Fissured clays exhibit unique geotechnical behaviors,with the stiffness characteristics evolving dynamically in response to environmental changes.To address this issue,reported here is a systematic assessment of how d...Fissured clays exhibit unique geotechnical behaviors,with the stiffness characteristics evolving dynamically in response to environmental changes.To address this issue,reported here is a systematic assessment of how dryingewetting(DW)cycles affect the small-strain stiffness characteristics of fissured clay.Resonant column tests are taken to examine the nonlinear attenuation behavior of the small-strain shear modulus(SSSM)and damping ratio of fissured clay under various DW cycle and consolidation pressure(25e200 kPa)conditions.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and computed tomography(CT)are employed to reveal the microstructure of fissured clay.The HardineDrnevich(H-D)model is used to describe the decay law of its SSSM,and the small strain stiffness characteristics of fissured soil are analyzed in view of damage mechanics.The results show that the SSSM of the fissured clay decreases as the DWcycles increase,with the greatest attenuation at original soil state.The damping ratio exhibits an incremental trend with escalating strain and a higher number of DW cycles.Regarding damage,DW cycles can lead to the formation of microcracks in the sample,and the aggregates disperse into smaller aggregates,which then aggregates again,resulting in structural damage.The damage variables of the samples under various confining pressures and DW cycles are analyzed based on the principle of strain damage.Finally,the volume changes and the distribution of different pore sizes obtained through CT are analyzed to investigate the stiffness attenuation under DW cycles.Additionally,the study examines the propagation direction of secondary cracks induced by primary fissures,which will play an important role in reduction of the stiffness.Our investigations contribute to understanding of soil mechanics and practical applications in areas where fissured clay is prevalent.展开更多
Numerous slope failures have been reported during periods of water level fluctuations.Understanding the influence of water on the creep behavior of joints is essential for evaluating the long-term stability of slopes....Numerous slope failures have been reported during periods of water level fluctuations.Understanding the influence of water on the creep behavior of joints is essential for evaluating the long-term stability of slopes.This study focuses on the effects of drying-wetting cycles and soaking conditions on the long-term behavior of sandstone joints.A total of 12 multi-stage shear creep tests are carried out on sandstone joints subjected to varying drying-wetting cycles under both soaking and un-soaking conditions.Based on the experimental results,the influences of drying-wetting cycles as well as soaking conditions on the microstructure,shear creep displacement,strength,and failure morphologies of sandstone joints are investigated comprehensively.Results indicate that increasing drying-wetting cycles not only yields larger shear creep displacements but also leads to a negative exponential decrease in the strength of sandstone joints.Besides,soaking conditions strongly influence the creep behavior of sandstone joints.The failure strength and long-term strength of sandstone joints for soaked samples decrease by 13.6%–29.0%and 19.4%–37.5%,respectively,as compared to unsoaked samples.Furthermore,four distinct stages in the shear creep process were identified according to the results obtained from multi-stage shear creep tests and computerized tomography scans,and three creep failure modes of sandstone joints are thus determined.Finally,the influence mechanism of drying-wetting cycles and soaking conditions on the creep failure modes of sandstone joints is revealed.Drying-wetting cycles and soaking conditions diminish the influence of asperities on the shear creep behavior of joints,thereby reducing the resistance of joints to long-term deformation.展开更多
The mechanical behavior of cohesive soil is sensitized to drying-wetting cycles under confinements.However,the hydromechanical coupling effect has not been considered in current constitutive models.A macro-micro analy...The mechanical behavior of cohesive soil is sensitized to drying-wetting cycles under confinements.However,the hydromechanical coupling effect has not been considered in current constitutive models.A macro-micro analysis scheme is proposed in this paper to investigate the soil deformation behavior under the coupling of stress and drying-wetting cycles.A new device is developed based on CT(computerized tomography)workstation to apply certain normal and shear stresses on a soil specimen during drying-wetting cycles.A series of tests are conducted on a type of loess with various coupling of stress paths and drying-wetting cycles.At macroscopic level,stress sensor and laser sensor are used to acquire stress and strain,respectively.The shear and volumetric strain increase during the first few drying-wetting cycles and then become stable.The increase of the shear stress level or confining pressure would cause higher increase rate and the value of shear strain in the process of drying-wetting cycles.At microscopic level,the grayscale value(GSV)of CT scanning image is characterized as the proportion of soil particles to voids.A fabric state parameter is proposed to characterize soil microstructures under the influence of stress and drying-wetting cycle.Test results indicate that the macroand micro-responses show high consistence and relevance.The stress and drying-wetting cycles would both induce collapse of the soil microstructure,which dominants degradation of the soil mechanical properties.The evolution of the macro-mechanical property of soil exhibits a positive linear relationship with the micro-evolution of the fabric state parameter.展开更多
Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(EICP)is an emanating,eco-friendly and potentially sound technique that has presented promise in various geotechnical applications.However,the durability and microscopic character...Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(EICP)is an emanating,eco-friendly and potentially sound technique that has presented promise in various geotechnical applications.However,the durability and microscopic characteristics of EICP-treated specimens against the impact of drying-wetting(D-W)cycles is under-explored yet.This study investigates the evolution of mechanical behavior and pore charac-teristics of EICP-treated sea sand subjected to D-W cycles.The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)tests,synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography(micro-CT),and three-dimensional(3D)recon-struction of CT images were performed to study the multiscale evolution characteristics of EICP-reinforced sea sand under the effect of D-W cycles.The potential correlations between microstructure characteristics and macro-mechanical property deterioration were investigated using gray relational analysis(GRA).Results showed that the UCS of EICP-treated specimens decreases by 63.7% after 15 D-W cycles.The proportion of mesopores gradually decreases whereas the proportion of macropores in-creases due to the exfoliated calcium carbonate with increasing number of D-W cycles.The micro-structure in EICP-reinforced sea sand was gradually disintegrated,resulting in increasing pore size and development of pore shape from ellipsoidal to columnar and branched.The gray relational degree suggested that the weight loss rate and UCS deterioration were attributed to the development of branched pores with a size of 100-1000 m m under the action of D-W cycles.Overall,the results in this study provide a useful guidancee for the long-term stability and evolution characteristics of EICP-reinforced sea sand under D-W weathering conditions.展开更多
Based on seawater immersion,drying-wetting cycles,carbonation and drying-wetting cycles for coral aggregate sea-water concrete(CASC)with different strength grades,the effect of carbonation and drying-wetting cycles on...Based on seawater immersion,drying-wetting cycles,carbonation and drying-wetting cycles for coral aggregate sea-water concrete(CASC)with different strength grades,the effect of carbonation and drying-wetting cycles on chloride diffusion be-havior of CASC is studied.The results show that the free surface chloride concentration(Cs),free chloride diffusion coefficient(Df)and time-dependent index(m)of CASC in the drying-wetting cycles is obviously higher than that in seawater immersion.The Df and m of CASC of carbonation and drying-wetting cycles is higher than that in the drying-wetting cycles.Carbonation increases the Df and m of CASC,which is against CASC to resist chloride corrosion.The corrosion possibility of CASC structures in different ex-posed areas is as follows:splash zone(carbonation and drying-wetting cycles)>tidal zone(drying-wetting cycles)>underwater zone(seawater immersion).Besides,the chloride diffusion rate of C65-CASC is 17.8%-63.4%higher than that of C65-ordinary aggre-gate concrete(OAC)in seawater immersion(underwater zone).Therefore,anti-corrosion measures should be adopted to improve the service life of CASC structure in the oceanic environment.展开更多
Cracks resulting from cyclic wetting and drying of expansive soils create discontinuities and anisotropy in the soil.The representative elementary volume(REV)defined by the continuous-media theory cannot be applied to...Cracks resulting from cyclic wetting and drying of expansive soils create discontinuities and anisotropy in the soil.The representative elementary volume(REV)defined by the continuous-media theory cannot be applied to cracked expansive soils that are considered discontinuous media.In this study,direct shear tests of three different scales(30 cm^(2),900 cm^(2),1963 cm^(2))and crack image analysis were carried out on undisturbed soil samples subjected to drying-wetting cycles in-situ.The REV size of expansive soil was investigated using the crack intensity factor(CIF)and soil cohesion.The results show that soil cohesion decreased with increasing sample area,and the development of secondary cracks further exacerbated the size effect of sample on cohesion of the soil.As shrinkage cracks developed,the REV size of the soil gradually increased and plateaued after 3−5 cycles.Under the same drying-wetting cycle conditions,the REV size determined using soil cohesion(REV-C)is 1.75 to 2.97 times the REV size determined using CIF(REV-CIF).Under the influence of shrinkage cracks,the average CIF is positively correlated with the REV size determined using different maximum permissible errors,with the coefficient of correlation greater than 0.9.A method for determining the REV-C based on crack image analysis is proposed,and the REV-C of expansive soil in the study area under different exposure times is given.展开更多
The chloride ion transmission model considering diffusion and convection was established respectively for different zones in concrete by analyzing chloride ion transmission mechanism under the dryingwetting cycles. Th...The chloride ion transmission model considering diffusion and convection was established respectively for different zones in concrete by analyzing chloride ion transmission mechanism under the dryingwetting cycles. The finite difference method was adopted to solve the model. The equation of chloride ion transmission model in the convection and diffusion zone of concrete was discreted by the group explicit scheme with right single point （GER method） and the equation in diffusion zone was discreted by FTCS difference scheme. According to relative humidity characteristics in concrete under drying-wetting cycles, the seepage velocity equation was formulated based on Kelvin Equation and Darcy＇s Law. The time-variant equations of chloride ion concentration of concrete surface and the boundary surface of the convection and diffusion zone were established. Based on the software MATLAB the numerical calculation was carried out by using the model and basic material parameters from the experiments. The calculation of chloride ion concentration distribution in concrete is in good agreement with the drying-wetting cycles experiments. It can be shown that the chloride ion transmission model and the seepage velocity equation are reasonable and practical. Studies have shown that the chloride ion transmission in concrete considering convection and diffusion under the drying-wetting cycles is the better correlation with the actual situation than that only considering the diffusion.展开更多
Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(EICP)has emerged promising in various geotechnical applications,and has been presented as an alternative to the traditional cementitious materials-based ground improvement method...Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(EICP)has emerged promising in various geotechnical applications,and has been presented as an alternative to the traditional cementitious materials-based ground improvement method.However,the study on mechanical properties and disintegration behavior of EICP-reinforced sea sand subjected to drying-wetting cycles are limited.This study investigated the mechanical properties and disintegration behavior of EICP-reinforced sea sand against the impact of drying-wetting(D-W)cycles.The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)tests were performed to discuss the effect of drying-wetting cycles on the mechanical behavior of EICP-treated sea sand.The disintegration tests were conducted on EICP-treated sea sand to investigate the disintegration resistance of bio-cemented samples with various cementation levels.The microstructures of samples before and after disintegration were examined to disclose the disintegration mechanisms of EICP-reinforced sea sand.D-W cycles significantly affect the mechanical properties of EICP-reinforced sea sand,with UCS decreasing by 63.7%after undergoing 15 D-W cycles.The disintegration resistance index of specimens with a lower cementation level decreases significantly under the effect of D-W treatment.The higher disintegration resistance of specimens with higher cementation can be attributed to more crystals with better crystallinity formed in the contact point between sand particles within specimen.The crystals formed by soybean husk urease are mainly calcite and the crystallinity of spherical calcites would gradually change into larger rhombic calcite with further bio-grouting.The crystal with poor crystallinity is susceptible to the effect of D-W treatment,resulting in the obvious disintegration of EICP-reinforced sea sand.Overall,this study is expected to provide useful guidance on the long-term stability and drying-wetting disintegration mechanisms of EICP-reinforced sea sand.展开更多
Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)technique has been adopted in geotechnical engineering widely.In this study,the effect of drying-wetting cycles on MICP-recycled shredded coconut coir(RSC)reinforced calc...Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)technique has been adopted in geotechnical engineering widely.In this study,the effect of drying-wetting cycles on MICP-recycled shredded coconut coir(RSC)reinforced calcareous sand was studied,and the deterioration mechanism under drying-wetting cycles was revealed.Test results indicated that drying-wetting cycles exert an important influence on the durability of MICP-RSC reinforced specimens.With the increase of drying-wetting cycles N,the specimens demonstrated significant increase in mass loss rate and critical void ratio,decrease in maximum shear modulus,peak strength and toughness.Furthermore,an increase in the initial relative density reduced the deterioration of MICP-RSC reinforced specimens exposed to drying-wetting cycles.Higher initial relative density of the specimen correlates with an increased maximum shear modulus,peak stress and toughness,a decreased in permeability and critical void ratio.Microanalysis revealed that the generated calcium carbonate adhering to sand particles and RSC gradually dropped off with the increase of N,weakened cementation,and led to the deterioration of MICP-RSC reinforced specimens,which is consistent with the deterioration characteristics under drying-wetting cycles.展开更多
The influential depth of moisture transport in a concrete surface subject to drying-wetting cycles was analyzed numerically. The moisture transport was described by a diffusion model with different diffusivities for d...The influential depth of moisture transport in a concrete surface subject to drying-wetting cycles was analyzed numerically. The moisture transport was described by a diffusion model with different diffusivities for drying and wetting. A finite difference scheme was developed to solve the partial differential equations The influential depth was then investigated numerically for initially saturated and unsaturated concretes exposed to drying-wetting actions in marine environments using an equilibrium time ratio concept. The equilibrium time ratio was calculated numerically for a saturated condition and the moisture influential depth is shown to be a linear function of the square root of the drying time. However, this equilibrium time ratio does not exist for an unsaturated condition and the moisture influential depth depends on the initial saturation as well as the drying-wetting time ratio. The results indicate that this model gives more realistic predictions of moisture transport of in situ structural concrete and its durability.展开更多
心脏磁共振成像(cardiac magnetic resonance,CMR)过程中患者误动、异常幅度的呼吸运动、心律失常会造成CMR图像质量下降,为解决现有的CMR图像增强网络需要人为制作配对数据,且图像增强后部分组织纹理细节丢失的问题,提出了基于空频域...心脏磁共振成像(cardiac magnetic resonance,CMR)过程中患者误动、异常幅度的呼吸运动、心律失常会造成CMR图像质量下降,为解决现有的CMR图像增强网络需要人为制作配对数据,且图像增强后部分组织纹理细节丢失的问题,提出了基于空频域特征学习的循环一致性生成对抗网络(cycle-consistent generative adversavial network based on spatial-frequency domain feature learning,SFFL-CycleGAN).研究结果表明,该网络无须人为制作配对数据集,增强后的CMR图像组织纹理细节丰富,在结构相似度(structural similarity,SSIM)和峰值信噪比(peak signal to noise ratio,PSNR)等方面均优于现有的配对训练网络以及原始的CycleGAN网络,图像增强效果好,有效助力病情诊断.展开更多
In cold regions,slope rocks are inevitably impacted by freeze-thaw,dry-wet cycles and their alternating actions,leading to strength weakening and pore degradation.In this study,the mechanical and microstructural prope...In cold regions,slope rocks are inevitably impacted by freeze-thaw,dry-wet cycles and their alternating actions,leading to strength weakening and pore degradation.In this study,the mechanical and microstructural properties of schist subjected to four conditions were investigated:freeze-thaw cycles in air(FTA),freeze-thaw cycles in water(FTW),dry-wet cycles(DW),and dry-wet-freeze-thaw cycles(DWFT).Uniaxial compressive strength(UCS),water absorption,ultrasonication,low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,and scanning electron microscopy analyses were conducted.The integrity attenuation characteristics of the longitudinal wave velocity,UCS,and elastic modulus were analyzed.The results showed that liquid water emerged as a critical factor in reducing the brittleness of schist.The attenuation function model accurately described the peak stress and static elastic modulus of schist in various media(R2>0.97).Different media affected the schist deterioration and half-life,with the FTW-immersed samples having a half-life of 28 cycles.Furthermore,the longitudinal wave velocity decreased as the number of cycles increased,with the FTW showing the most significant reduction and having the shortest half-life of 208 cycles.Moreover,the damage variables of compressive strength and elastic modulus increased with the number of cycles.After 40 cycles,the schist exposed to FTW exhibited the highest damage variables and saturated water content.展开更多
China is the most important steel producer in the world,and its steel industry is one of themost carbon-intensive industries in China.Consequently,research on carbon emissions from the steel industry is crucial for Ch...China is the most important steel producer in the world,and its steel industry is one of themost carbon-intensive industries in China.Consequently,research on carbon emissions from the steel industry is crucial for China to achieve carbon neutrality and meet its sustainable global development goals.We constructed a carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission model for China’s iron and steel industry froma life cycle perspective,conducted an empirical analysis based on data from2019,and calculated the CO_(2)emissions of the industry throughout its life cycle.Key emission reduction factors were identified using sensitivity analysis.The results demonstrated that the CO_(2)emission intensity of the steel industry was 2.33 ton CO_(2)/ton,and the production and manufacturing stages were the main sources of CO_(2)emissions,accounting for 89.84%of the total steel life-cycle emissions.Notably,fossil fuel combustion had the highest sensitivity to steel CO_(2)emissions,with a sensitivity coefficient of 0.68,reducing the amount of fossil fuel combustion by 20%and carbon emissions by 13.60%.The sensitivities of power structure optimization and scrap consumption were similar,while that of the transportation structure adjustment was the lowest,with a sensitivity coefficient of less than 0.1.Given the current strategic goals of peak carbon and carbon neutrality,it is in the best interest of the Chinese government to actively promote energy-saving and low-carbon technologies,increase the ratio of scrap steel to steelmaking,and build a new power system.展开更多
GH4169 joints manufactured by Linear Friction Welding(LFW)are subjected to tensile test and stair-case method to evaluate the High Cycle Fatigue(HCF)performance at 650℃.The yield and ultimate tensile strengths are 58...GH4169 joints manufactured by Linear Friction Welding(LFW)are subjected to tensile test and stair-case method to evaluate the High Cycle Fatigue(HCF)performance at 650℃.The yield and ultimate tensile strengths are 582 MPa and 820 MPa,respectively.The HCF strength of joint reaches 400 MPa,which is slightly lower than that of Base Metal(BM),indicating reliable quality of this type of joint.The microstructure observation results show that all cracks initiate at the inside of specimens and transfer into deeper region with decrease of external stress,and the crack initiation site is related with microhardness of matrix.The Electron Backscattered Diffraction(EBSD)results of the observed regions with different distances to fracture show that plastic deformation plays a key role in HCF,and the Schmid factor of most grains near fracture exceeds 0.4.In addition,the generation of twins plays a vital role in strain concentration release and coordinating plastic deformation among grains.展开更多
Approximately 3.44 billion tons of copper mine tailings(MT)were produced globally in 2018 with an increase of 45%from 2010.Significant efforts are being made to manage these tailings through storage facilities,recycli...Approximately 3.44 billion tons of copper mine tailings(MT)were produced globally in 2018 with an increase of 45%from 2010.Significant efforts are being made to manage these tailings through storage facilities,recycling,and reuse in different industries.Currently,a large portion of tailings are managed through the tailing storage facilities(TSF)where these tailings undergo hydro-thermal-mechanical stresses with seasonal cycles which are not comprehensively understood.This study presents an investigative study to evaluate the performance of control and cement-stabilized copper MT under the influence of seasonal cycles,freeze-thaw(F-T)and wet-dry(W-D)conditions,representing the seasonal variability in the cold and arid regions.The control and cement-stabilized MT samples were subjected to a maximum of 12 F-T and 12 W-D cycles and corresponding micro-and-macro behavior was investigated through scanning electron microscope(SEM),volumetric strain(εvT,wet density(r),moisture content loss,and unconfined compressive strength(UCS)tests.The results indicated the vulnerability of Copper MT to 67%and 75%strength loss reaching residual states with 12 F-T and 8 W-D cycles,respectively.Whereas the stabilized MT retained 39%-55%and 16%-34%strength with F-T and W-D cycles,demonstrating increased durability.This research highlights the impact of seasonal cycles and corresponding strength-deformation characteristics of control and stabilized Copper MT in cold and arid regions.展开更多
Solar activity plays an important role in influencing space weather,making it important to understand numerous aspects of spatial and temporal variations in the Sun's radiative output.High-performance deep learnin...Solar activity plays an important role in influencing space weather,making it important to understand numerous aspects of spatial and temporal variations in the Sun's radiative output.High-performance deep learning models and long-term observational records of sunspot relative numbers are essential for solar cycle forecasting.Using the multivariate time series of monthly sunspot relative numbers provided by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan and two Informer-based models,we forecast the amplitude and timing of solar cycles 25 and 26.The main results are as follows:(1)The maximum amplitude of solar cycle 25 is higher than the previous solar cycle 24 and the following solar cycle 26,suggesting that the long-term oscillatory variation of sunspot magnetic fields is related to the roughly centennial Gleissberg cyclicity.(2)Solar cycles 25 and 26 exhibit a pronounced Gnevyshev gap,which might be caused by two non-coincident peaks resulting from solar magnetic flux transported by meridional circulation and mid-latitude diffusion in the convection zone.(3)Hemispheric prediction of sunspot activity reveals a significant northsouth asynchrony,with activity level of the Sun being more intense in the southern hemisphere.These results are consistent with expectations derived from precursor methods and dynamo theories,and further provide evidence for internal changes in solar magnetic field during the decay of the Modern Maximum.展开更多
The inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases(CDKs)is considered a promising strategy for cancer treatment due to their role in cell cycle regulation.However,CDK inhibitors with no selectivity among CDK families have not...The inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases(CDKs)is considered a promising strategy for cancer treatment due to their role in cell cycle regulation.However,CDK inhibitors with no selectivity among CDK families have not been approved.A CDK inhibitor with high selectivity for CDK4/6 exhibited significant treatment effects on breast cancer and has become a heavy bomb on the market.Subsequently,resistance gradually decreased the efficacy of selective CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer treatment.In this review,we first introduce the development of selective CDK4/6 inhibitors and then explain the role of CDK2 activation in inducing resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors.Moreover,we focused on the development of CDK2/4/6 inhibitors and selective CDK2 inhibitors,which will aid in the discovery of novel CDK inhibitors targeting the cell cycle in the future.展开更多
基金the financial support of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFC1509901).
文摘Fissured clays exhibit unique geotechnical behaviors,with the stiffness characteristics evolving dynamically in response to environmental changes.To address this issue,reported here is a systematic assessment of how dryingewetting(DW)cycles affect the small-strain stiffness characteristics of fissured clay.Resonant column tests are taken to examine the nonlinear attenuation behavior of the small-strain shear modulus(SSSM)and damping ratio of fissured clay under various DW cycle and consolidation pressure(25e200 kPa)conditions.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and computed tomography(CT)are employed to reveal the microstructure of fissured clay.The HardineDrnevich(H-D)model is used to describe the decay law of its SSSM,and the small strain stiffness characteristics of fissured soil are analyzed in view of damage mechanics.The results show that the SSSM of the fissured clay decreases as the DWcycles increase,with the greatest attenuation at original soil state.The damping ratio exhibits an incremental trend with escalating strain and a higher number of DW cycles.Regarding damage,DW cycles can lead to the formation of microcracks in the sample,and the aggregates disperse into smaller aggregates,which then aggregates again,resulting in structural damage.The damage variables of the samples under various confining pressures and DW cycles are analyzed based on the principle of strain damage.Finally,the volume changes and the distribution of different pore sizes obtained through CT are analyzed to investigate the stiffness attenuation under DW cycles.Additionally,the study examines the propagation direction of secondary cracks induced by primary fissures,which will play an important role in reduction of the stiffness.Our investigations contribute to understanding of soil mechanics and practical applications in areas where fissured clay is prevalent.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52479108,52408391)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042024kf0032)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade C)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.GZC20241283)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(No.2024AFB160)。
文摘Numerous slope failures have been reported during periods of water level fluctuations.Understanding the influence of water on the creep behavior of joints is essential for evaluating the long-term stability of slopes.This study focuses on the effects of drying-wetting cycles and soaking conditions on the long-term behavior of sandstone joints.A total of 12 multi-stage shear creep tests are carried out on sandstone joints subjected to varying drying-wetting cycles under both soaking and un-soaking conditions.Based on the experimental results,the influences of drying-wetting cycles as well as soaking conditions on the microstructure,shear creep displacement,strength,and failure morphologies of sandstone joints are investigated comprehensively.Results indicate that increasing drying-wetting cycles not only yields larger shear creep displacements but also leads to a negative exponential decrease in the strength of sandstone joints.Besides,soaking conditions strongly influence the creep behavior of sandstone joints.The failure strength and long-term strength of sandstone joints for soaked samples decrease by 13.6%–29.0%and 19.4%–37.5%,respectively,as compared to unsoaked samples.Furthermore,four distinct stages in the shear creep process were identified according to the results obtained from multi-stage shear creep tests and computerized tomography scans,and three creep failure modes of sandstone joints are thus determined.Finally,the influence mechanism of drying-wetting cycles and soaking conditions on the creep failure modes of sandstone joints is revealed.Drying-wetting cycles and soaking conditions diminish the influence of asperities on the shear creep behavior of joints,thereby reducing the resistance of joints to long-term deformation.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3007001)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.8244053)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M754065).
文摘The mechanical behavior of cohesive soil is sensitized to drying-wetting cycles under confinements.However,the hydromechanical coupling effect has not been considered in current constitutive models.A macro-micro analysis scheme is proposed in this paper to investigate the soil deformation behavior under the coupling of stress and drying-wetting cycles.A new device is developed based on CT(computerized tomography)workstation to apply certain normal and shear stresses on a soil specimen during drying-wetting cycles.A series of tests are conducted on a type of loess with various coupling of stress paths and drying-wetting cycles.At macroscopic level,stress sensor and laser sensor are used to acquire stress and strain,respectively.The shear and volumetric strain increase during the first few drying-wetting cycles and then become stable.The increase of the shear stress level or confining pressure would cause higher increase rate and the value of shear strain in the process of drying-wetting cycles.At microscopic level,the grayscale value(GSV)of CT scanning image is characterized as the proportion of soil particles to voids.A fabric state parameter is proposed to characterize soil microstructures under the influence of stress and drying-wetting cycle.Test results indicate that the macroand micro-responses show high consistence and relevance.The stress and drying-wetting cycles would both induce collapse of the soil microstructure,which dominants degradation of the soil mechanical properties.The evolution of the macro-mechanical property of soil exhibits a positive linear relationship with the micro-evolution of the fabric state parameter.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of National NaturalScience Foundation of China(Grant No.41972276)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(Grant No.2020J06013)"Foal Eagle Program"Youth Top-notch Talent Project of Fujian Province,China(Grant No.00387088).
文摘Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(EICP)is an emanating,eco-friendly and potentially sound technique that has presented promise in various geotechnical applications.However,the durability and microscopic characteristics of EICP-treated specimens against the impact of drying-wetting(D-W)cycles is under-explored yet.This study investigates the evolution of mechanical behavior and pore charac-teristics of EICP-treated sea sand subjected to D-W cycles.The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)tests,synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography(micro-CT),and three-dimensional(3D)recon-struction of CT images were performed to study the multiscale evolution characteristics of EICP-reinforced sea sand under the effect of D-W cycles.The potential correlations between microstructure characteristics and macro-mechanical property deterioration were investigated using gray relational analysis(GRA).Results showed that the UCS of EICP-treated specimens decreases by 63.7% after 15 D-W cycles.The proportion of mesopores gradually decreases whereas the proportion of macropores in-creases due to the exfoliated calcium carbonate with increasing number of D-W cycles.The micro-structure in EICP-reinforced sea sand was gradually disintegrated,resulting in increasing pore size and development of pore shape from ellipsoidal to columnar and branched.The gray relational degree suggested that the weight loss rate and UCS deterioration were attributed to the development of branched pores with a size of 100-1000 m m under the action of D-W cycles.Overall,the results in this study provide a useful guidancee for the long-term stability and evolution characteristics of EICP-reinforced sea sand under D-W weathering conditions.
基金sup-ports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11832013 and 51878350)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.B210202023)+5 种基金the Young Scientific and Technological Talents to Support Project of Jiangsu Association for Science and Technology(No.027)the Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Province(No.2020017)the Postdoctoral Research Funding Program of Ji-angsu Province(No.2021K133B)the Ningbo Science and Technology Innovation Project(No.2020Z040)the Nantong Science and Technology Plan Project(No.JC 2020120)the Open Research Fund of Changjiang River Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Com-mittee(No.CKWV2021879/KY).
文摘Based on seawater immersion,drying-wetting cycles,carbonation and drying-wetting cycles for coral aggregate sea-water concrete(CASC)with different strength grades,the effect of carbonation and drying-wetting cycles on chloride diffusion be-havior of CASC is studied.The results show that the free surface chloride concentration(Cs),free chloride diffusion coefficient(Df)and time-dependent index(m)of CASC in the drying-wetting cycles is obviously higher than that in seawater immersion.The Df and m of CASC of carbonation and drying-wetting cycles is higher than that in the drying-wetting cycles.Carbonation increases the Df and m of CASC,which is against CASC to resist chloride corrosion.The corrosion possibility of CASC structures in different ex-posed areas is as follows:splash zone(carbonation and drying-wetting cycles)>tidal zone(drying-wetting cycles)>underwater zone(seawater immersion).Besides,the chloride diffusion rate of C65-CASC is 17.8%-63.4%higher than that of C65-ordinary aggre-gate concrete(OAC)in seawater immersion(underwater zone).Therefore,anti-corrosion measures should be adopted to improve the service life of CASC structure in the oceanic environment.
基金Project(41472240)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2015B25514,2015B17214)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘Cracks resulting from cyclic wetting and drying of expansive soils create discontinuities and anisotropy in the soil.The representative elementary volume(REV)defined by the continuous-media theory cannot be applied to cracked expansive soils that are considered discontinuous media.In this study,direct shear tests of three different scales(30 cm^(2),900 cm^(2),1963 cm^(2))and crack image analysis were carried out on undisturbed soil samples subjected to drying-wetting cycles in-situ.The REV size of expansive soil was investigated using the crack intensity factor(CIF)and soil cohesion.The results show that soil cohesion decreased with increasing sample area,and the development of secondary cracks further exacerbated the size effect of sample on cohesion of the soil.As shrinkage cracks developed,the REV size of the soil gradually increased and plateaued after 3−5 cycles.Under the same drying-wetting cycle conditions,the REV size determined using soil cohesion(REV-C)is 1.75 to 2.97 times the REV size determined using CIF(REV-CIF).Under the influence of shrinkage cracks,the average CIF is positively correlated with the REV size determined using different maximum permissible errors,with the coefficient of correlation greater than 0.9.A method for determining the REV-C based on crack image analysis is proposed,and the REV-C of expansive soil in the study area under different exposure times is given.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51278495,51174291)the Open Fund of Nation Engineering Laboratory for High Speed Railway Construction(No.HSR2013011)
文摘The chloride ion transmission model considering diffusion and convection was established respectively for different zones in concrete by analyzing chloride ion transmission mechanism under the dryingwetting cycles. The finite difference method was adopted to solve the model. The equation of chloride ion transmission model in the convection and diffusion zone of concrete was discreted by the group explicit scheme with right single point （GER method） and the equation in diffusion zone was discreted by FTCS difference scheme. According to relative humidity characteristics in concrete under drying-wetting cycles, the seepage velocity equation was formulated based on Kelvin Equation and Darcy＇s Law. The time-variant equations of chloride ion concentration of concrete surface and the boundary surface of the convection and diffusion zone were established. Based on the software MATLAB the numerical calculation was carried out by using the model and basic material parameters from the experiments. The calculation of chloride ion concentration distribution in concrete is in good agreement with the drying-wetting cycles experiments. It can be shown that the chloride ion transmission model and the seepage velocity equation are reasonable and practical. Studies have shown that the chloride ion transmission in concrete considering convection and diffusion under the drying-wetting cycles is the better correlation with the actual situation than that only considering the diffusion.
基金support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.41972276,52108307)"Foal Eagle Program"Youth Top-notch Talent Project of Fujian Province(Grant no.00387088)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant no.2020J06013)Qishan Scholar Project of Fuzhou University(Grant nos.XRC-22015,GXRC21047).
文摘Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(EICP)has emerged promising in various geotechnical applications,and has been presented as an alternative to the traditional cementitious materials-based ground improvement method.However,the study on mechanical properties and disintegration behavior of EICP-reinforced sea sand subjected to drying-wetting cycles are limited.This study investigated the mechanical properties and disintegration behavior of EICP-reinforced sea sand against the impact of drying-wetting(D-W)cycles.The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)tests were performed to discuss the effect of drying-wetting cycles on the mechanical behavior of EICP-treated sea sand.The disintegration tests were conducted on EICP-treated sea sand to investigate the disintegration resistance of bio-cemented samples with various cementation levels.The microstructures of samples before and after disintegration were examined to disclose the disintegration mechanisms of EICP-reinforced sea sand.D-W cycles significantly affect the mechanical properties of EICP-reinforced sea sand,with UCS decreasing by 63.7%after undergoing 15 D-W cycles.The disintegration resistance index of specimens with a lower cementation level decreases significantly under the effect of D-W treatment.The higher disintegration resistance of specimens with higher cementation can be attributed to more crystals with better crystallinity formed in the contact point between sand particles within specimen.The crystals formed by soybean husk urease are mainly calcite and the crystallinity of spherical calcites would gradually change into larger rhombic calcite with further bio-grouting.The crystal with poor crystallinity is susceptible to the effect of D-W treatment,resulting in the obvious disintegration of EICP-reinforced sea sand.Overall,this study is expected to provide useful guidance on the long-term stability and drying-wetting disintegration mechanisms of EICP-reinforced sea sand.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundations of China(No.52171282,41831280)Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Plan,China(No.2021ZLGX04)supported by Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province,China(No.tsqn202306098).
文摘Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)technique has been adopted in geotechnical engineering widely.In this study,the effect of drying-wetting cycles on MICP-recycled shredded coconut coir(RSC)reinforced calcareous sand was studied,and the deterioration mechanism under drying-wetting cycles was revealed.Test results indicated that drying-wetting cycles exert an important influence on the durability of MICP-RSC reinforced specimens.With the increase of drying-wetting cycles N,the specimens demonstrated significant increase in mass loss rate and critical void ratio,decrease in maximum shear modulus,peak strength and toughness.Furthermore,an increase in the initial relative density reduced the deterioration of MICP-RSC reinforced specimens exposed to drying-wetting cycles.Higher initial relative density of the specimen correlates with an increased maximum shear modulus,peak stress and toughness,a decreased in permeability and critical void ratio.Microanalysis revealed that the generated calcium carbonate adhering to sand particles and RSC gradually dropped off with the increase of N,weakened cementation,and led to the deterioration of MICP-RSC reinforced specimens,which is consistent with the deterioration characteristics under drying-wetting cycles.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50538060)
文摘The influential depth of moisture transport in a concrete surface subject to drying-wetting cycles was analyzed numerically. The moisture transport was described by a diffusion model with different diffusivities for drying and wetting. A finite difference scheme was developed to solve the partial differential equations The influential depth was then investigated numerically for initially saturated and unsaturated concretes exposed to drying-wetting actions in marine environments using an equilibrium time ratio concept. The equilibrium time ratio was calculated numerically for a saturated condition and the moisture influential depth is shown to be a linear function of the square root of the drying time. However, this equilibrium time ratio does not exist for an unsaturated condition and the moisture influential depth depends on the initial saturation as well as the drying-wetting time ratio. The results indicate that this model gives more realistic predictions of moisture transport of in situ structural concrete and its durability.
文摘心脏磁共振成像(cardiac magnetic resonance,CMR)过程中患者误动、异常幅度的呼吸运动、心律失常会造成CMR图像质量下降,为解决现有的CMR图像增强网络需要人为制作配对数据,且图像增强后部分组织纹理细节丢失的问题,提出了基于空频域特征学习的循环一致性生成对抗网络(cycle-consistent generative adversavial network based on spatial-frequency domain feature learning,SFFL-CycleGAN).研究结果表明,该网络无须人为制作配对数据集,增强后的CMR图像组织纹理细节丰富,在结构相似度(structural similarity,SSIM)和峰值信噪比(peak signal to noise ratio,PSNR)等方面均优于现有的配对训练网络以及原始的CycleGAN网络,图像增强效果好,有效助力病情诊断.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42171108 and 42101136)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2024NSFSC2007 and2025YFHZ0273)Natural Science Starting Project of SWPU(No.2024QHZ029)。
文摘In cold regions,slope rocks are inevitably impacted by freeze-thaw,dry-wet cycles and their alternating actions,leading to strength weakening and pore degradation.In this study,the mechanical and microstructural properties of schist subjected to four conditions were investigated:freeze-thaw cycles in air(FTA),freeze-thaw cycles in water(FTW),dry-wet cycles(DW),and dry-wet-freeze-thaw cycles(DWFT).Uniaxial compressive strength(UCS),water absorption,ultrasonication,low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,and scanning electron microscopy analyses were conducted.The integrity attenuation characteristics of the longitudinal wave velocity,UCS,and elastic modulus were analyzed.The results showed that liquid water emerged as a critical factor in reducing the brittleness of schist.The attenuation function model accurately described the peak stress and static elastic modulus of schist in various media(R2>0.97).Different media affected the schist deterioration and half-life,with the FTW-immersed samples having a half-life of 28 cycles.Furthermore,the longitudinal wave velocity decreased as the number of cycles increased,with the FTW showing the most significant reduction and having the shortest half-life of 208 cycles.Moreover,the damage variables of compressive strength and elastic modulus increased with the number of cycles.After 40 cycles,the schist exposed to FTW exhibited the highest damage variables and saturated water content.
基金supported by Ningbo’s major scientific and technological breakthrough project“Research and Demonstration on the Technology of Collaborative Disposal of Secondary Ash in Typical Industrial Furnaces” (No.20212ZDYF020047)the central balance fund project“Research on Carbon Emission Accounting and Emission Reduction Potential Assessment for the Whole Life Cycle of Iron and Steel Industry” (No.2021-JY-07).
文摘China is the most important steel producer in the world,and its steel industry is one of themost carbon-intensive industries in China.Consequently,research on carbon emissions from the steel industry is crucial for China to achieve carbon neutrality and meet its sustainable global development goals.We constructed a carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission model for China’s iron and steel industry froma life cycle perspective,conducted an empirical analysis based on data from2019,and calculated the CO_(2)emissions of the industry throughout its life cycle.Key emission reduction factors were identified using sensitivity analysis.The results demonstrated that the CO_(2)emission intensity of the steel industry was 2.33 ton CO_(2)/ton,and the production and manufacturing stages were the main sources of CO_(2)emissions,accounting for 89.84%of the total steel life-cycle emissions.Notably,fossil fuel combustion had the highest sensitivity to steel CO_(2)emissions,with a sensitivity coefficient of 0.68,reducing the amount of fossil fuel combustion by 20%and carbon emissions by 13.60%.The sensitivities of power structure optimization and scrap consumption were similar,while that of the transportation structure adjustment was the lowest,with a sensitivity coefficient of less than 0.1.Given the current strategic goals of peak carbon and carbon neutrality,it is in the best interest of the Chinese government to actively promote energy-saving and low-carbon technologies,increase the ratio of scrap steel to steelmaking,and build a new power system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52074228,52305420,and 51875470)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M742830)。
文摘GH4169 joints manufactured by Linear Friction Welding(LFW)are subjected to tensile test and stair-case method to evaluate the High Cycle Fatigue(HCF)performance at 650℃.The yield and ultimate tensile strengths are 582 MPa and 820 MPa,respectively.The HCF strength of joint reaches 400 MPa,which is slightly lower than that of Base Metal(BM),indicating reliable quality of this type of joint.The microstructure observation results show that all cracks initiate at the inside of specimens and transfer into deeper region with decrease of external stress,and the crack initiation site is related with microhardness of matrix.The Electron Backscattered Diffraction(EBSD)results of the observed regions with different distances to fracture show that plastic deformation plays a key role in HCF,and the Schmid factor of most grains near fracture exceeds 0.4.In addition,the generation of twins plays a vital role in strain concentration release and coordinating plastic deformation among grains.
基金the W.M.Keck Center for Nano-Scale Imaging in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Arizona(Grant No.RRID:SCR_022884),with funding from the W.M.Keck Foundation Grant.
文摘Approximately 3.44 billion tons of copper mine tailings(MT)were produced globally in 2018 with an increase of 45%from 2010.Significant efforts are being made to manage these tailings through storage facilities,recycling,and reuse in different industries.Currently,a large portion of tailings are managed through the tailing storage facilities(TSF)where these tailings undergo hydro-thermal-mechanical stresses with seasonal cycles which are not comprehensively understood.This study presents an investigative study to evaluate the performance of control and cement-stabilized copper MT under the influence of seasonal cycles,freeze-thaw(F-T)and wet-dry(W-D)conditions,representing the seasonal variability in the cold and arid regions.The control and cement-stabilized MT samples were subjected to a maximum of 12 F-T and 12 W-D cycles and corresponding micro-and-macro behavior was investigated through scanning electron microscope(SEM),volumetric strain(εvT,wet density(r),moisture content loss,and unconfined compressive strength(UCS)tests.The results indicated the vulnerability of Copper MT to 67%and 75%strength loss reaching residual states with 12 F-T and 8 W-D cycles,respectively.Whereas the stabilized MT retained 39%-55%and 16%-34%strength with F-T and W-D cycles,demonstrating increased durability.This research highlights the impact of seasonal cycles and corresponding strength-deformation characteristics of control and stabilized Copper MT in cold and arid regions.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(12463009)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202301AV070007,202401AU070026)+2 种基金the"Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program"Innovation Team Project(202405AS350012)the Scientific Research Foundation Project of Yunnan Education Department(2023J0624,2024Y469)the GHfund A(202407016295)。
文摘Solar activity plays an important role in influencing space weather,making it important to understand numerous aspects of spatial and temporal variations in the Sun's radiative output.High-performance deep learning models and long-term observational records of sunspot relative numbers are essential for solar cycle forecasting.Using the multivariate time series of monthly sunspot relative numbers provided by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan and two Informer-based models,we forecast the amplitude and timing of solar cycles 25 and 26.The main results are as follows:(1)The maximum amplitude of solar cycle 25 is higher than the previous solar cycle 24 and the following solar cycle 26,suggesting that the long-term oscillatory variation of sunspot magnetic fields is related to the roughly centennial Gleissberg cyclicity.(2)Solar cycles 25 and 26 exhibit a pronounced Gnevyshev gap,which might be caused by two non-coincident peaks resulting from solar magnetic flux transported by meridional circulation and mid-latitude diffusion in the convection zone.(3)Hemispheric prediction of sunspot activity reveals a significant northsouth asynchrony,with activity level of the Sun being more intense in the southern hemisphere.These results are consistent with expectations derived from precursor methods and dynamo theories,and further provide evidence for internal changes in solar magnetic field during the decay of the Modern Maximum.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC2706303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82373738 and 82304293)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.SBK2024090146 and BK20221040).
文摘The inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases(CDKs)is considered a promising strategy for cancer treatment due to their role in cell cycle regulation.However,CDK inhibitors with no selectivity among CDK families have not been approved.A CDK inhibitor with high selectivity for CDK4/6 exhibited significant treatment effects on breast cancer and has become a heavy bomb on the market.Subsequently,resistance gradually decreased the efficacy of selective CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer treatment.In this review,we first introduce the development of selective CDK4/6 inhibitors and then explain the role of CDK2 activation in inducing resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors.Moreover,we focused on the development of CDK2/4/6 inhibitors and selective CDK2 inhibitors,which will aid in the discovery of novel CDK inhibitors targeting the cell cycle in the future.
