serve as a model for understanding how the brain orchestrates sequential motor and motivational processes.While previous studies have identified key brain regions involved in sexual behaviors,such as the medial preoptic area(MPOA)and the nucleus accumbens(NAc)[14],the neural mechanisms governing the transitions between different phases of male sexual behavior remain poorly understood.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12405168)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2024CDJXY004)。
文摘[Background]High harmonic cavities are widely used in electron storage rings to lengthen thebunch,lower the bunch peak current,thereby reducing the IBS effect,enhancing the Touschek lifetime,as well asproviding Landau damping,which is particularly important for storage rings operating with ultra-low emittance or atlow beam energy.[Purpose]To further increase the bunch length without additional hardware costs,the phasemodulation in a dual-RF system is considered.[Methods]In this paper,turn-by-turn simulations incorporating randomsynchrotron radiation excitation are conducted,and a brief analysis is presented to explain the bunch lengtheningmechanism.[Results]Simulation results reveal that the peak current can be further reduced,thereby mitigating IBSeffects and enhancing the Touschek lifetime.Although the energy spread increases,which tends to reduce thebrightness of higher-harmonic radiation from the undulator,the brightness of the fundamental harmonic can,in fact,beimproved.
基金supported by the National Key R esearch and Development Program of China(No.2023YFF0724300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32171373)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.YG2025QNB08)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.23ZR1414500).
文摘Microneedle technology has undergone a paradigm shift from basic transdermal drug delivery to intelligent,closed-loop theranostic systems.Hydrogel materials have emerged as core carriers due to their excellent biocompatibility,efficient drug loading capacity,and improved patient compliance.Moreover,critical bottlenecks in hydrogel microneedles,including poor mechanical strength,burst release of drugs,and delayed response to treatment,can be addressed via cross-scale integration of nanomaterials.This review systematically outlines several multiscale engineering strategies to overcome these limitations.The construction of nanotopological networks coupled with dynamic crosslinking modulation synergistically enhances the mechanical properties,stability of drug loading,and conductivity of hydrogel microneedles.Furthermore,responsive nanocarriers equipped with biosensors help establish a closed-loop linkage between monitoring and therapeutic functions.We highlight their synergistic theranostic advantages in scenarios such as wound regulation and tumor-immune microenvironments,while revealing the role in integrating flexible electronics with wearable systems in intelligent medicine.We also summarize the research advances on the biosafety and scalable manufacturing processes of nanocomposite hydrogel m icroneedles(NHMNs),providing examples of clinical translation to elucidate the path from fundamental research to industrial implementation.As a convergence of nanotechnology,biomaterials,and flexible electronics,NHMNs provide new standards for transdermal theranostics as well as a roadmap for iterative advancement of intelligent theranostic devices in personalized medicine.Their cross-scale collaborative design,which spans from the properties of materials to the functional integration of macroscopic devices,can facilitate potential breakthroughs in next-generation closed-loop theranostic systems.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20232ACB204002)the Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(No.20242BCC32010).
文摘The development of solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology is pivotal for addressing global water scarcity.However,it is hindered by the difficulty in synergizing high photothermal conversion with low water evaporation enthalpy into a single material.Herein,we propose an iron-aldehyde-cooperative dynamic covalent anchoring strategy,successfully constructing a covalently locked,hydroxymethyl-functionalized PEDOT-PVA integrated dual-network hydrogel(MEPH).This strategy employs Fe3+to achieve the one-step in situ oxidative polymerization of hydroxymethyl EDOT while concurrently forming a physical hybrid network with PVA,which is subsequently reinforced by covalent cross-linking using glutaraldehyde.This design endows the MEPH with exceptional broadband light absorption(>99%),efficient water transport,and regulated water state within the hydrogel matrix,leading to a reduced evaporation enthalpy of 732 J·g^(−1).The resulting evaporator achieves an ultrahigh evaporation rate of 4.95 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1)under 1-sun illumination,corresponding to an energy conversion efficiency exceeding 95%,while maintaining stable,salt-resistant operation in high-salinity environments.Outdoor experiments validate its outstanding practicality for seawater and wastewater purification,with the produced freshwater significantly promoting plant growth,highlighting its great potential in sustainable agricultural water cycles.This iron-aldehyde-cooperative dynamic covalent anchoring strategy provides an innovative design paradigm for a new generation of high-performance and robust solar evaporators.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51778618 and 52070192)the National Water Pollution Control and Treatment Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017ZX07102).
文摘Algal blooms in eutrophic water often produce microcystins,which can lead to multi-organ dysfunction and even mortality in many organisms.Therefore,the elimination of microcystins in water is an urgent issue that needs to be addressed.Herein,we develop a dual defect engineering strategy to construct graphite-like carbon nitride with N vacancies and-C≡N groups(NgCN)nanosheets for microcystin-LR(MC-LR)photodegradation.According to our theoretical calculations and actual findings,the NgCN nanosheets enhanced recyclability for the removal of MC-LR while also demonstrating outstanding photocatalytic efficacy,significantly surpassing the graphite-like carbon nitride under visible light,which is ascribed to efficient charge separation as well as narrowing the bandgap.Impressively,the water quality after photodegradation has been proven to be safe based on International Organization for Standardization(ISO)standards.This finding provides meaningful insights into understanding the relationship between defect engineering and photodegradation performance to design photocatalytic materials with higher activity for environmental remediation.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3710800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22376207)+1 种基金the Research Fund of High-Level Training Talents of“333”Project in Jiangsu provinceFunding for school-level research projects of Yancheng Institute of Technology(Nos.xjr2024008 and xjr2023055).
文摘Artificial synthesis is an environment friendly photocatalytic strategy to converse carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into useful chemicals.However,water(H_(2)O)splitting,producing(hydrogen)H_(2) strongly,is always a competitive reaction to CO_(2) conversion.Therefore,proper cocatalysts are generally needed to enhance CO_(2) conversion but suppress H_(2) production.In this work,zinc/gallium(Zn/Ga)dual co-catalysts consisting of Zn0 and amorphous ZnGa_(2)O_(4) species were found to selectively produce carbon monoxide(CO)during the photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))using water(H_(2)O)as an electron donor over photocatalysts such as NaTaO_(3),Ga_(2)O_(3),and ZnGa_(2)O_(4),and in the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) over Zn0 electrodes.It is considered that there are two effects associated with the Zn/Ga dual co-catalysts:(1)a galvanic cell effect between Zn0 and amorphous ZnGa_(2)O_(4),and(2)a Z-scheme effect in NaTaO_(3)/Zn0/amorphous ZnGa_(2)O_(4).The coupling of these two effects favored the active and selective evolution of CO during the photocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) by H_(2)O.In the case of Ga_(2)O_(3) photocatalyst,480.8μmol/h of CO was produced with the presence of Zn/Ga dual cocatalysts.Moreover,the Zn/Ga dual cocatalysts universally worked in the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2).The partial current toward CO_(2) conversion was increased from 2.6 to 6.6 mA/cm,and the selectivity toward CO was promoted to from 46.4%to 74.2%.
基金supported by the Shaanxi Provincial High level Talent Introduction Project(5113220044)the Shaanxi Outstanding Youth Project(2023-JC-JQ-33)+8 种基金the Youth Science and Technology Talent Promotion Project of Jiangsu Association for Science and Technology(TJ-2022-088)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023TQ0273,2023TQ0274,2023M742833)the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(62304181)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2023-JC-QN-0726,2025JC-YBQN-469)the GuangdongBasic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515110286,2024A1515012538)the Basic Research Programs of Taicang(TC2024JC04)the Suzhou Science and Technology Development Plan Innovation Leading Talent Project(ZXL2023183)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(G2022KY05108,G2024KY0605,G2023KY0601)and the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(2018ZD53047).
文摘Achieving simultaneous enhancement of crystallinity and optimal domain size remains a fundamental challenge in organic photovoltaics(OPVs),where conventional crystallization strategies often trigger excessive aggregation of small-molecule acceptors.This work pioneers a kinetic paradigm for resolving the crystallinity-domain size trade-off in organic photovoltaics through dual-additive-guided stepwise crystallization.By strategically pairing 1,2-dichlorobenzene(o-DCB,low binding energy to Y6)and 1-fluoronaphthalene(FN,high binding energy),we achieve temporally decoupled crystallization control:o-DCB first mediates donor-acceptor co-crystallization during film formation,constructing a metastable network,whereupon FN induces confined Y6 crystallization within this framework during thermal annealing,refining nanostructure without over-aggregation.Morphology studies reveal that this synergy enhances crystallinity of(100)diffraction peaks by 21%–10%versus single-additive controls(o-DCB/FN alone),while maintaining optimal domain size.These morphological advantages yield balanced carrier transport(μh/μe=1.23),near-unity exciton dissociation(98.53%),and a champion power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 18.08%for PM6:Y6,significantly surpassing single-additive devices(o-DCB:17.20%;FN:17.53%).Crucially,the dual-additive strategy demonstrates universal applicability across diverse active layer systems,achieving an outstanding PCE of 19.27%in PM6:L8-BO-based devices,thereby establishing a general framework for morphology control in high-efficiency OPVs.
文摘Clock synchronization has important applications in multi-agent collaboration(such as drone light shows,intelligent transportation systems,and game AI),group decision-making,and emergency rescue operations.Synchronization method based on pulse-coupled oscillators(PCOs)provides an effective solution for clock synchronization in wireless networks.However,the existing clock synchronization algorithms in multi-agent ad hoc networks are difficult to meet the requirements of high precision and high stability of synchronization clock in group cooperation.Hence,this paper constructs a network model,named DAUNet(unsupervised neural network based on dual attention),to enhance clock synchronization accuracy in multi-agent wireless ad hoc networks.Specifically,we design an unsupervised distributed neural network framework as the backbone,building upon classical PCO-based synchronization methods.This framework resolves issues such as prolonged time synchronization message exchange between nodes,difficulties in centralized node coordination,and challenges in distributed training.Furthermore,we introduce a dual-attention mechanism as the core module of DAUNet.By integrating a Multi-Head Attention module and a Gated Attention module,the model significantly improves information extraction capabilities while reducing computational complexity,effectively mitigating synchronization inaccuracies and instability in multi-agent ad hoc networks.To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model,comparative experiments and ablation studies were conducted against classical methods and existing deep learning models.The research results show that,compared with the deep learning networks based on DASA and LSTM,DAUNet can reduce the mean normalized phase difference(NPD)by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude.Compared with the attention models based on additive attention and self-attention mechanisms,the performance of DAUNet has improved by more than ten times.This study demonstrates DAUNet’s potential in advancing multi-agent ad hoc networking technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52402166)the Science and Technology Development Fund+2 种基金Macao SAR(0065/2023/AFJ,0116/2022/A3)the Australian Research Council(DE220100154)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2025A1515011120)。
文摘The dissolvable polysulfides and sluggish Li_2S conversion kinetics are acknowledged as two significant challenges in the application lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.Herein,we introduce a dual-doping strategy to modulate the electronic structure of MoS_(2),thereby obtaining a multifunctional catalyst that serves as an efficient sulfur host.The W/V dual single-atomdoped MoS_(2)grown on carbon nanofibers(CMWVS)demonstrates a strong adsorption ability for lithium polysulfides,suppressing the shuttle effects.Additionally,the doping process also results in the phase transition from 2H-MoS_(2)to 1T-MoS_(2)and generates sufficient edge sulfur atoms,promoting the charge/electron transfer and enriching the reaction sites.All these merits contribute to the superior conversion reaction kinetics,leading to the outstanding Li-S battery performance.When fabricated as cathodes by compositing with sulfur,the CMWVS/S cathode delivers a high capacity of 1481.7 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C(1 C=1672 mAh g^(-1))and maintains 816.3 m Ah g^(-1)after 1000 cycles at 1.0 C,indicating outstanding cycling stability.Even under a high sulfur loading of 7.9 mg cm^(-2)and lean electrolyte conditions(E/S ratio of 9.0μL mg^(-1)),the cathode achieves a high areal capacity of 8.2 m Ah cm^(-2),showing great promise for practical Li-S battery applications.This work broadens the scope of doping strategies in transition-metal dichalcogenides by tailoring their electronic structures,providing insightful direction for the rational development of high-efficiency electrocatalysts for advanced Li-S battery applications.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3905400)the Clean Combustion and Low-carbon Utilization of Coal,Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant No.XDA 29000000.
文摘The carbonylation of amines offers a promising route for synthesizing N-substituted carbamates with high atom economy.However,conventional catalysts exhibit limited catalytic efficiency,and the underlying proton transfer mechanism remains elusive.Herein,we reported a metal-free,room-temperature strategy utilizing 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene(TBD)as a dual hydrogen bond catalyst to synergistically activate propylamine(PA)and dimethyl carbonate(DMC).This green catalytic system achieves a 10-fold acceleration in reaction rate compared to other hydrogen bonding catalysts under mild conditions.This is enabled by dual hydrogen bonding of TBD with PA and DMC,which facilitates rapid proton transfer and stabilizes tetrahedral intermediates.Theoretical calculations confirm that the dual hydrogen bond system significantly lowers activation energy compared to single hydrogen bond analogs.Furthermore,it was revealed that the hydrogen bonding network within the product is the primary factor responsible for the sluggish reaction rate.This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a dual hydrogen bond system in accelerating the carbonylation of amines and provides a green route to access carbamates.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3904402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42474037 and U2233217)。
文摘The Vertical Total Electron Content(VTEC)of the ionosphere is a crucial parameter for describing the distribution and dynamic changes within the ionosphere.The study utilizes Dual Hybrid Attentional UNet(DHA-UNet)model to achieve higher forecasting performance for global VTEC predictions under the condition of data acquisition delays.Initially,this study uses the first Hybrid Attentional UNet(HA-UNet)model to predict the intermediate missing data.The missing data are caused by delays in data processing,making the Global Ionosphere Map(GIM)for the current day unavailable.Subsequently,the predicted results from the first HA-UNet model are concatenated with the input data to serve as the input data for the second HA-UNet model,yielding the final prediction results.The performance of DHA-UNet model is then evaluated under varying solar and geomagnetic activity conditions.Evaluation results demonstrate that the DHA-UNet model exhibits higher forecasting accuracy and stability compared to commonly used temporal and spatiotemporal forecasting models.Compared to CODG VTEC,the DHA-UNet model achieves Mean Absolute Error(MAE)values of 2.60 TECU,3.07 TECU,3.78 TECU,and 6.45TECU during quiet,weak,moderate,and strong geomagnetic storm periods,respectively,in years of high solar activity.In years of low solar activity,the model achieves MAE values of 1.00 TECU,1.15 TECU,and 1.54 TECU during quiet,weak,and moderate geomagnetic storm periods,respectively.Even during strong geomagnetic storms,55%of the residuals from the DHA-UNet model fall within the-5.0 TECU to 5.0 TECU range,surpassing other commonly used models.Compared to the C1PG forecasting product,the DHA-UNet model shows particularly notable improvements in accuracy during the spring and winter seasons,as well as in mid-to high-latitude regions.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB2402600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52125105,52572282,52472269,52273312,22309200)+3 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515010201,2024A1515012379,2024A1515011670,2023A1515011519)Guangdong Special Support Program Outstanding Young Talents in Science and Technology Innovation(2021TQ05L894)Shenzhen Science and Technology Planning Project(JSGG20220831104004008,SGDX20230116092055008,KCXST20221021111606016)the NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources&Institutional Development,Research and Innovation(B49G680115).
文摘Sodium-based dual-ion batteries(SDIBs)have been attracting increasing attention in recent years owing to their low cost,environmental benignancy,and high operating voltage.However,the sluggish ion kinetics of conventional carbon anodes that cannot match the fast capacitive anion intercalation behavior of graphite cathodes constraints on improving power density of SDIBs.Herein,we present an ingenious carbon microdomain engineering strategy to fabricate high-performance carbon anode with ion-mediated high-activity nitrogen species and molecular-scale closed-pore architectures.Experimental characterizations and theoretical investigations demonstrate that Zn^(2+)-mediated structural engineering tailors oxidized nitrogen species,which proficiently accelerate the sodium-ion desolvation kinetics;meanwhile the acetate-mediated pore-forming process modulates closed pores,which synergistically afford abundant sodium storage sites for high plateau-region capacity.As a result,the optimized microdomain engineered carbon material(MEC_(3))tailored with the optimal amount of zinc acetate demonstrates an outstanding plateau-region capacity of 253 mAh g^(-1)even at 1 C,among the highest reported values.Consequently,the MEC_(3)||expanded graphite dual-ion battery exhibits an unprecedented cycling stability at high current rate,maintaining 80.6%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 10 C,among the best reports.This microdomain engineering strategy provides a new design principle for overcoming kinetic limitations of carbonaceous materials in plateau-dominated sodium storage systems.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12005108)。
文摘In massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems utilizing frequency division duplexing,optimizing system performance requires user equipment(UE)to compress downlink channel state information(CSI)and transmit it to the base station(BS).As the number of antennas increases,there is a significant rise in the overhead related to CSI feedback,posing considerable challenges to the precise acquisition of CSI by the BS.Existing approaches to CSI feedback utilizing deep learning techniques face challenges such as significant feedback overhead and limited precision in the reconstruction process.This study presents a novel lightweight CSI feedback framework known as the dual attention neural network(DANet).Within the DANet architecture,a dual attention module(DAM)is designed to enhance the network's performance.This DAM includes both channel attention blocks and spatial attention blocks.The channel attention blocks direct the model's focus toward channel features rich in information content while simultaneously suppressing less significant features.This approach enables the extraction of temporal correlations within the CSI matrix.The spatial attention block aids in extracting the correlation between the delay domain and the angle domain in the CSI matrix.By enhancing neural network performance,the DAM reduces information dispersion while enhancing the representation of global interactions.Simulation results demonstrate that DANet exhibits superior normalized mean square error and cosine similarity with comparable complexity compared to existing advanced CSI feedback methods.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Projects of State Grid Corporation of China(Project No.J2024136).
文摘To ensure an uninterrupted power supply,mobile power sources(MPS)are widely deployed in power grids during emergencies.Comprising mobile emergency generators(MEGs)and mobile energy storage systems(MESS),MPS are capable of supplying power to critical loads and serving as backup sources during grid contingencies,offering advantages such as flexibility and high resilience through electricity delivery via transportation networks.This paper proposes a design method for a 400 V–10 kV Dual-Winding Induction Generator(DWIG)intended for MEG applications,employing an improved particle swarmoptimization(PSO)algorithmbased on a back-propagation neural network(BPNN).A parameterized finite element(FE)model of the DWIG is established to derive constraints on its dimensional parameters,thereby simplifying the optimization space.Through sensitivity analysis between temperature rise and electromagnetic loss of the DWIG,the main factors influencing the machine’s temperature are identified,and electromagnetic loss is determined as the optimization objective.To obtain an accurate fitting function between electromagnetic loss and dimensional parameters,the BPNN is employed to predict the nonlinear relationship between the optimization objective and the parameters.The Latin hypercube sampling(LHS)method is used for random sampling in the FE model analysis for training,testing,and validation,which is then applied to compute the cost function in the PSO.Based on the relationships obtained by the BPNN,the PSO algorithm evaluates the fitness and cost functions to determine the optimal design point.The proposed optimization method is validated by comparing simulation results between the initial design and the optimized design.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program for Young Scientists,Chin(Grant No.2021YFC2900400)the Sichuan-Chongqing Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Program Project,China(Grant No.2024TIAD-CYKJCXX0269)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(Grant No.52304123).
文摘Lithology identificationwhile drilling technology can obtain rock information in real-time.However,traditional lithology identificationmodels often face limitations in feature extraction and adaptability to complex geological conditions,limiting their accuracy in challenging environments.To address these challenges,a deep learning model for lithology identificationwhile drilling is proposed.The proposed model introduces a dual attention mechanism in the long short-term memory(LSTM)network,effectively enhancing the ability to capture spatial and channel dimension information.Subsequently,the crayfishoptimization algorithm(COA)is applied to optimize the model network structure,thereby enhancing its lithology identificationcapability.Laboratory test results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves 97.15%accuracy on the testing set,significantlyoutperforming the traditional support vector machine(SVM)method(81.77%).Field tests under actual drilling conditions demonstrate an average accuracy of 91.96%for the proposed model,representing a 14.31%improvement over the LSTM model alone.The proposed model demonstrates robust adaptability and generalization ability across diverse operational scenarios.This research offers reliable technical support for lithology identification while drilling.
文摘To solve the problem of circulating power of dual active bridge(DAB)DC-DC converter over a wide voltage conversion ratio,this paper proposes a novel synchronous PWM(S-PWM)modulation.Existence of circulating power increases current stress of devices and decreases efficiency,especially under light load conditions.Several modulation methods have been proposed to overcome the problem.They can reduce or eliminate either input or output side circulating power.In contrast,S-PWM not only eliminates both sides circulating power and reduces current stress,but also achieves zero-current-switching(ZCS)turn-on for all switches and ZCS turn-off for most across the full power range.No auxiliary or snubber circuits are increased.In addition,the control can be simplified so the transmitted power is related to only one variable.The S-PWM has four cases under different gain and power conditions.The detailed operation principle and modes of DAB under S-PWM are analyzed in the paper.In addition,four modulations in literature are discussed,and corresponding comparative analyses with S-PWM are given.Finally,a laboratory prototype is built to verify advantages and effectiveness of the proposed modulation.
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA0910100)Healthy Zhejiang One Million People Cohort(Grant No.K-20230085)+6 种基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82304946 and 82573745)Post-doctoral Innovative Talent Support Program(Grant No.BX2023375)567 Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LMS25H160006)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82473489)the Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.WKJ-ZJ-2202)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LBD24H290001)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82403546).
文摘In recent years the crucial role of CD4^(+)T cells in tumor immunomodulation has garnered increasing recognition.While conventional cancer immunotherapy research has predominantly focused on the cytotoxic function of CD8+T cells,emerging evidence has now shown that CD4^(+)T cells enhance antitumor immunity by delivering co-stimulatory signals,secreting cytokines,and promoting cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)activation and display unique immunoregulatory capabilities through direct tumor cell killing or remodeling of the tumor microenvironment.The high heterogeneity and functional plasticity of CD4^(+)T cell subsets significantly influence clinical responses to immunotherapy with underlying mechanisms involving multi-level regulatory networks,including epigenetic modulation and metabolic reprogramming.Deciphering the functional heterogeneity of CD4^(+)T cells and the interactions with the tumor microenvironment will provide essential mechanistic insights for next-generation immunotherapies,such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)therapies,thereby advancing personalized treatment paradigms.
基金supported by NARI Relays Electric Co.,Ltd.under the Project“Research on Evaluation of Clearing Results and Switching Criteria for Primary-Backup Systems in Electricity SpotMarkets”(Project No.CGSQ240800443).
文摘The construction of spot electricity markets plays a pivotal role in power system reforms,where market clearing systems profoundly influence market efficiency and security.Current clearing systems predominantly adopt a single-system architecture,with research focusing primarily on accelerating solution algorithms through techniques such as high-efficiency parallel solvers and staggered decomposition of mixed-integer programming models.Notably absent are systematic studies evaluating the adaptability of primary-backup clearing systems incontingency scenarios—a critical gap given redundant systems’expanding applications in operational environments.This paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework for analyzing dual-system adaptability,demonstrated through an in-depth case study of the Inner Mongolia power market.First,we establish the innovative“Dual-Active Heterogeneous”architecture that enables independent parallelized operation and fault-isolated redundancy.Subsequently,key performance indices are quantitatively evaluated across four critical dimensions:unit commitment decisions,generator output constraints,transmission section congestion patterns,and clearing price formation mechanisms.An integrated fuzzy evaluation methodology incorporating grey relational analysis is employed for objective indicator weighting,enabling systematic quantification of system superiority under specific grid operating states.Empirical results based on actual operational data from 200 generation units demonstrate the framework’s efficacy in guiding optimal system selection,with particularly strong performance observed during peak load periods.The proposed approach shows high generalization potential for other regional markets employing redundant clearing mechanisms—particularly those with increasing renewable penetration and associated uncertainty.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC,Nos.12474274,92161101)the Innovation Project of Jinan Science and Technology Bureau(No.2021GXRC032)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No.ZR2024MA091)。
文摘Traditional strategies for designing hyperhalogens,superatoms with exceptional electron-withdrawing capacity,rely on complex superhalogen assembly,posing significant experimental challenges.Here,we introduce a non-invasive dual external field(DEF) approach combining solvent effects and an oriented external electric field(OEEF) to construct hyperhalogens,as demonstrated by density functional theory(DFT) calculations.Our DEF strategy proves versatile,successfully designing hyperhalogens not only in simplified Ag_n^(-) model systems but also in the experimentally synthesized Ag_(25) nanocluster.Using the 3D Ag_(19)^(-) structure as a model,we further reveal the DEF's pivotal role in O_(2) activation,where solvent-OEEF synergy induces tunable O-O bond elongation and charge transfer,proportional to field strength.Our findings establish a field-driven paradigm for hyperhalogen design that preserves native cluster composition,providing a theoretical foundation for tailoring high-performance catalysts through precise activesite modulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32525031,32500896,32571210,and 32171233)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2025M772776 and BX20250148)+2 种基金the Sanqin Talent Special Support Program(2024STD04)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(ZR2025MS1180)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China(2019JC-07,2021TD-37,2023-ZDLSF-23,and 2024JC-YBMS-146).
文摘Male sexual behaviors,including mounting,intromission,and ejaculation,are not only critical for reproduction but also serve as a model for understanding how the brain orchestrates sequential motor and motivational processes.While previous studies have identified key brain regions involved in sexual behaviors,such as the medial preoptic area(MPOA)and the nucleus accumbens(NAc)[14],the neural mechanisms governing the transitions between different phases of male sexual behavior remain poorly understood.
